[Congressional Bills 105th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1050 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







105th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1050

   To assist in implementing the Plan of Action adopted by the World 
                          Summit for Children.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 22, 1997

 Mr. Jeffords (for himself, Mrs. Murray, and Ms. Snowe) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                           Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To assist in implementing the Plan of Action adopted by the World 
                          Summit for Children.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``James P. Grant World Summit for 
Children Implementation Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The World Summit for Children held in 1990 in New York, 
        the largest gathering of heads of state and heads of government 
        up until that time, united the world in a commitment to protect 
        the lives of children, diminish their suffering, and enhance 
        their futures.
            (2) This commitment is reflected in specific goals set 
        forth in the Declaration and Plan of Action of the 1990 World 
        Summit for Children that require international cooperation and 
        the commitment of all nations, goals which were endorsed in the 
        World Declaration on Nutrition adopted at the 1992 
        International Conference on Nutrition and endorsed at the 1994 
        Summit of the Americas, and at the 1995 World Summit on Social 
        Development.
            (3) The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates 
        that these goals could be implemented by the year 2000 with a 
        global commitment of an additional $40,000,000,000 annually, to 
        be achieved through reallocation of resources to increase the 
        proportion of resources going to meet basic human needs, with 
        two-thirds of those resources coming from the developing 
        nations themselves and one-third from the industrialized 
        nations.
            (4) In 1996 UNICEF estimated that on average only about 13 
        percent of developing country budgets and only 10 percent of 
        overseas development assistance by donor nations was devoted to 
        meeting basic human needs, as defined by the United Nations 
        Development Program, UNICEF, and others.
            (5) If that proportion of developing country budgets and 
        international development assistance devoted to basic needs 
        were increased to just 20 percent, through reallocation of 
        current resources, this would provide most of the resources 
        UNICEF estimates are required annually to achieve by the year 
        2000 the goals of the World Summit for Children.
            (6) The United States share of these resources can be 
        realized, without an overall increase in the foreign assistance 
        budget, by increasing the percentage of United States bilateral 
        development assistance to at least 20 percent of the total 
        United States foreign assistance budget.
            (7) The United States Government participated in the World 
        Summit for Children and signed the Declaration and Plan of 
        Action adopted at that Summit.
            (8) Participants in the Summit committed themselves and 
        their governments to take steps to ensure that child survival, 
        protection, and development programs will have a high priority 
        in the allocation of resources.
            (9) The United States Government should implement a plan of 
        action to fulfill its commitment to children, both at home and 
        abroad.
            (10) Public Law 103-227, enacted in 1994 as the ``Goals 
        2000: Educate America Act'', outlined United States national 
        goals for education for the rest of the 20th century and 
        beyond. The eight goals outlined by the Act are:
                    (A) School readiness.--By the year 2000, all 
                children in America will start school ready to learn.
                    (B) School completion.--By the year 2000, the high 
                school graduation rate will increase to at least 90 
                percent.
                    (C) Student achievement and citizenship.--By the 
                year 2000, all students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 
                having demonstrated competency over challenging subject 
                matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign 
                languages, civics and government, economics, arts, 
                history, and geography, and every school in America 
                will ensure that all students learn to use their minds 
                well, so they may be prepared for responsible 
                citizenship, further learning, and productive 
employment in our Nation's modern economy.
                    (D) Teacher education and professional 
                development.--By the year 2000, the Nation's teaching 
                force will have access to programs for the continued 
                improvement of their professional skills and the 
                opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills needed 
                to instruct and prepare all American students for the 
                next century.
                    (E) Mathematics and science.--By the year 2000, 
                United States students will be first in the world in 
                mathematics and science achievement.
                    (F) Adult literacy and lifelong learning.--By the 
                year 2000, every adult American will be literate and 
                will possess the knowledge and skills necessary to 
                compete in a global economy and exercise the rights and 
                responsibilities of citizenship.
                    (G) Safe, disciplined, and alcohol- and drug-free 
                schools.--By the year 2000, every school in the United 
                States will be free of drugs, violence, and 
                unauthorized presence of firearms and alcohol and will 
                offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.
                    (H) Parental participation.--By the year 2000, 
                every school will promote partnerships that will 
                increase parental involvement and participation in 
                promoting the social, emotional, and academic growth of 
                children.
            (11) Achievement of the National Education Goals contained 
        in paragraph (10) will contribute to implementation by the 
        United States of the plan of action.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to help define a plan of action to fulfill the 
        commitment of the United States Government to children; and
            (2) to provide the necessary authorities to implement that 
        plan of action.

SEC. 3. SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS AND 
              CHILDREN (WIC).

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) In 1990, the Surgeon General and the United States 
        Public Health Service announced Healthy People 2000 goals for 
        America's children. These goals include reducing the infant 
        mortality rate and the incidence of low birth weight in the 
        United States by one-third by the year 2000.
            (2) The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, 
        Infants and Children authorized under section 17 of the Child 
        Nutrition Act of 1966 (in this section referred to as the ``WIC 
        Program'') is intended to benefit low-income infants and 
        children at risk to be born at low birthweight (a proven cause 
        of mental retardation) and who have a mortality rate at least 
        twice as high as infants and children from higher income 
        families.
            (3) It has been demonstrated that participation in the WIC 
        Program reduces, in a cost-effective manner, the infant 
        mortality rate, the number of premature births, and the 
        percentage of infants born at low birthweight or with 
        development disabilities.
    (b) Funding for Fiscal Year 1998 and 1999.--It is the sense of 
Congress that not less than $4,008,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and not 
less than $4,140,000,000 for the fiscal year 1999 should be 
appropriated to carry out the WIC Program.

SEC. 4. PROGRAMS UNDER THE HEAD START ACT.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) In 1990, the President and the Governors of the 50 
        States met at the Education Summit and set United States 
        education goals for the year 2000. Among these goals, which 
        were subsequently incorporated in the 1994 Educate America Act 
        (Public Law 103-227), was that all children in America would 
        start school ready to learn.
            (2) Since their inception in 1964, programs under the Head 
        Start Act have established an impressive record in providing 
        preschool-age children from low-income families with 
        comprehensive services to address educational, social, 
        nutritional, and health needs.
            (3) Head Start programs are currently able to serve only 
        about 35 to 40 percent of eligible children between 3 and 5 
        years of age.
    (b) Funding for Fiscal Year  1998 and 1999.--It is the sense of 
Congress that not less than $4,305,500,000 for fiscal year 1998 and not 
less than $4,901,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 should be appropriated 
for programs under the Head Start Act.

SEC. 5. INTERNATIONAL INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Since the 1980s, the international campaign to save the 
        lives of children has resulted in dramatic increases in the 
        adoption of low-cost measures, such as immunizations and oral 
        rehydration therapy, which have saved the lives of over 
20,000,000 children.
            (2) In September 1991, the United Nations Children's Fund 
        and the World Health Organization were able to report that the 
        goal of 80 percent universal childhood immunization had been 
        achieved.
            (3) The Plan of Action adopted by the World Summit for 
        Children calls for the reduction of under-5 mortality rates by 
        at least one-third by the year 2000, and halving moderate and 
        severe malnutrition among children under 5.
            (4) Such progress will be possible with a continued focus 
        on child survival activities that utilize simple, available 
        technologies that have proven to be directly effective in 
        saving children's lives, and with a particular focus on 
        assistance to countries and regions with the highest rates of 
        child mortality.
            (5) Both UNICEF and the United States Agency for 
        International Development have provided strong leadership as 
        well as financial and technical support for these goals.
    (b) Contributions to UNICEF.--To carry out section 301 of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2221; relating to voluntary 
contributions to international organizations and programs), there are 
authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, and 
$105,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 for contributions to the United 
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) for activities to promote child health 
and other assistance programs on behalf of children.
    (c) Child Survival Activities.--Section 104(c)(2) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)(2)) (relating to the Child 
Survival Fund) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new 
        subparagraphs:
                    ``(D)(i) Subject to clause (ii), of the aggregate 
                of the amounts made available to carry out subparagraph 
                (B), section 103(a), and section 106, chapter 10 of 
                this part, and chapter 4 of part II and for the 
                Multilateral Assistance Initiative for the Philippines, 
                not less than $350,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and not 
                less than $380,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 shall be 
                available only for activities that--
                            ``(I) have a direct, measurable impact on 
                        the reduction in the rates of child death and 
                        disease, with a particular emphasis on delivery 
                        of community-based primary health care and 
                        health education services in the poorest 
                        communities;
                            ``(II) are primarily limited to the direct 
                        provision of basic health services such as 
                        improved and expanded immunization programs, 
                        oral rehydration to combat diarrhoeal disease, 
                        treatment of acute respiratory infection, and 
                        health education programs aimed at improving 
                        nutrition and sanitation and at promoting child 
                        spacing; and
                            ``(III) utilize simple technologies of the 
                        kind described in subparagraph (A).
                    ``(ii) Amounts made available under section 103(h) 
                (relating to the Vitamin A Deficiency Program), part I 
                of this Act for iodine and iron fortification programs 
                and for iron supplementation programs for pregnant 
                women, chapter 9 of this part (relating to 
                international disaster assistance), section 104(c)(4) 
                (relating to international AIDS prevention and 
                control), and any other provision of law for migration 
                and refugee assistance shall not be available for the 
                purposes of clause (i).
                    ``(E)(i) The President shall include in the annual 
                budget submitted to the Congress pursuant to section 
                1105 of title 31, United States Code--
                            ``(I) an estimate of the impact of each 
                        program, project, or activity to be carried out 
                        under subparagraph (D)(i), and under the 
                        vitamin A and micronutrient deficiency program, 
                        on the rates of child death and disease; and
                            ``(II) an assessment of the actual impact 
                        on the rates of child death and disease of each 
                        program completed in the previous year.
                    ``(ii) In preparing such estimates the President 
                may make use of data on intermediate measures such as 
                immunization coverage rates and prevalence of oral 
                rehydration use.''.

SEC. 6. GLOBAL MALNUTRITION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Malnutrition is a preventable, underlying cause of a 
        high proportion of child deaths.
            (2) The Plan of Action adopted at the World Summit for 
        Children calls for reducing by 50 percent severe and moderate 
        malnutrition among children under 5 years of age by the year 
        2000.
            (3) The Congress has already undertaken substantial action 
        to address this problem in the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
        and Trade Act of 1990, which established food security for the 
        poorest and the prevention of malnutrition as priorities in 
        food assistance programs administered by the United States 
        Agency for International Development under the Agriculture 
        Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954.
            (4) Section 411 of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
        Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736e), as amended by the 
        Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, 
        authorizes the forgiveness of Public Law 480 debt owed by least 
        developed countries that are pursuing national economic policy 
        reforms that would promote long-term economic development, but 
        the exercise of that authority requires further action by 
        Congress in an appropriations Act.
            (5) Child Survival activities provide an effective, 
        integrated approach to battling the complex problem of 
        childhood malnutrition leading to mortality and must be pursued 
        alongside efforts to ensure food security.
            (6)(A) Vitamin A deficiency is a scourge of approximately a 
        quarter of a billion children in developing countries.
            (B) Research financed by the United States Agency for 
        International Development and other donors has convincingly 
        demonstrated that vitamin A supplementation and fortification 
        can reduce childhood mortality by 30 percent or more.
            (C) An estimated 20,000,000 children are likely to die and 
        3,500,000 children are likely to go blind in the next decade if 
        access to vitamin A is not available.
            (D) The World Bank has estimated that vitamin A 
        supplementation costs only about $9 for every year of life 
        saved, adjusted for disability.
            (E) A single capsule of Vitamin A costs only five cents.
            (7) Preventing key micronutrient deficiencies of vitamin A, 
        iodine, iron, and zinc is a low-cost, practical, and effective 
        approach to building human capacity, quality of life, and 
        protecting the future for billions of people throughout the 
        world.
            (8)(A) Today 1,600,000,000 people are at risk of iodine 
        deficiency disorders, with the fetus and infant being the most 
        vulnerable to permanent brain damage.
            (B) Iodine deficiency is the most prevalent cause of 
        preventable mental retardation worldwide.
            (C) Iodizing salt can go far in preventing this tragedy and 
        therefore will enhance the intellectual and economic 
        performance of future generations.
            (D) The World Bank estimates that it costs only $8 for 
        every year of life saved, adjusted for disability.
            (9)(A) Nearly 2,000,000,000 people are iron-deficient, 
        particularly women of child-bearing age and young children, 
        approximately 1,000,000,000 of whom suffer from anemia.
            (B) Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy can increase 
        the risk of both maternal and infant mortality.
            (C) Moreover, iron deficiency can hinder learning among 
        school-age children and work productivity among adults.
            (D) The World Bank has estimated that iron supplementation 
        costs only $4 to $13 for every year of life saved, adjusted for 
        disability.
            (10) Vitamin A and iodine deficiencies could be virtually 
        eliminated, and iron deficiency anemia reduced by one-third, by 
        the first decade of the 21st century.
    (b) Public Law 480 Debt Forgiveness.--It is the sense of Congress 
that authority, in such amounts as may be required, should be granted 
to the President in an appropriations Act to provide the debt relief 
for least developed countries that is provided in section 411 of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954.
    (c) Vitamin A Deficiency Program.--Section 103 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a; relating to development 
assistance for agriculture, rural development, and nutrition) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Vitamin A Deficiency Program.--Of the amounts made available 
to carry out this section, not less than $17,000,000 for fiscal year 
1998 and not less than $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 shall be 
available only for implementing Vitamin A deficiency prevention 
strategies, especially supplementation and fortification programs.''.
    (d) Other Micronutrient Deficiencies.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available for such programs, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the President $13,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and 
$15,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 for iodine and iron deficiency 
prevention programs under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
especially fortification and supplementation programs, with particular 
emphasis on alleviating deficiencies in pregnant women.

SEC. 7. MATERNAL AND CHILD MORTALITY RESULTING FROM AIDS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Three million people worldwide became newly infected 
        with HIV in 1996, bringing the total number of infections since 
        the beginning of the pandemic to nearly 30,000,000.
            (2) The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 
        and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that by the 
        year 2000 more than 40,000,000 people will have become infected 
        with HIV. Ninety percent of these infections are occurring in 
        the developing world.
            (3) One-half of all new infections occur among women, 
        especially those under the age of 25.
            (4) The maternal and child mortality rate in many 
        developing countries will increase dramatically until HIV/AIDS 
        prevention and control efforts are successful, as will the 
        number of orphans with HIV/AIDS.
            (5) The most effective efforts to respond to HIV/AIDS are 
        based at the community level and involve nongovernmental 
        organizations as well as government agencies.
            (6) The United States Agency for International Development 
        should expand its assistance to developing countries for 
        community-based prevention, care, and control programs and 
        activities relating to HIV/AIDS, and should participate in 
        coordinated efforts with other donors.
            (7) Coordination of efforts of bilateral, multilateral and 
        nongovernmental agencies and organizations is essential.
    (b) International AIDS Prevention and Control Fund.--Section 104(c) 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c); relating to 
development assistance for health related activities) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(3)(A) In carrying out this subsection, the President 
        shall promote, encourage, and undertake community-based 
        prevention and control programs and activities relating to the 
        human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune 
        deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries.
            ``(B) There are authorized to be appropriated $140,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1998 and $150,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 for 
        use in carrying out this paragraph, which shall be in addition 
        to amounts made available under subsection (g) or otherwise 
        available for such purpose. Amounts appropriated under this 
        subparagraph are authorized to remain available until expended.
            ``(C) Appropriations pursuant to subparagraph (B) may be 
        referred to as the `International AIDS Prevention and Control 
        Fund'.''

SEC. 8. INTERNATIONAL BASIC EDUCATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Primary education, early childhood development 
        activities, and programs to achieve literacy, are essential for 
        increasing the productive capacity of people and their ability 
        to earn income.
            (2) Basic education, usually defined as early childhood 
        education, primary and lower secondary schooling, as well as 
        adult literacy has been shown to be one of the most 
        economically productive investments that can be made.
            (3)(A) In addition to direct economic benefits, basic 
        education has numerous beneficial social impacts.
            (B) Widespread education leads to more equitable income 
        distribution and, ultimately, to political stability.
            (C) Countries in which large numbers of children enter 
        secondary school have lower levels of investment risk, as 
        measured by the World Bank, and higher levels of democratic 
        rights, as measured by the Freedom House Index.
            (4)(A) More than 130,000,000 school-age children, the 
        majority of them girls, are not enrolled in primary school.
            (B) Basic education, especially basic education for girls, 
        contributes to increased child survival, overall life 
        expectancy, and lower birth rates.
            (C) Throughout the developing world, women with more 
        education desire smaller families.
            (D) Education of young women dramatically enhances the 
        survival of the children of such women.
            (E) It is estimated that every additional year of schooling 
        for girls lowers child death rates by 5 to 10 percent.
            (5) The Plan of Action adopted by the World Summit for 
        Children calls for basic education for all children and for 
        completion of primary education by at least 80 percent of all 
        children.
            (6) Although it is clear that investments in education are 
        a prerequisite for sustainable development, United States 
        assistance for basic education in developing countries has 
        accounted for less than 2 percent of United States foreign 
        assistance in recent years.
    (b) International Basic Education.--Section 105 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151c; relating to development 
assistance for education and human resource development) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Basic Education.--(1)(A) Of the aggregate amounts made 
available to carry out this section, chapter 10 of this part, and 
chapter 4 of part II and for the Multilateral Assistance Initiative for 
the Philippines for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, not less than 
$120,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and not less than $140,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1999 shall be available only for programs in support of 
basic education activities described in subparagraph (B).
    ``(B) The basic education activities described in this subparagraph 
are early childhood education, primary and lower secondary education, 
and literacy training for adults.
    ``(C) Amounts made available under this paragraph may be used only 
for activities which have a direct and measurable impact on primary 
school enrollment, literacy, or educational attainment.
    ``(2) The President shall include in the annual budget submitted to 
Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a 
description of the measured or estimated impact on primary school 
enrollment, literacy, and educational attainment of each project or 
program carried out under this subsection.''.

SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING AND CHILD SPACING.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Universal access to voluntary family planning could 
        save the lives of several million children each year, and could 
        significantly improve the health of children throughout the 
        developing world by reducing prematurity and low birthweight 
        and allowing longer breast feeding.
            (2) The risk of maternal death or illness in the developing 
        world is highest for women who bear children when they are 
        under the age of 18 or over age 35, for pregnancies spaced less 
        than 2 years apart, and for women who already have 4 or more 
        children. Universal access to voluntary family planning could 
        prevent up to one-third of the estimated 585,000 maternal 
        deaths annually.
            (3) The inability of couples to plan births decreases the 
        quality of women's lives and undermines their opportunities for 
        education, for earning income, for improving the care of 
        children, and for community activities and personal 
        development.
            (4) Rapid world population growth, combined with 
        unsustainable patterns of natural resource consumption, has 
        become an urgent economic, social, and environmental problem.
            (5) The Plan of Action adopted at the 1990 World Summit for 
        Children calls for voluntary family planning services and 
        education to be made available to all couples to empower them 
        to prevent unwanted pregnancies and births which are ``too many 
        and too close'' and to women who are ``too young or too old''.
            (6) Efforts to reduce child death rates and to lower 
        birthrates are mutually reinforcing because closely spaced 
        pregnancies contribute in important ways to high child 
mortality and parents need assurances that their children will survive.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to any other 
amounts made available for such purposes, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the President for United States population assistance 
programs and activities under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 not less than $550,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and not less than 
$600,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 10. REFUGEES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) In 1997 there are 27,000,000 people of concern in 
        refugee-like situations in areas from Northern Iraq, to Angola, 
        to the former Yugoslavia, and in addition, there are estimated 
        to be more than 20,000,000 internally displaced persons. A 
        large majority of these refugees and internally displaced 
        persons are children.
            (2) The dramatic growth in the number of refugees and 
        displaced persons, has resulted in the increased need for legal 
        assistance and protection, health, nutrition, and basic 
        education services available to such refugees and displaced 
        persons.
            (3) Refugee children are particularly vulnerable in first 
        asylum camps from Africa to Southeast Asia, particularly 
        unaccompanied children who languish without the protection and 
        nurturing of a parent or adult guardian.
            (4) At least 12 major repatriation programs are currently 
        in operation worldwide and such programs will be successful in 
        promoting regional stability only if adequate funding is 
        appropriated for reintegration.
    (b) Funding for Refugee Assistance Programs.--It is the sense of 
Congress that--
            (1) not less than $730,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and 
        $780,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, should be appropriated for 
        the ``Migration and Refugee Assistance'' account, of which not 
        less than $470,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 and $500,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1999 should be available only for programs of 
        refugee assistance overseas (in addition to the amounts 
        available for programs for refugees from the former Soviet 
        Union, Eastern Europe, and elsewhere who resettle in Israel); 
        and
            (2) not less than $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
        1998 and 1999 should be appropriated for the ``United States 
        Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund'' account.

SEC. 11. TUBERCULOSIS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) It is estimated that 15,000,000 individuals in the 
        United States are infected with tuberculosis.
            (2) The threat to the health of Americans with respect to 
        tuberculosis consists of--
                    (A) the global spread of tuberculosis in general, 
                including its resurgence in the United States; and
                    (B) the emergence and spread of strains of 
                tuberculosis that are multidrug resistant.
            (3)(A) Elimination of tuberculosis in the United States can 
        only be achieved by controlling the disease in developing 
        countries.
            (B) Tuberculosis is spreading as a result of inadequate 
        treatment, and it is a disease that knows no national borders.
            (4)(A) Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that kills an 
        estimated 3,000,000 people a year worldwide.
            (B) Tuberculosis is the largest infectious killer of 
        adults, causing more deaths than AIDS, cholera, malaria, 
        tetanus, meningitis, and typhoid fever combined.
            (C) Most cases of tuberculosis and deaths caused by 
        tuberculosis occur among individuals in their most productive 
        years of life.
            (5)(A) Children bear the brunt of the tuberculosis of their 
        parents.
            (B) No other infectious disease creates as many orphans as 
        tuberculosis.
            (C) Nearly 170,000 children die of tuberculosis annually, 
        usually because of infection by an adult family member.
            (D) Children under the age of 2 are especially susceptible 
        to deadly strains of the disease.
            (E) In addition, children suffer the results of the 
        inability of their parents' and grandparents' inability to work 
        and care for their families.
            (F) In the United States, the number of children under age 
        15 who were sick with tuberculosis increased by 35 percent 
        between 1985 and 1992.
            (6)(A) The World Health Organization has stated that the 
        best curative method for tuberculosis is known as Directly 
        Observed Treatment (DOT), in which health workers directly 
        monitor patients with tuberculosis for the purpose of ensuring 
that such patients take their full course of medicine.
            (B) By guaranteeing that the treatment regimens are 
        completed, DOT prevents the further spread of infection and 
        development of strains of tuberculosis that are multidrug 
        resistant.
            (7)(A) Few public health expenditures provide so much value 
        for so little money as expenditures for the prevention and 
        treatment of tuberculosis.
            (B) In some parts of the world, the cost of curing 
        tuberculosis is as little as 90 cents for every year added to 
        the life of the patient.
            (C) Drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis cost as little 
        as $11 per person in some parts of the world and such drugs are 
        more than 95 percent effective.
            (D) According to the World Bank, the control of 
        tuberculosis is among the most cost-effective of all health 
        interventions.
            (8) In order to control tuberculosis in the United States 
        in a more effective manner, it is also necessary to ensure the 
        effectiveness of tuberculosis control programs worldwide.
            (9) There is a need for an increased number of trained 
        professionals to set up model programs in developing countries, 
        as well as a need for drugs, other staff costs, and equipment.
            (10)(A) In addition to the World Health Organization 
        through its tuberculosis program, nongovernmental 
        organizations, such as the International Union Against 
        Tuberculosis and Lung Disease have proven expertise in the 
        field.
            (B) Increased support for such nongovernmental partners is 
        critical for the expansion of effective tuberculosis control 
        programs.
            (11) Setting aside funding to monitor the incidence and 
        spread of tuberculosis worldwide is crucial to successfully 
        combating the disease.
    (b) Funding for the Control of Tuberculosis.--There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the President $40,000,000 for fiscal year 1998 
and $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 for the prevention of the global 
spread of tuberculosis through the provision in the developing 
countries of drugs, local staff costs, and staff training and 
equipment, particularly in those developing countries with the highest 
incidence of tuberculosis.

SEC. 12. EFFORTS BY OTHER COUNTRIES.

    The President shall call upon foreign governments to provide their 
share of the resources required to achieve the World Summit for 
Children goals by the year 2000, specifically through giving highest 
priority to increasing the proportion of public expenditures and 
foreign assistance devoted to priority human needs areas outlined in 
the Declaration and Plan of Action of the World Summit for Children.

SEC. 13. ANNUAL REPORT.

    (a) Requirement for Report.--In order that the Congress and the 
people of the United States may be fully informed of efforts undertaken 
by the United States Government to fulfill agreements signed by the 
United States at the World Summit for Children, the President shall 
submit a report annually to Congress on United States efforts to 
achieve the goals of the World Summit for Children. Each such report 
shall include--
            (1) a discussion of efforts by the United States to achieve 
        those goals both within the United States and in other 
        countries; and
            (2) a comparative analysis of current and past funding 
        levels and planned funding levels for the next 2 fiscal years.
    (b) Submission Date.--The reports required by this section shall be 
submitted to Congress not later than February 1 of each year.
                                 <all>