[Congressional Bills 105th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2183 Placed on Calendar Senate (PCS)]





                                                       Calendar No. 558

105th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                               H. R. 2183

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT

   To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to reform the 
financing of campaigns for elections for Federal office, and for other 
                               purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                           September 9, 1998

            Read the second time and placed on the calendar





                                                       Calendar No. 558
105th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 2183


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            August 31, 1998

                    Received and read the first time

                           September 9, 1998

            Read the second time and placed on the calendar

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT


 
   To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to reform the 
financing of campaigns for elections for Federal office, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Bipartisan 
Campaign Reform Act of 1998''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
            TITLE I--REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE

Sec. 101. Soft money of political parties.
Sec. 102. Increased contribution limits for State committees of 
                            political parties and aggregate 
                            contribution limit for individuals.
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements.
           TITLE II--INDEPENDENT AND COORDINATED EXPENDITURES

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Civil penalty.
Sec. 203. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 204. Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.
Sec. 205. Coordination with candidates.
                         TITLE III--DISCLOSURE

Sec. 301. Filing of reports using computers and facsimile machines.
Sec. 302. Prohibition of deposit of contributions with incomplete 
                            contributor information.
Sec. 303. Audits.
Sec. 304. Reporting requirements for contributions of $50 or more.
Sec. 305. Use of candidates' names.
Sec. 306. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 307. Soft money of persons other than political parties.
Sec. 308. Campaign advertising.
                    TITLE IV--PERSONAL WEALTH OPTION

Sec. 401. Voluntary personal funds expenditure limit.
Sec. 402. Political party committee coordinated expenditures.
                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 501. Codification of Beck decision.
Sec. 502. Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes.
Sec. 503. Limit on congressional use of the franking privilege.
Sec. 504. Prohibition of fundraising on Federal property.
Sec. 505. Penalties for knowing and willful violations.
Sec. 506. Ban on campaign contributions by noncitizens.
Sec. 507. Prohibition of contributions by minors.
Sec. 508. Expedited procedures.
Sec. 509. Initiation of enforcement proceeding.
Sec. 510. Protecting equal participation of eligible voters in 
                            campaigns and elections.
Sec. 511. Prohibiting noncitizen individuals from making contributions 
                            in connection with Federal elections.
Sec. 512. Penalty for violation of prohibition against foreign 
                            contributions.
Sec. 513. Expedited court review of certain alleged violations of 
                            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
Sec. 514. Conspiracy to violate Presidential campaign spending limits.
Sec. 515. Deposit of certain contributions and donations in treasury 
                            account.
Sec. 516. Establishment of a clearinghouse of information on political 
                            activities within the Federal Election 
                            Commission.
Sec. 517. Permitting permanent resident aliens serving in Armed Forces 
                            to make contributions.
Sec. 518. Enforcement of spending limit on Presidential and Vice 
                            Presidential candidates who receive public 
                            financing.
 TITLE VI--SEVERABILITY; CONSTITUTIONALITY; EFFECTIVE DATE; REGULATIONS

Sec. 601. Severability.
Sec. 602. Review of constitutional issues.
Sec. 603. Effective date.
Sec. 604. Regulations.
      TITLE VII--INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM

Sec. 701. Establishment and purpose of Commission.
Sec. 702. Membership of Commission.
Sec. 703. Powers of Commission.
Sec. 704. Administrative provisions.
Sec. 705. Report and recommended legislation.
Sec. 706. Expedited congressional consideration of legislation.
Sec. 707. Termination.
Sec. 708. Authorization of appropriations.
TITLE VIII--PROHIBITING USE OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 
                         POLITICAL FUNDRAISING

Sec. 801. Prohibiting use of White House meals and accommodations for 
                            political fundraising.
   TITLE IX--SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL 
                          GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

Sec. 901. Sense of the Congress regarding applicability of controlling 
                            legal authority to fundraising on Federal 
                            Government property.
 TITLE X--PROHIBITING SOLICITATION TO OBTAIN ACCESS TO CERTAIN FEDERAL 
                          GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

Sec. 1001. Prohibition against acceptance or solicitation to obtain 
                            access to certain Federal Government 
                            property.
    TITLE XI--REIMBURSEMENT FOR USE OF AIR FORCE ONE FOR POLITICAL 
                              FUNDRAISING

Sec. 1101. Requiring national parties to reimburse at cost for use of 
                            Air Force One for political fundraising.
           TITLE XII--PROHIBITING USE OF WALKING AROUND MONEY

Sec. 1201. Prohibiting campaigns from providing currency to individuals 
                            for purposes of encouraging turnout on date 
                            of election.
           TITLE XIII--ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT OF CAMPAIGN LAW

Sec. 1301. Enhancing enforcement of campaign finance law.
  TITLE XIV--BAN ON COORDINATED SOFT MONEY ACTIVITIES BY PRESIDENTIAL 
                               CANDIDATES

Sec. 1401. Ban on coordination of soft money for issue advocacy by 
                            Presidential candidates receiving public 
                            financing.
TITLE XV--POSTING NAMES OF CERTAIN AIR FORCE ONE PASSENGERS ON INTERNET

Sec. 1501. Requirement that names of passengers on Air Force One and 
                            Air Force Two be made available through the 
                            internet.
 TITLE XVI--EXPULSION PROCEEDINGS FOR HOUSE MEMBERS RECEIVING FOREIGN 
                             CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 1601. Permitting consideration of privileged motion to expel House 
                            Member accepting illegal foreign 
                            contribution.

            TITLE I--REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE

SEC. 101. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

                   ``soft money of political parties

    ``Sec. 323. (a) National Committees.--
            ``(1) In general.--A national committee of a political 
        party (including a national congressional campaign committee of 
        a political party) and any officers or agents of such party 
        committees, shall not solicit, receive, or direct to another 
        person a contribution, donation, or transfer of funds, or spend 
        any funds, that are not subject to the limitations, 
        prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act.
            ``(2) Applicability.--This subsection shall apply to an 
        entity that is directly or indirectly established, financed, 
        maintained, or controlled by a national committee of a 
        political party (including a national congressional campaign 
        committee of a political party), or an entity acting on behalf 
        of a national committee, and an officer or agent acting on 
        behalf of any such committee or entity.
    ``(b) State, District, and Local Committees.--
            ``(1) In general.--An amount that is expended or disbursed 
        by a State, district, or local committee of a political party 
        (including an entity that is directly or indirectly 
        established, financed, maintained, or controlled by a State, 
        district, or local committee of a political party and an 
        officer or agent acting on behalf of such committee or entity) 
        for Federal election activity shall be made from funds subject 
        to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of 
        this Act.
            ``(2) Federal election activity.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `Federal election 
                activity' means--
                            ``(i) voter registration activity during 
                        the period that begins on the date that is 120 
                        days before the date a regularly scheduled 
                        Federal election is held and ends on the date 
                        of the election;
                            ``(ii) voter identification, get-out-the-
                        vote activity, or generic campaign activity 
                        conducted in connection with an election in 
                        which a candidate for Federal office appears on 
                        the ballot (regardless of whether a candidate 
                        for State or local office also appears on the 
                        ballot); and
                            ``(iii) a communication that refers to a 
                        clearly identified candidate for Federal office 
                        (regardless of whether a candidate for State or 
                        local office is also mentioned or identified) 
                        and is made for the purpose of influencing a 
                        Federal election (regardless of whether the 
                        communication is express advocacy).
                    ``(B) Excluded activity.--The term `Federal 
                election activity' does not include an amount expended 
                or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee 
                of a political party for--
                            ``(i) campaign activity conducted solely on 
                        behalf of a clearly identified candidate for 
                        State or local office, provided the campaign 
                        activity is not a Federal election activity 
                        described in subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) a contribution to a candidate for 
                        State or local office, provided the 
                        contribution is not designated or used to pay 
                        for a Federal election activity described in 
                        subparagraph (A);
                            ``(iii) the costs of a State, district, or 
                        local political convention;
                            ``(iv) the costs of grassroots campaign 
                        materials, including buttons, bumper stickers, 
                        and yard signs, that name or depict only a 
                        candidate for State or local office;
                            ``(v) the non-Federal share of a State, 
                        district, or local party committee's 
                        administrative and overhead expenses (but not 
                        including the compensation in any month of an 
                        individual who spends more than 20 percent of 
                        the individual's time on Federal election 
                        activity) as determined by a regulation 
                        promulgated by the Commission to determine the 
                        non-Federal share of a State, district, or 
                        local party committee's administrative and 
                        overhead expenses; and
                            ``(vi) the cost of constructing or 
                        purchasing an office facility or equipment for 
                        a State, district or local committee.
    ``(c) Fundraising Costs.--An amount spent by a national, State, 
district, or local committee of a political party, by an entity that is 
established, financed, maintained, or controlled by a national, State, 
district, or local committee of a political party, or by an agent or 
officer of any such committee or entity, to raise funds that are used, 
in whole or in part, to pay the costs of a Federal election activity 
shall be made from funds subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and 
reporting requirements of this Act.
    ``(d) Tax-exempt Organizations.--A national, State, district, or 
local committee of a political party (including a national 
congressional campaign committee of a political party, an entity that 
is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or 
controlled by any such national, State, district, or local committee or 
its agent, an agent acting on behalf of any such party committee, and 
an officer or agent acting on behalf of any such party committee or 
entity), shall not solicit any funds for, or make or direct any 
donations to, an organization that is described in section 501(c) of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under 
section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an application to the 
Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service for determination of tax-
exemption under such section).
    ``(e) Candidates.--
            ``(1) In general.--A candidate, individual holding Federal 
        office, or agent of a candidate or individual holding Federal 
        office shall not solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend 
        funds for a Federal election activity on behalf of such 
        candidate, individual, agent or any other person, unless the 
        funds are subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and 
        reporting requirements of this Act.
            ``(2) State law.--Paragraph (1) does not apply to the 
        solicitation or receipt of funds by an individual who is a 
        candidate for a State or local office if the solicitation or 
        receipt of funds is permitted under State law for any activity 
        other than a Federal election activity.
            ``(3) Fundraising events.--Paragraph (1) does not apply in 
        the case of a candidate who attends, speaks, or is a featured 
        guest at a fundraising event sponsored by a State, district, or 
        local committee of a political party.''.

SEC. 102. INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMITS FOR STATE COMMITTEES OF 
              POLITICAL PARTIES AND AGGREGATE CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR 
              INDIVIDUALS.

    (a) Contribution Limit for State Committees of Political Parties.--
Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(other than a committee 
                described in subparagraph (D))'' after ``committee''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) to a political committee established and maintained 
        by a State committee of a political party in any calendar year 
        that, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000''.
    (b) Aggregate Contribution Limit for Individual.--Section 315(a)(3) 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(3)) is 
amended by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$30,000''.

SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) (as amended by section 203) is 
amended by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Political Committees.--
            ``(1) National and congressional political committees.--The 
        national committee of a political party, any national 
        congressional campaign committee of a political party, and any 
        subordinate committee of either, shall report all receipts and 
        disbursements during the reporting period.
            ``(2) Other political committees to which section 323 
        applies.--A political committee (not described in paragraph 
        (1)) to which section 323(b)(1) applies shall report all 
        receipts and disbursements made for activities described in 
        paragraphs (2)(A) and (3)(B)(v) of section 323(b).
            ``(3) Itemization.--If a political committee has receipts 
        or disbursements to which this subsection applies from any 
        person aggregating in excess of $200 for any calendar year, the 
        political committee shall separately itemize its reporting for 
        such person in the same manner as required in paragraphs 
        (3)(A), (5), and (6) of subsection (b).
            ``(4) Reporting periods.--Reports required to be filed 
        under this subsection shall be filed for the same time periods 
        required for political committees under subsection (a).''.
    (b) Building Fund Exception to the Definition of Contribution.--
Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (1) by striking clause (viii); and
            (2) by redesignating clauses (ix) through (xiv) as clauses 
        (viii) through (xiii), respectively.

           TITLE II--INDEPENDENT AND COORDINATED EXPENDITURES

SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Definition of Independent Expenditure.--Section 301 of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by striking 
paragraph (17) and inserting the following:
            ``(17) Independent expenditure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `independent 
                expenditure' means an expenditure by a person--
                            ``(i) for a communication that is express 
                        advocacy; and
                            ``(ii) that is not provided in coordination 
                        with a candidate or a candidate's agent or a 
                        person who is coordinating with a candidate or 
                        a candidate's agent.''.
    (b) Definition of Express Advocacy.--Section 301 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(20) Express advocacy.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `express advocacy' 
                means a communication that advocates the election or 
                defeat of a candidate by--
                            ``(i) containing a phrase such as `vote 
                        for', `re-elect', `support', `cast your ballot 
                        for', `(name of candidate) for Congress', 
                        `(name of candidate) in 1997', `vote against', 
                        `defeat', `reject', or a campaign slogan or 
                        words that in context can have no reasonable 
                        meaning other than to advocate the election or 
                        defeat of one or more clearly identified 
                        candidates;
                            ``(ii) referring to one or more clearly 
                        identified candidates in a paid advertisement 
                        that is transmitted through radio or television 
                        within 60 calendar days preceding the date of 
                        an election of the candidate and that appears 
                        in the State in which the election is 
                        occurring, except that with respect to a 
                        candidate for the office of Vice President or 
                        President, the time period is within 60 
                        calendar days preceding the date of a general 
                        election; or
                            ``(iii) expressing unmistakable and 
                        unambiguous support for or opposition to one or 
                        more clearly identified candidates when taken 
                        as a whole and with limited reference to 
                        external events, such as proximity to an 
                        election.
                    ``(B) Voting record and voting guide exception.--
                The term `express advocacy' does not include a 
                communication which is in printed form or posted on the 
                Internet that--
                            ``(i) presents information solely about the 
                        voting record or position on a campaign issue 
                        of one or more candidates: Provided, however, 
                        That the sponsor of the voting record or voting 
                        guide may state its agreement or disagreement 
                        with the record or position of the candidate: 
                        Provided further, That the voting record or 
                        voting guide when taken as a whole does not 
                        express unmistakable and unambiguous support 
                        for or opposition to one or more clearly 
                        identified candidates;
                            ``(ii) is not made in coordination with a 
                        candidate, political party, or agent of the 
                        candidate or party, or a candidate's agent or a 
                        person who is coordinating with a candidate or 
                        a candidate's agent: Provided, That nothing 
                        herein shall prevent the sponsor of the voting 
                        guide from directing questions in writing to 
                        candidates about their position on issues for 
                        purposes of preparing a voter guide, and the 
                        candidate from responding in writing to such 
                        questions; and
                            ``(iii) does not contain a phrase such as 
                        `vote for', `re-elect', `support', `cast your 
                        ballot for', `(name of candidate) for 
                        Congress', `(name of candidate) in 1997', `vote 
                        against', `defeat', or `reject', or a campaign 
                        slogan or words that in context can have no 
                        reasonable meaning other than to urge the 
                        election or defeat of one or more clearly 
                        identified candidates.''.
    (c) Definition of Expenditure.--Section 301(9)(A) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(9)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(iii) a payment for a communication that is express 
        advocacy; and
            ``(iv) a payment made by a person for a communication 
        that--
                    ``(I) refers to a clearly identified candidate;
                    ``(II) is provided in coordination with the 
                candidate, the candidate's agent, or the political 
                party of the candidate; and
                    ``(III) is for the purpose of influencing a Federal 
                election (regardless of whether the communication is 
                express advocacy).''.

SEC. 202. EXPRESS ADVOCACY DETERMINED WITHOUT REGARD TO BACKGROUND 
              MUSIC.

    Section 301 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph:
            ``(20) In determining whether any communication by 
        television or radio broadcast constitutes express advocacy for 
        purposes of this Act, there shall not be taken into account any 
        background music not including lyrics used in such 
        broadcast.''.

SEC. 203. CIVIL PENALTY.

    Section 309 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
437g) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``clause 
                        (ii)'' and inserting ``clauses (ii) and 
                        (iii)''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(iii) If the Commission determines by an affirmative vote of 4 of 
its members that there is probable cause to believe that a person has 
made a knowing and willful violation of section 304(c), the Commission 
shall not enter into a conciliation agreement under this paragraph and 
may institute a civil action for relief under paragraph (6)(A).''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6)(B), by inserting ``(except an 
                action instituted in connection with a knowing and 
                willful violation of section 304(c))'' after 
                ``subparagraph (A)''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Any person'' 
                and inserting ``Except as provided in subparagraph (D), 
                any person''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(D) In the case of a knowing and willful violation of section 
304(c) that involves the reporting of an independent expenditure, the 
violation shall not be subject to this subsection.''.

SEC. 204. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2), by striking the undesignated 
        matter after subparagraph (C);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) of subsection (c) as 
        subsection (f); and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (c)(2) (as amended by 
        paragraph (1)) the following:
    ``(d) Time for Reporting Certain Expenditures.--
            ``(1) Expenditures aggregating $1,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a 
                political committee) that makes or contracts to make 
                independent expenditures aggregating $1,000 or more 
                after the 20th day, but more than 24 hours, before the 
                date of an election shall file a report describing the 
                expenditures within 24 hours after that amount of 
                independent expenditures has been made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an 
                additional report within 24 hours after each time the 
                person makes or contracts to make independent 
                expenditures aggregating an additional $1,000 with 
                respect to the same election as that to which the 
                initial report relates.
            ``(2) Expenditures aggregating $10,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a 
                political committee) that makes or contracts to make 
                independent expenditures aggregating $10,000 or more at 
                any time up to and including the 20th day before the 
                date of an election shall file a report describing the 
                expenditures within 48 hours after that amount of 
                independent expenditures has been made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an 
                additional report within 48 hours after each time the 
                person makes or contracts to make independent 
                expenditures aggregating an additional $10,000 with 
                respect to the same election as that to which the 
                initial report relates.
            ``(3) Place of filing; contents.--A report under this 
        subsection--
                    ``(A) shall be filed with the Commission; and
                    ``(B) shall contain the information required by 
                subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii), including the name of each 
                candidate whom an expenditure is intended to support or 
                oppose.''.

SEC. 205. INDEPENDENT VERSUS COORDINATED EXPENDITURES BY PARTY.

    Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act (2 U.S.C. 
441a(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and (3)'' and inserting 
        ``, (3), and (4)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(4) Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.--
            ``(A) In general.--On or after the date on which a 
        political party nominates a candidate, a committee of the 
        political party shall not make both expenditures under this 
        subsection and independent expenditures (as defined in section 
        301(17)) with respect to the candidate during the election 
        cycle.
            ``(B) Certification.--Before making a coordinated 
        expenditure under this subsection with respect to a candidate, 
        a committee of a political party shall file with the Commission 
        a certification, signed by the treasurer of the committee, that 
        the committee has not and shall not make any independent 
        expenditure with respect to the candidate during the same 
        election cycle.
            ``(C) Application.--For the purposes of this paragraph, all 
        political committees established and maintained by a national 
        political party (including all congressional campaign 
        committees) and all political committees established and 
        maintained by a State political party (including any 
        subordinate committee of a State committee) shall be considered 
        to be a single political committee.
            ``(D) Transfers.--A committee of a political party that 
        submits a certification under subparagraph (B) with respect to 
        a candidate shall not, during an election cycle, transfer any 
        funds to, assign authority to make coordinated expenditures 
        under this subsection to, or receive a transfer of funds from, 
        a committee of the political party that has made or intends to 
        make an independent expenditure with respect to the 
        candidate.''.

SEC. 206. COORDINATION WITH CANDIDATES.

    (a) Definition of Coordination With Candidates.--
            (1) Section 301(8).--Section 301(8) of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause 
                        (i);
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end of 
                        clause (ii) and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) anything of value provided by a 
                        person in coordination with a candidate for the 
                        purpose of influencing a Federal election, 
                        regardless of whether the value being provided 
                        is a communication that is express advocacy, in 
                        which such candidate seeks nomination or 
                        election to Federal office.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) The term `provided in coordination with a 
                candidate' includes--
                            ``(i) a payment made by a person in 
                        cooperation, consultation, or concert with, at 
                        the request or suggestion of, or pursuant to 
                        any general or particular understanding with a 
                        candidate, the candidate's authorized 
                        committee, or an agent acting on behalf of a 
                        candidate or authorized committee;
                            ``(ii) a payment made by a person for the 
                        production, dissemination, distribution, or 
                        republication, in whole or in part, of any 
                        broadcast or any written, graphic, or other 
                        form of campaign material prepared by a 
                        candidate, a candidate's authorized committee, 
                        or an agent of a candidate or authorized 
                        committee (not including a communication 
                        described in paragraph (9)(B)(i) or a 
                        communication that expressly advocates the 
                        candidate's defeat);
                            ``(iii) a payment made by a person based on 
                        information about a candidate's plans, 
                        projects, or needs provided to the person 
                        making the payment by the candidate or the 
                        candidate's agent who provides the information 
                        with the intent that the payment be made;
                            ``(iv) a payment made by a person if, in 
                        the same election cycle in which the payment is 
                        made, the person making the payment is serving 
                        or has served as a member, employee, 
                        fundraiser, or agent of the candidate's 
                        authorized committee in an executive or 
                        policymaking position;
                            ``(v) a payment made by a person if the 
                        person making the payment has served in any 
                        formal policy making or advisory position with 
                        the candidate's campaign or has participated in 
                        formal strategic or formal policymaking 
                        discussions with the candidate's campaign 
                        relating to the candidate's pursuit of 
                        nomination for election, or election, to 
                        Federal office, in the same election cycle as 
                        the election cycle in which the payment is 
                        made: Provided, however, That such discussions 
                        shall not include a lobbying contact under the 
                        Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 in the case of 
                        a candidate holding Federal office or 
                        consisting of similar lobbying activity in the 
                        case of a candidate holding State or elective 
                        office;
                            ``(vi) a payment made by a person if, in 
                        the same election cycle, the person making the 
                        payment retains the professional services of 
                        any person that has provided or is providing 
                        campaign-related services in the same election 
                        cycle to a candidate in connection with the 
                        candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, 
                        or election, to Federal office, including 
                        services relating to the candidate's decision 
                        to seek Federal office, and the person retained 
                        is retained to work on activities relating to 
                        that candidate's campaign;
                            ``(vii) a payment made by a person who has 
                        engaged in a coordinated activity with a 
                        candidate described in clauses (i) through (vi) 
                        for a communication that clearly refers to the 
                        candidate and is for the purpose of influencing 
                        an election (regardless of whether the 
                        communication is express advocacy);
                            ``(viii) direct participation by a person 
                        in fundraising activities with the candidate or 
                        in the solicitation or receipt of contributions 
                        on behalf of the candidate;
                            ``(ix) communication by a person with the 
                        candidate or an agent of the candidate, 
                        occurring after the declaration of candidacy 
                        (including a pollster, media consultant, 
                        vendor, advisor, or staff member), acting on 
                        behalf of the candidate, about advertising 
                        message, allocation of resources, fundraising, 
                        or other campaign matters related to the 
                        candidate's campaign, including campaign 
                        operations, staffing, tactics, or strategy; or
                            ``(x) the provision of in-kind professional 
                        services or polling data to the candidate or 
                        candidate's agent.
                    ``(D) For purposes of subparagraph (C), the term 
                `professional services' means polling, media advice, 
                fundraising, campaign research or direct mail (except 
                for mailhouse services solely for the distribution of 
                voter guides as defined in section 431(20)(B)) services 
                in support of a candidate's pursuit of nomination for 
                election, or election, to Federal office.
                    ``(E) For purposes of subparagraph (C), all 
                political committees established and maintained by a 
                national political party (including all congressional 
                campaign committees) and all political committees 
                established and maintained by a State political party 
                (including any subordinate committee of a State 
                committee) shall be considered to be a single political 
                committee.''.
            (2) Section 315(a)(7).--Section 315(a)(7) (2 U.S.C. 
        441a(a)(7)) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) a thing of value provided in coordination 
                with a candidate, as described in section 
                301(8)(A)(iii), shall be considered to be a 
                contribution to the candidate, and in the case of a 
                limitation on expenditures, shall be treated as an 
                expenditure by the candidate.''.
    (b) Meaning of Contribution or Expenditure for the Purposes of 
Section 316.--Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)) is amended by striking ``shall include'' and 
inserting ``includes a contribution or expenditure, as those terms are 
defined in section 301, and also includes''.

                         TITLE III--DISCLOSURE

SEC. 301. FILING OF REPORTS USING COMPUTERS AND FACSIMILE MACHINES.

    Section 302(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(11)(A) The Commission shall promulgate a regulation 
        under which a person required to file a designation, statement, 
        or report under this Act--
                    ``(i) is required to maintain and file a 
                designation, statement, or report for any calendar year 
                in electronic form accessible by computers if the 
                person has, or has reason to expect to have, aggregate 
                contributions or expenditures in excess of a threshold 
                amount determined by the Commission; and
                    ``(ii) may maintain and file a designation, 
                statement, or report in electronic form or an 
                alternative form, including the use of a facsimile 
                machine, if not required to do so under the regulation 
                promulgated under clause (i).
            ``(B) The Commission shall make a designation, statement, 
        report, or notification that is filed electronically with the 
        Commission accessible to the public on the Internet not later 
        than 24 hours after the designation, statement, report, or 
        notification is received by the Commission.
            ``(C) In promulgating a regulation under this paragraph, 
        the Commission shall provide methods (other than requiring a 
        signature on the document being filed) for verifying 
        designations, statements, and reports covered by the 
        regulation. Any document verified under any of the methods 
        shall be treated for all purposes (including penalties for 
        perjury) in the same manner as a document verified by 
        signature.''.

SEC. 302. PROHIBITION OF DEPOSIT OF CONTRIBUTIONS WITH INCOMPLETE 
              CONTRIBUTOR INFORMATION.

    Section 302 of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 432) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Deposit of Contributions.--The treasurer of a candidate's 
authorized committee shall not deposit, except in an escrow account, or 
otherwise negotiate a contribution from a person who makes an aggregate 
amount of contributions in excess of $200 during a calendar year unless 
the treasurer verifies that the information required by this section 
with respect to the contributor is complete.''.

SEC. 303. AUDITS.

    (a) Random Audits.--Section 311(b) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 438(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The 
        Commission''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Random audits.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), 
                the Commission may conduct random audits and 
                investigations to ensure voluntary compliance with this 
                Act. The selection of any candidate for a random audit 
                or investigation shall be based on criteria adopted by 
                a vote of at least four members of the Commission.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The Commission shall not conduct 
                an audit or investigation of a candidate's authorized 
                committee under subparagraph (A) until the candidate is 
                no longer a candidate for the office sought by the 
                candidate in an election cycle.
                    ``(C) Applicability.--This paragraph does not apply 
                to an authorized committee of a candidate for President 
                or Vice President subject to audit under section 9007 
                or 9038 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
    (b) Extension of Period During Which Campaign Audits May Be 
Begun.--Section 311(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 438(b)) is amended by striking ``6 months'' and inserting ``12 
months''.

SEC. 304. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF $50 OR MORE.

    Section 304(b)(3)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act at 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 434(b)(3)(A) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``$200'' and inserting ``$50''; and
            (2) by striking the semicolon and inserting ``, except that 
        in the case of a person who makes contributions aggregating at 
        least $50 but not more than $200 during the calendar year, the 
        identification need include only the name and address of the 
        person;''.

SEC. 305. USE OF CANDIDATES' NAMES.

    Section 302(e) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(4)(A) The name of each authorized committee shall 
        include the name of the candidate who authorized the committee 
        under paragraph (1).
            ``(B) A political committee that is not an authorized 
        committee shall not--
                            ``(i) include the name of any candidate in 
                        its name; or
                            ``(ii) except in the case of a national, 
                        State, or local party committee, use the name 
                        of any candidate in any activity on behalf of 
                        the committee in such a context as to suggest 
                        that the committee is an authorized committee 
                        of the candidate or that the use of the 
                        candidate's name has been authorized by the 
                        candidate.''.

SEC. 306. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 322 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441h) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``Sec. 322.'' the following: ``(a) 
        In General.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Solicitation of Contributions.--No person shall solicit 
contributions by falsely representing himself or herself as a candidate 
or as a representative of a candidate, a political committee, or a 
political party.''.

SEC. 307. SOFT MONEY OF PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITICAL PARTIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) (as amended by section 103(c) and section 203) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Disbursements of Persons Other Than Political Parties.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person, other than a political 
        committee or a person described in section 501(d) of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that makes an aggregate amount 
        of disbursements in excess of $50,000 during a calendar year 
        for activities described in paragraph (2) shall file a 
        statement with the Commission--
                    ``(A) on a monthly basis as described in subsection 
                (a)(4)(B); or
                    ``(B) in the case of disbursements that are made 
                within 20 days of an election, within 24 hours after 
                the disbursements are made.
            ``(2) Activity.--The activity described in this paragraph 
        is--
                    ``(A) Federal election activity;
                    ``(B) an activity described in section 316(b)(2)(A) 
                that expresses support for or opposition to a candidate 
                for Federal office or a political party; and
                    ``(C) an activity described in subparagraph (C) of 
                section 316(b)(2).
            ``(3) Applicability.--This subsection does not apply to--
                    ``(A) a candidate or a candidate's authorized 
                committees; or
                    ``(B) an independent expenditure.
            ``(4) Contents.--A statement under this section shall 
        contain such information about the disbursements made during 
        the reporting period as the Commission shall prescribe, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the aggregate amount of disbursements made;
                    ``(B) the name and address of the person or entity 
                to whom a disbursement is made in an aggregate amount 
                in excess of $200;
                    ``(C) the date made, amount, and purpose of the 
                disbursement; and
                    ``(D) if applicable, whether the disbursement was 
                in support of, or in opposition to, a candidate or a 
                political party, and the name of the candidate or the 
                political party.''.
    (b) Definition of Generic Campaign Activity.--Section 301 of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) (as 
amended by section 201(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(21) Generic campaign activity.--The term `generic campaign 
activity' means an activity that promotes a political party and does 
not promote a candidate or non-Federal candidate.''.

SEC. 308. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING.

    Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Whenever'' and inserting 
                        ``Whenever a political committee makes a 
                        disbursement for the purpose of financing any 
                        communication through any broadcasting station, 
                        newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising 
                        facility, mailing, or any other type of general 
                        public political advertising, or whenever'';
                            (ii) by striking ``an expenditure'' and 
                        inserting ``a disbursement''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``direct''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``and permanent 
                street address'' after ``name''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) be of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by 
        the recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) be contained in a printed box set apart from the 
        other contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) be printed with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d)(1) Any communication described in paragraphs (1) or (2) of 
subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio or television shall 
include, in addition to the requirements of that paragraph, an audio 
statement by the candidate that identifies the candidate and states 
that the candidate has approved the communication.
    ``(2) If a communication described in paragraph (1) is transmitted 
through television, the communication shall include, in addition to the 
audio statement under paragraph (1), a written statement that--
            ``(A) appears at the end of the communication in a clearly 
        readable manner with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement, for a period 
        of at least 4 seconds; and
            ``(B) is accompanied by a clearly identifiable photographic 
        or similar image of the candidate.
    ``(e) Any communication described in paragraph (3) of subsection 
(a) which is transmitted through radio or television shall include, in 
addition to the requirements of that paragraph, in a clearly spoken 
manner, the following statement: `________________ is responsible for 
the content of this advertisement.' (with the blank to be filled in 
with the name of the political committee or other person paying for the 
communication and the name of any connected organization of the payor). 
If transmitted through television, the statement shall also appear in a 
clearly readable manner with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
between the background and the printed statement, for a period of at 
least 4 seconds.''.

                    TITLE IV--PERSONAL WEALTH OPTION

SEC. 401. VOLUNTARY PERSONAL FUNDS EXPENDITURE LIMIT.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by section 101, is further amended by adding 
at the end the following new section:

              ``voluntary personal funds expenditure limit

    ``Sec. 324. (a) Eligible Congressional Candidate.--
            ``(1) Primary election.--
                    ``(A) Declaration.--A candidate for election for 
                Senator or Representative in or Delegate or Resident 
                Commissioner to the Congress is an eligible primary 
                election Congressional candidate if the candidate files 
                with the Commission a declaration that the candidate 
                and the candidate's authorized committees will not make 
                expenditures in excess of the personal funds 
                expenditure limit.
                    ``(B) Time to file.--The declaration under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be filed not later than the date 
                on which the candidate files with the appropriate State 
                officer as a candidate for the primary election.
            ``(2) General election.--
                    ``(A) Declaration.--A candidate for election for 
                Senator or Representative in or Delegate or Resident 
                Commissioner to the Congress is an eligible general 
                election Congressional candidate if the candidate files 
                with the Commission--
                            ``(i) a declaration under penalty of 
                        perjury, with supporting documentation as 
                        required by the Commission, that the candidate 
                        and the candidate's authorized committees did 
                        not exceed the personal funds expenditure limit 
                        in connection with the primary election; and
                            ``(ii) a declaration that the candidate and 
                        the candidate's authorized committees will not 
                        make expenditures in excess of the personal 
                        funds expenditure limit.
                    ``(B) Time to file.--The declaration under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be filed not later than 7 days 
                after the earlier of--
                            ``(i) the date on which the candidate 
                        qualifies for the general election ballot under 
                        State law; or
                            ``(ii) if under State law, a primary or 
                        run-off election to qualify for the general 
                        election ballot occurs after September 1, the 
                        date on which the candidate wins the primary or 
                        runoff election.
    ``(b) Personal Funds Expenditure Limit.--
            ``(1) In general.--The aggregate amount of expenditures 
        that may be made in connection with an election by an eligible 
        Congressional candidate or the candidate's authorized 
        committees from the sources described in paragraph (2) shall 
        not exceed $50,000.
            ``(2) Sources.--A source is described in this paragraph if 
        the source is--
                    ``(A) personal funds of the candidate and members 
                of the candidate's immediate family; or
                    ``(B) proceeds of indebtedness incurred by the 
                candidate or a member of the candidate's immediate 
                family.
    ``(c) Certification by the Commission.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall determine whether a 
        candidate has met the requirements of this section and, based 
        on the determination, issue a certification stating whether the 
        candidate is an eligible Congressional candidate.
            ``(2) Time for certification.--Not later than 7 business 
        days after a candidate files a declaration under paragraph (1) 
        or (2) of subsection (a), the Commission shall certify whether 
        the candidate is an eligible Congressional candidate.
            ``(3) Revocation.--The Commission shall revoke a 
        certification under paragraph (1), based on information 
        submitted in such form and manner as the Commission may require 
        or on information that comes to the Commission by other means, 
        if the Commission determines that a candidate violates the 
        personal funds expenditure limit.
            ``(4) Determinations by commission.--A determination made 
        by the Commission under this subsection shall be final, except 
        to the extent that the determination is subject to examination 
        and audit by the Commission and to judicial review.
    ``(d) Penalty.--If the Commission revokes the certification of an 
eligible Congressional candidate--
            ``(1) the Commission shall notify the candidate of the 
        revocation; and
            ``(2) the candidate and a candidate's authorized committees 
        shall pay to the Commission an amount equal to the amount of 
        expenditures made by a national committee of a political party 
        or a State committee of a political party in connection with 
        the general election campaign of the candidate under section 
        315(d).''.

SEC. 402. POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEE COORDINATED EXPENDITURES.

    Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(d)) (as amended by section 204) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(5) This subsection does not apply to expenditures made in 
connection with the general election campaign of a candidate for 
Senator or Representative in or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to 
the Congress who is not an eligible Congressional candidate (as defined 
in section 324(a)).''.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 501. CODIFICATION OF BECK DECISION.

    Section 8 of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 158) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Nonunion Member Payments to Labor Organization.--
            ``(1) In general.--It shall be an unfair labor practice for 
        any labor organization which receives a payment from an 
        employee pursuant to an agreement that requires employees who 
        are not members of the organization to make payments to such 
        organization in lieu of organization dues or fees not to 
        establish and implement the objection procedure described in 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Objection procedure.--The objection procedure 
        required under paragraph (1) shall meet the following 
        requirements:
                    ``(A) The labor organization shall annually provide 
                to employees who are covered by such agreement but are 
                not members of the organization--
                            ``(i) reasonable personal notice of the 
                        objection procedure, the employees eligible to 
                        invoke the procedure, and the time, place, and 
                        manner for filing an objection; and
                            ``(ii) reasonable opportunity to file an 
                        objection to paying for organization 
                        expenditures supporting political activities 
                        unrelated to collective bargaining, including 
                        but not limited to the opportunity to file such 
                        objection by mail.
                    ``(B) If an employee who is not a member of the 
                labor organization files an objection under the 
                procedure in subparagraph (A), such organization 
                shall--
                            ``(i) reduce the payments in lieu of 
                        organization dues or fees by such employee by 
                        an amount which reasonably reflects the ratio 
                        that the organization's expenditures supporting 
                        political activities unrelated to collective 
                        bargaining bears to such organization's total 
                        expenditures; and
                            ``(ii) provide such employee with a 
                        reasonable explanation of the organization's 
                        calculation of such reduction, including 
                        calculating the amount of organization 
                        expenditures supporting political activities 
                        unrelated to collective bargaining.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this subsection, the term 
        `expenditures supporting political activities unrelated to 
        collective bargaining' means expenditures in connection with a 
        Federal, State, or local election or in connection with efforts 
        to influence legislation unrelated to collective bargaining.''.

SEC. 502. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by striking section 313 and inserting the 
following:

           ``use of contributed amounts for certain purposes

    ``Sec. 313. (a) Permitted Uses.--A contribution accepted by a 
candidate, and any other amount received by an individual as support 
for activities of the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be 
used by the candidate or individual--
            ``(1) for expenditures in connection with the campaign for 
        Federal office of the candidate or individual;
            ``(2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in 
        connection with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal 
        office;
            ``(3) for contributions to an organization described in 
        section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
            ``(4) for transfers to a national, State, or local 
        committee of a political party.
    ``(b) Prohibited Use.--
            ``(1) In general.--A contribution or amount described in 
        subsection (a) shall not be converted by any person to personal 
        use.
            ``(2) Conversion.--For the purposes of paragraph (1), a 
        contribution or amount shall be considered to be converted to 
        personal use if the contribution or amount is used to fulfill 
        any commitment, obligation, or expense of a person that would 
        exist irrespective of the candidate's election campaign or 
        individual's duties as a holder of Federal officeholder, 
        including--
                    ``(A) a home mortgage, rent, or utility payment;
                    ``(B) a clothing purchase;
                    ``(C) a noncampaign-related automobile expense;
                    ``(D) a country club membership;
                    ``(E) a vacation or other noncampaign-related trip;
                    ``(F) a household food item;
                    ``(G) a tuition payment;
                    ``(H) admission to a sporting event, concert, 
                theater, or other form of entertainment not associated 
                with an election campaign; and
                    ``(I) dues, fees, and other payments to a health 
                club or recreational facility.''.

SEC. 503. LIMIT ON CONGRESSIONAL USE OF THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE.

    Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, United States Code, is amended by 
striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) A Member of Congress shall not mail any mass 
                mailing as franked mail during the 180-day period which 
                ends on the date of the general election for the office 
                held by the Member or during the 90-day period which 
                ends on the date of any primary election for that 
                office, unless the Member has made a public 
                announcement that the Member will not be a candidate 
                for reelection during that year or for election to any 
                other Federal office.''.

SEC. 504. PROHIBITION OF FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL PROPERTY.

    Section 607 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Prohibition.--
            ``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
        solicit or receive a donation of money or other thing of value 
        for a political committee or a candidate for Federal, State or 
        local office from a person who is located in a room or building 
        occupied in the discharge of official duties by an officer or 
        employee of the United States. An individual who is an officer 
        or employee of the Federal Government, including the President, 
        Vice President, and Members of Congress, shall not solicit a 
        donation of money or other thing of value for a political 
        committee or candidate for Federal, State or local office, 
        while in any room or building occupied in the discharge of 
        official duties by an officer or employee of the United States, 
        from any person.
            ``(2) Penalty.--A person who violates this section shall be 
        fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned more than 3 years, or 
        both.''; and
            (2) by inserting in subsection (b) after ``Congress'' ``or 
        Executive Office of the President''.

SEC. 505. PENALTIES FOR KNOWING AND WILLFUL VIOLATIONS.

    (a) Increased Penalties.--Section 309(a) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraphs (5)(A), (6)(A), and (6)(B), by striking 
        ``$5,000'' and inserting ``$10,000''; and
            (2) in paragraphs (5)(B) and (6)(C), by striking ``$10,000 
        or an amount equal to 200 percent'' and inserting ``$20,000 or 
        an amount equal to 300 percent''.
    (b) Equitable Remedies.--Section 309(a)(5)(A) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)) is amended by 
striking the period at the end and inserting ``, and may include 
equitable remedies or penalties, including disgorgement of funds to the 
Treasury or community service requirements (including requirements to 
participate in public education programs).''.
    (c) Automatic Penalty for Late Filing.--Section 309(a) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
            (1) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(13) Penalty for late filing.--
            ``(A) In general.--
                    ``(i) Monetary penalties.--The Commission shall 
                establish a schedule of mandatory monetary penalties 
                that shall be imposed by the Commission for failure to 
                meet a time requirement for filing under section 304.
                    ``(ii) Required filing.--In addition to imposing a 
                penalty, the Commission may require a report that has 
                not been filed within the time requirements of section 
                304 to be filed by a specific date.
                    ``(iii) Procedure.--A penalty or filing requirement 
                imposed under this paragraph shall not be subject to 
                paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or (12).
            ``(B) Filing an exception.--
                    ``(i) Time to file.--A political committee shall 
                have 30 days after the imposition of a penalty or 
                filing requirement by the Commission under this 
                paragraph in which to file an exception with the 
                Commission.
                    ``(ii) Time for commission to rule.--Within 30 days 
                after receiving an exception, the Commission shall make 
                a determination that is a final agency action subject 
                to exclusive review by the United States Court of 
                Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit under 
                section 706 of title 5, United States Code, upon 
                petition filed in that court by the political committee 
                or treasurer that is the subject of the agency action, 
                if the petition is filed within 30 days after the date 
                of the Commission action for which review is sought.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5)(D)--
                    (A) by inserting after the first sentence the 
                following: ``In any case in which a penalty or filing 
                requirement imposed on a political committee or 
                treasurer under paragraph (13) has not been satisfied, 
                the Commission may institute a civil action for 
                enforcement under paragraph (6)(A).''; and
                    (B) by inserting before the period at the end of 
                the last sentence the following: ``or has failed to pay 
                a penalty or meet a filing requirement imposed under 
                paragraph (13)''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ``paragraph (4)(A)'' 
        and inserting ``paragraph (4)(A) or (13)''.

SEC. 506. BAN ON CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS BY NONCITIZENS.

    (a) In General.--Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended to read as follows:

              ``contributions and donations by noncitizens

    ``Sec. 319. (a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for--
            ``(1) a noncitizen, directly or indirectly, to make--
                    ``(A) a donation of money or other thing of value, 
                or to promise expressly or impliedly to make a 
                donation, in connection with a Federal, State, or local 
                election to a political committee or a candidate for 
                Federal office; or
                    ``(B) a contribution or donation to a committee of 
                a political party; or
            ``(2) a person to solicit, accept, or receive a 
        contribution or donation described in paragraph (1) from a 
        noncitizen.
    ``(b) Treatment of Nationals of the United States.--For purposes of 
subsection (a), a `noncitizen' of the United States does not include a 
national of the United States (as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act).''.
    (b) Prohibiting Use of Willful Blindness as Defense Against Charge 
of Violating Foreign Contribution Ban.--
            (1) In general.--Section 319 of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection 
                (c); and
                    (B) by inserting after subsection (a) the following 
                new subsection:
    ``(b) It shall not be a defense to a violation of subsection (a) 
that the defendant did not know that the contribution originated from a 
foreign national if the defendant should have known that the 
contribution originated from a foreign national, except that the trier 
of fact may not find that the defendant should have known that the 
contribution originated from a foreign national solely because of the 
name of the contributor.''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
        shall apply with respect to violations occurring on or after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 507. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101 and 401, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following new section:

                ``prohibition of contributions by minors

    ``Sec. 325. An individual who is 17 years old or younger shall not 
make a contribution to a candidate or a contribution or donation to a 
committee of a political party.''.

SEC. 508. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES.

    (a) In General.--Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) (as amended by section 505(c)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(14)(A) If the complaint in a proceeding was filed within 60 days 
preceding the date of a general election, the Commission may take 
action described in this subparagraph.
    ``(B) If the Commission determines, on the basis of facts alleged 
in the complaint and other facts available to the Commission, that 
there is clear and convincing evidence that a violation of this Act has 
occurred, is occurring, or is about to occur, the Commission may order 
expedited proceedings, shortening the time periods for proceedings 
under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) as necessary to allow the 
matter to be resolved in sufficient time before the election to avoid 
harm or prejudice to the interests of the parties.
    ``(C) If the Commission determines, on the basis of facts alleged 
in the complaint and other facts available to the Commission, that the 
complaint is clearly without merit, the Commission may--
            ``(i) order expedited proceedings, shortening the time 
        periods for proceedings under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) 
        as necessary to allow the matter to be resolved in sufficient 
        time before the election to avoid harm or prejudice to the 
        interests of the parties; or
            ``(ii) if the Commission determines that there is 
        insufficient time to conduct proceedings before the election, 
        summarily dismiss the complaint.''.
    (b) Referral to Attorney General.--Section 309(a)(5) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)) is amended by 
striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:
    ``(C) The Commission may at any time, by an affirmative vote of at 
least 4 of its members, refer a possible violation of this Act or 
chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to the Attorney 
General of the United States, without regard to any limitation set 
forth in this section.''.

SEC. 509. INITIATION OF ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDING.

    Section 309(a)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``reason to believe that'' 
and inserting ``reason to investigate whether''.

SEC. 510. PROTECTING EQUAL PARTICIPATION OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS IN 
              CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101, 401, and 507, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

 ``protecting equal participation of eligible voters in campaigns and 
                               elections

    ``Sec. 326. (a) In General.--Nothing in this Act may be construed 
to prohibit any individual eligible to vote in an election for Federal 
office from making contributions or expenditures in support of a 
candidate for such an election (including voluntary contributions or 
expenditures made through a separate segregated fund established by the 
individual's employer or labor organization) or otherwise participating 
in any campaign for such an election in the same manner and to the same 
extent as any other individual eligible to vote in an election for such 
office.
    ``(b) No Effect on Geographic Restrictions on Contributions.--
Subsection (a) may not be construed to affect any restriction under 
this title regarding the portion of contributions accepted by a 
candidate from persons residing in a particular geographic area.''.

SEC. 511. PROHIBITING NONCITIZEN INDIVIDUALS FROM MAKING CONTRIBUTIONS 
              IN CONNECTION WITH FEDERAL ELECTIONS.

    (a) Prohibition Applicable To All Individuals Who Are Not Citizens 
or Nationals of the United States.--Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(b)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``and who is not lawfully admitted'' and all that follows and 
inserting the following: ``or a national of the United States (as 
defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply with respect to contributions or expenditures made on or after 
the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 512. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF PROHIBITION AGAINST FOREIGN 
              CONTRIBUTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), notwithstanding any 
other provision of this title any person who violates subsection (a) 
shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may not be more than 
10 years, fined in an amount not to exceed $1,000,000, or both.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to any violation 
of subsection (a) arising from a contribution or donation made by an 
individual who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined 
in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to violations occurring on or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 513. EXPEDITED COURT REVIEW OF CERTAIN ALLEGED VIOLATIONS OF 
              FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971.

    (a) In General.--Section 309 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if a 
candidate (or the candidate's authorized committee) believes that a 
violation described in paragraph (2) has been committed with respect to 
an election during the 90-day period preceding the date of the 
election, the candidate or committee may institute a civil action on 
behalf of the Commission for relief (including injunctive relief) 
against the alleged violator in the same manner and under the same 
terms and conditions as an action instituted by the Commission under 
subsection (a)(6), except that the court involved shall issue a 
decision regarding the action as soon as practicable after the action 
is instituted and to the greatest extent possible issue the decision 
prior to the date of the election involved.
    ``(2) A violation described in this paragraph is a violation of 
this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 relating to--
            ``(A) whether a contribution is in excess of an applicable 
        limit or is otherwise prohibited under this Act; or
            ``(B) whether an expenditure is an independent expenditure 
        under section 301(17).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to elections occurring after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 514. CONSPIRACY TO VIOLATE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING LIMITS.

    (a) In General.--Section 9003 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(g) Prohibiting Conspiracy to Violate Limits.--
            ``(1) Violation of limits described.--If a candidate for 
        election to the office of President or Vice President who 
        receives amounts from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund 
        under chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or 
        the agent of such a candidate, seeks to avoid the spending 
        limits applicable to the candidate under such chapter or under 
        the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 by soliciting, 
        receiving, transferring, or directing funds from any source 
        other than such Fund for the direct or indirect benefit of such 
        candidate's campaign, such candidate or agent shall be fined 
        not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned for a term of not more 
        than 3 years, or both.
            ``(2) Conspiracy to violate limits defined.--If two or more 
        persons conspire to violate paragraph (1), and one or more of 
        such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, 
        each shall be fined not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned for 
        a term of not more than 3 years, or both.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
with respect to elections occurring on or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 515. DEPOSIT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS IN TREASURY 
              ACCOUNT.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101, 401, 507, and 
510, is further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

 ``treatment of certain contributions and donations to be returned to 
                                 donors

    ``Sec. 327. (a) Transfer to Commission.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        this Act, if a political committee intends to return any 
        contribution or donation given to the political committee, the 
        committee shall transfer the contribution or donation to the 
        Commission if--
                    ``(A) the contribution or donation is in an amount 
                equal to or greater than $500 (other than a 
                contribution or donation returned within 60 days of 
                receipt by the committee); or
                    ``(B) the contribution or donation was made in 
                violation of section 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, or 325 
                (other than a contribution or donation returned within 
                30 days of receipt by the committee).
            ``(2) Information included with transferred contribution or 
        donation.--A political committee shall include with any 
        contribution or donation transferred under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) a request that the Commission return the 
                contribution or donation to the person making the 
                contribution or donation; and
                    ``(B) information regarding the circumstances 
                surrounding the making of the contribution or donation 
                and any opinion of the political committee concerning 
                whether the contribution or donation may have been made 
                in violation of this Act.
            ``(3) Establishment of escrow account.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Commission shall establish a 
                single interest-bearing escrow account for deposit of 
                amounts transferred under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Disposition of amounts received.--On 
                receiving an amount from a political committee under 
                paragraph (1), the Commission shall--
                            ``(i) deposit the amount in the escrow 
                        account established under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) notify the Attorney General and the 
                        Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service of 
                        the receipt of the amount from the political 
                        committee.
                    ``(C) Use of interest.--Interest earned on amounts 
                in the escrow account established under subparagraph 
                (A) shall be applied or used for the same purposes as 
                the donation or contribution on which it is earned.
            ``(4) Treatment of returned contribution or donation as a 
        complaint.--The transfer of any contribution or donation to the 
        Commission under this section shall be treated as the filing of 
        a complaint under section 309(a).
    ``(b) Use of Amounts Placed in Escrow To Cover Fines and 
Penalties.--The Commission or the Attorney General may require any 
amount deposited in the escrow account under subsection (a)(3) to be 
applied toward the payment of any fine or penalty imposed under this 
Act or title 18, United States Code, against the person making the 
contribution or donation.
    ``(c) Return of Contribution or Donation After Deposit in Escrow.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall return a 
        contribution or donation deposited in the escrow account under 
        subsection (a)(3) to the person making the contribution or 
        donation if--
                    ``(A) within 180 days after the date the 
                contribution or donation is transferred, the Commission 
                has not made a determination under section 309(a)(2) 
                that the Commission has reason to investigate whether 
                that the making of the contribution or donation was 
                made in violation of this Act; or
                    ``(B)(i) the contribution or donation will not be 
                used to cover fines, penalties, or costs pursuant to 
                subsection (b); or
                    ``(ii) if the contribution or donation will be used 
                for those purposes, that the amounts required for those 
                purposes have been withdrawn from the escrow account 
                and subtracted from the returnable contribution or 
                donation.
            ``(2) No effect on status of investigation.--The return of 
        a contribution or donation by the Commission under this 
        subsection shall not be construed as having an effect on the 
        status of an investigation by the Commission or the Attorney 
        General of the contribution or donation or the circumstances 
        surrounding the contribution or donation, or on the ability of 
        the Commission or the Attorney General to take future actions 
        with respect to the contribution or donation.''.
    (b) Amounts Used to Determine Amount of Penalty for Violation.--
Section 309(a) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended by inserting 
after paragraph (9) the following new paragraph:
    ``(10) For purposes of determining the amount of a civil penalty 
imposed under this subsection for violations of section 326, the amount 
of the donation involved shall be treated as the amount of the 
contribution involved.''.
    (c) Donation Defined.--Section 301 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 431), as 
amended by sections 201(b) and 307(b), is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(22) Donation.--The term `donation' means a gift, subscription, 
loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything else of value made by 
any person to a national committee of a political party or a Senatorial 
or Congressional Campaign Committee of a national political party for 
any purpose, but does not include a contribution (as defined in 
paragraph (8)).''.
    (d) Disgorgement Authority.--Section 309 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 
437g) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(e) Any conciliation agreement, civil action, or criminal action 
entered into or instituted under this section may require a person to 
forfeit to the Treasury any contribution, donation, or expenditure that 
is the subject of the agreement or action for transfer to the 
Commission for deposit in accordance with section 326.''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), 
and (c) shall apply to contributions or donations refunded on or after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to whether the 
Federal Election Commission or Attorney General has issued regulations 
to carry out section 326 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(as added by subsection (a)) by such date.

SEC. 516. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CLEARINGHOUSE OF INFORMATION ON POLITICAL 
              ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.

    (a) Establishment.--There shall be established within the Federal 
Election Commission a clearinghouse of public information regarding the 
political activities of foreign principals and agents of foreign 
principals. The information comprising this clearinghouse shall include 
only the following:
            (1) All registrations and reports filed pursuant to the 
        Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) during 
        the preceding 5-year period.
            (2) All registrations and reports filed pursuant to the 
        Foreign Agents Registration Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611 et 
        seq.), during the preceding 5-year period.
            (3) The listings of public hearings, hearing witnesses, and 
        witness affiliations printed in the Congressional Record during 
        the preceding 5-year period.
            (4) Public information disclosed pursuant to the rules of 
        the Senate or the House of Representatives regarding honoraria, 
        the receipt of gifts, travel, and earned and unearned income.
            (5) All reports filed pursuant to title I of the Ethics in 
        Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) during the preceding 5-
        year period.
            (6) All public information filed with the Federal Election 
        Commission pursuant to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
        1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) during the preceding 5-year period.
    (b) Disclosure of Other Information Prohibited.--The disclosure by 
the clearinghouse, or any officer or employee thereof, of any 
information other than that set forth in subsection (a) is prohibited, 
except as otherwise provided by law.
    (c) Director of Clearinghouse.--
            (1) Duties.--The clearinghouse shall have a Director, who 
        shall administer and manage the responsibilities and all 
        activities of the clearinghouse. In carrying out such duties, 
        the Director shall--
                    (A) develop a filing, coding, and cross-indexing 
                system to carry out the purposes of this section (which 
                shall include an index of all persons identified in the 
                reports, registrations, and other information 
                comprising the clearinghouse);
                    (B) notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
                make copies of registrations, reports, and other 
                information comprising the clearinghouse available for 
                public inspection and copying, beginning not later than 
                30 days after the information is first available to the 
                public, and permit copying of any such registration, 
                report, or other information by hand or by copying 
                machine or, at the request of any person, furnish a 
                copy of any such registration, report, or other 
                information upon payment of the cost of making and 
                furnishing such copy, except that no information 
                contained in such registration or report and no such 
                other information shall be sold or used by any person 
                for the purpose of soliciting contributions or for any 
                profit-making purpose; and
                    (C) not later than 150 days after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act and at any time thereafter, to 
                prescribe, in consultation with the Comptroller 
                General, such rules, regulations, and forms, in 
                conformity with the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, 
                United States Code, as are necessary to carry out the 
                provisions of this section in the most effective and 
                efficient manner.
            (2) Appointment.--The Director shall be appointed by the 
        Federal Election Commission.
            (3) Term of service.--The Director shall serve a single 
        term of a period of time determined by the Commission, but not 
        to exceed 5 years.
    (d) Penalties for Disclosure of Information.--Any person who 
discloses information in violation of subsection (b), and any person 
who sells or uses information for the purpose of soliciting 
contributions or for any profit-making purpose in violation of 
subsection (c)(1)(B), shall be imprisoned for a period of not more than 
1 year, or fined in the amount provided in title 18, United States 
Code, or both.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to conduct the activities of 
the clearinghouse.
    (f) Foreign Principal.--Foreign principal shall have the same 
meaning given the term ``foreign national'' in section 441e of title 2, 
United States Code, as that term was defined on July 31, 1998.

SEC. 517. PERMITTING PERMANENT RESIDENT ALIENS SERVING IN ARMED FORCES 
              TO MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441e) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, an 
individual who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined 
in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act) and who 
is a member of the Armed Forces (including a reserve component of the 
Armed Forces) shall not be subject to the prohibition under this 
section.''.

SEC. 518. ENFORCEMENT OF SPENDING LIMIT ON PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE 
              PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE PUBLIC FINANCING.

    (a) In General.--Section 9003 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(f) Illegal Solicitation of Soft Money.--No candidate for 
election to the office of President or Vice President may receive 
amounts from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund under this chapter 
or chapter 96 unless the candidate certifies that the candidate shall 
not solicit any funds for the purposes of influencing such election, 
including any funds used for an independent expenditure under the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, unless the funds are subject to 
the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
with respect to elections occurring on or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

 TITLE VI--SEVERABILITY; CONSTITUTIONALITY; EFFECTIVE DATE; REGULATIONS

SEC. 601. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, 
is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and 
amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the 
holding.

SEC. 602. REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    An appeal may be taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United 
States from any final judgment, decree, or order issued by any court 
ruling on the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
amendment made by this Act.

SEC. 603. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act take effect January 1, 1999.

SEC. 604. REGULATIONS.

    The Federal Election Commission shall prescribe any regulations 
required to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

      TITLE VII--INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM

SEC. 701. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE OF COMMISSION.

    There is established a commission to be known as the ``Independent 
Commission on Campaign Finance Reform'' (referred to in this title as 
the ``Commission''). The purposes of the Commission are to study the 
laws relating to the financing of political activity and to report and 
recommend legislation to reform those laws.

SEC. 702. MEMBERSHIP OF COMMISSION.

    (a) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 12 members 
appointed within 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act by 
the President from among individuals who are not incumbent Members of 
Congress and who are specially qualified to serve on the Commission by 
reason of education, training, or experience.
    (b) Appointment.--
            (1) In general.--Members shall be appointed as follows:
                    (A) Three members (one of whom shall be a political 
                independent) shall be appointed from among a list of 
                nominees submitted by the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives.
                    (B) Three members (one of whom shall be a political 
                independent) shall be appointed from among a list of 
                nominees submitted by the majority leader of the 
                Senate.
                    (C) Three members (one of whom shall be a political 
                independent) shall be appointed from among a list of 
                nominees submitted by the minority leader of the House 
                of Representatives.
                    (D) Three members (one of whom shall be a political 
                independent) shall be appointed from among a list of 
                nominees submitted by the minority leader of the 
                Senate.
            (2) Failure to submit list of nominees.--If an official 
        described in any of the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) fails to 
        submit a list of nominees to the President during the 15-day 
        period which begins on the date of the enactment of this Act--
                    (A) such subparagraph shall no longer apply; and
                    (B) the President shall appoint three members (one 
                of whom shall be a political independent) who meet the 
                requirements described in subsection (a) and such other 
                criteria as the President may apply.
            (3) Political independent defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``political independent'' means an individual who at no 
        time after January 1992--
                    (A) has held elective office as a member of the 
                Democratic or Republican party;
                    (B) has received any wages or salary from the 
                Democratic or Republican party or from a Democratic or 
                Republican party office-holder or candidate; or
                    (C) has provided substantial volunteer services or 
                made any substantial contribution to the Democratic or 
                Republican party or to a Democratic or Republican party 
                office-holder or candidate.
    (c) Chairman.--At the time of the appointment, the President shall 
designate one member of the Commission as Chairman of the Commission.
    (d) Terms.--The members of the Commission shall serve for the life 
of the Commission.
    (e) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the 
manner in which the original appointment was made.
    (f) Political Affiliation.--Not more than four members of the 
Commission may be of the same political party.

SEC. 703. POWERS OF COMMISSION.

    (a) Hearings.--The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out 
this title, hold hearings, sit and act at times and places, take 
testimony, and receive evidence as the Commission considers 
appropriate. In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Commission 
shall ensure that a substantial number of its meetings are open 
meetings, with significant opportunities for testimony from members of 
the general public.
    (b) Quorum.--Seven members of the Commission shall constitute a 
quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings. The approval of at least 
nine members of the Commission is required when approving all or a 
portion of the recommended legislation. Any member of the Commission 
may, if authorized by the Commission, take any action which the 
Commission is authorized to take under this section.

SEC. 704. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

    (a) Pay and Travel Expenses of Members.--(1) Each member of the 
Commission shall be paid at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the 
annual rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule 
under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day 
(including travel time) during which the member is engaged in the 
actual performance of duties vested in the Commission.
    (2) Members of the Commission shall receive travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 
5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
    (b) Staff Director.--The Commission shall, without regard to 
section 5311(b) of title 5, United States Code, appoint a staff 
director, who shall be paid at the rate of basic pay payable for level 
IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United 
States Code.
    (c) Staff of Commission; Services.--
            (1) In general.--With the approval of the Commission, the 
        staff director of the Commission may appoint and fix the pay of 
        additional personnel. The Director may make such appointments 
        without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States 
        Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and 
        any personnel so appointed may be paid without regard to the 
        provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of 
        that title relating to classification and General Schedule pay 
        rates, except that an individual so appointed may not receive 
        pay in excess of the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable 
        for grade GS-15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of 
        title 5, United States Code.
            (2) Experts and consultants.--The Commission may procure by 
        contract the temporary or intermittent services of experts or 
        consultants pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States 
        Code.

SEC. 705. REPORT AND RECOMMENDED LEGISLATION.

    (a) Report.--Not later than the expiration of the 180-day period 
which begins on the date on which the second session of the One Hundred 
Fifth Congress adjourns sine die, the Commission shall submit to the 
President, the Speaker and minority leader of the House of 
Representatives, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate a 
report of the activities of the Commission.
    (b) Recommendations; Draft of Legislation.--The report under 
subsection (a) shall include any recommendations for changes in the 
laws (including regulations) governing the financing of political 
activity (taking into account the provisions of this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act), including any changes in the rules of the 
Senate or the House of Representatives, to which nine or more members 
of the Commission may agree, together with drafts of--
            (1) any legislation (including technical and conforming 
        provisions) recommended by the Commission to implement such 
        recommendations; and
            (2) any proposed amendment to the Constitution recommended 
        by the Commission as necessary to implement such 
        recommendations, except that if the Commission includes such a 
        proposed amendment in its report, it shall also include 
        recommendations (and drafts) for legislation which may be 
        implemented prior to the adoption of such proposed amendment.
    (c) Goals of Recommendations and Legislation.--In making 
recommendations and preparing drafts of legislation under this section, 
the Commission shall consider the following to be its primary goals:
            (1) Encouraging fair and open Federal elections which 
        provide voters with meaningful information about candidates and 
        issues.
            (2) Eliminating the disproportionate influence of special 
        interest financing of Federal elections.
            (3) Creating a more equitable electoral system for 
        challengers and incumbents.

SEC. 706. EXPEDITED CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION OF LEGISLATION.

    (a) In General.--If any legislation is introduced the substance of 
which implements a recommendation of the Commission submitted under 
section 705(b) (including a joint resolution proposing an amendment to 
the Constitution), subject to subsection (b), the provisions of section 
2908 (other than subsection (a)) of the Defense Base Closure and 
Realignment Act of 1990 shall apply to the consideration of the 
legislation in the same manner as such provisions apply to a joint 
resolution described in section 2908(a) of such Act.
    (b) Special Rules.--For purposes of applying subsection (a) with 
respect to such provisions, the following rules shall apply:
            (1) Any reference to the Committee on Armed Services of the 
        House of Representatives shall be deemed a reference to the 
        Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives 
        and any reference to the Committee on Armed Services of the 
        Senate shall be deemed a reference to the Committee on Rules 
        and Administration of the Senate.
            (2) Any reference to the date on which the President 
        transmits a report shall be deemed a reference to the date on 
        which the recommendation involved is submitted under section 
        705(b).
            (3) Notwithstanding subsection (d)(2) of section 2908 of 
        such Act--
                    (A) debate on the legislation in the House of 
                Representatives, and on all debatable motions and 
                appeals in connection with the legislation, shall be 
                limited to not more than 10 hours, divided equally 
                between those favoring and those opposing the 
                legislation;
                    (B) debate on the legislation in the Senate, and on 
                all debatable motions and appeals in connection with 
                the legislation, shall be limited to not more than 10 
                hours, divided equally between those favoring and those 
                opposing the legislation; and
                    (C) debate in the Senate on any single debatable 
                motion and appeal in connection with the legislation 
                shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, divided 
                equally between the mover and the manager of the bill 
                (except that in the event the manager of the bill is in 
                favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in 
                opposition thereto shall be controlled by the minority 
                leader or his designee), and the majority and minority 
                leader may each allot additional time from time under 
                such leader's control to any Senator during the 
                consideration of any debatable motion or appeal.

SEC. 707. TERMINATION.

    The Commission shall cease to exist 90 days after the date of the 
submission of its report under section 705.

SEC. 708. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums 
as are necessary to carry out its duties under this title.

TITLE VIII--PROHIBITING USE OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 
                         POLITICAL FUNDRAISING

SEC. 801. PROHIBITING USE OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 
              POLITICAL FUNDRAISING.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 612. Prohibiting use of meals and accommodations at White House 
              for political fundraising
    ``(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to provide or offer to 
provide any meals or accommodations at the White House in exchange for 
any money or other thing of value, or as a reward for the provision of 
any money or other thing of value, in support of any political party or 
the campaign for electoral office of any candidate.
    ``(b) Any person who violates this section shall be fined under 
this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
    ``(c) For purposes of this section, any official residence or 
retreat of the President (including private residential areas and the 
grounds of such a residence or retreat) shall be treated as part of the 
White House.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 29 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new item:

``612. Prohibiting use of meals and accommodations at White House for 
                            political fundraising.''.

   TITLE IX--SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL 
                          GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

SEC. 901. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING APPLICABILITY OF CONTROLLING 
              LEGAL AUTHORITY TO FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 
              PROPERTY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) On March 2, 1997, the Washington Post reported that 
        Vice President Gore ``played the central role in soliciting 
        millions of dollars in campaign money for the Democratic Party 
        during the 1996 election'' and that he was known as the 
        administration's ``solicitor-in-chief''.
            (2) The next day, Vice President Gore held a nationally 
        televised press conference in which he admitted making numerous 
        calls from the White House in which he solicited campaign 
        contributions.
            (3) The Vice President said that there was ``no controlling 
        legal authority'' regarding the use of Federal Government 
        telephones and properties for the use of campaign fundraising.
            (4) Documents that the White House released reveal that 
        Vice President Gore made 86 fundraising calls from his White 
        House office, and these new records reveal that Vice President 
        Gore made 20 of these calls at taxpayer expense.
            (5) Section 641 of title 18, United States Code, 
        (prohibiting the conversion of Federal Government property to 
        personal use) clearly prohibits the use of Federal Government 
        property to raise campaign funds.
            (6) On its face, the conduct to which Vice President Gore 
        admitted appears to be a clear violation of section 607 of 
        title 18, United States Code, which makes it unlawful for ``any 
        person to solicit * * * any (campaign) contribution * * * in 
        any room or building occupied in the discharge of official 
        (government) duties''.
    (b) Sense of the Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that 
Federal law clearly demonstrates that ``controlling legal authority'' 
prohibits the use of Federal Government property to raise campaign 
funds.

 TITLE X--PROHIBITING SOLICITATION TO OBTAIN ACCESS TO CERTAIN FEDERAL 
                          GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

SEC. 1001. PROHIBITION AGAINST ACCEPTANCE OR SOLICITATION TO OBTAIN 
              ACCESS TO CERTAIN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROPERTY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 226. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain access to certain 
              Federal Government property
    ``Whoever solicits or receives anything of value in consideration 
of providing a person with access to Air Force One, Marine One, Air 
Force Two, Marine Two, the White House, or the Vice President's 
residence, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than 
one year, or both.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 11 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new item:

``226. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain access to certain Federal 
                            Government property.''.

    TITLE XI--REIMBURSEMENT FOR USE OF AIR FORCE ONE FOR POLITICAL 
                              FUNDRAISING

SEC. 1101. REQUIRING NATIONAL PARTIES TO REIMBURSE AT COST FOR USE OF 
              AIR FORCE ONE FOR POLITICAL FUNDRAISING.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101, 401, 507, 510, and 515, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

   ``reimbursement by political parties for use of air force one for 
                         political fundraising

    ``Sec. 328. (a) In General.--If the President, Vice President, or 
the head of any executive department (as defined in section 101 of 
title 5, United States Code) uses Air Force One for transportation for 
any travel which includes a fundraising event for the benefit of any 
political committee of a national political party, such political 
committee shall reimburse the Federal Government for the actual costs 
incurred as a result of the use of Air Force One for the transportation 
of the individual involved.
    ``(b) Air Force One Defined.--In subsection (a), the term `Air 
Force One' means the airplane operated by the Air Force which has been 
specially configured to carry out the mission of transporting the 
President.''.

           TITLE XII--PROHIBITING USE OF WALKING AROUND MONEY

SEC. 1201. PROHIBITING CAMPAIGNS FROM PROVIDING CURRENCY TO INDIVIDUALS 
              FOR PURPOSES OF ENCOURAGING TURNOUT ON DATE OF ELECTION.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101, 401, 507, 510, 515, and 1101, 
is further amended by adding at the end the following new section:

     ``prohibiting use of currency to promote election day turnout

    ``Sec. 329. It shall be unlawful for any political committee to 
provide currency to any person for purposes of carrying out activities 
on the date of an election to encourage or assist individuals to appear 
at the polling place for the election.''.

           TITLE XIII--ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT OF CAMPAIGN LAW

SEC. 1301. ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT OF CAMPAIGN FINANCE LAW.

    (a) Mandatory Imprisonment for Criminal Conduct.--Section 
309(d)(1)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
437g(d)(1)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence, by striking ``shall be fined, or 
        imprisoned for not more than one year, or both'' and inserting 
        ``shall be imprisoned for not fewer than 1 year and not more 
        than 10 years''; and
            (2) by striking the second sentence.
    (b) Concurrent Authority of Attorney General to Bring Criminal 
Actions.--Section 309(d) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(4) In addition to the authority to bring cases referred pursuant 
to subsection (a)(5), the Attorney General may at any time bring a 
criminal action for a violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 
96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to actions brought with respect to elections 
occurring after January 1999.

  TITLE XIV--BAN ON COORDINATED SOFT MONEY ACTIVITIES BY PRESIDENTIAL 
                               CANDIDATES

SEC. 1401. BAN ON COORDINATION OF SOFT MONEY FOR ISSUE ADVOCACY BY 
              PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES RECEIVING PUBLIC FINANCING.

    (a) In General.--Section 9003 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(f) Ban on Coordination of Soft Money for Issue Advocacy.--
            ``(1) In general.--No candidate for election to the office 
        of President or Vice President who is certified to receive 
        amounts from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund under this 
        chapter or chapter 96 may coordinate the expenditure of any 
        funds for issue advocacy with any political party unless the 
        funds are subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and 
        reporting requirements of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
        1971.
            ``(2) Issue advocacy defined.--In this section, the term 
        `issue advocacy' means any activity carried out for the purpose 
        of influencing the consideration or outcome of any Federal 
        legislation or the issuance or outcome of any Federal 
        regulations, or educating individuals about candidates for 
        election for Federal office or any Federal legislation, law, or 
        regulations (without regard to whether the activity is carried 
        out for the purpose of influencing any election for Federal 
        office).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
with respect to elections occurring on or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

TITLE XV--POSTING NAMES OF CERTAIN AIR FORCE ONE PASSENGERS ON INTERNET

SEC. 1501. REQUIREMENT THAT NAMES OF PASSENGERS ON AIR FORCE ONE AND 
              AIR FORCE TWO BE MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE INTERNET.

    (a) In General.--The President shall make available through the 
Internet the name of any non-Government person who is a passenger on an 
aircraft designated as Air Force One or Air Force Two not later than 30 
days after the date that the person is a passenger on such aircraft.
    (b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in a case in which 
the President determines that compliance with such subsection would be 
contrary to the national security interests of the United States. In 
any such case, not later than 30 days after the date that the person 
whose name will not be made available through the Internet was a 
passenger on the aircraft, the President shall submit to the chairman 
and ranking member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of 
the House of Representatives and of the Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the Senate--
            (1) the name of the person; and
            (2) the justification for not making such name available 
        through the Internet.
    (c) Definition of Person.--As used in this Act, the term ``non-
Government person'' means a person who is not an officer or employee of 
the United States, a member of the Armed Forces, or a Member of 
Congress.

 TITLE XVI--EXPULSION PROCEEDINGS FOR HOUSE MEMBERS RECEIVING FOREIGN 
                             CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 1601. PERMITTING CONSIDERATION OF PRIVILEGED MOTION TO EXPEL HOUSE 
              MEMBER ACCEPTING ILLEGAL FOREIGN CONTRIBUTION.

    (a) In General.--If a Member of the House of Representatives is 
convicted of a violation of section 319 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (or any successor provision prohibiting the 
solicitation, receipt, or acceptance of a contribution from a foreign 
national), the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, shall 
immediately consider the conduct of the Member and shall make a report 
and recommendations to the House forthwith concerning that Member which 
may include a recommendation for expulsion.

            Passed the House of Representatives August 6, 1998.

            Attest:

                                                ROBIN H. CARLE,

                                                                 Clerk.