[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 46 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

  1st Session
                                 S. 46

  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
 Senate primary and general election campaigns, to limit contributions 
    by multicandidate political committees, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            January 4, 1995

 Mr. Feingold introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
         referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
 Senate primary and general election campaigns, to limit contributions 
    by multicandidate political committees, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF CAMPAIGN ACT; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Senate Campaign 
Financing and Spending Reform Act''.
    (b) Amendment of FECA.--When used in this Act, the term ``FECA'' 
means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.).
    (c) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of Campaign Act; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and declarations of the Senate.
          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

   Subtitle A--Senate Election Campaign Spending Limits and Benefits

Sec. 101. Senate spending limits and benefits.
Sec. 102. Ban on activities of political action committees in Federal 
                            elections.
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 104. Disclosure by noneligible candidates.
                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

Sec. 131. Broadcast rates and preemption.
Sec. 132. Extension of reduced third-class mailing rates to eligible 
                            Senate candidates.
Sec. 133. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 134. Campaign advertising amendments.
Sec. 135. Definitions.
Sec. 136. Provisions relating to franked mass mailings.
                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

Sec. 201. Clarification of definitions relating to independent 
                            expenditures.
                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Loans; Credit

Sec. 301. Personal contributions and loans.
Sec. 302. Extensions of credit.
   Subtitle B--Provisions Relating to Soft Money of Political Parties

Sec. 311. Reporting requirements.
                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 401. Contributions through intermediaries and conduits; 
                            prohibition on certain contributions by 
                            lobbyists.
Sec. 402. Contributions by dependents not of voting age.
Sec. 403. Contributions to candidates from State and local committees 
                            of political parties to be aggregated.
Sec. 404. Limited exclusion of advances by campaign workers from the 
                            definition of the term ``contribution''.
                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 501. Change in certain reporting from a calendar year basis to an 
                            election cycle basis.
Sec. 502. Personal and consulting services.
Sec. 503. Reduction in threshold for reporting of certain information 
                            by persons other than political committees.
Sec. 504. Computerized indices of contributions.
                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

Sec. 601. Use of candidates' names.
Sec. 602. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 603. Provisions relating to the general counsel of the Commission.
Sec. 604. Enforcement.
Sec. 605. Penalties.
Sec. 606. Random audits.
Sec. 607. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 608. Regulations relating to use of non-Federal money.
                        TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 701. Prohibition of leadership committees.
Sec. 702. Polling data contributed to candidates.
Sec. 703. Sense of the Senate that Congress should consider adoption of 
                            a joint resolution proposing an amendment 
                            to the Constitution that would empower 
                            Congress and the States to set reasonable 
                            limits on campaign expenditures.
Sec. 704. Personal use of campaign funds.
              TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

Sec. 801. Effective date.
Sec. 802. Severability.
Sec. 803. Expedited review of constitutional issues.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS OF THE SENATE.

    (a) Necessity for Spending Limits.--The Senate finds and declares 
that--
            (1) the current system of campaign finance has led to 
        public perceptions that political contributions and their 
        solicitation have unduly influenced the official conduct of 
        elected officials;
            (2) permitting candidates for Federal office to raise and 
        spend unlimited amounts of money constitutes a fundamental flaw 
        in the current system of campaign finance, and has undermined 
        public respect for the Senate as an institution;
            (3) the failure to limit campaign expenditures has caused 
        individuals elected to the Senate to spend an increasing 
        proportion of their time in office as elected officials raising 
        funds, interfering with the ability of the Senate to carry out 
        its constitutional responsibilities;
            (4) the failure to limit campaign expenditures has damaged 
        the Senate as an institution, due to the time lost to raising 
        funds for campaigns; and
            (5) to prevent the appearance of undue influence and to 
        restore public trust in the Senate as an institution, it is 
        necessary to limit campaign expenditures, through a system 
        which provides public benefits to candidates who agree to limit 
        campaign expenditures.
    (b) Necessity for Ban on Political Action Committees.--The Senate 
finds and declares that--
            (1) contributions by political action committees to 
        individual candidates have created the perception that 
        candidates are beholden to special interests, and leave 
        candidates open to charges of undue influence;
            (2) contributions by political action committees to 
        individual candidates have undermined public confidence in the 
        Senate as an institution; and
            (3) to restore public trust in the Senate as an 
        institution, responsive to individuals residing within the 
        respective States, it is necessary to encourage candidates to 
        raise most of their campaign funds from individuals residing 
        within those States.
    (c) Necessity for Attributing Cooperative Expenditures to 
Candidates.--The Senate finds and declares that--
            (1) public confidence and trust in the system of campaign 
        finance would be undermined should any candidate be able to 
        circumvent a system of caps on expenditures through cooperative 
        expenditures with outside individuals, groups, or 
        organizations;
            (2) cooperative expenditures by candidates with outside 
        individuals, groups, or organizations would severely undermine 
        the effectiveness of caps on campaign expenditures, unless they 
        are included within such caps; and
            (3) to maintain the integrity of the system of campaign 
        finance, expenditures by any individual, group, or organization 
        that have been made in cooperation with any candidate, 
        authorized committee, or agent of any candidate must be 
        attributed to that candidate's cap on campaign expenditures.

          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

   Subtitle A--Senate Election Campaign Spending Limits and Benefits

SEC. 101. SENATE SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS.

    (a) Amendment of FECA.--
            (1) In general.--FECA is amended by adding at the end the 
        following new title:

 ``TITLE V--SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS FOR SENATE ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

``SEC. 501. CANDIDATES ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE BENEFITS.

    ``(a) In General.--For purposes of this title, a candidate is an 
eligible Senate candidate if the candidate--
            ``(1) meets the primary and general election filing 
        requirements of subsections (b) and (c);
            ``(2) meets the primary and runoff election expenditure 
        limits of subsection (d); and
            ``(3) meets the threshold contribution requirements of 
        subsection (e).
    ``(b) Primary Filing Requirements.--(1) The requirements of this 
subsection are met if the candidate files with the Secretary of the 
Senate a declaration that--
            ``(A) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees--
                    ``(i)(I) will meet the primary and runoff election 
                expenditure limits of subsection (d); and
                    ``(II) will only accept contributions for the 
                primary and runoff elections which do not exceed such 
                limits;
                    ``(ii)(I) will meet the primary and runoff election 
                multicandidate political committee contribution limits 
                of subsection (f); and
                    ``(II) will only accept contributions for the 
                primary and runoff elections from multicandidate 
                political committees which do not exceed such limits; 
                and
                    ``(iii) will limit acceptance of contributions 
                during an election cycle from individuals residing 
                outside the candidate's State and multicandidate 
                political committees, combined, to less than 50 percent 
                of the aggregate amount of contributions accepted from 
                all contributors;
            ``(B) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees will meet the general election expenditure limit 
        under section 502(b); and
            ``(C) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees will meet the limitation on expenditures from 
        personal funds under section 502(a).
    ``(2) The declaration under paragraph (1) shall be filed not later 
than the date the candidate files as a candidate for the primary 
election.
    ``(c) General Election Filing Requirements.--(1) The requirements 
of this subsection are met if the candidate files a certification with 
the Secretary of the Senate under penalty of perjury that--
            ``(A) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees--
                    ``(i)(I) met the primary and runoff election 
                expenditure limits under subsection (d); and
                    ``(II) did not accept contributions for the primary 
                or runoff election in excess of the primary or runoff 
                expenditure limit under subsection (d), whichever is 
                applicable, reduced by any amounts transferred to this 
                election cycle from a preceding election cycle; and
                    ``(ii)(I) met the multicandidate political 
                committee contribution limits under subsection (f);
                    ``(II) did not accept contributions for the primary 
                or runoff election in excess of the multicandidate 
                political committee contribution limits under 
                subsection (f); and
                    ``(iii) will limit acceptance of contributions 
                during an election cycle from individuals residing 
                outside the candidate's State and multicandidate 
                political committees, combined, to less than 50 percent 
                of the aggregate amount of contributions accepted from 
                all contributors;
            ``(B) the candidate met the threshold contribution 
        requirement under subsection (e), and that only allowable 
        contributions were taken into account in meeting such 
        requirement;
            ``(C) at least one other candidate has qualified for the 
        same general election ballot under the law of the State 
        involved;
            ``(D) such candidate and the authorized committees of such 
        candidate--
                    ``(i) except as otherwise provided by this title, 
                will not make expenditures which exceed the general 
                election expenditure limit under section 502(b);
                    ``(ii) will not accept any contributions in 
                violation of section 315;
                    ``(iii) except as otherwise provided by this title, 
                will not accept any contribution for the general 
                election involved to the extent that such contribution 
                would cause the aggregate amount of such contributions 
                to exceed the sum of the amount of the general election 
                expenditure limit under section 502(b) and the amount 
                described in section 502(c), reduced by any amounts 
                transferred to the current election cycle from a 
                previous election cycle and not taken into account 
                under subparagraph (A)(ii);
                    ``(iv) will deposit all payments received under 
                this title in an account insured by the Federal Deposit 
                Insurance Corporation from which funds may be withdrawn 
                by check or similar means of payment to third parties;
                    ``(v) will furnish campaign records, evidence of 
                contributions, and other appropriate information to the 
                Commission; and
                    ``(vi) will cooperate in the case of any audit and 
                examination by the Commission under section 506; and
            ``(E) the candidate intends to make use of the benefits 
        provided under section 503.
    ``(2) The declaration under paragraph (1) shall be filed not later 
than 7 days after the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date the candidate qualifies for the general 
        election ballot under State law; or
            ``(B) if, under State law, a primary or runoff election to 
        qualify for the general election ballot occurs after September 
        1, the date the candidate wins the primary or runoff election.
    ``(d) Primary and Runoff Expenditure Limits.--(1) The requirements 
of this subsection are met if:
            ``(A) The candidate or the candidate's authorized 
        committees did not make expenditures for the primary election 
        in excess of the lesser of--
                    ``(i) 67 percent of the general election 
                expenditure limit under section 502(b); or
                    ``(ii) $2,750,000.
            ``(B) The candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees did not make expenditures for any runoff election in 
        excess of 20 percent of the general election expenditure limit 
        under section 502(b).
    ``(2) The limitations under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 
(1) with respect to any candidate shall be increased by the aggregate 
amount of independent expenditures in opposition to, or on behalf of 
any opponent of, such candidate during the primary or runoff election 
period, whichever is applicable, which are required to be reported to 
the Secretary of the Senate with respect to such period under section 
304(c).
    ``(3)(A) If the contributions received by the candidate or the 
candidate's authorized committees for the primary election or runoff 
election exceed the expenditures for either such election, such excess 
contributions shall be treated as contributions for the general 
election and expenditures for the general election may be made from 
such excess contributions.
    ``(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the extent that such 
treatment of excess contributions--
            ``(i) would result in the violation of any limitation under 
        section 315; or
            ``(ii) would cause the aggregate contributions received for 
        the general election to exceed the limits under subsection 
        (c)(1)(D)(iii).
    ``(e) Threshold Contribution Requirements.--(1) The requirements of 
this subsection are met if the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
committees have received allowable contributions during the applicable 
period in an amount at least equal to the lesser of--
            ``(A) 10 percent of the general election expenditure limit 
        under section 502(b); or
            ``(B) $250,000.
    ``(2) For purposes of this section and section 503(b)--
            ``(A) The term `allowable contributions' means 
        contributions which are made as gifts of money by an individual 
        pursuant to a written instrument identifying such individual as 
        the contributor.
            ``(B) The term `allowable contributions' shall not 
        include--
                    ``(i) contributions made directly or indirectly 
                through an intermediary or conduit which are treated as 
                made by such intermediary or conduit under section 
                315(a)(8)(B);
                    ``(ii) contributions from any individual during the 
                applicable period to the extent such contributions 
                exceed $250; or
                    ``(iii) contributions from individuals residing 
                outside the candidate's State to the extent such 
                contributions exceed 50 percent of the aggregate 
                allowable contributions (without regard to this clause) 
                received by the candidate during the applicable period.
        Clauses (ii) and (iii) shall not apply for purposes of section 
        503(b).
    ``(3) For purposes of this subsection and section 503(b), the term 
`applicable period' means--
            ``(A) the period beginning on January 1 of the calendar 
        year preceding the calendar year of the general election 
        involved and ending on--
                    ``(i) the date on which the certification under 
                subsection (c) is filed by the candidate; or
                    ``(ii) for purposes of section 503(b), the date of 
                such general election; or
            ``(B) in the case of a special election for the office of 
        United States Senator, the period beginning on the date the 
        vacancy in such office occurs and ending on the date of the 
        general election involved.
    ``(f) Multicandidate Political Committee Contribution Limits.--The 
requirements of this subsection are met if the candidate and the 
candidate's authorized committees have accepted from multicandidate 
political committees contributions that do not exceed--
            ``(1) during any period in which the limitation under 
        section 323 is in effect, zero dollars; and
            ``(2) during any other period--
                    ``(A) during the primary election period, an amount 
                equal to 20 percent of the primary election spending 
                limit under subsection (d)(1)(A); and
                    ``(B) during the runoff election period, an amount 
                equal to 20 percent of the runoff election spending 
                limit under subsection (d)(1)(B).
    ``(g) Indexing.--The $2,750,000 amount under subsection (d)(1) 
shall be increased as of the beginning of each calendar year beginning 
with calendar year 1998, based on the increase in the price index 
determined under section 315(c), except that, for purposes of 
subsection (d)(1), the base period shall be calendar year 1992.

``SEC. 502. LIMITATIONS ON EXPENDITURES.

    ``(a) Limitation on Use of Personal Funds.--(1) The aggregate 
amount of expenditures which may be made during an election cycle by an 
eligible Senate candidate or such candidate's authorized committees 
from the sources described in paragraph (2) shall not exceed $25,000.
    ``(2) A source is described in this paragraph if it is--
            ``(A) personal funds of the candidate and members of the 
        candidate's immediate family; or
            ``(B) personal debt incurred by the candidate and members 
        of the candidate's immediate family.
    ``(b) General Election Expenditure Limit.--(1) Except as otherwise 
provided in this title, the aggregate amount of expenditures for a 
general election by an eligible Senate candidate and the candidate's 
authorized committees shall not exceed the lesser of--
            ``(A) $5,500,000; or
            ``(B) the greater of--
                    ``(i) $950,000; or
                    ``(ii) $400,000; plus
                            ``(I) 30 cents multiplied by the voting age 
                        population not in excess of 4,000,000; and
                            ``(II) 25 cents multiplied by the voting 
                        age population in excess of 4,000,000.
    ``(2) In the case of an eligible Senate candidate in a State which 
has no more than 1 transmitter for a commercial Very High Frequency 
(VHF) television station licensed to operate in that State, paragraph 
(1)(B)(ii) shall be applied by substituting--
            ``(A) `80 cents' for `30 cents' in subclause (I); and
            ``(B) `70 cents' for `25 cents' in subclause (II).
    ``(3) The amount otherwise determined under paragraph (1) for any 
calendar year shall be increased by the same percentage as the 
percentage increase for such calendar year under section 501(f) 
(relating to indexing).
    ``(c) Payment of Taxes.--The limitation under subsection (b) shall 
not apply to any expenditure for Federal, State, or local taxes with 
respect to a candidate's authorized committees.
    ``(d) Expenditures.--For purposes of this title, the term 
`expenditure' has the meaning given such term by section 301(9), except 
that in determining any expenditures made by, or on behalf of, a 
candidate or a candidate's authorized committees, section 301(9)(B) 
shall be applied without regard to clause (ii) or (vi) thereof.

``SEC. 503. BENEFITS ELIGIBLE CANDIDATE ENTITLED TO RECEIVE.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible Senate candidate shall be entitled 
to--
            ``(1) the broadcast media rates provided under section 
        315(b) of the Communications Act of 1934;
            ``(2) the mailing rates provided in section 3626(e) of 
        title 39, United States Code; and
            ``(3) payments in the amounts determined under subsection 
        (b).
    ``(b) Amount of Payments.--(1) For purposes of subsection (a)(3), 
the amounts determined under this subsection are--
            ``(A) the public financing amount;
            ``(B) the independent expenditure amount; and
            ``(C) in the case of an eligible Senate candidate who has 
        an opponent in the general election who receives contributions, 
        or makes (or obligates to make) expenditures, for such election 
        in excess of the general election expenditure limit under 
        section 502(b), the excess expenditure amount.
    ``(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the public financing amount 
is--
            ``(A) in the case of an eligible candidate who is a major 
        party candidate and who has met the threshold requirement of 
        section 501(e)--
                    ``(i) during the primary election period, an amount 
                equal to 100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                received during that period from individuals residing 
                in the candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                $100 or less plus an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                amount of contributions received during that period 
                from individuals residing in the candidate's State in 
                the aggregate amount of more than $100 but less than 
                $251, up to 50 percent of the primary election spending 
                limit under section 501(d)(1)(A), reduced by the 
                threshold requirement under section 501(e);
                    (ii) during the runoff election period, an amount 
                equal to 100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                received during that period from individuals residing 
                in the candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                $100 or less plus an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                amount of contributions received during that period 
                from individuals residing in the candidate's State in 
                the aggregate amount of more than $100 but less than 
                $251, up to 10 percent of the general election spending 
                limit under section 501(d)(1)(B); and
                    ``(iii) during the general election period, an 
                amount equal to the general election expenditure limit 
                applicable to the candidate under section 502(b) 
                (without regard to paragraph (4) thereof); and
            ``(B) in the case of an eligible candidate who is not a 
        major party candidate and who has met the threshold requirement 
        of section 501(e)--
                    ``(i) during the primary election period, an amount 
                equal to 100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                received during that period from individuals residing 
                in the candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                $100 or less plus an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                amount of contributions received during that period 
                from individuals residing in the candidate's State in 
                the aggregate amount of more than $100 but less than 
                $251, up to 50 percent of the primary election spending 
                limit under section 501(d)(1)(A), reduced by the 
                threshold requirement under section 501(e);
                    (ii) during the runoff election period, an amount 
                equal to 100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                received during that period from individuals residing 
                in the candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                $100 or less plus an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                amount of contributions received during that period 
                from individuals residing in the candidate's State in 
                the aggregate amount of more than $100 but less than 
                $251, up to 10 percent of the general election spending 
                limit under section 501(d)(1)(B); and
                    (iii) during the runoff election period, an amount 
                equal to 100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                received during that period from individuals residing 
                in the candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                $100 or less plus an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                amount of contributions received during that period 
                from individuals residing in the candidate's State in 
                the aggregate amount of more than $100 but less than 
                $251, up to 50 percent of the general election spending 
                limit under section 502(b).
    ``(3) For purposes of paragraph (1), the independent expenditure 
amount is the total amount of independent expenditures made, or 
obligated to be made, during the general election period by 1 or more 
persons in opposition to, or on behalf of an opponent of, an eligible 
Senate candidate which are required to be reported by such persons 
under section 304(c) with respect to the general election period and 
are certified by the Commission under section 304(c).
    ``(4) For purposes of paragraph (1), the excess expenditure amount 
is the amount determined as follows:
            ``(A) In the case of a major party candidate, an amount 
        equal to the sum of--
                    ``(i) if the excess described in paragraph (1)(C) 
                is not greater than 133\1/3\ percent of the general 
                election expenditure limit under section 502(b), an 
                amount equal to one-third of such limit applicable to 
                the eligible Senate candidate for the election; plus
                    ``(ii) if such excess equals or exceeds 133\1/3\ 
                percent but is less than 166\2/3\ percent of such 
                limit, an amount equal to one-third of such limit; plus
                    ``(iii) if such excess equals or exceeds 166\2/3\ 
                percent of such limit, an amount equal to one-third of 
                such limit.
            ``(B) In the case of an eligible Senate candidate who is 
        not a major party candidate, an amount equal to the least of 
        the following:
                    ``(i) The allowable contributions of the eligible 
                Senate candidate during the applicable period in excess 
                of the threshold contribution requirement under section 
                501(e).
                    ``(ii) 50 percent of the general election 
                expenditure limit applicable to the eligible Senate 
                candidate under section 502(b).
                    ``(iii) The excess described in paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Waiver of Expenditure and Contribution Limits.--(1) An 
eligible Senate candidate who receives payments under subsection (a)(3) 
which are allocable to the independent expenditure or excess 
expenditure amounts described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection 
(b) may make expenditures from such payments to defray expenditures for 
the general election without regard to the general election expenditure 
limit under section 502(b).
    ``(2)(A) An eligible Senate candidate who receives benefits under 
this section may make expenditures for the general election without 
regard to clause (i) of section 501(c)(1)(D) or subsection (a) or (b) 
of section 502 if any one of the eligible Senate candidate's opponents 
who is not an eligible Senate candidate either raises aggregate 
contributions, or makes or becomes obligated to make aggregate 
expenditures, for the general election that exceed 200 percent of the 
general election expenditure limit applicable to the eligible Senate 
candidate under section 502(b).
    ``(B) The amount of the expenditures which may be made by reason of 
subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 100 percent of the general election 
expenditure limit under section 502(b).
    ``(3)(A) A candidate who receives benefits under this section may 
receive contributions for the general election without regard to clause 
(iii) of section 501(c)(1)(D) if--
            ``(i) a major party candidate in the same general election 
        is not an eligible Senate candidate; or
            ``(ii) any other candidate in the same general election who 
        is not an eligible Senate candidate raises aggregate 
        contributions, or makes or becomes obligated to make aggregate 
        expenditures, for the general election that exceed 75 percent 
        of the general election expenditure limit applicable to such 
        other candidate under section 502(b).
    ``(B) The amount of contributions which may be received by reason 
of subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 100 percent of the general 
election expenditure limit under section 502(b).
    ``(d) Use of Payments.--Payments received by a candidate under 
subsection (a)(3) shall be used to defray expenditures incurred with 
respect to the general election period for the candidate. Such payments 
shall not be used--
            ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (4), to make any 
        payments, directly or indirectly, to such candidate or to any 
        member of the immediate family of such candidate;
            ``(2) to make any expenditure other than expenditures to 
        further the general election of such candidate;
            ``(3) to make any expenditures which constitute a violation 
        of any law of the United States or of the State in which the 
        expenditure is made; or
            ``(4) subject to the provisions of section 315(k), to repay 
        any loan to any person except to the extent the proceeds of 
        such loan were used to further the general election of such 
        candidate.

``SEC. 504. CERTIFICATION BY COMMISSION.

    ``(a) In General.--(1) The Commission shall certify to any 
candidate meeting the requirements of section 501 that such candidate 
is an eligible Senate candidate entitled to benefits under this title. 
The Commission shall revoke such certification if it determines a 
candidate fails to continue to meet such requirements.
    ``(2) No later than 48 hours after an eligible Senate candidate 
files a request with the Secretary of the Senate to receive benefits 
under section 501, the Commission shall issue a certification stating 
whether such candidate is eligible for payments under this title and 
the amount of such payments to which such candidate is entitled. The 
request referred to in the preceding sentence shall contain--
            ``(A) such information and be made in accordance with such 
        procedures as the Commission may provide by regulation; and
            ``(B) a verification signed by the candidate and the 
        treasurer of the principal campaign committee of such candidate 
        stating that the information furnished in support of the 
        request, to the best of their knowledge, is correct and fully 
        satisfies the requirements of this title.
    ``(b) Determinations by Commission.--All determinations (including 
certifications under subsection (a)) made by the Commission under this 
title shall be final and conclusive, except to the extent that they are 
subject to examination and audit by the Commission under section 505 
and judicial review under section 506.

``SEC. 505. EXAMINATION AND AUDITS; REPAYMENTS; CIVIL PENALTIES.

    ``(a) Examination and Audits.--(1) After each general election, the 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the campaign 
accounts of 10 percent of all candidates for the office of United 
States Senator to determine, among other things, whether such 
candidates have complied with the expenditure limits and conditions of 
eligibility of this title, and other requirements of this Act. Such 
candidates shall be designated by the Commission through the use of an 
appropriate statistical method of random selection. If the Commission 
selects a candidate, the Commission shall examine and audit the 
campaign accounts of all other candidates in the general election for 
the office the selected candidate is seeking.
    ``(2) The Commission may conduct an examination and audit of the 
campaign accounts of any candidate in a general election for the office 
of United States Senator if the Commission determines that there exists 
reason to believe that such candidate may have violated any provision 
of this title.
    ``(b) Excess Payments; Revocation of Status.--(1) If the Commission 
determines that payments were made to an eligible Senate candidate 
under this title in excess of the aggregate amounts to which such 
candidate was entitled, the Commission shall so notify such candidate, 
and such candidate shall pay an amount equal to the excess.
    ``(2) If the Commission revokes the certification of a candidate as 
an eligible Senate candidate under section 504(a)(1), the Commission 
shall notify the candidate, and the candidate shall pay an amount equal 
to the payments received under this title.
    ``(c) Misuse of Benefits.--If the Commission determines that any 
amount of any benefit made available to an eligible Senate candidate 
under this title was not used as provided for in this title, the 
Commission shall so notify such candidate and such candidate shall pay 
the amount of such benefit.
    ``(d) Excess Expenditures.--If the Commission determines that any 
eligible Senate candidate who has received benefits under this title 
has made expenditures which in the aggregate exceed--
            ``(1) the primary or runoff expenditure limit under section 
        501(d); or
            ``(2) the general election expenditure limit under section 
        502(b),
the Commission shall so notify such candidate and such candidate shall 
pay an amount equal to the amount of the excess expenditures.
    ``(e) Civil Penalties for Excess Expenditures and Contributions.--
(1) If the Commission determines that a candidate has committed a 
violation described in subsection (c), the Commission may assess a 
civil penalty against such candidate in an amount not greater than 200 
percent of the amount involved.
    ``(2)(A) Low Amount of Excess Expenditures.--Any eligible Senate 
candidate who makes expenditures that exceed any limitation described 
in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d) by 2.5 percent or less shall 
pay an amount equal to the amount of the excess expenditures.
    ``(B) Medium Amount of Excess Expenditures.--Any eligible Senate 
candidate who makes expenditures that exceed any limitation described 
in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d) by more than 2.5 percent and 
less than 5 percent shall pay an amount equal to three times the amount 
of the excess expenditures.
    ``(C) Large Amount of Excess Expenditures.--Any eligible Senate 
candidate who makes expenditures that exceed any limitation described 
in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d) by 5 percent or more shall 
pay an amount equal to three times the amount of the excess 
expenditures plus a civil penalty in an amount determined by the 
Commission.
    ``(f) Unexpended Funds.--Any amount received by an eligible Senate 
candidate under this title may be retained for a period not exceeding 
120 days after the date of the general election for the liquidation of 
all obligations to pay expenditures for the general election incurred 
during the general election period. At the end of such 120-day period, 
any unexpended funds received under this title shall be promptly 
repaid.
    ``(g) Limit on Period for Notification.--No notification shall be 
made by the Commission under this section with respect to an election 
more than three years after the date of such election.
    ``(h) Deposits.--The Secretary shall deposit all payments received 
under this section into the Senate Election Campaign Fund.

``SEC. 506. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    ``(a) Judicial Review.--Any agency action by the Commission made 
under the provisions of this title shall be subject to review by the 
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 
upon petition filed in such court within thirty days after the agency 
action by the Commission for which review is sought. It shall be the 
duty of the Court of Appeals, ahead of all matters not filed under this 
title, to advance on the docket and expeditiously take action on all 
petitions filed pursuant to this title.
    ``(b) Application of Title 5.--The provisions of chapter 7 of title 
5, United States Code, shall apply to judicial review of any agency 
action by the Commission.
    ``(c) Agency Action.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`agency action' has the meaning given such term by section 551(13) of 
title 5, United States Code.

``SEC. 507. PARTICIPATION BY COMMISSION IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

    ``(a) Appearances.--The Commission is authorized to appear in and 
defend against any action instituted under this section and under 
section 506 either by attorneys employed in its office or by counsel 
whom it may appoint without regard to the provisions of title 5, United 
States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and 
whose compensation it may fix without regard to the provisions of 
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title.
    ``(b) Institution of Actions.--The Commission is authorized, 
through attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to institute 
actions in the district courts of the United States to seek recovery of 
any amounts determined under this title to be payable to the Secretary.
    ``(c) Injunctive Relief.--The Commission is authorized, through 
attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to petition the 
courts of the United States for such injunctive relief as is 
appropriate in order to implement any provision of this title.
    ``(d) Appeals.--The Commission is authorized on behalf of the 
United States to appeal from, and to petition the Supreme Court for 
certiorari to review, judgments or decrees entered with respect to 
actions in which it appears pursuant to the authority provided in this 
section.

``SEC. 508. REPORTS TO CONGRESS; REGULATIONS.

    ``(a) Reports.--The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after 
each election, submit a full report to the Senate setting forth--
            ``(1) the expenditures (shown in such detail as the 
        Commission determines appropriate) made by each eligible Senate 
        candidate and the authorized committees of such candidate;
            ``(2) the amounts certified by the Commission under section 
        504 as benefits available to each eligible Senate candidate;
            ``(3) the amount of repayments, if any, required under 
        section 505 and the reasons for each repayment required; and
            ``(4) the balance in the Senate Election Campaign Fund, and 
        the balance in any account maintained by the Fund.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be printed as a 
Senate document.
    ``(b) Rules and Regulations.--The Commission is authorized to 
prescribe such rules and regulations, in accordance with the provisions 
of subsection (c), to conduct such examinations and investigations, and 
to require the keeping and submission of such books, records, and 
information, as it deems necessary to carry out the functions and 
duties imposed on it by this title.
    ``(c) Statement to Senate.--Thirty days before prescribing any 
rules or regulation under subsection (b), the Commission shall transmit 
to the Senate a statement setting forth the proposed rule or regulation 
and containing a detailed explanation and justification of such rule or 
regulation.

``SEC. 509. PAYMENTS RELATING TO ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) Establishment of Campaign Fund.--(1) There is established on 
the books of the Treasury of the United States a special fund to be 
known as the `Senate Election Campaign Fund'.
    ``(2)(A) There are appropriated to the Fund for each fiscal year, 
out of amounts in the general fund of the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, amounts equal to--
            ``(i) any contributions by persons which are specifically 
        designated as being made to the Fund;
            ``(ii) amounts collected under section 505(h); and
            ``(iii) any other amounts that may be appropriated to or 
        deposited into the Fund under this title.
    ``(B) The Secretary of the Treasury shall, from time to time, 
transfer to the Fund an amount not in excess of the amounts described 
in subparagraph (A).
    ``(C) Amounts in the Fund shall remain available without fiscal 
year limitation.
    ``(3) Amounts in the Fund shall be available only for the purposes 
of--
            ``(A) making payments required under this title; and
            ``(B) making expenditures in connection with the 
        administration of the Fund.
    ``(4) The Secretary shall maintain such accounts in the Fund as may 
be required by this title or which the Secretary determines to be 
necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.
    ``(b) Payments Upon Certification.--Upon receipt of a certification 
from the Commission under section 504, except as provided in subsection 
(d), the Secretary shall promptly pay the amount certified by the 
Commission to the candidate out of the Senate Election Campaign Fund.
    ``(c) Reductions in Payments if Funds Insufficient.--(1) If, at the 
time of a certification by the Commission under section 504 for payment 
to an eligible candidate, the Secretary determines that the monies in 
the Senate Election Campaign Fund are not, or may not be, sufficient to 
satisfy the full entitlement of all eligible candidates, the Secretary 
shall withhold from the amount of such payment such amount as the 
Secretary determines to be necessary to assure that each eligible 
candidate will receive the same pro rata share of such candidate's full 
entitlement.
    ``(2) Amounts withheld under subparagraph (A) shall be paid when 
the Secretary determines that there are sufficient monies in the Fund 
to pay all, or a portion thereof, to all eligible candidates from whom 
amounts have been withheld, except that if only a portion is to be 
paid, it shall be paid in such manner that each eligible candidate 
receives an equal pro rata share of such portion.
    ``(3)(A) Not later than December 31 of any calendar year preceding 
a calendar year in which there is a regularly scheduled general 
election, the Secretary, after consultation with the Commission, shall 
make an estimate of--
            ``(i) the amount of monies in the fund which will be 
        available to make payments required by this title in the 
        succeeding calendar year; and
            ``(ii) the amount of payments which will be required under 
        this title in such calendar year.
    ``(B) If the Secretary determines that there will be insufficient 
monies in the fund to make the payments required by this title for any 
calendar year, the Secretary shall notify each candidate on January 1 
of such calendar year (or, if later, the date on which an individual 
becomes a candidate) of the amount which the Secretary estimates will 
be the pro rata reduction in each eligible candidate's payments under 
this subsection. Such notice shall be by registered mail.
    ``(C) The amount of the eligible candidate's contribution limit 
under section 501(c)(1)(D)(iii) shall be increased by the amount of the 
estimated pro rata reduction.
    ``(4) The Secretary shall notify the Commission and each eligible 
candidate by registered mail of any actual reduction in the amount of 
any payment by reason of this subsection. If the amount of the 
reduction exceeds the amount estimated under paragraph (3), the 
candidate's contribution limit under section 501(c)(1)(D)(iii) shall be 
increased by the amount of such excess.''.
            (2) Effective dates.--(A) Except as provided in this 
        paragraph, the amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to 
        elections occurring after December 31, 1995.
            (B) For purposes of any expenditure or contribution limit 
        imposed by the amendment made by paragraph (1)--
                    (i) no expenditure made before January 1, 1996, 
                shall be taken into account, except that there shall be 
                taken into account any such expenditure for goods or 
                services to be provided after such date; and
                    (ii) all cash, cash items, and Government 
                securities on hand as of January 1, 1996, shall be 
                taken into account in determining whether the 
                contribution limit is met, except that there shall not 
                be taken into account amounts used during the 60-day 
                period beginning on January 1, 1996, to pay for 
                expenditures which were incurred (but unpaid) before 
                such date.
            (3) Effect of invalidity on other provisions of act.--If 
        section 501, 502, or 503 of title V of FECA (as added by this 
        section), or any part thereof, is held to be invalid, all 
        provisions of, and amendments made by, this Act shall be 
        treated as invalid.
    (b) Provisions To Facilitate Voluntary Contributions to Senate 
Election Campaign Fund.--
            (1) General rule.--Part VIII of subchapter A of chapter 61 
        of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to returns and 
        records) is amended by adding at the end the following:

   ``Subpart B--Designation of Additional Amounts to Senate Election 
                             Campaign Fund

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation of additional 
                                        amounts.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION OF ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

    ``(a) General Rule.--Every individual (other than a nonresident 
alien) who files an income tax return for any taxable year may 
designate an additional amount equal to $5 ($10 in the case of a joint 
return) to be paid over to the Senate Election Campaign Fund.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made for any taxable year only at the time of 
filing the income tax return for the taxable year. Such designation 
shall be made on the page bearing the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Treatment of Additional Amounts.--Any additional amount 
designated under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall, for all 
purposes of law, be treated as an additional income tax imposed by 
chapter 1 for such taxable year.
    ``(d) Income Tax Return.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`income tax return' means the return of the tax imposed by chapter 
1.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--(A) Part VIII of subchapter A 
        of chapter 61 of such Code is amended by striking the heading 
        and inserting:

     ``PART VIII--DESIGNATION OF AMOUNTS TO ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUNDS

                              ``Subpart A. Presidential Election 
                                        Campaign Fund.
                              ``Subpart B. Designation of additional 
                                        amounts to Senate Election 
                                        Campaign Fund.

          ``Subpart A--Presidential Election Campaign Fund''.

            (B) The table of parts for subchapter A of chapter 61 of 
        such Code is amended by striking the item relating to part VIII 
        and inserting:

                              ``Part VIII. Designation of amounts to 
                                        election campaign funds.''
            (3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section 
        shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995.

SEC. 102. BAN ON ACTIVITIES OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES IN FEDERAL 
              ELECTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Title III of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), is 
amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:

  ``ban on federal election activities by political action committees

    ``Sec. 323. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, no 
person other than an individual or a political committee may make 
contributions, solicit or receive contributions, or make expenditures 
for the purpose of influencing an election for Federal office.
    ``(b) In the case of individuals who are executive or 
administrative personnel of an employer--
            ``(1) no contributions may be made by such individuals--
                    ``(A) to any political committees established and 
                maintained by any political party; or
                    ``(B) to any candidate for nomination for election, 
                or election, to Federal office or the candidate's 
                authorized committees,
        unless such contributions are not being made at the direction 
        of, or otherwise controlled or influenced by, the employer; and
            ``(2) the aggregate amount of such contributions by all 
        such individuals in any calendar year shall not exceed--
                    ``(A) $20,000 in the case of such political 
                committees; and
                    ``(B) $5,000 in the case of any such candidate and 
                the candidate's authorized committees.''.
    (b) Definition of Political Committee.--(1) Paragraph (4) of 
section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(4)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(4) The term `political committee' means--
                    ``(A) the principal campaign committee of a 
                candidate;
                    ``(B) any national, State, or district committee of 
                a political party, including any subordinate committee 
                thereof; and
                    ``(C) any local committee of a political party 
                which--
                            ``(i) receives contributions aggregating in 
                        excess of $5,000 during a calendar year;
                            ``(ii) makes payments exempted from the 
                        definition of contribution or expenditure under 
                        paragraph (8) or (9) aggregating in excess of 
                        $5,000 during a calendar year;
                            ``(iii) makes contributions or expenditures 
                        aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a 
                        calendar year; or
                    ``(D) any committee described in section 
                315(a)(8)(D)(i)(III).''.
    (2) Section 316(b)(2) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended by 
striking subparagraph (C).
    (c) Candidate's Committees.--(1) Section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
441a(a)) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new 
paragraph:
    ``(9) For the purposes of the limitations provided by paragraphs 
(1) and (2), any political committee which is established or financed 
or maintained or controlled by any candidate or Federal officeholder 
shall be deemed to be an authorized committee of such candidate or 
officeholder. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to permit 
the establishment, financing, maintenance, or control of any committee 
which is prohibited by paragraph (3) or (6) of section 302(e).''.
    (2) Section 302(e)(3) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 432) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(3) No political committee that supports or has supported more 
than one candidate may be designated as an authorized committee, except 
that--
            ``(A) a candidate for the office of President nominated by 
        a political party may designate the national committee of such 
        political party as the candidate's principal campaign 
        committee, but only if that national committee maintains 
        separate books of account with respect to its functions as a 
        principal campaign committee; and
            ``(B) a candidate may designate a political committee 
        established solely for the purpose of joint fundraising by such 
        candidates as an authorized committee.''.
    (d) Rules Applicable When Ban Not in Effect.--For purposes of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, during any period beginning 
after the effective date in which the limitation under section 323 of 
such Act (as added by subsection (a)) is not in effect--
            (1) the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) 
        shall not be in effect;
            (2) in the case of a candidate for election, or nomination 
        for election, to Federal office (and such candidate's 
        authorized committees), section 315(a)(2)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
        441a(a)(2)(A)) shall be applied by substituting ``$1,000'' for 
        ``$5,000'';
            (3) it shall be unlawful for a multicandidate political 
        committee to make a contribution to a candidate for election, 
        or nomination for election, to Federal office (or an authorized 
        committee) to the extent that the making or accepting of the 
        contribution will cause the amount of contributions received by 
        the candidate and the candidate's authorized committees from 
        multicandidate political committees to exceed the lesser of--
                    (A) $825,000; or
                    (B) 20 percent of the aggregate Federal election 
                spending limits applicable to the candidate for the 
                election cycle.
        The $825,000 amount in paragraph (3) shall be increased as of 
        the beginning of each calendar year based on the increase in 
        the price index determined under section 315(c) of FECA, except 
        that for purposes of paragraph (3), the base period shall be 
        the calendar year 1996. A candidate or authorized committee 
        that receives a contribution from a multicandidate political 
        committee in excess of the amount allowed under paragraph (3) 
        shall return the amount of such excess contribution to the 
        contributor.
    (e) Rule Ensuring Prohibition on Direct Corporate and Labor 
Spending.--If section 316(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 is held to be invalid by reason of the amendments made by this 
section, then the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of 
this section shall not apply to contributions by any political 
committee that is directly or indirectly established, administered, or 
supported by a connected organization which is a bank, corporation, or 
other organization described in such section 316(a).
    (f) Restrictions on Contributions to Political Committees.--
Paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(C) of section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
441a(a) (1)(D) and (2)(D)) are each amended by striking ``$5,000'' and 
inserting ``$1,000''.
    (g) Effective Dates.--(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
amendments made by this section shall apply to elections (and the 
election cycles relating thereto) occurring after December 31, 1996.
    (2) In applying the amendments made by this section, there shall 
not be taken into account--
            (A) contributions made or received before January 1, 1996; 
        or
            (B) contributions made to, or received by, a candidate on 
        or after January 1, 1996, to the extent such contributions are 
        not greater than the excess (if any) of--
                    (i) such contributions received by any opponent of 
                the candidate before January 1, 1996, over
                    (ii) such contributions received by the candidate 
                before January 1, 1996.

SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Title III of FECA is amended by inserting after section 304 the 
following new section:

             ``reporting requirements for senate candidates

    ``Sec. 304A. (a) Candidate Other Than Eligible Senate Candidate.--
(1) Each candidate for the office of United States Senator who does not 
file a certification with the Secretary of the Senate under section 
501(c) shall file with the Secretary of the Senate a declaration as to 
whether such candidate intends to make expenditures for the general 
election in excess of the general election expenditure limit applicable 
to an eligible Senate candidate under section 502(b). Such declaration 
shall be filed at the time provided in section 501(c)(2).
    ``(2) Any candidate for the United States Senate who qualifies for 
the ballot for a general election--
            ``(A) who is not an eligible Senate candidate under section 
        501; and
            ``(B) who either raises aggregate contributions, or makes 
        or obligates to make aggregate expenditures, for the general 
        election which exceed 75 percent of the general election 
        expenditure limit applicable to an eligible Senate candidate 
        under section 502(b),

shall file a report with the Secretary of the Senate within 24 hours 
after such contributions have been raised or such expenditures have 
been made or obligated to be made (or, if later, within 24 hours after 
the date of qualification for the general election ballot), setting 
forth the candidate's total contributions and total expenditures for 
such election as of such date. Thereafter, such candidate shall file 
additional reports (until such contributions or expenditures exceed 200 
percent of such limit) with the Secretary of the Senate within 24 hours 
after each time additional contributions are raised, or expenditures 
are made or are obligated to be made, which in the aggregate exceed an 
amount equal to 10 percent of such limit and after the total 
contributions or expenditures exceed 133\1/3\, 166\2/3\, and 200 
percent of such limit.
    ``(3) The Commission--
            ``(A) shall, within 24 hours of receipt of a declaration or 
        report under paragraph (1) or (2), notify each eligible Senate 
        candidate in the election involved about such declaration or 
        report; and
            ``(B) if an opposing candidate has raised aggregate 
        contributions, or made or has obligated to make aggregate 
        expenditures, in excess of the applicable general election 
        expenditure limit under section 502(b), shall certify, pursuant 
        to the provisions of subsection (d), such eligibility for 
        payment of any amount to which such eligible Senate candidate 
        is entitled under section 503(a).
    ``(4) Notwithstanding the reporting requirements under this 
subsection, the Commission may make its own determination that a 
candidate in a general election who is not an eligible Senate candidate 
has raised aggregate contributions, or made or has obligated to make 
aggregate expenditures, in the amounts which would require a report 
under paragraph (2). The Commission shall, within 24 hours after making 
each such determination, notify each eligible Senate candidate in the 
general election involved about such determination, and shall, when 
such contributions or expenditures exceed the general election 
expenditure limit under section 502(b), certify (pursuant to the 
provisions of subsection (d)) such candidate's eligibility for payment 
of any amount under section 503(a).
    ``(b) Reports on Personal Funds.--(1) Any candidate for the United 
States Senate who during the election cycle expends more than the 
limitation under section 502(a) during the election cycle from his 
personal funds, the funds of his immediate family, and personal loans 
incurred by the candidate and the candidate's immediate family shall 
file a report with the Secretary of the Senate within 24 hours after 
such expenditures have been made or loans incurred.
    ``(2) The Commission within 24 hours after a report has been filed 
under paragraph (1) shall notify each eligible Senate candidate in the 
election involved about each such report.
    ``(3) Notwithstanding the reporting requirements under this 
subsection, the Commission may make its own determination that a 
candidate for the United States Senate has made expenditures in excess 
of the amount under paragraph (1). The Commission within 24 hours after 
making such determination shall notify each eligible Senate candidate 
in the general election involved about each such determination.
    ``(c) Candidates for Other Offices.--(1) Each individual--
            ``(A) who becomes a candidate for the office of United 
        States Senator;
            ``(B) who, during the election cycle for such office, held 
        any other Federal, State, or local office or was a candidate 
        for such other office; and
            ``(C) who expended any amount during such election cycle 
        before becoming a candidate for the office of United States 
        Senator which would have been treated as an expenditure if such 
        individual had been such a candidate, including amounts for 
        activities to promote the image or name recognition of such 
        individual,
shall, within 7 days of becoming a candidate for the office of United 
States Senator, report to the Secretary of the Senate the amount and 
nature of such expenditures.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any expenditures in 
connection with a Federal, State, or local election which has been held 
before the individual becomes a candidate for the office of United 
States Senator.
    ``(3) The Commission shall, as soon as practicable, make a 
determination as to whether the amounts included in the report under 
paragraph (1) were made for purposes of influencing the election of the 
individual to the office of United States Senator.
    ``(d) Certifications.--Notwithstanding section 505(a), the 
certification required by this section shall be made by the Commission 
on the basis of reports filed in accordance with the provisions of this 
Act, or on the basis of such Commission's own investigation or 
determination.
    ``(e) Copies of Reports and Public Inspection.--The Secretary of 
the Senate shall transmit a copy of any report or filing received under 
this section or of title V (whenever a 24-hour response is required of 
the Commission) as soon as possible (but no later than 4 working hours 
of the Commission) after receipt of such report or filing, and shall 
make such report or filing available for public inspection and copying 
in the same manner as the Commission under section 311(a)(4), and shall 
preserve such reports and filings in the same manner as the Commission 
under section 311(a)(5).
    ``(f) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, any term used in 
this section which is used in title V shall have the same meaning as 
when used in title V.''.

SEC. 104. DISCLOSURE BY NONELIGIBLE CANDIDATES.

    Section 318 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d), as amended by section 133, is 
amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
    ``(e) If a broadcast, cablecast, or other communication is paid for 
or authorized by a candidate in the general election for the office of 
United States Senator who is not an eligible Senate candidate, or the 
authorized committee of such candidate, such communication shall 
contain the following sentence: `This candidate has not agreed to 
voluntary campaign spending limits.'.''.

                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

SEC. 131. BROADCAST RATES AND PREEMPTION.

    (a) Broadcast Rates.--Section 315(b) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``forty-five'' and inserting 
                ``30'';
                    (B) by striking ``sixty'' and inserting ``45''; and
                    (C) by striking ``lowest unit charge of the station 
                for the same class and amount of time for the same 
                period'' and inserting ``lowest charge of the station 
                for the same amount of time for the same period on the 
                same date''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new sentence:
``In the case of an eligible Senate candidate (as defined in section 
301(19) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971), the charges 
during the general election period (as defined in section 301(21) of 
such Act) shall not exceed 50 percent of the lowest charge described in 
paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Preemption; Access.--Section 315 of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315) is amended by redesignating subsections (c) and 
(d) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively, and by inserting 
immediately after subsection (b) the following new subsection:
    ``(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a licensee shall not 
preempt the use, during any period specified in subsection (b)(1), of a 
broadcasting station by a legally qualified candidate for public office 
who has purchased and paid for such use pursuant to the provisions of 
subsection (b)(1).
    ``(2) If a program to be broadcast by a broadcasting station is 
preempted because of circumstances beyond the control of the 
broadcasting station, any candidate advertising spot scheduled to be 
broadcast during that program may also be preempted.
    ``(d) In the case of a legally qualified candidate for the United 
States Senate, a licensee shall provide broadcast time without regard 
to the rates charged for the time.''.

SEC. 132. EXTENSION OF REDUCED THIRD-CLASS MAILING RATES TO ELIGIBLE 
              SENATE CANDIDATES.

    Section 3626(e) of title 39, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                    (A) by striking ``and the National'' and inserting 
                ``the National''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Committee;'' and inserting 
                ``Committee, and, subject to paragraph (3), the 
                principal campaign committee of an eligible House of 
                Representatives or Senate candidate;'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (3) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking the period and 
        inserting ``; and'';
            (4) by adding after paragraph (2)(C) the following new 
        subparagraph:
            ``(D) The terms `eligible Senate candidate' and `principal 
        campaign committee' have the meanings given those terms in 
        section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.''; 
        and
            (5) by adding after paragraph (2) the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(3) The rate made available under this subsection with respect to 
an eligible Senate candidate shall apply only to--
            ``(A) the general election period (as defined in section 
        301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971); and
            ``(B) that number of pieces of mail equal to the number of 
        individuals in the voting age population (as certified under 
        section 315(e) of such Act) of the congressional district or 
        State, whichever is applicable.''.

SEC. 133. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    Section 304(c) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking out the undesignated 
        matter after subparagraph (C);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (5); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (2), as amended by 
        paragraph (1), the following new paragraphs:
    ``(3)(A) Any independent expenditure (including those described in 
subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section) aggregating $1,000 or more 
made after the 20th day, but more than 24 hours, before any election 
shall be reported within 24 hours after such independent expenditure is 
made.
    ``(B) Any independent expenditure aggregating $10,000 or more made 
at any time up to and including the 20th day before any election shall 
be reported within 48 hours after such independent expenditure is made. 
An additional statement shall be filed each time independent 
expenditures aggregating $10,000 are made with respect to the same 
election as the initial statement filed under this section.
    ``(C) Such statement shall be filed with the Secretary of the 
Senate and the Secretary of State of the State involved and shall 
contain the information required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this 
section, including whether the independent expenditure is in support 
of, or in opposition to, the candidate involved. The Secretary of the 
Senate shall as soon as possible (but not later than 4 working hours of 
the Commission) after receipt of a statement transmit it to the 
Commission. Not later than 48 hours after the Commission receives a 
report, the Commission shall transmit a copy of the report to each 
candidate seeking nomination or election to that office.
    ``(D) For purposes of this section, the term `made' includes any 
action taken to incur an obligation for payment.
    ``(4)(A) If any person intends to make independent expenditures 
totaling $5,000 during the 20 days before an election, such person 
shall file a statement no later than the 20th day before the election.
    ``(B) Such statement shall be filed with the Secretary of the 
Senate and the Secretary of State of the State involved, and shall 
identify each candidate whom the expenditure will support or oppose. 
The Secretary of the Senate shall as soon as possible (but not later 
than 4 working hours of the Commission) after receipt of a statement 
transmit it to the Commission. Not later than 48 hours after the 
Commission receives a statement under this paragraph, the Commission 
shall transmit a copy of the statement to each candidate identified.
    ``(5) The Commission may make its own determination that a person 
has made, or has incurred obligations to make, independent expenditures 
with respect to any Federal election which in the aggregate exceed the 
applicable amounts under paragraph (3) or (4). The Commission shall 
notify each candidate in such election of such determination within 24 
hours of making it.
    ``(6) At the same time as a candidate is notified under paragraph 
(3), (4), or (5) with respect to expenditures during a general election 
period, the Commission shall certify eligibility to receive benefits 
under section 504(a) or section 604(b).
    ``(7) The Secretary of the Senate shall make any statement received 
under this subsection available for public inspection and copying in 
the same manner as the Commission under section 311(a)(4), and shall 
preserve such statements in the same manner as the Commission under 
section 311(a)(5).''

SEC. 134. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 318 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended--
            (1) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``an expenditure'' and inserting ``a 
        disbursement'';
            (2) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``direct'';
            (3) in paragraph (3) of subsection (a), by inserting after 
        ``name'' the following ``and permanent street address''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall 
be--
            ``(1) of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
        recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
        contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) consist of a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d)(1) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(2) shall include, in addition to 
the requirements of those subsections an audio statement by the 
candidate that identifies the candidate and states that the candidate 
has approved the communication.
    ``(2) If a broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
paragraph (1) is broadcast or cablecast by means of television, the 
statement required by paragraph (1) shall--
            ``(A) appear in a clearly readable manner with a reasonable 
        degree of color contrast between the background and the printed 
        statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds; and
            ``(B) be accompanied by a clearly identifiable photographic 
        or similar image of the candidate.
    ``(e) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(3) shall include, in addition to the requirements of 
those subsections, in a clearly spoken manner, the following 
statement--
            `             is responsible for the content of this 
        advertisement.'
with the blank to be filled in with the name of the political committee 
or other person paying for the communication and the name of any 
connected organization of the payor; and, if broadcast or cablecast by 
means of television, shall also appear in a clearly readable manner 
with a reasonable degree of color contrast between the background and 
the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds.''.

SEC. 135. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by 
striking paragraph (19) and inserting the following new paragraphs:
    ``(19) The term `eligible Senate candidate' means a candidate who 
is eligible under section 502 to receive benefits under title V.
    ``(20) The term `general election' means any election which will 
directly result in the election of a person to a Federal office, but 
does not include an open primary election.
    ``(21) The term `general election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day after the date of the 
primary or runoff election for the specific office the candidate is 
seeking, whichever is later, and ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of such general election; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        campaign or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(22) The term `immediate family' means--
            ``(A) a candidate's spouse;
            ``(B) a child, stepchild, parent, grandparent, brother, 
        half-brother, sister or half-sister of the candidate or the 
        candidate's spouse; and
            ``(C) the spouse of any person described in subparagraph 
        (B).
    ``(23) The term `major party' has the meaning given such term in 
section 9002(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, except that if a 
candidate qualified under State law for the ballot in a general 
election in an open primary in which all the candidates for the office 
participated and which resulted in the candidate and at least one other 
candidate qualifying for the ballot in the general election, such 
candidate shall be treated as a candidate of a major party for purposes 
of title V.
    ``(24) The term `primary election' means an election which may 
result in the selection of a candidate for the ballot in a general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(25) The term `primary election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of 
the last election for the specific office the candidate is seeking and 
ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of the first primary election for that 
        office following the last general election for that office; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        election or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(26) The term `runoff election' means an election held after a 
primary election which is prescribed by applicable State law as the 
means for deciding which candidate will be on the ballot in the general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(27) The term `runoff election period' means, with respect to any 
candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of the 
last primary election for the specific office such candidate is seeking 
and ending on the date of the runoff election for such office.
    ``(28) The term `voting age population' means the resident 
population, 18 years of age or older, as certified pursuant to section 
315(e).
    ``(29) The term `election cycle' means--
            ``(A) in the case of a candidate or the authorized 
        committees of a candidate, the term beginning on the day after 
        the date of the most recent general election for the specific 
        office or seat which such candidate seeks and ending on the 
        date of the next general election for such office or seat; or
            ``(B) for all other persons, the term beginning on the 
        first day following the date of the last general election and 
        ending on the date of the next general election.
    ``(30) The terms `Senate Election Campaign Fund' and `Fund' mean 
the Senate Election Campaign Fund established under section 509.
    ``(31) The term `lobbyist' means--
            ``(A) a person required to register under section 308 of 
        the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 267) or the 
        Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et 
        seq.); and
            ``(B) a person who receives compensation in return for 
        having contact with Congress on any legislative matter.''.
    (b) Identification.--Section 301(13) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(13)) is 
amended by striking ``mailing address'' and inserting ``permanent 
residence address''.

SEC. 136. PROVISIONS RELATING TO FRANKED MASS MAILINGS.

    (a) Mass Mailings of Senators.--Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``It is the intent of 
        Congress that a Member of, or a Member-elect to, Congress'' and 
        inserting ``A Member of, or Member-elect to, the House''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) by striking ``if such mass mailing is 
                postmarked fewer than 60 days immediately before the 
                date'' and inserting ``if such mass mailing is 
                postmarked during the calendar year''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or reelection'' immediately 
                before the period.
    (b) Mass Mailings of House Members.--Section 3210 of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(7) by striking ``, except that--'' 
        and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting a period; and
            (2)insubsection(d)(1)bystriking``delivery--''
        and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting ``delivery within that area constituting the 
        congressional district or State from which the Member was 
        elected.''.
    (c) Prohibition on Use of Official Funds.--The Committee on House 
Administration of the House of Representatives may not approve any 
payment, nor may a Member of the House of Representatives make any 
expenditure from, any allowance of the House of Representatives or any 
other official funds if any portion of the payment or expenditure is 
for any cost related to a mass mailing by a Member of the House of 
Representatives outside the congressional district of the Member.

                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

SEC. 201. CLARIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS RELATING TO INDEPENDENT 
              EXPENDITURES.

    (a) Independent Expenditure Definition Amendment.--Section 301 of 
FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by striking paragraphs (17) and (18) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(17)(A) The term `independent expenditure' means an expenditure 
for an advertisement or other communication that--
            ``(i) contains express advocacy; and
            ``(ii) is made without the participation or cooperation of 
        a candidate or a candidate's representative.
    ``(B) The following shall not be considered an independent 
expenditure:
            ``(i) An expenditure made by a political committee of a 
        political party.
            ``(ii) An expenditure made by a person who, during the 
        election cycle, has communicated with or received information 
        from a candidate or a representative of that candidate 
        regarding activities that have the purpose of influencing that 
        candidate's election to Federal office, where the expenditure 
        is in support of that candidate or in opposition to another 
        candidate for that office.
            ``(iii) An expenditure if there is any arrangement, 
        coordination, or direction with respect to the expenditure 
        between the candidate or the candidate's agent and the person 
        making the expenditure.
            ``(iv) An expenditure if, in the same election cycle, the 
        person making the expenditure is or has been--
                    ``(I) authorized to raise or expend funds on behalf 
                of the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees; or
                    ``(II) serving as a member, employee, or agent of 
                the candidate's authorized committees in an executive 
                or policymaking position.
            ``(v) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        has advised or counseled the candidate or the candidate's 
        agents at any time on the candidate's plans, projects, or needs 
        relating to the candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, 
        or election, to Federal office, in the same election cycle, 
        including any advice relating to the candidate's decision to 
        seek Federal office.
            ``(vi) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        retains the professional services of any individual or other 
        person also providing those services in the same election cycle 
        to the candidate in connection with the candidate's pursuit of 
        nomination for election, or election, to Federal office, 
        including any services relating to the candidate's decision to 
        seek Federal office.
            ``(vii) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        has consulted at any time during the same election cycle about 
        the candidate's plans, projects, or needs relating to the 
        candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, or election, to 
        Federal office, with--
                    ``(I) any officer, director, employee or agent of a 
                party committee that has made or intends to make 
                expenditures or contributions, pursuant to subsections 
                (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 in connection with the 
                candidate's campaign; or
                    ``(II) any person whose professional services have 
                been retained by a political party committee that has 
                made or intends to make expenditures or contributions 
                pursuant to subsections (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 
                in connection with the candidate's campaign.

For purposes of this subparagraph, the person making the expenditure 
shall include any officer, director, employee, or agent of such person.
    ``(18) The term `express advocacy' means, when a communication is 
taken as a whole, an expression of support for or opposition to a 
specific candidate, to a specific group of candidates, or to candidates 
of a particular political party, or a suggestion to take action with 
respect to an election, such as to vote for or against, make 
contributions to, or participate in campaign activity.''.
    (b) Contribution Definition Amendment.--Section 301(8)(A) of FECA 
(2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' after the semicolon 
        at the end;
            (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(iii) any payment or other transaction referred to in 
        paragraph (17)(A)(i) that does not qualify as an independent 
        expenditure under paragraph (17)(A)(ii).''.

                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Loans; Credit

SEC. 301. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND LOANS.

    Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(i) Limitations on Payments to Candidates.--(1) If a candidate or 
a member of the candidate's immediate family made any loans to the 
candidate or to the candidate's authorized committees during any 
election cycle, no contributions after the date of the general election 
for such election cycle may be used to repay such loans.
    ``(2) No contribution by a candidate or member of the candidate's 
immediate family may be returned to the candidate or member other than 
as part of a pro rata distribution of excess contributions to all 
contributors.''.

SEC. 302. EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT.

    Section 301(8)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)), as amended by 
section 201(b), is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by inserting at the end the following new clause:
                    ``(iv) with respect to a candidate and the 
                candidate's authorized committees, any extension of 
                credit for goods or services relating to advertising on 
                broadcasting stations, in newspapers or magazines, or 
                by mailings, or relating to other similar types of 
                general public political advertising, if such extension 
                of credit is--
                            ``(I) in an amount of more than $1,000; and
                            ``(II) for a period greater than the 
                        period, not in excess of 60 days, for which 
                        credit is generally extended in the normal 
                        course of business after the date on which such 
                        goods or services are furnished or the date of 
                        the mailing in the case of advertising by a 
                        mailing.''.

   Subtitle B--Provisions Relating to Soft Money of Political Parties

SEC. 311. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434), as 
amended by section 133(a), is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following new subsection:
    ``(e) Political Committees.--(1) The national committee of a 
political party and any congressional campaign committee of a political 
party, and any subordinate committee of either, shall report all 
receipts and disbursements during the reporting period, whether or not 
in connection with an election for Federal office.
    ``(2) Any political committee to which paragraph (1) does not apply 
shall report any receipts or disbursements which are used in connection 
with a Federal election.
    ``(3) If a political committee has receipts or disbursements to 
which this subsection applies from any person aggregating in excess of 
$200 for any calendar year, the political committee shall separately 
itemize its reporting for such person in the same manner as under 
subsection (b) (3)(A), (5), or (6).
    ``(4) Reports required to be filed by this subsection shall be 
filed for the same time periods required for political committees under 
subsection (a).''.
    (b) Report of Exempt Contributions.--Section 301(8) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)) is amended by inserting 
at the end thereof the following:
                    ``(C) The exclusion provided in clause (viii) of 
                subparagraph (B) shall not apply for purposes of any 
                requirement to report contributions under this Act, and 
                all such contributions aggregating in excess of $200 
                shall be reported.''.
    (c) Reports by State Committees.--Section 304 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end 
thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Filing of State Reports.--In lieu of any report required to 
be filed by this Act, the Commission may allow a State committee of a 
political party to file with the Commission a report required to be 
filed under State law if the Commission determines such reports contain 
substantially the same information.''.
    (d) Other Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Authorized committees.--Paragraph (4) of section 304(b) 
        of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(4)) is amended by striking ``and'' at 
        the end of subparagraph (H), by inserting ``and'' at the end of 
        subparagraph (I), and by adding at the end the following new 
        subparagraph:
                    ``(J) in the case of an authorized committee, 
                disbursements for the primary election, the general 
                election, and any other election in which the candidate 
                participates;''.
            (2) Names and addresses.--Subparagraph (A) of section 
        304(b)(5) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``within the calendar year'', and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and the election to which the 
                operating expenditure relates'' after ``operating 
                expenditure''.

                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 401. CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH INTERMEDIARIES AND CONDUITS; 
              PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BY LOBBYISTS.

    (a) Contributions Through Intermediaries and Conduits.--Section 
315(a)(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(8) For the purposes of this subsection:
            ``(A) Contributions made by a person, either directly or 
        indirectly, to or on behalf of a particular candidate, 
        including contributions that are in any way earmarked or 
        otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to a 
        candidate, shall be treated as contributions from the person to 
        the candidate.
            ``(B) Contributions made directly or indirectly by a person 
        to or on behalf of a particular candidate through an 
        intermediary or conduit, including contributions made or 
        arranged to be made by an intermediary or conduit, shall be 
        treated as contributions from the intermediary or conduit to 
        the candidate if--
                    ``(i) the contributions made through the 
                intermediary or conduit are in the form of a check or 
                other negotiable instrument made payable to the 
                intermediary or conduit rather than the intended 
                recipient; or
                    ``(ii) the intermediary or conduit is--
                            ``(I) a political committee;
                            ``(II) an officer, employee, or agent of 
                        such a political committee;
                            ``(III) a political party;
                            ``(IV) a partnership or sole 
                        proprietorship;
                            ``(V) a person who is required to register 
                        or to report its lobbying activities, or a 
                        lobbyist whose activities are required to be 
                        reported, under section 308 of the Federal 
                        Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 267), the 
                        Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 
                        U.S.C. 611 et seq.), or any successor Federal 
                        law requiring a person who is a lobbyist or 
                        foreign agent to register or a person to report 
                        its lobbying activities; or
                            ``(VI) an organization prohibited from 
                        making contributions under section 316, or an 
                        officer, employee, or agent of such an 
                        organization acting on the organization's 
                        behalf.
            ``(C)(i) The term `intermediary or conduit' does not 
        include--
                    ``(I) a candidate or representative of a candidate 
                receiving contributions to the candidate's principal 
                campaign committee or authorized committee;
                    ``(II) a professional fundraiser compensated for 
                fundraising services at the usual and customary rate, 
                but only if the individual is not described in 
                subparagraph (B)(ii);
                    ``(III) a volunteer hosting a fundraising event at 
                the volunteer's home, in accordance with section 
                301(8)(B), but only if the individual is not described 
                in subparagraph (B)(ii); or
                    ``(IV) an individual who transmits a contribution 
                from the individual's spouse.
            ``(ii) The term `representative' means an individual who is 
        expressly authorized by the candidate to engage in fundraising, 
        and who occupies a significant position within the candidate's 
        campaign organization, provided that the individual is not 
        described in subparagraph (B)(ii).
            ``(iii) The term `contributions made or arranged to be 
        made' includes--
                    ``(I) contributions delivered to a particular 
                candidate or the candidate's authorized committee or 
                agent; and
                    ``(II) contributions directly or indirectly 
                arranged to be made to a particular candidate or the 
                candidate's authorized committee or agent, in a manner 
                that identifies directly or indirectly to the candidate 
                or authorized committee or agent the person who 
                arranged the making of the contributions or the person 
                on whose behalf such person was acting.
        Such term does not include contributions made, or arranged to 
        be made, by reason of an oral or written communication by a 
        Federal candidate or officeholder expressly advocating the 
        nomination for election, or election, of any other Federal 
        candidate and encouraging the making of a contribution to such 
        other candidate. 
            ``(iv) The term `acting on the organization's behalf' 
        includes the following activities by an officer, employee or 
        agent of a person described in subparagraph (B)(ii)(VI):
                    ``(I) Soliciting or directly or indirectly 
                arranging the making of a contribution to a particular 
                candidate in the name of, or by using the name of, such 
                a person.
                    ``(II) Soliciting or directly or indirectly 
                arranging the making of a contribution to a particular 
                candidate using other than incidental resources of such 
                a person.
                    ``(III) Soliciting contributions for a particular 
                candidate by substantially directing the solicitations 
                to other officers, employees, or agents of such a 
                person.
            ``(D) Nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit--
                    ``(i) bona fide joint fundraising efforts conducted 
                solely for the purpose of sponsorship of a fundraising 
                reception, dinner, or other similar event, in 
                accordance with rules prescribed by the Commission, 
                by--
                            ``(I) 2 or more candidates;
                            ``(II) 2 or more national, State, or local 
                        committees of a political party within the 
                        meaning of section 301(4) acting on their own 
                        behalf; or
                            ``(III) a special committee formed by 2 or 
                        more candidates, or a candidate and a national, 
                        State, or local committee of a political party 
                        acting on their own behalf; or
                    ``(ii) fundraising efforts for the benefit of a 
                candidate that are conducted by another candidate.
When a contribution is made to a candidate through an intermediary or 
conduit, the intermediary or conduit shall report the original source 
and the intended recipient of the contribution to the Commission and to 
the intended recipient.''.
    (b) Prohibition of Certain Contributions by Lobbyists.--Section 315 
of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 301, is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(j)(1) A lobbyist, or a political committee controlled by a 
lobbyist, shall not make contributions to, or solicit contributions for 
or on behalf of--
            ``(A) any member of Congress with whom the lobbyist has, 
        during the preceding 12 months, made a lobbying contact; or
            ``(B) any authorized committee of the President of the 
        United States if, during the preceding 12 months, the lobbyist 
        has made a lobbying contact with a covered executive branch 
        official.
    ``(2) A lobbyist who, or a lobbyist whose political committee, has 
made any contribution to, or solicited contributions for or on behalf 
of, any member of Congress or candidate for Congress (or any authorized 
committee of the President) shall not, during the 12 months following 
such contribution or solicitation, make a lobbying contact with such 
member or candidate who becomes a member of Congress (or a covered 
executive branch official).
    ``(3) If a lobbyist advises or otherwise suggests to a client of 
the lobbyist (including a client that is the lobbyist's regular 
employer), or to a political committee that is funded or administered 
by such a client, that the client or political committee should make a 
contribution to or solicit a contribution for or on behalf of--
            ``(A) a member of Congress or candidate for Congress, the 
        making or soliciting of such a contribution is prohibited if 
        the lobbyist has made a lobbying contact with the member of 
        Congress within the preceding 12 months; or
            ``(B) an authorized committee of the President, the making 
        or soliciting of such a contribution shall be unlawful if the 
        lobbyist has made a lobbying contact with a covered executive 
        branch official within the preceding 12 months.
    ``(4) For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(A) the term `covered executive branch official' means 
        the President, Vice-President, any officer or employee of the 
        executive office of the President other than a clerical or 
        secretarial employee, any officer or employee serving in an 
        Executive Level I, II, III, IV, or V position as designated in 
        statute or Executive order, any officer or employee serving in 
        a senior executive service position (as defined in section 
        3232(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code), any member of the 
        uniformed services whose pay grade is at or in excess of 0-7 
        under section 201 of title 37, United States Code, and any 
        officer or employee serving in a position of confidential or 
        policy-determining character under schedule C of the excepted 
        service pursuant to regulations implementing section 2103 of 
        title 5, United States Code;
            ``(B) the term `lobbyist' means--
                    ``(i) a person required to register under section 
                308 of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 
                267) or the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 
                U.S.C. 611 et seq.) or any successor Federal law 
                requiring a person who is a lobbyist or foreign agent 
                to register or a person to report its lobbying 
                activities; or
            ``(C) the term `lobbying contact'--
                    ``(i) means an oral or written communication with 
                or appearance before a member of Congress or covered 
                executive branch official made by a lobbyist 
                representing an interest of another person with regard 
                to--
                            ``(I) the formulation, modification, or 
                        adoption of Federal legislation (including a 
                        legislative proposal);
                            ``(II) the formulation, modification, or 
                        adoption of a Federal rule, regulation, 
                        Executive order, or any other program, policy 
                        or position of the United States Government; or
                            ``(III) the administration or execution of 
                        a Federal program or policy (including the 
                        negotiation, award, or administration of a 
                        Federal contract, grant, loan, permit, or 
                        license); but
                    ``(ii) does not include a communication that is--
                            ``(I) made by a public official acting in 
                        an official capacity;
                            ``(II) made by a representative of a media 
                        organization who is primarily engaged in 
                        gathering and disseminating news and 
                        information to the public;
                            ``(III) made in a speech, article, 
                        publication, or other material that is widely 
                        distributed to the public or through the media;
                            ``(IV) a request for an appointment, a 
                        request for the status of a Federal action, or 
                        another similar ministerial contact, if there 
                        is no attempt to influence a member of Congress 
                        or covered executive branch official at the 
                        time of the contact;
                            ``(V) made in the course of participation 
                        in an advisory committee subject to the Federal 
                        Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.);
                            ``(VI) testimony given before a committee, 
                        subcommittee, or office of Congress a Federal 
                        agency, or submitted for inclusion in the 
                        public record of a hearing conducted by the 
                        committee, subcommittee, or office;
                            ``(VII) information provided in writing in 
                        response to a specific written request from a 
                        member of Congress or covered executive branch 
                        official;
                            ``(VIII) required by subpoena, civil 
                        investigative demand, or otherwise compelled by 
                        statute, regulation, or other action of 
                        Congress or a Federal agency;
                            ``(IX) made to an agency official with 
                        regard to a judicial proceeding, criminal or 
                        civil law enforcement inquiry, investigation, 
                        or proceeding, or filing required by law;
                            ``(X) made in compliance with written 
                        agency procedures regarding an adjudication 
                        conducted by the agency under section 554 of 
                        title 5, United States Code, or substantially 
                        similar provisions;
                            ``(XI) a written comment filed in a public 
                        docket and other communication that is made on 
                        the record in a public proceeding;
                            ``(XII) a formal petition for agency 
                        action, made in writing pursuant to established 
                        agency procedures; or
                            ``(XIII) made on behalf of a person with 
                        regard to the person's benefits, employment, 
                        other personal matters involving only that 
                        person, or disclosures pursuant to a 
                        whistleblower statute.''.
    ``(5) For purposes of this subsection, a lobbyist shall be 
considered to make a lobbying contact or communication with a member of 
Congress if the lobbyist makes a lobbying contact or communication 
with--
                    ``(i) the member of Congress;
                    ``(ii) any person employed in the office of the 
                member of Congress; or
                    ``(iii) any person employed by a committee, joint 
                committee, or leadership office who, to the knowledge 
                of the lobbyist, was employed at the request of or is 
                employed at the pleasure of, reports primarily to, 
                represents, or acts as the agent of the member of 
                Congress.''.

SEC. 402. CONTRIBUTIONS BY DEPENDENTS NOT OF VOTING AGE.

    Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 401(b), 
is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(k) For purposes of this section, any contribution by an 
individual who--
            ``(1) is a dependent of another individual; and
            ``(2) has not, as of the time of such contribution, 
        attained the legal age for voting for elections to Federal 
        office in the State in which such individual resides,
shall be treated as having been made by such other individual. If such 
individual is the dependent of another individual and such other 
individual's spouse, the contribution shall be allocated among such 
individuals in the manner determined by them.''.

SEC. 403. CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANDIDATES FROM STATE AND LOCAL COMMITTEES 
              OF POLITICAL PARTIES TO BE AGGREGATED.

    Section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(9) A candidate for Federal office may not accept, with respect 
to an election, any contribution from a State or local committee of a 
political party (including any subordinate committee of such 
committee), if such contribution, when added to the total of 
contributions previously accepted from all such committees of that 
political party, exceeds a limitation on contributions to a candidate 
under this section.''.

SEC. 404. LIMITED EXCLUSION OF ADVANCES BY CAMPAIGN WORKERS FROM THE 
              DEFINITION OF THE TERM ``CONTRIBUTION''.

    Section 301(8)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (xiii), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in clause (xiv), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting: ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xv) any advance voluntarily made on behalf of an 
        authorized committee of a candidate by an individual in the 
        normal course of such individual's responsibilities as a 
        volunteer for, or employee of, the committee, if the advance is 
        reimbursed by the committee within 10 days after the date on 
        which the advance is made, and the value of advances on behalf 
        of a committee does not exceed $500 with respect to an 
        election.''.

                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 501. CHANGE IN CERTAIN REPORTING FROM A CALENDAR YEAR BASIS TO AN 
              ELECTION CYCLE BASIS.

    Paragraphs (2) through (7) of section 304(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434(b)(2)-(7)) are amended by inserting after ``calendar year'' each 
place it appears the following: ``(election cycle, in the case of an 
authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office)''.

SEC. 502. PERSONAL AND CONSULTING SERVICES.

    Section 304(b)(5)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) is amended by 
adding before the semicolon at the end the following: ``, except that 
if a person to whom an expenditure is made is merely providing personal 
or consulting services and is in turn making expenditures to other 
persons (not including employees) who provide goods or services to the 
candidate or his or her authorized committees, the name and address of 
such other person, together with the date, amount and purpose of such 
expenditure shall also be disclosed''.

SEC. 503. REDUCTION IN THRESHOLD FOR REPORTING OF CERTAIN INFORMATION 
              BY PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITICAL COMMITTEES.

    Section 304(b)(3)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(3)(A)) is amended by 
striking ``$200'' and inserting ``$50''.

SEC. 504. COMPUTERIZED INDICES OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 311(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 438(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (9);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (10) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) maintain computerized indices of contributions of 
        $50 or more.''.

                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

SEC. 601. USE OF CANDIDATES' NAMES.

    Section 302(e)(4) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 432(e)(4)) is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(4)(A) The name of each authorized committee shall include the 
name of the candidate who authorized the committee under paragraph (1).
    ``(B) A political committee that is not an authorized committee 
shall not include the name of any candidate in its name or use the name 
of any candidate in any activity on behalf of such committee in such a 
context as to suggest that the committee is an authorized committee of 
the candidate or that the use of the candidate's name has been 
authorized by the candidate.''.

SEC. 602. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Option To File Monthly Reports--Section 304(a)(2) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 434(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by inserting the following new subparagraph at the end:
            ``(C) in lieu of the reports required by subparagraphs (A) 
        and (B), the treasurer may file monthly reports in all calendar 
        years, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after 
        the last day of the month and shall be complete as of the last 
        day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the reports 
        otherwise due in November and December of any year in which a 
        regularly scheduled general election is held, a pre-primary 
        election report and a pre-general election report shall be 
        filed in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i), a post-general 
        election report shall be filed in accordance with subparagraph 
        (A)(ii), and a year end report shall be filed no later than 
        January 31 of the following calendar year.''.
    (b) Filing Date.--Section 304(a)(4)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434(a)(4)(B)) is amended by striking ``20th'' and inserting ``15th''.

SEC. 603. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE COMMISSION.

    (a) Vacancy in the Office of General Counsel.--Section 306(f) of 
FECA (2 U.S.C. 437c(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
    ``(5) In the event of a vacancy in the office of general counsel, 
the next highest ranking enforcement official in the general counsel's 
office shall serve as acting general counsel with full powers of the 
general counsel until a successor is appointed.''.
    (b) Pay of the General Counsel.--Section 306(f)(1) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437c(f)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``and the general counsel'' after ``staff 
        director'' in the second sentence; and
            (2) by striking the third sentence.

SEC. 604. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Basis for Enforcement Proceeding.--Section 309(a)(2) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``it has reason to believe 
that a person has committed, or is about to commit'' and inserting 
``facts have been alleged or ascertained that, if true, give reason to 
believe that a person may have committed, or may be about to commit''.
    (b) Authority To Seek Injunction.--(1) Section 309(a) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
    ``(13)(A) If, at any time in a proceeding described in paragraph 
(1), (2), (3), or (4), the Commission believes that--
            ``(i) there is a substantial likelihood that a violation of 
        this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue 
        Code of 1986 is occurring or is about to occur;
            ``(ii) the failure to act expeditiously will result in 
        irreparable harm to a party affected by the potential 
        violation;
            ``(iii) expeditious action will not cause undue harm or 
        prejudice to the interests of others; and
            ``(iv) the public interest would be best served by the 
        issuance of an injunction,
the Commission may initiate a civil action for a temporary restraining 
order or a temporary injunction pending the outcome of the proceedings 
described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4).
    ``(B) An action under subparagraph (A) shall be brought in the 
United States district court for the district in which the defendant 
resides, transacts business, or may be found.''.
    (2) Section 309(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
            (A) in paragraph (7) by striking ``(5) or (6)'' and 
        inserting ``(5), (6), or (13)''; and
            (B) in paragraph (11) by striking ``(6)'' and inserting 
        ``(6) or (13)''.

SEC. 605. PENALTIES.

    (a) Penalties Prescribed in Conciliation Agreements.--(1) Section 
309(a)(5)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(A)) is amended by striking 
``which does not exceed the greater of $5,000 or an amount equal to any 
contribution or expenditure involved in such violation'' and inserting 
``which is--
            ``(i) not less than 50 percent of all contributions and 
        expenditures involved in the violation (or such lesser amount 
        as the Commission provides if necessary to ensure that the 
        penalty is not unjustly disproportionate to the violation); and
            ``(ii) not greater than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation''.
    (2) Section 309(a)(5)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(B)) is 
amended by striking ``which does not exceed the greater of $10,000 or 
an amount equal to 200 percent of any contribution or expenditure 
involved in such violation'' and inserting ``which is--
            ``(i) not less than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 150 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation''.
    (b) Penalties When Violations Are Adjudicated in Court.--(1) 
Section 309(a)(6)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(A)) is amended by 
striking all that follows ``appropriate order'' and inserting ``, 
including an order for a civil penalty in the amount determined under 
subparagraph (A) or (B) in the district court of the United States for 
the district in which the defendant resides, transacts business, or may 
be found.''.
    (2) Section 309(a)(6)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(B)) is 
amended by striking all that follows ``other order'' and inserting ``, 
including an order for a civil penalty which is--
            ``(i) not less than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 200 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation,
upon a proper showing that the person involved has committed, or is 
about to commit (if the relief sought is a permanent or temporary 
injunction or a restraining order), a violation of this Act or chapter 
95 of chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
    (3) Section 309(a)(6)(C) of FECA (29 U.S.C. 437g(6)(C)) is amended 
by striking ``a civil penalty'' and all that follows and inserting ``a 
civil penalty which is--
            ``(i) not less than 200 percent of all contributions and 
        expenditures involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 250 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation.''.

SEC. 606. RANDOM AUDITS.

    Section 311(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 438(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``The Commission''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commission may from time 
to time conduct random audits and investigations to ensure voluntary 
compliance with this Act. The subjects of such audits and 
investigations shall be selected on the basis of criteria established 
by vote of at least 4 members of the Commission to ensure impartiality 
in the selection process. This paragraph does not apply to an 
authorized committee of an eligible Senate candidate subject to audit 
under section 505(a) or an authorized committee of an eligible House of 
Representatives candidate subject to audit under section 605(a).''.

SEC. 607. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 322 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441h) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``Sec. 322.'' the following: 
        ``(a)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) No person shall solicit contributions by falsely representing 
himself as a candidate or as a representative of a candidate, a 
political committee, or a political party.''.

SEC. 608. REGULATIONS RELATING TO USE OF NON-FEDERAL MONEY.

    Section 306 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437c) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(g) The Commission shall promulgate rules to prohibit devices or 
arrangements which have the purpose or effect of undermining or evading 
the provisions of this Act restricting the use of non-Federal money to 
affect Federal elections.''.

                        TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 701. PROHIBITION OF LEADERSHIP COMMITTEES.

    Section 302(e) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
    ``(3) No political committee that supports or has supported more 
than one candidate may be designated as an authorized committee, except 
that--
            ``(A) a candidate for the office of President nominated by 
        a political party may designate the national committee of such 
        political party as the candidate's principal campaign 
        committee, but only if that national committee maintains 
        separate books of account with respect to its functions as a 
        principal campaign committee; and
            ``(B) a candidate may designate a political committee 
        established solely for the purpose of joint fundraising by such 
        candidates as an authorized committee.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(6)(A) A candidate for Federal office or any individual holding 
Federal office may not establish, maintain, or control any political 
committee other than a principal campaign committee of the candidate, 
authorized committee, party committee, or other political committee 
designated in accordance with paragraph (3). A candidate for more than 
one Federal office may designate a separate principal campaign 
committee for each Federal office.
    ``(B) For one year after the effective date of this paragraph, any 
such political committee may continue to make contributions. At the end 
of that period such political committee shall disburse all funds by one 
or more of the following means: making contributions to an entity 
qualified under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 
making a contribution to the treasury of the United States; 
contributing to the national, State or local committees of a political 
party; or making contributions not to exceed $1,000 to candidates for 
elective office.''.

SEC. 702. POLLING DATA CONTRIBUTED TO CANDIDATES.

    Section 301(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)), as amended by section 
314(b), is amended by inserting at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
            ``(D) A contribution of polling data to a candidate shall 
        be valued at the fair market value of the data on the date the 
        poll was completed, depreciated at a rate not more than 1 
        percent per day from such date to the date on which the 
        contribution was made.''.

SEC. 703. SENSE OF THE SENATE THAT CONGRESS SHOULD CONSIDER ADOPTION OF 
              A JOINT RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE 
              CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD EMPOWER CONGRESS AND THE STATES 
              TO SET REASONABLE LIMITS ON CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES.

    It is the sense of the Senate that Congress should consider 
adoption of a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the 
Constitution that would--
            (1) empower Congress to set reasonable limits on campaign 
        expenditures by, in support of, or in opposition to any 
        candidate in any primary, general, or other election for 
        Federal office; and
            (2) empower the States to set reasonable limits on campaign 
        expenditures by, in support of, or in opposition to any 
        candidate in any primary, general, or other election for State 
        or local office.

SEC. 704. PERSONAL USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS.

    Section 313 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 439a) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a)'' before ``Amounts''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) For the purposes of this section, the term `personal use' 
means the use of funds in a campaign account of a present or former 
candidate to fulfill a commitment, obligation, or expense of any person 
that would exist irrespective of the candidate's campaign or duties as 
a holder of Federal office.''.

              TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

SEC. 801. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by, 
and the provisions of, this Act shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act but shall not apply with respect to activities in 
connection with any election occurring before January 1, 1996.

SEC. 802. SEVERABILITY.

    Except as provided in sections 101(c) and 121(b), if any provision 
of this Act (including any amendment made by this Act), or the 
application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, is 
held invalid, the validity of any other provision of this Act, or the 
application of such provision to other persons and circumstances, shall 
not be affected thereby.

SEC. 803. EXPEDITED REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    (a) Direct Appeal to Supreme Court.--An appeal may be taken 
directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any 
interlocutory order or final judgment, decree, or order issued by any 
court ruling on the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
amendment made by this Act.
    (b) Acceptance and Expedition.--The Supreme Court shall, if it has 
not previously ruled on the question addressed in the ruling below, 
accept jurisdiction over, advance on the docket, and expedite the 
appeal to the greatest extent possible.
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