[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1389 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

  1st Session
                                S. 1389

 To reform the financing of Federal elections, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            November 3, 1995

Mrs. Feinstein introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
         referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To reform the financing of Federal elections, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Senate Campaign Spending Limit and 
Election Reform Act of 1995''.

SEC. 2. AMENDMENT OF CAMPAIGN ACT; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Amendment of FECA.--When used in this Act, the term ``FECA'' 
means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.).
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Amendment of Campaign Act; table of contents.
         TITLE I--SENATE ELECTION SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS

Sec. 101. Senate election spending limits and benefits.
Sec. 102. Transition provisions.
Sec. 103. Free broadcast time.
Sec. 104. Broadcast rates and preemption.
Sec. 105. Reduced postage rates.
                   TITLE II--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 201. Candidate expenditures from personal funds.
Sec. 202. Restrictions on use of campaign funds for personal purposes.
Sec. 203. Campaign advertising amendments.
Sec. 204. Severability.
Sec. 205. Expedited review of constitutional issues.
Sec. 206. Effective date.
Sec. 207. Regulations.

         TITLE I--SENATE ELECTION SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS

SEC. 101. SENATE ELECTION SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS.

    FECA is amended by adding at the end the following new title:

 ``TITLE V--SPENDING LIMITS AND BENEFITS FOR SENATE ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

``SEC. 501. CANDIDATES ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE BENEFITS.

    ``(a) In General.--For purposes of this title, a candidate is an 
eligible Senate candidate if the candidate--
            ``(1) meets the primary and general election filing 
        requirements of subsections (c) and (d);
            ``(2) meets the primary and runoff election expenditure 
        limits of subsection (b);
            ``(3) meets the threshold contribution requirements of 
        subsection (e); and
            ``(4) does not exceed the limitation on expenditures from 
        personal funds under section 502(a).
    ``(b) Primary and Runoff Expenditure Limits.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if--
                    ``(A) the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees did not make expenditures for the primary 
                election in excess of the lesser of--
                            ``(i) 67 percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit under section 502(b); or
                            ``(ii) $2,750,000; and
                    ``(B) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees did not make expenditures for any runoff 
                election in excess of 20 percent of the general 
                election expenditure limit under section 502(b).
            ``(2) Indexing.--The $2,750,000 amount under paragraph 
        (1)(A)(ii) shall be increased as of the beginning of each 
        calendar year based on the increase in the price index 
        determined under section 315(c), except that the base period 
        shall be calendar year 1995.
            ``(3) Increase based on expenditures of opponent.--The 
        limitations under paragraph (1) with respect to any candidate 
        shall be increased by the aggregate amount of independent 
        expenditures in opposition to, or on behalf of any opponent of, 
        such candidate during the primary or runoff election period, 
        whichever is applicable, that are required to be reported to 
        the Secretary of the Senate with respect to such period under 
        section 304(c).
    ``(c) Primary Filing Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if the candidate files with the Secretary of the Senate a 
        certification that--
                    ``(A) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees--
                            ``(i) will meet the primary and runoff 
                        election expenditure limits of subsection (b); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) will only accept contributions for 
                        the primary and runoff elections which do not 
                        exceed such limits;
                    ``(B) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees will meet the limitation on expenditures 
                from personal funds under section 502(a); and
                    ``(C) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees will meet the general election expenditure 
                limit under section 502(b).
            ``(2) Deadline for filing certification.--The certification 
        under paragraph (1) shall be filed not later than the date the 
        candidate files as a candidate for the primary election.
    ``(d) General Election Filing Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if the candidate files a certification with the Secretary 
        of the Senate under penalty of perjury that--
                    ``(A) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees--
                            ``(i) met the primary and runoff election 
                        expenditure limits under subsection (b); and
                            ``(ii) did not accept contributions for the 
                        primary or runoff election in excess of the 
                        primary or runoff expenditure limit under 
                        subsection (b), whichever is applicable, 
                        reduced by any amounts transferred to this 
                        election cycle from a preceding election cycle;
                    ``(B) at least one other candidate has qualified 
                for the same general election ballot under the law of 
                the State involved;
                    ``(C) the candidate and the authorized committees 
                of the candidate--
                            ``(i) except as otherwise provided by this 
                        title, will not make expenditures that exceed 
                        the general election expenditure limit under 
                        section 502(b);
                            ``(ii) will not accept any contributions in 
                        violation of section 315;
                            ``(iii) except as otherwise provided by 
                        this title, will not accept any contribution 
                        for the general election involved to the extent 
                        that such contribution would cause the 
                        aggregate amount of contributions to exceed the 
                        sum of the amount of the general election 
                        expenditure limit under section 502(b), reduced 
                        by any amounts transferred to this election 
                        cycle from a previous election cycle and not 
                        taken into account under subparagraph (A)(ii);
                            ``(iv) will furnish campaign records, 
                        evidence of contributions, and other 
                        appropriate information to the Commission; and
                            ``(v) will cooperate in the case of any 
                        audit and examination by the Commission; and
                    ``(D) the candidate intends to make use of the 
                benefits provided under section 503.
            ``(2) Deadline for filing certification.--The certification 
        under paragraph (1) shall be filed not later than 7 days after 
        the earlier of--
                    ``(A) the date the candidate qualifies for the 
                general election ballot under State law; or
                    ``(B) if under State law, a primary or runoff 
                election to qualify for the general election ballot 
                occurs after September 1, the date the candidate wins 
                the primary or runoff election.
    ``(e) Threshold Contribution Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if the candidate and the candidate's authorized committees 
        have received allowable contributions during the applicable 
        period in an amount at least equal to the lesser of--
                    ``(A) 10 percent of the general election 
                expenditure limit under section 502(b); or
                    ``(B) $250,000.
            ``(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection--
                    ``(A) the term `allowable contributions' means 
                contributions that are made as gifts of money by an 
                individual pursuant to a written instrument identifying 
                such individual as the contributor; and
                    ``(B) the term `applicable period' means--
                            ``(i) the period beginning on January 1 of 
                        the calendar year preceding the calendar year 
                        of the general election involved and ending on 
                        the date on which the certification under 
                        subsection (c)(2) is filed by the candidate; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a special election 
                        for the office of United States Senator, the 
                        period beginning on the date the vacancy in 
                        such office occurs and ending on the date of 
                        the general election.

``SEC. 502. LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES.

    ``(a) Limitation on Use of Personal Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--The aggregate amount of expenditures 
        that may be made during an election cycle by an eligible Senate 
        candidate or such candidate's authorized committees from the 
        sources described in paragraph (2) shall not exceed the lesser 
        of--
                    ``(A) 10 percent of the general election 
                expenditure limit under subsection (b); or
                    ``(B) $250,000.
            ``(2) Sources.--A source is described in this subsection if 
        it is--
                    ``(A) personal funds of the candidate and members 
                of the candidate's immediate family; or
                    ``(B) personal loans incurred by the candidate and 
                members of the candidate's immediate family.
    ``(b) General Election Expenditure Limit.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        title, the aggregate amount of expenditures for a general 
        election by an eligible Senate candidate and the candidate's 
        authorized committees shall not exceed the lesser of--
                    ``(A) $5,500,000; or
                    ``(B) the greater of--
                            ``(i) $950,000; or
                            ``(ii) $400,000; plus
                                    ``(I) 30 cents multiplied by the 
                                voting age population not in excess of 
                                4,000,000; and
                                    ``(II) 25 cents multiplied by the 
                                voting age population in excess of 
                                4,000,000.
            ``(2) Exception.--In the case of an eligible Senate 
        candidate in a State that has not more than 1 transmitter for a 
        commercial Very High Frequency (VHF) television station 
        licensed to operate in that State, paragraph (1)(B)(ii) shall 
        be applied by substituting--
                    ``(A) `80 cents' for `30 cents' in subclause (I); 
                and
                    ``(B) `70 cents' for `25 cents' in subclause (II).
            ``(3) Indexing.--The amount otherwise determined under 
        paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the 
        same percentage as the percentage increase for such calendar 
        year under section 501(b)(2).
            ``(4) Increase based on expenditures of opponent.--The 
        limitations under paragraph (1) with respect to any candidate 
        shall be increased by the aggregate amount of independent 
        expenditures in opposition to, or on behalf of any opponent of, 
        such candidate during the primary or runoff election period, 
        whichever is applicable, that are required to be reported to 
        the Secretary of the Senate with respect to such period under 
        section 304(c).
    ``(c) Payment of Taxes.--The limitation under subsection (b) shall 
not apply to any expenditure for Federal, State, or local taxes with 
respect to earnings on contributions raised.

``SEC. 503. BENEFITS ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES ENTITLED TO RECEIVE.

    ``An eligible Senate candidate shall be entitled to receive--
            ``(1) the broadcast media rates provided under section 
        315(b) of the Communications Act of 1934;
            ``(2) the free broadcast time provided under section 315(c) 
        of such Act; and
            ``(3) the reduced postage rates provided in section 3626(e) 
        of title 39, United States Code.

``SEC. 504. CERTIFICATION BY COMMISSION.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 48 hours after a candidate 
qualifies for a general election ballot, the Commission shall certify 
the candidate's eligibility for free broadcast time under section 
315(b)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934. The Commission shall 
revoke such certification if it determines a candidate fails to 
continue to meet the requirements of this title.
    ``(b) Determinations by Commission.--All determinations (including 
certifications under subsection (a)) made by the Commission under this 
title shall be final, except to the extent that they are subject to 
examination and audit by the Commission under section 505.

``SEC. 505. REPAYMENTS; ADDITIONAL CIVIL PENALTIES.

    ``(a) Excess Payments; Revocation of Status.--If the Commission 
revokes the certification of a candidate as an eligible Senate 
candidate under section 504(a), the Commission shall notify the 
candidate, and the candidate shall pay an amount equal to the value of 
the benefits received under this title.
    ``(b) Misuse of Benefits.--If the Commission determines that any 
benefit made available to an eligible Senate candidate under this title 
was not used as provided for in this title, the Commission shall so 
notify the candidate and the candidate shall pay an amount equal to the 
value of such benefit.''.

SEC. 102. TRANSITION PROVISIONS.

    (a) Expenditures Made Prior to Date of Enactment.--(1) Expenditures 
made by an eligible Senate candidate on or prior to the date of 
enactment of this title shall not be counted against the limits 
specified in section 502 of FECA, as amended by section 101.
    (2) For purposes of this section, the term ``expenditure'' includes 
any direct or indirect payment or distribution or obligation to make 
payment or distribution of money.
    (b) Relationship to Other Titles.--The provisions of titles I 
through IV of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 shall remain in 
effect with respect to Senate election campaigns affected by this title 
or the amendments made by this title except to the extent that those 
provisions are inconsistent with this title or the amendments made by 
this title.

SEC. 103. FREE BROADCAST TIME.

    (a) In General.--Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
U.S.C. 315) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``within the meaning of this 
                subsection'' and inserting ``within the meaning of this 
                subsection and subsection (c)'';
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as 
                subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting immediately after subsection (b) 
                the following new subsection:
    ``(c)(1) An eligible Senate candidate who has qualified for the 
general election ballot shall be entitled to receive a total of 30 
minutes of free broadcast time from broadcasting stations within the 
State.
    ``(2) Unless a candidate elects otherwise, the broadcast time made 
available under this subsection shall be between 6:00 p.m. and 10:00 
p.m. on any day that falls on Monday through Friday.
    ``(3) If--
            ``(A) a licensee's audience with respect to any 
        broadcasting station is measured or rated by a recognized media 
        rating service in more than 1 State; and
            ``(B) during the period beginning on the first day 
        following the date of the last general election and ending on 
        the date of the next general election there is an election to 
        the United States Senate in more than 1 of such States,
the 30 minutes of broadcast time under this subsection shall be 
allocated equally among the States described in subparagraph (B).
    ``(4)(A) In the case of an election among more than 2 candidates, 
the broadcast time provided under paragraph (1) shall be allocated as 
follows:
            ``(i) The amount of broadcast time that shall be provided 
        to the candidate of a minor party shall be equal to the number 
        of minutes allocable to the State multiplied by the percentage 
        of the number of popular votes received by the candidate of 
        that party in the preceding general election for the Senate in 
        the State (or if subsection (d)(4)(B) applies, the percentage 
        determined under such subsection).
            ``(ii) The amount of broadcast time remaining after 
        assignment of broadcast time to minor party candidates under 
        clause (i) shall be allocated equally between the major party 
        candidates.
    ``(B) In the case of an election where only 1 candidate qualifies 
to be on the general election ballot, no time shall be required to be 
provided by a licensee under this subsection.
    ``(5) The Federal Election Commission shall by regulation exempt 
from the requirements of this subsection--
            ``(A) a licensee whose signal is broadcast substantially 
        nationwide; and
            ``(B) a licensee that establishes that such requirements 
        would impose a significant economic hardship on the 
        licensee.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d), as redesignated--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph 
                (1);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph 
                (2) and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
            ``(3) the term `major party' means, with respect to an 
        election for the United States Senate in a State, a political 
        party whose candidate for the United States Senate in the 
        preceding general election for the Senate in that State 
        received, as a candidate of that party, 25 percent or more of 
        the number of popular votes received by all candidates for the 
        Senate;
            ``(4) the term `minor party' means, with respect to an 
        election for the United States Senate in a State, a political 
        party--
                    ``(A) whose candidate for the United States Senate 
                in the preceding general election for the Senate in 
                that State received 5 percent or more but less than 25 
                percent of the number of popular votes received by all 
                candidates for the Senate; or
                    ``(B) whose candidate for the United States Senate 
                in the current general election for the Senate in that 
                State has obtained the signatures of at least 5 percent 
                of the State's registered voters, as determined by the 
                chief voter registration official of the State, in 
                support of a petition for an allocation of free 
                broadcast time under this subsection; and
            ``(5) the term `Senate election cycle' means, with respect 
        to an election to a seat in the United States Senate, the 2-
        year period ending on the date of the general election for that 
        seat.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to general elections occurring after December 31, 1995 (and the 
election cycles relating thereto).

SEC. 104. BROADCAST RATES AND PREEMPTION.

    (a) Broadcast Rates.--Section 315(b) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(b) The changes'' and inserting ``(b)(1) 
        The changes'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
            (3) in paragraph (1)(A), as redesignated--
                    (A) by striking ``forty-five'' and inserting 
                ``30''; and
                    (B) by striking ``lowest unit charge of the station 
                for the same class and amount of time for the same 
                period'' and inserting ``lowest charge of the station 
                for the same amount of time for the same period on the 
                same date''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(2) In the case of an eligible Senate candidate (as described in 
section 501(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act), the charges for 
the use of a television broadcasting station during the 30-day period 
and 60-day period referred to in paragraph (1)(A) shall not exceed 50 
percent of the lowest charge described in paragraph (1)(A).''.
    (b) Preemption; Access.--Section 315 of such Act (47 U.S.C. 315), 
as amended by section 102(a), is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as 
        redesignated, as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting immediately after subsection (c) the 
        following subsection:
    ``(d)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a licensee shall not 
preempt the use, during any period specified in subsection (b)(1)(A), 
of a broadcasting station by an eligible Senate candidate who has 
purchased and paid for such use pursuant to subsection (b)(2).
    ``(2) If a program to be broadcast by a broadcasting station is 
preempted because of circumstances beyond the control of the 
broadcasting station, any candidate advertising spot scheduled to be 
broadcast during that program may also be preempted.''.
    (c) Revocation of License for Failure To Permit Access.--Section 
312(a)(7) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 312(a)(7)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``or repeated'';
            (2) by inserting ``or cable system'' after ``broadcasting 
        station''; and
            (3) by striking ``his candidacy'' and inserting ``the 
        candidacy of such person, under the same terms, conditions, and 
        business practices as apply to its most favored advertiser''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to the general elections occurring after December 31, 1995 (and 
the election cycles relating thereto).

SEC. 105. REDUCED POSTAGE RATES.

    (a) In General.--Section 3626(e) of title 39, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``and the National'' and 
                        inserting ``the National''; and
                            (ii) by inserting before the semicolon the 
                        following: ``, and, subject to paragraph (3), 
                        the principal campaign committee of an eligible 
                        Senate candidate;'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding after subparagraph (C) the following 
                new subparagraphs:
            ``(D) the term `principal campaign committee' has the 
        meaning given such term in section 301 of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971; and
            ``(E) the term `eligible Senate candidate' has the meaning 
        given such term in section 501(a) of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971.''; and
            (2) by adding after paragraph (2) the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(3) The rate made available under this subsection with respect to 
an eligible Senate candidate shall apply only to that number of pieces 
of mail equal to 2 times the number of individuals in the voting age 
population (as certified under section 315(e) of such Act) of the 
State.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to the general elections occurring after December 31, 1995 (and 
the election cycles relating thereto).

                   TITLE II--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 201. CANDIDATE EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.

    Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(i)(1)(A) Not later than 15 days after a candidate qualifies for 
a primary election ballot under State law, the candidate shall file 
with the Commission, and each other candidate who has qualified for 
that ballot, a declaration stating whether the candidate intends to 
expend during the election cycle an amount exceeding $250,000 from--
            ``(i) the candidate's personal funds;
            ``(ii) the funds of the candidate's immediate family; and
            ``(iii) personal loans incurred by the candidate and the 
        candidate's immediate family in connection with the candidate's 
        election campaign.
    ``(B) The declaration required by subparagraph (A) shall be in such 
form and contain such information as the Commission may require by 
regulation.
    ``(2) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the limitations on 
contributions under subsection (a) shall be modified as provided under 
paragraph (3) with respect to other candidates for the same office who 
are not described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C), if the candidate--
            ``(A) declares under paragraph (1) that the candidate 
        intends to expend for the primary and general election funds 
        described in such paragraph in an amount exceeding $250,000;
            ``(B) expends such funds in the primary and general 
        election in an amount exceeding $250,000; or
            ``(C) fails to file the declaration required by paragraph 
        (1).
    ``(3) For purposes of paragraph (2)--
            ``(A) the limitation under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be 
        increased to $5,000; and
            ``(B) if a candidate described in paragraph (2)(B) expends 
        more than $1,000,000 of funds described in paragraph (1) in the 
        primary and general elections the limitation under subsection 
        (a)(1)(A) shall not apply.
    ``(4) If--
            ``(A) the modifications under paragraph (3) apply for a 
        convention or a primary election by reason of 1 or more 
        candidates taking (or failing to take) any action described in 
        subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (2); and
            ``(B) such candidates are not candidates in any subsequent 
        election in the same election campaign, including the general 
        election,
paragraph (3) shall cease to apply to the other candidates in such 
campaign.
    ``(5) No increase described in paragraph (3) shall apply under 
paragraph (2) to noneligible Senate candidates in any election if 
eligible Senate candidates are participating in the same election 
campaign.
    ``(6) A candidate who--
            ``(A) declares, pursuant to paragraph (1), that the 
        candidate does not intend to expend funds described in 
        paragraph (1) in excess of $250,000; and
            ``(B) subsequently changes such declaration or expends such 
        funds in excess of that amount,
shall file an amended declaration with the Commission and notify all 
other candidates for the same office not later than 24 hours after 
changing such declaration or exceeding such limits, whichever first 
occurs, by sending a notice by certified mail, return receipt 
requested.''.

SEC. 202. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR PERSONAL PURPOSES.

    (a) Restrictions on Use of Campaign Funds.--Title III of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:

     ``restrictions on use of campaign funds for personal purposes

    ``Sec. 324. (a) An individual who receives contributions as a 
candidate for Federal office--
            ``(1) shall use such contributions only for legitimate and 
        verifiable campaign expenses; and
            ``(2) shall not use such contributions for any inherently 
        personal purpose.
    ``(b) As used in this subsection--
            ``(1) the term `campaign expenses' means expenses 
        attributable solely to bona fide campaign purposes; and
            ``(2) the term `inherently personal purpose' means a 
        purpose that, by its nature, confers a personal benefit, 
        including a home mortgage payment, clothing purchase, 
        noncampaign automobile expense, country club membership, 
        vacation, or trip of a noncampaign nature, and any other 
        inherently personal living expense as determined under the 
        regulations promulgated pursuant to section 302(b) of the 
        Senate Campaign Spending Limit and Election Reform Act of 
        1995.''.
    (b) Regulations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Federal Election Commission shall 
promulgate regulations to implement subsection (a). Such regulations 
shall apply to all contributions possessed by an individual at the time 
of implementation of this section.

SEC. 203. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 318 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Whenever'' and inserting 
                        ``Whenever a political committee makes a 
                        disbursement for the purpose of financing any 
                        communication through any broadcasting station, 
                        newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising 
                        facility, mailing, or any other type of general 
                        public political advertising, or whenever'';
                            (ii) by striking ``an expenditure'' and 
                        inserting ``a disbursement''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``direct''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``and permanent 
                street address'' after ``name''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall 
be--
            ``(1) of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
        recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
        contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) consist of a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d)(1) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(2) shall include, in addition to 
the requirements of those subsections, an audio statement by the 
candidate that identifies the candidate and states that the candidate 
has approved the communication.
    ``(2) If a broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
paragraph (1) is broadcast or cablecast by means of television, the 
communication shall include, in addition to the audio statement under 
paragraph (1), a written statement which--
            ``(A) states: `I (name of the candidate), am a candidate 
        for (the office the candidate is seeking) and I have approved 
        this message';
            ``(B) appears at the end of the communication in a clearly 
        readable manner with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement, for a period 
        of at least 4 seconds; and
            ``(C) is accompanied by a clearly identifiable photographic 
        or similar image of the candidate.
    ``(e) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(3) shall include, in addition to the requirements of 
those subsections, in a clearly spoken manner, the following statement: 
`________________ is responsible for the content of this 
advertisement.' (with the blank to be filled in with the name of the 
political committee or other person paying for the communication and 
the name of any connected organization of the payor). If broadcast or 
cablecast by means of television, the statement shall also appear in a 
clearly readable manner with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
between the background and the printed statement, for a period of at 
least 4 seconds.''.

SEC. 204. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of such provision or amendment to any person or 
circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, 
the amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions 
of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.

SEC. 205. EXPEDITED REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    (a) Direct Appeal to Supreme Court.--An appeal may be taken 
directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any 
interlocutory order or final judgment, decree, or order issued by any 
court ruling on the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
amendment made by this Act.
    (b) Acceptance and Expedition.--The Supreme Court shall, if it has 
not previously ruled on the question addressed in the ruling below, 
accept jurisdiction over, advance on the docket, and expedite the 
appeal to the greatest extent possible.

SEC. 206. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by, 
and the provisions of, this Act shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 207. REGULATIONS.

    The Federal Election Commission shall prescribe any regulations 
required to carry out this Act not later than 9 months after the 
effective date of this Act.
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