[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 78 Introduced in House (IH)]







104th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 H. R. 78

   To protect the right to obtain firearms for security, and to use 
 firearms in defense of self, family, or home, and to provide for the 
                       enforcement of such right.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            January 4, 1995

Mr. Bartlett of Maryland (for himself, Mr. Barton of Texas, Mr. Duncan, 
Mr. Crane, Mr. Emerson, Mr. Solomon, Mr. Condit, Mr. Coble, Mr. Burton 
   of Indiana, Mr. Hunter, Mr. Callahan, Mr. Dornan, Mr. Crapo, Mr. 
  Combest, Mr. Cunningham, Mr. Moorhead, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Gekas, Mr. 
Brewster, Mr. Hall of Texas, Mr. Quillen, Mr. Boucher, Mr. Sam Johnson 
 of Texas, Mr. Royce, Mr. Barcia, Mr. Young of Alaska, Mr. Hayes, Mr. 
   Skeen, Mr. Doolittle, Mr. Stump, Mr. Hutchinson, Mr. Packard, Mr. 
  Collins of Georgia, Mr. Chrysler, and Mr. Schaefer), introduced the 
  following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To protect the right to obtain firearms for security, and to use 
 firearms in defense of self, family, or home, and to provide for the 
                       enforcement of such right.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Citizens' Self-Defense Act of 
1995''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Police cannot protect, and are not legally liable for 
        failing to protect, individual citizens, as evidenced by the 
        following:
                    (A) The courts have consistently ruled that the 
                police do not have an obligation to protect 
                individuals, only the public in general. For example, 
                in Warren v. District of Columbia Metropolitan Police 
                Department, 444 A.2d 1 (D.C. App. 1981), the court 
                stated: ``[C]ourts have without exception concluded 
                that when a municipality or other governmental entity 
                undertakes to furnish police services, it assumes a 
                duty only to the public at large and not to individual 
                members of the community.''.
                    (B) Former Florida Attorney General Jim Smith told 
                Florida legislators that police responded to only 
                200,000 of 700,000 calls for help to Dade County 
                authorities.
                    (C) The United States Department of Justice found 
                that, in 1989, there were 168,881 crimes of violence 
                for which police had not responded within 1 hour.
                    (D) Currently, there are about 150,000 police 
                officers on duty at any one time.
            (2) Citizens frequently must use firearms to defend 
        themselves, as evidenced by the following:
                    (A) Every year, more than 2,400,000 people in the 
                United States use a gun to defend themselves against 
                criminals--or more than 6,500 people a day. This means 
                that, each year, firearms are used 60 times more often 
                to protect the lives of honest citizens than to take 
                lives.
                    (B) Of the 2,400,000 self-defense cases, more than 
                192,000 are by women defending themselves against 
                sexual abuse.
                    (C) Of the 2,400,000 times citizens use their guns 
                to defend themselves every year, 92 percent merely 
                brandish their gun or fire a warning shot to scare off 
                their attackers. Less than 8 percent of the time, does 
                a citizen kill or wound his or her attacker.
            (3) Law-abiding citizens, seeking only to provide for their 
        families' defense, are routinely prosecuted for brandishing or 
        using a firearm in self- defense. For example:
                    (A) In 1986, Don Bennett of Oak Park, Illinois, was 
                shot at by 2 men who had just stolen $1,200 in cash and 
                jewelry from his suburban Chicago service station. The 
                police arrested Bennett for violating Oak Park's 
                handgun ban. The police never caught the actual 
                criminals.
                    (B) Ronald Biggs, a resident of Goldsboro, North 
                Carolina, was arrested for shooting an intruder in 
                1990. Four men broke into Biggs' residence one night, 
                ransacked the home and then assaulted him with a 
                baseball bat. When Biggs attempted to escape through 
                the back door, the group chased him and Biggs turned 
                and shot one of the assailants in the stomach. Biggs 
                was arrested and charged with assault with a deadly 
                weapon--a felony. His assailants were charged with 
                misdemeanors.
                    (C) Don Campbell of Port Huron, Michigan, was 
                arrested, jailed, and criminally charged after he shot 
                a criminal assailant in 1991. The thief had broken into 
                Campbell's store and attacked him. The prosecutor plea-
                bargained with the assailant and planned to use him to 
                testify against Campbell for felonious use of a 
                firearm. Only after intense community pressure did the 
                prosecutor finally drop the charges.
            (4) The courts have granted immunity from prosecution to 
        police officers who use firearms in the line of duty. 
        Similarly, law-abiding citizens who use firearms to protect 
        themselves, their families, and their homes against violent 
        felons should not be subject to lawsuits by the violent felons 
        who sought to victimize them.

SEC. 3. RIGHT TO OBTAIN FIREARMS FOR SECURITY, AND TO USE FIREARMS IN 
              DEFENSE OF SELF, FAMILY, OR HOME; ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Reaffirmation of Right.--A person not prohibited from receiving 
a firearm by Public Law 90-351 shall have the right to obtain firearms 
for security, and to use firearms--
                    (A) in defense of self or family against a 
                reasonably perceived threat of imminent and unlawful 
                infliction of serious bodily injury.
                    (B) in defense of self or family in the course of 
                the commission by another person of a violent felony 
                against the person or a member of the person's family; 
                and
                    (C) in defense of the person's home in the course 
                of the commission of a felony by another person.
    (b) Firearm Defined.--As used in subsection (a), the term 
``firearm'' means--
            (1) a shotgun (as defined in section 921(a)(5) of title 18, 
        United States Code);
            (2) a rifle (as defined in section 921(a)(7) of title 18, 
        United States Code); or
            (3) a handgun (as defined in section 10 of Public Law 99-
        408).
    (c) Enforcement of Right.--
            (1) In general.--A person whose right under subsection (a) 
        is violated in any manner may bring an action in any United 
        States district court against the United States, any State, or 
        any person for damages, injunctive relief, and such other 
        relief as the court deems appropriate.
            (2) Authority to award a reasonable attorney's fee.--In an 
        action brought under paragraph (1), the court, in its 
        discretion, may allow the prevailing plaintiff a reasonable 
        attorney's fee as part of the costs.
            (3) Statute of limitations.--An action may not be brought 
        under paragraph (1) after the 5-year period that begins with 
        the date the violation described in paragraph (1) is 
        discovered.
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