[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3730 Introduced in House (IH)]







104th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 3730

  To take measures to protect the security of the United States from 
         proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 27, 1996

  Mr. Spratt (for himself and Mr. McCollum) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on National Security, and in 
    addition to the Committees on International Relations, and the 
 Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, 
 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
                jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To take measures to protect the security of the United States from 
         proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Defense Against Weapons of Mass 
Destruction Act of 1996''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Weapons of mass destruction and related materials and 
        technologies are increasingly available from worldwide sources. 
        Technical information relating to such weapons is readily 
        available on the Internet, and raw materials for chemical, 
        biological, and radiological weapons are widely available for 
        legitimate commercial purposes.
            (2) The former Soviet Union produced and maintained a vast 
        array of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons of mass 
        destruction.
            (3) Many of the states of the former Soviet Union retain 
        the facilities, materials, and technologies capable of 
        producing additional quantities of weapons of mass destruction.
            (4) The disintegration of the former Soviet Union was 
        accompanied by disruptions of command and control systems, 
        deficiencies in accountability for weapons, weapons-related 
        materials and technologies, economic hardships, and significant 
        gaps in border control among the states of the former Soviet 
        Union. The problems of organized crime and corruption in the 
        states of the former Soviet Union increase the potential for 
        proliferation of nuclear, radiological, biological, and 
        chemical weapons and related materials.
            (5) The conditions described in paragraph (4) have 
        substantially increased the ability of potentially hostile 
        nations, terrorist groups, and individuals to acquire weapons 
        of mass destruction and related materials and technologies from 
        within the states of the former Soviet Union and from 
        unemployed scientists who worked on those programs.
            (6) As a result of such conditions, the capability of 
        potentially hostile nations and terrorist groups to acquire 
        nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical weapons is 
        greater than any time in history.
            (7) The President has identified North Korea, Iraq, Iran, 
        and Libya as hostile states which already possess some weapons 
        of mass destruction and are developing others.
            (8) The acquisition or the development and use of weapons 
        of mass destruction is well within the capability of many 
        extremist and terrorist movements, acting independently or as 
        proxies for foreign states.
            (9) Foreign states can transfer weapons to or otherwise aid 
        extremist and terrorist movements indirectly and with plausible 
        deniability.
            (10) Terrorist groups have already conducted chemical 
        attacks against civilian targets in the United States and 
        Japan, and a radiological attack in Russia.
            (11) The potential for the national security of the United 
        States to be threatened by nuclear, radiological, chemical, or 
        biological terrorism must be taken as seriously as the risk of 
        an attack by long-range ballistic missiles carrying nuclear 
        weapons.
            (12) There is a significant and growing threat of attack by 
        weapons of mass destruction on targets that are not military 
        targets in the usual sense of the term.
            (13) Concomitantly, the threat posed to the citizens of the 
        United States by nuclear, radiological, biological, and 
        chemical weapons delivered by unconventional means is 
        significant and growing.
            (14) Mass terror may result from terrorist incidents 
        involving nuclear, radiological, biological, or chemical 
        materials, even if such materials are not configured as 
        military weapons.
            (15) Facilities required for production of radiological, 
        biological, and chemical weapons are much smaller and harder to 
        detect than nuclear weapons facilities, and biological, and 
        chemical weapons can be deployed by alternative delivery means 
        that are much harder to detect than long-range ballistic 
        missiles.
            (16) Such delivery systems have no assignment of 
        responsibility, unlike ballistic missiles, for which a launch 
        location would be unambiguously known.
            (17) Covert or unconventional means of delivery of nuclear, 
        radiological, biological, and chemical weapons, which might be 
        preferable to foreign states and nonstate organizations, 
        include cargo ships, passenger aircraft, commercial and private 
        vehicles and vessels, and commercial cargo shipments routed 
        through multiple destinations.
            (18) Traditional arms control efforts assume large state 
        efforts with detectable manufacturing programs and weapons 
        production programs, but are ineffective in monitoring and 
        controlling smaller, though potentially more dangerous, 
        unconventional proliferation efforts.
            (19) Conventional counterproliferation efforts would do 
        little to detect or prevent the rapid development of a 
        capability to suddenly manufacture several hundred chemical or 
        biological weapons with nothing but commercial supplies and 
        equipment.
            (20) The United States lacks adequate planning and 
        countermeasures to address the threat of nuclear, radiological, 
        biological, and chemical terrorism.
            (21) The Department of Energy has established a Nuclear 
        Emergency Response Team which is available in case of nuclear 
        or radiological emergencies, but no comparable units exist to 
        deal with emergencies involving biological, or chemical weapons 
        or related materials.
            (22) State and local emergency response personnel are not 
        adequately prepared or trained for incidents involving nuclear, 
        radiological, biological, or chemical materials.
            (23) Exercises of the Federal, State, and local response to 
        nuclear, radiological, biological, or chemical terrorism have 
        revealed serious deficiencies in preparedness and severe 
        problems of coordination.
            (24) The development of, and allocation of responsibilities 
        for, effective countermeasures to nuclear, radiological, 
        biological, or chemical terrorism in the United States requires 
        well-coordinated participation of many Federal agencies, and 
        careful planning by the Federal Government and State and local 
        governments.
            (25) Training and exercises can significantly improve the 
        preparedness of State and local emergency response personnel 
        for emergencies involving nuclear, radiological, biological, or 
        chemical weapons or related materials.
            (26) Sharing of the expertise and capabilities of the 
        Department of Defense, which traditionally has provided 
        assistance to Federal, State, and local officials in 
        neutralizing, dismantling, and disposing of explosive ordnance, 
        as well as radiological, biological, and chemical materials, 
        can be a vital contribution to the development and deployment 
        of countermeasures against nuclear, biological, and chemical 
        weapons of mass destruction.
            (27) The United States lacks effective policy coordination 
        regarding the threat posed by the proliferation of weapons of 
        mass destruction.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) The term ``weapon of mass destruction'' means any 
        weapon or device that is intended, or has the capability, to 
        cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of 
        people through the release, dissemination, or impact of--
                    (A) toxic or poisonous chemicals or their 
                precursors;
                    (B) a disease organism; or
                    (C) radiation or radioactivity.
            (2) The term ``independent states of the former Soviet 
        Union'' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
        FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5801).
            (3) The term ``highly enriched uranium'' means uranium 
        enriched to 20 percent or more in the isotope U-235.

                     TITLE I--DOMESTIC PREPAREDNESS

SEC. 101. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Program Required.--(1) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out 
a program to provide civilian personnel of Federal, State, and local 
agencies with training and expert advice regarding emergency responses 
to a use or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction or related 
materials.
    (2) The President may designate the head of an agency other than 
the Department of Defense to assume the responsibility for carrying out 
the program on or after October 1, 1999, and relieve the Secretary of 
Defense of that responsibility upon the assumption of the 
responsibility by the designated official.
    (3) Hereafter in this section, the official responsible for 
carrying out the program is referred to as the ``lead official''.
    (b) Coordination.--In carrying out the program, the lead official 
shall coordinate with each of the following officials who is not 
serving as the lead official:
            (1) The Director of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency.
            (2) The Secretary of Energy.
            (3) The Secretary of Defense.
            (4) The heads of any other Federal, State, and local 
        government agencies that have an expertise or responsibilities 
        relevant to emergency responses described in subsection (a)(1).
    (c) Eligible Participants.--The civilian personnel eligible to 
receive assistance under the program are civilian personnel of Federal, 
State, and local agencies who have emergency preparedness 
responsibilities.
    (d) Involvement of Other Federal Agencies.--(1) The lead official 
may use personnel and capabilities of Federal agencies outside the 
agency of the lead official to provide training and expert advice under 
the program.
    (2)(A) Personnel used under paragraph (1) shall be personnel who 
have special skills relevant to the particular assistance that the 
personnel are to provide.
    (B) Capabilities used under paragraph (1) shall be capabilities 
that are especially relevant to the particular assistance for which the 
capabilities are used.
    (e) Available Assistance.--Assistance available under this program 
shall include the following:
            (1) Training in the use, operation, and maintenance of 
        equipment for--
                    (A) detecting a chemical or biological agent or 
                nuclear radiation;
                    (B) monitoring the presence of such an agent or 
                radiation;
                    (C) protecting emergency personnel and the public; 
                and
                    (D) decontamination.
            (2) Establishment of a designated telephonic link (commonly 
        referred to as a ``hot line'') to a designated source of 
        relevant data and expert advice for the use of State or local 
        officials responding to emergencies involving a weapon of mass 
        destruction or related materials.
            (3) Use of the National Guard and other reserve components 
        for purposes authorized under this section that are specified 
        by the lead official (with the concurrence of the Secretary of 
        Defense if the Secretary is not the lead official).
            (4) Loan of appropriate equipment.
    (f) Limitations on Department of Defense Assistance to Law 
Enforcement Agencies.--Assistance provided by the Department of Defense 
to law enforcement agencies under this section shall be provided under 
the authority of, and subject to the restrictions provided in, chapter 
18 of title 10, United States Code.
    (g) Administration of Department of Defense Assistance.--The 
Secretary of Defense shall designate an official within the Department 
of Defense to serve as the executive agent of the Secretary for the 
coordination of the provision of Department of Defense assistance under 
this section.
    (h) Funding.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal 
year 1997, $35,000,000 is available for the program required under this 
section.
    (2) Of the amount available for the program pursuant to paragraph 
(1), $10,500,000 is available for use by the Secretary of Defense to 
assist the Surgeon General of the United States in the establishment of 
metropolitan emergency medical response teams (commonly referred to as 
``Metropolitan Medical Strike Force Teams'') to provide medical 
services that are necessary or potentially necessary by reason of a use 
or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction.
    (3) The amount available for the program under paragraph (1) is in 
addition to any other amount authorized to be appropriated for the 
program under any other provision of law.

SEC. 102. NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

    (a) Department of Defense.--The Secretary of Defense shall 
designate an official within the Department of Defense as the executive 
agent for--
            (1) the coordination of Department of Defense assistance to 
        Federal, State, and local officials in responding to threats 
        involving biological or chemical weapons or related materials 
        or technologies, including assistance in identifying, 
        neutralizing, dismantling, and disposing of biological and 
        chemical weapons and related materials and technologies; and
            (2) the coordination of Department of Defense assistance to 
        the Department of Energy in carrying out that department's 
        responsibilities under subsection (b).
    (b) Department of Energy.--The Secretary of Energy shall designate 
an official within the Department of Energy as the executive agent 
for--
            (1) the coordination of Department of Energy assistance to 
        Federal, State, and local officials in responding to threats 
        involving nuclear weapons or related materials or technologies, 
        including assistance in identifying, neutralizing, dismantling, 
        and disposing of nuclear weapons and related materials and 
        technologies; and
            (2) the coordination of Department of Energy assistance to 
        the Department of Defense in carrying out that department's 
        responsibilities under subsection (a).
    (c) Funding.--(1)(A) Of the total amount authorized to be 
appropriated for the Department of Defense for operation and 
maintenance for fiscal year 1997, $15,000,000 is available for 
providing assistance described in subsection (a).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (A) for providing 
assistance described in subsection (a) is in addition to any other 
amount authorized to be appropriated by any other provision of law for 
that purpose.
    (2)(A) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated for 
national defense programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal year 
1997, $15,000,000 is available for providing assistance described in 
subsection (b).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (A) for providing 
assistance is in addition to any other amount authorized to be 
appropriated under any other provision of law for that purpose.

SEC. 103. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN 
              EMERGENCY SITUATIONS INVOLVING BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL 
              WEAPONS.

    (a) Assistance Authorized.--(1) Chapter 18 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 382. Emergency situations involving chemical or biological 
              weapons of mass destruction
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Defense, upon the request of 
the Attorney General, may provide assistance in support of Department 
of Justice activities relating to the enforcement of section 175 or 
2332c of title 18 during an emergency situation involving a biological 
or chemical weapon of mass destruction. Department of Defense 
resources, including personnel of the Department of Defense, may be 
used to provide such assistance if--
            ``(1) the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General 
        jointly determine that an emergency situation exists; and
            ``(2) the Secretary of Defense determines that the 
        provision of such assistance will not adversely affect the 
        military preparedness of the United States.
    ``(b) Emergency Situations Covered.--In this section, the term 
`emergency situation involving a biological or chemical weapon of mass 
destruction' means a circumstance involving a biological or chemical 
weapon of mass destruction--
            ``(1) that poses a serious threat to the interests of the 
        United States; and
            ``(2) in which--
                    ``(A) civilian expertise and capabilities are not 
                readily available to provide the required assistance to 
                counter the threat immediately posed by the weapon 
                involved;
                    ``(B) special capabilities and expertise of the 
                Department of Defense are necessary and critical to 
                counter the threat posed by the weapon involved; and
                    ``(C) enforcement of section 175 or 2332c of title 
                18 would be seriously impaired if the Department of 
                Defense assistance were not provided.
    ``(c) Forms of Assistance.--The assistance referred to in 
subsection (a) includes the operation of equipment (including equipment 
made available under section 372 of this title) to monitor, contain, 
disable, or dispose of the weapon involved or elements of the weapon.
    ``(d) Regulations.--(1) The Secretary of Defense and the Attorney 
General shall jointly issue regulations concerning the types of 
assistance that may be provided under this section. Such regulations 
shall also describe the actions that Department of Defense personnel 
may take in circumstances incident to the provision of assistance under 
this section.
    ``(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the regulations 
may not authorize the following actions:
            ``(i) Arrest.
            ``(ii) Any direct participation in conducting a search for 
        or seizure of evidence related to a violation of section 175 or 
        2332c of title 18.
            ``(iii) Any direct participation in the collection of 
        intelligence for law enforcement purposes.
    ``(B) The regulations may authorize an action described in 
subparagraph (A) to be taken under the following conditions:
            ``(i) The action is considered necessary for the immediate 
        protection of human life, and civilian law enforcement 
        officials are not capable of taking the action.
            ``(ii) The action is otherwise authorized under subsection 
        (c) or under otherwise applicable law.
    ``(e) Reimbursements.--The Secretary of Defense shall require 
reimbursement as a condition for providing assistance under this 
section to the extent required under section 377 of this title.
    ``(f) Delegations of Authority.--(1) Except to the extent otherwise 
provided by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense 
may exercise the authority of the Secretary of Defense under this 
section. The Secretary of Defense may delegate the Secretary's 
authority under this section only to an Under Secretary of Defense or 
an Assistant Secretary of Defense and only if the Under Secretary or 
Assistant Secretary to whom delegated has been designated by the 
Secretary to act for, and to exercise the general powers of, the 
Secretary.
    ``(2) Except to the extent otherwise provided by the Attorney 
General, the Deputy Attorney General may exercise the authority of the 
Attorney General under this section. The Attorney General may delegate 
that authority only to the Associate Attorney General or an Assistant 
Attorney General and only if the Associate Attorney General or 
Assistant Attorney General to whom delegated has been designated by the 
Attorney General to act for, and to exercise the general powers of, the 
Attorney General.
    ``(g) Relationship to Other Authority.--Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to restrict any executive branch authority regarding 
use of members of the armed forces or equipment of the Department of 
Defense that was in effect before the date of the enactment of the 
Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by adding at the end the following new item:

``382. Emergency situations involving chemical or biological weapons of 
                            mass destruction.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment to Condition for Providing Equipment and 
Facilities.--Section 372(b)(1) of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``The 
requirement for a determination that an item is not reasonably 
available from another source does not apply to assistance provided 
under section 382 of this title pursuant to a request of the Attorney 
General for the assistance.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments Relating to Authority To Request 
Assistance.--(1)(A) Chapter 10 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 175 the following new section:
``Sec. 175a. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in 
              certain emergencies
    ``The Attorney General may request the Secretary of Defense to 
provide assistance under section 382 of title 10 in support of 
Department of Justice activities relating to the enforcement of section 
175 of this title in an emergency situation involving a biological 
weapon of mass destruction. The authority to make such a request may be 
exercised by another official of the Department of Justice in 
accordance with section 382(f)(2) of title 10.''.
    (B) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 175 the 
following new item:

``175a. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in 
                            certain emergencies.''.
    (2)(A) The chapter 133B of title 18, United States Code, that 
relates to terrorism is amended by inserting after section 2332c the 
following new section:
``Sec. 2332d. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition 
              in certain emergencies
    ``The Attorney General may request the Secretary of Defense to 
provide assistance under section 382 of title 10 in support of 
Department of Justice activities relating to the enforcement of section 
2332c of this title during an emergency situation involving a chemical 
weapon of mass destruction. The authority to make such a request may be 
exercised by another official of the Department of Justice in 
accordance with section 382(f)(2) of title 10.''.
    (B) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2332c the 
following new item:

``2332d. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in 
                            certain emergencies.''.
    (d) Civilian Expertise.--The President shall take reasonable 
measures to reduce the reliance of civilian law enforcement officials 
on Department of Defense resources to counter the threat posed by the 
use or potential use of biological and chemical weapons of mass 
destruction within the United States. The measures shall include--
            (1) actions to increase civilian law enforcement expertise 
        to counter such a threat; and
            (2) actions to improve coordination between civilian law 
        enforcement officials and other civilian sources of expertise, 
        within and outside the Federal Government, to counter such a 
        threat.
    (e) Reports.--The President shall submit to Congress the following 
reports:
            (1) Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, a report describing the respective policy 
        functions and operational roles of Federal agencies in 
        countering the threat posed by the use or potential use of 
        biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction within the 
        United States.
            (2) Not later than one year after such date, a report 
        describing--
                    (A) the actions planned to be taken to carry out 
                subsection (d); and
                    (B) the costs of such actions.
            (3) Not later than three years after such date, a report 
        updating the information provided in the reports submitted 
        pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2), including the measures 
        taken pursuant to subsection (d).

SEC. 104. TESTING OF PREPAREDNESS FOR EMERGENCIES INVOLVING NUCLEAR, 
              RADIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS.

    (a) Emergencies Involving Chemical or Biological Weapons.--(1) The 
Secretary of Defense shall develop and carry out a program for testing 
and improving the responses of Federal, State, and local agencies to 
emergencies involving biological weapons and related materials and 
emergencies involving chemical weapons and related materials.
    (2) The program shall include exercises to be carried out during 
each of five successive fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 1997.
    (3) In developing and carrying out the program, the Secretary shall 
coordinate with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Secretary 
of Energy, and the heads of any other Federal, State, and local 
government agencies that have an expertise or responsibilities relevant 
to emergencies described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Emergencies Involving Nuclear and Radiological Weapons.--(1) 
The Secretary of Energy shall develop and carry out a program for 
testing and improving the responses of Federal, State, and local 
agencies to emergencies involving nuclear and radiological weapons and 
related materials.
    (2) The program shall include exercises to be carried out during 
each of five successive fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 1997.
    (3) In developing and carrying out the program, the Secretary shall 
coordinate with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Secretary 
of Defense, and the heads of any other Federal, State, and local 
government agencies that have an expertise or responsibilities relevant 
to emergencies described in paragraph (1).
    (c) Annual Revisions of Programs.--The official responsible for 
carrying out a program developed under subsection (a) or (b) shall 
revise the program not later than June 1 in each fiscal year covered by 
the program. The revisions shall include adjustments that the official 
determines necessary or appropriate on the basis of the lessons learned 
from the exercise or exercises carried out under the program in the 
fiscal year, including lessons learned regarding coordination problems 
and equipment deficiencies.
    (d) Option To Transfer Responsibility.--(1) The President may 
designate the head of an agency outside the Department of Defense to 
assume the responsibility for carrying out the program developed under 
subsection (a) beginning on or after October 1, 1999, and relieve the 
Secretary of Defense of that responsibility upon the assumption of the 
responsibility by the designated official.
    (2) The President may designate the head of an agency outside the 
Department of Energy to assume the responsibility for carrying out the 
program developed under subsection (b) beginning on or after October 1, 
1999, and relieve the Secretary of Energy of that responsibility upon 
the assumption of the responsibility by the designated official.
    (e) Funding.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal 
year 1997, $15,000,000 is available for the development and execution 
of the programs required by this section, including the participation 
of State and local agencies in exercises carried out under the 
programs.
    (2) The amount available under paragraph (1) for the development 
and execution of programs referred to in that paragraph is in addition 
to any other amount authorized to be appropriated under any other 
provision of law for such purposes.

   TITLE II--INTERDICTION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND RELATED 
                               MATERIALS

SEC. 201. UNITED STATES BORDER SECURITY.

    (a) Procurement of Detection Equipment.--(1) Of the total amount 
authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Defense for 
operation and maintenance for fiscal year 1997, $15,000,000 is 
available for the procurement of--
            (A) equipment capable of detecting the movement of weapons 
        of mass destruction and related materials into the United 
        States;
            (B) equipment capable of interdicting the movement of 
        weapons of mass destruction and related materials into the 
        United States; and
            (C) materials and technologies related to use of equipment 
        described in subparagraph (A) or (B).
    (2) The amount available under paragraph (1) for the procurement of 
items referred to in that paragraph is in addition to any other amount 
authorized to be appropriated under any other provision of law for such 
purpose.
    (b) Availability of Equipment to Commissioner of Customs.--To the 
extent authorized under chapter 18 of title 10, United States Code, the 
Secretary of Defense may make equipment of the Department of Defense 
described in subsection (a), and related materials and technologies, 
available to the Commissioner of Customs for use in detecting and 
interdicting the movement of weapons of mass destruction into the 
United States.

SEC. 202. NONPROLIFERATION AND COUNTER-PROLIFERATION RESEARCH AND 
              DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Biological and Chemical Weapons.--The Secretary of Defense 
shall be the lead official of the Federal Government for coordinating 
the research and development activities of the Federal Government on 
technical means for detecting the presence of, the illegal 
transportation of, the illegal production of, and the illegal use of 
materials and technologies that may be used to make a biological or 
chemical weapon and materials (including precursors) and technologies 
that are suitable for use in making such a weapon.
    (b) Nuclear and Radiological Weapons.--The Secretary of Energy 
shall be the lead official of the Federal Government for coordinating 
the research and development activities of the Federal Government on 
technical means for detecting the presence of, the illegal 
transportation of, the illegal production of, and the illegal use of 
materials and technologies that may be used to make a nuclear or 
radiological weapon and materials and technologies that are suitable 
for use in making a nuclear or radiological weapon.
    (c) Consultation Requirement.--In carrying out research and 
development activities under subsection (a) or (b), the Secretary of 
Defense or the Secretary of Energy, respectively, shall consult with 
each other and the following officials:
            (1) The Director of Central Intelligence.
            (2) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
            (3) The Commissioner of Customs.
    (d) Funding.--(1)(A) There is authorized to be appropriated for 
fiscal year 1997 $10,000,000 for research and development coordinated 
by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a).
    (B) The amount authorized to be appropriated for research and 
development under subparagraph (A) is in addition any other amounts 
that are authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Defense 
for fiscal year 1997 for such research and development, including funds 
authorized to be appropriated for research and development relating to 
nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
    (2)(A) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated for 
national defense programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal year 
1997, $19,000,000 is available for research and development coordinated 
by the Secretary of Energy under subsection (b).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (B) is in addition to 
any other amount authorized to be appropriated under any other 
provision of law for such research and development.

SEC. 203. INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY ECONOMIC POWERS ACT.

    Section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1702) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking out ``importation 
        or exportation of,'' and inserting in lieu thereof 
        ``importation, exportation, or attempted importation or 
        exportation of,''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(3), by striking out ``importation 
        from any country, or the exportation'' and inserting in lieu 
        thereof ``importation or attempted importation from any 
        country, or the exportation or attempted exportation''.

SEC. 204. CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the sentencing guidelines prescribed by the United 
        States Sentencing Commission for the offenses of importation, 
        attempted importation, exportation, and attempted exportation 
        of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons materials 
        constitute inadequate punishment for such offenses; and
            (2) Congress urges the United States Sentencing Commission 
        to revise the relevant sentencing guidelines to provide for 
        increased penalties for offenses relating to importation, 
        attempted importation, exportation, and attempted exportation 
        of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons or related 
        materials or technologies under--
                    (A) section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 
                1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2410);
                    (B) sections 38 and 40 the Arms Export Control Act 
                (22 U.S.C. 2778 and 2780);
                    (C) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
                (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); and
                    (D) section 309(c) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 
                Act of 1978 (22 U.S.C. 2156a(c).

SEC. 205. INTERNATIONAL BORDER SECURITY.

    (a) Secretary of Defense Responsibility.--The Secretary of Defense, 
in consultation and cooperation with the Commissioner of Customs, shall 
carry out programs for assisting customs officials and border guard 
officials in the independent states of the former Soviet Union, the 
Baltic states, and other countries of Eastern Europe in preventing 
unauthorized transfer and transportation of nuclear, biological, and 
chemical weapons and related materials. Training, expert advice, 
maintenance of equipment, loan of equipment, and audits may be provided 
under or in connection with the programs.
    (b) Funding.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal 
year 1997, $15,000,000 is available for carrying out the programs 
referred to in subsection (a).
    (2) The amount available under paragraph (1) for programs referred 
to in that paragraph is in addition to any other amount authorized to 
be appropriated under any other provision of law for such programs.

 TITLE III--CONTROL AND DISPOSITION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND 
            RELATED MATERIALS THREATENING THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 301. PROTECTION AND CONTROL OF MATERIALS CONSTITUTING A THREAT TO 
              THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) Department of Energy Program.--Subject to subsection (c)(1), 
the Secretary of Energy may, under materials protection, control, and 
accounting assistance of the Department of Energy, provide assistance 
for securing from theft or other unauthorized disposition nuclear 
materials that are not so secured and are located at any site within 
the former Soviet Union where effective controls for securing such 
materials are not in place.
    (b) Department of Defense Program.--Subject to subsection (c)(2), 
the Secretary of Defense may provide materials protection, control, and 
accounting assistance under the Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs 
of the Department of Defense for securing from theft or other 
unauthorized disposition, or for destroying, nuclear, radiological, 
biological, or chemical weapons (or related materials) that are not so 
secure and are located at any site within the former Soviet Union where 
effective controls for securing such weapons are not in place.
    (c) Funding.--(1)(A) Of the total amount authorized to be 
appropriated for national defense programs of the Department of Energy 
for fiscal year 1997, $15,000,000 is available for materials 
protection, control, and accounting assistance of the Department of 
Energy for providing assistance under subsection (a).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (A) is in addition to 
any other amount authorized to be appropriated under any other 
provision of law materials protection, control, and accounting 
assistance of the Department of Energy.
    (2)(A) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 
1997, $10,000,000 is available for the Cooperative Threat Reduction 
Programs of the Department of Defense for providing materials 
protection, control, and accounting assistance under subsection (b).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (A) is in addition to 
any other amount authorized to be appropriated under any other 
provision of law for materials protection, control, and accounting 
assistance of the Department of Defense.

SEC. 302. VERIFICATION OF DISMANTLEMENT AND CONVERSION OF WEAPONS AND 
              MATERIALS.

    (a) Funding for Cooperative Activities for Development of 
Technologies.--Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated for 
national defense programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal year 
1997, $10,000,000 is available for continuing and expediting 
cooperative activities with the Government of Russia to develop and 
deploy--
            (1) technologies for improving verification of nuclear 
        warhead dismantlement;
            (2) technologies for converting plutonium from weapons into 
        forms that--
                    (A) are better suited for long-term storage than 
                are the forms from which converted;
                    (B) facilitate verification; and
                    (C) are suitable for nonweapons use; and
            (3) technologies that promote openness in Russian 
        production, storage, use, and final and interim disposition of 
        weapon-usable fissible material, including at tritium/isotope 
        production reactors, uranium enrichment plants, chemical 
        separation plants, and fabrication facilities associated with 
        naval and civil research reactors.
    (b) Weapons-Usable Fissile Materials To Be Covered by Cooperative 
Threat Reduction Programs on Elimination or Transportation of Nuclear 
Weapons.--Section 1201(b)(1) of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 469; 22 U.S.C. 5955 
note) is amended by inserting ``, fissile material suitable for use in 
nuclear weapons,'' after ``other weapons''.

SEC. 303. ELIMINATION OF PLUTONIUM PRODUCTION.

    (a) Replacement Program.--The Secretary of Defense, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Energy, shall develop a cooperative program with 
the Government of Russia to eliminate the production of weapons grade 
plutonium by modifying or replacing the reactor cores at Tomsk-7 and 
Krasnoyarsk-26 with reactor cores that are less suitable for the 
production of weapons-grade plutonium.
    (b) Program Requirements.--(1) The program shall be designed to 
achieve completion of the modifications or replacements of the reactor 
cores within three years after the modification or replacement 
activities under the program are begun.
    (2) The plan for the program shall--
            (A) specify--
                    (i) successive steps for the modification or 
                replacement of the reactor cores; and
                    (ii) clearly defined milestones to be achieved; and
            (B) include estimates of the costs of the program.
    (c) Submission of Program Plan to Congress.--Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to Congress--
            (1) a plan for the program under subsection (a);
            (2) an estimate of the United States funding that is 
        necessary for carrying out the activities under the program for 
        each fiscal year covered by the program; and
            (3) a comparison of the benefits of the program with the 
        benefits of other nonproliferation programs.
    (d) Funding for Initial Phase.--(1) Of the total amount authorized 
to be appropriated for the Department of Defense for operation and 
maintenance for fiscal year 1997 other than for Cooperative Threat 
Reduction programs, $16,000,000 is available for the initial phase of 
the program under subsection (a).
    (2) The amount available for the initial phase of the reactor 
modification or replacement program under paragraph (1) is in addition 
to amounts authorized to be appropriated for Cooperative Threat 
Reduction programs under any other provision of law.

SEC. 304. INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS TO DEMILITARIZE WEAPONS OF 
              MASS DESTRUCTION PRODUCTION FACILITIES.

    (a) Department of Energy Program.--The Secretary of Energy shall 
expand the Industrial Partnership Program of the Department of Energy 
to include coverage of all of the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union.
    (b) Department of Defense Program.--The Secretary of Defense shall 
establish a program to support the dismantlement or conversion of the 
biological and chemical weapons facilities in the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union to uses for nondefense purposes. The Secretary 
may carry out such program in conjunction with, or separately from, the 
organization designated as the Defense Enterprise Fund (formerly 
designated as the ``Demilitarization Enterprise Fund'' under section 
1204 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 
(Public Law 103-160; 22 U.S.C. 5953)).
    (c) Funding for Department of Defense Program.--(1)(A) Of the total 
amount authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Defense for 
operation and maintenance for fiscal year 1997, $15,000,000 is 
available for the program under subsection (b).
    (B) The amount available under subparagraph (A) for the industrial 
partnership program of the Department of Defense established pursuant 
to subsection (b) is in addition to any amount authorized to be 
appropriated for Cooperative Threat Reduction programs under any other 
provision of law.
    (2) It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Defense 
should transfer to the Defense Enterprise Fund, $20,000,000 out of the 
funds appropriated for Cooperative Threat Reduction programs for fiscal 
years before fiscal year 1997 that remain available for obligation.

SEC. 305. LAB-TO-LAB PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF 
              NUCLEAR MATERIALS.

    (a) Program Expansion Authorized.--The Secretary of Energy is 
authorized to expand the Lab-to-Lab program of the Department of Energy 
to improve the safety and security of nuclear materials in the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union where the Lab-to-
Lab program is not being carried out on the date of the enactment of 
this Act.
    (b) Funding.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for national defense programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal 
year 1997, $20,000,000 is available for expanding the Lab-to-Lab 
program as authorized under subsection (a).
    (2) The amount available under paragraph (1) is in addition to any 
other amount otherwise available for the Lab-to-Lab program.

SEC. 306. COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES ON SECURITY OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM 
              USED FOR PROPULSION OF RUSSIAN SHIPS.

    (a) Responsible United States Official.--The Secretary of Energy 
shall be responsible for carrying out United States cooperative 
activities with the Government of the Russian Federation on improving 
the security of highly enriched uranium that is used for propulsion of 
Russian military and civilian ships.
    (b) Plan Required.--(1) The Secretary shall develop and 
periodically update a plan for the cooperative activities referred to 
in subsection (a).
    (2) The Secretary shall coordinate the development and updating of 
the plan with the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of Defense shall 
involve the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the coordination.
    (c) Funding.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for national defense programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal 
year 1997, $6,000,000 is available for materials protection, control, 
and accounting program of the Department of Energy for the cooperative 
activities referred to in subsection (a).
    (2) The amount available for the Department of Energy for materials 
protection, control, and accounting program under paragraph (1) is in 
addition to any other amount authorized to be appropriated by any other 
provision of law for such program.

SEC. 307. MILITARY-TO-MILITARY RELATIONS.

    (a) Funding.--Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 
1997, $2,000,000 is available for expanding military-to-military 
programs of the United States that focus on countering the threats of 
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction so as to include the 
security forces of independent states of the former Soviet Union, 
particularly states in the Caucasus region and Central Asia.
    (b) Relationship to Other Funding Authority.--Any amount available 
for expanding military-to-military programs under subsection (a) is in 
addition to the amount authorized to be appropriated for Cooperative 
Threat Reduction programs under any other provision of law.

SEC. 308. TRANSFER AUTHORITY.

    (a) Secretary of Defense.--(1) To the extent provided in 
appropriations Acts, the Secretary of Defense may transfer amounts 
appropriated pursuant to this title for the Department of Defense for 
programs and authorities under this title to appropriations available 
for programs authorized under title I.
    (2) Amounts so transferred shall be merged with the appropriations 
to which transferred and shall be available for the programs for which 
the amounts are transferred.
    (3) The transfer authority under paragraph (1) is in addition to 
any other transfer authority provided by this Act.
    (b) Secretary of Energy.--(1) To the extent provided in 
appropriations Acts, the Secretary of Energy may transfer amounts 
appropriated pursuant to this title for the Department of Energy for 
programs and authorities under this subtitle to appropriations 
available for programs authorized under title I.
    (2) Amounts so transferred shall be merged with the appropriations 
to which transferred and shall be available for the programs for which 
the amounts are transferred.
    (3) The transfer authority under paragraph (1) is in addition to 
any other transfer authority provided by this Act.

     TITLE IV--COORDINATION OF POLICY AND COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST 
              PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

SEC. 401. NATIONAL COORDINATOR ON NONPROLIFERATION.

    (a) Designation of Position.--The President shall designate an 
individual to serve in the Executive Office of the President as the 
National Coordinator for Nonproliferation Matters.
    (b) Duties.--The Coordinator shall have the following 
responsibilities:
            (1) To be the principal adviser to the President on 
        nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including 
        issues related to terrorism, arms control, and international 
        organized crime.
            (2) To chair the Committee on Nonproliferation established 
        under section 402.
            (3) To take such actions as are necessary to ensure that 
        there is appropriate emphasis in, cooperation on, and 
        coordination of, nonproliferation research efforts of the 
        United States, including activities of Federal agencies as well 
        as activities of contractors funded by the Federal Government.
    (c) Relationship to Certain Senior Directors of National Security 
Council.--(1) The senior directors of the National Security Council 
report to the Coordinator regarding the following matters:
            (A) Nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and 
        related issues.
            (B) Management of crises involving use or threatened use of 
        weapons of mass destruction, and on management of the 
        consequences of the use or threatened use of such a weapon.
            (C) Terrorism, arms control, and organized crime issues 
        that relate to the threat of proliferation of weapons of mass 
        destruction.
    (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to affect the 
reporting relationship between a senior director and the Assistant to 
the President for National Security Affairs or any other supervisor 
regarding matters other than matters described in paragraph (1).
    (d) Allocation of Funds.--Of the total amount authorized to be 
appropriated for research, test, development, and evaluation for the 
Department of Defense for fiscal year 1997, $2,000,000 is available for 
carrying out research referred to in subsection (b)(3). Such amount is 
in addition to any other amount authorized to be appropriated under any 
other provision of law for such purpose.

SEC. 402. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON NONPROLIFERATION.

    (a) Establishment.--The Committee on Nonproliferation (in this 
section referred to as the ``Committee'') is established as a committee 
of the National Security Council.
    (b) Membership.--(1) The Committee shall be composed of the 
following:
            (A) The Secretary of State.
            (B) The Secretary of Defense.
            (C) The Director of Central Intelligence.
            (D) The Attorney General.
            (E) The Secretary of Energy.
            (F) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency.
            (G) The Secretary of the Treasury.
            (H) The Secretary of Commerce.
            (I) Such other members as the President may designate.
    (2) The National Coordinator for Nonproliferation Matters shall 
chair the Committee on Nonproliferation.
    (c) Responsibilities.--The Committee has the following 
responsibilities:
            (1) To review and coordinate Federal programs, policies, 
        and directives relating to the proliferation of weapons of mass 
        destruction and related materials and technologies, including 
        matters relating to terrorism and international organized 
        crime.
            (2) To make recommendations to the President regarding the 
        following:
                    (A) Integrated national policies for countering the 
                threats posed by weapons of mass destruction.
                    (B) Options for integrating Federal agency budgets 
                for countering such threats.
                    (C) Means to ensure that the Federal, State, and 
                local governments have adequate capabilities to manage 
                crises involving nuclear, radiological, biological, or 
                chemical weapons or related materials or technologies, 
                and to manage the consequences of a use of such a 
                weapon or related materials or technologies, and that 
                use of those capabilities is coordinated.
                    (D) Means to ensure appropriate cooperation on, and 
                coordination of, the following:
                            (i) Preventing the smuggling of weapons of 
                        mass destruction and related materials and 
                        technologies.
                            (ii) Promoting domestic and international 
                        law enforcement efforts against proliferation-
                        related efforts.
                            (iii) Countering the involvement of 
                        organized crime groups in proliferation-related 
                        activities.
                            (iv) Safeguarding weapons of mass 
                        destruction materials and related technologies.
                            (v) Improving coordination and cooperation 
                        among intelligence activities, law enforcement, 
                        and the Departments of Defense, State, 
                        Commerce, and Energy in support of 
                        nonproliferation and counterproliferation 
                        efforts.
                            (vi) Ensuring the continuation of effective 
                        export controls over materials and technologies 
                        that can contribute to the acquisition of 
                        weapons of mass destruction.
                            (vii) Reducing proliferation of weapons of 
                        mass destruction and related materials and 
                        technologies.

SEC. 403. COMPREHENSIVE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM.

    (a) Program Required.--The President, acting through the Committee 
on Nonproliferation established under section 402, shall develop a 
comprehensive program for carrying out this Act.
    (b) Content of Program.--The program set forth in the report shall 
include specific plans as follows:
            (1) Plans for countering proliferation of weapons of mass 
        destruction and related materials and technologies.
            (2) Plans for training and equipping Federal, State, and 
        local officials for managing a crisis involving a use or 
        threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction, including the 
        consequences of the use of such a weapon.
            (3) Plans for providing for regular sharing of information 
        among intelligence, law enforcement, and customs agencies.
            (4) Plans for training and equipping law enforcement units, 
        customs services, and border security personnel to counter the 
        smuggling of weapons of mass destruction and related materials 
        and technologies.
            (5) Plans for establishing appropriate centers for 
        analyzing seized nuclear, radiological, biological, and 
        chemical weapons, and related materials and technologies.
            (6) Plans for establishing in the United States appropriate 
        legal controls and authorities relating to the exporting of 
        nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical weapons, and 
        related materials and technologies.
            (7) Plans for encouraging and assisting governments of 
        foreign countries to implement and enforce laws that set forth 
        appropriate penalties for offenses regarding the smuggling of 
        weapons of mass destruction and related materials and 
        technologies.
            (8) Plans for building the confidence of the United States 
        and Russia in each other's controls over United States and 
        Russian nuclear weapons and fissile materials, including plans 
        for verifying the dismantlement of nuclear weapons.
            (9) Plans for reducing United States and Russian stockpiles 
        of excess plutonium, reflecting--
                    (A) consideration of the desirability and 
                feasibility of a United States-Russian agreement 
                governing fissile material disposition and the specific 
                technologies and approaches to be used for disposition 
                of excess plutonium; and
                    (B) an assessment of the options for United States 
                cooperation with Russia in the disposition of Russian 
                plutonium.
            (10) Plans for studying the merits and costs of 
        establishing a global network of means for detecting and 
        responding to terroristic or other criminal use of biological 
        agents against people or other forms of life in the United 
        States or any foreign country.
    (c) Report.--(1) At the same time that the President submits the 
budget for fiscal year 1998 to Congress pursuant to section 1105(a) of 
title 31, United States Code, the President shall submit to Congress a 
report that sets forth the comprehensive program developed under 
subsection (a).
    (2) The report shall include the following:
            (A) The specific plans for the program that are required 
        under subsection (b).
            (B) Estimates of the funds necessary for carrying out such 
        plans in fiscal year 1998.
    (3) The report shall be in an unclassified form. If there is a 
classified version of the report, the President shall submit the 
classified version at the same time.

SEC. 404. TERMINATION.

    After September 30, 1999, the President--
            (1) is not required to maintain a National Coordinator for 
        Nonproliferation Matters under section 401; and
            (2) may terminate the Committee on Nonproliferation 
        established under section 402.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 501. CONTRACTING POLICY.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Defense, the 
Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary 
of State--
            (1) in the administration of funds available to such 
        officials in accordance with this Act, should (to the extent 
        possible under law) contract directly with suppliers in 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union to facilitate the 
        purchase of goods and services necessary to carry out 
        effectively the programs and authorities provided or referred 
        to in title III; and
            (2) should, in order to facilitate such purchases, seek 
        means, consistent with law, to use innovative contracting 
        approaches to avoid delay and increase the effectiveness of the 
        programs, and of the exercise of the authorities, provided or 
        referred to in title III.

SEC. 502. TRANSFERS OF ALLOCATIONS AMONG COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION 
              PROGRAMS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The various Cooperative Threat Reduction programs are 
        being carried out at different rates in the various countries 
        covered by such programs.
            (2) It is necessary to authorize transfers of funding 
        allocations among the various programs in order to maximize the 
        effectiveness of United States efforts under such programs.
    (b) Transfers Authorized.--Funds appropriated for the purposes set 
forth in subsection (a) of section 1202 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 
409) may be used for any such purpose without regard to the allocation 
set forth in that section and without regard to subsection (b) of such 
section.

SEC. 503. ADDITIONAL CERTIFICATIONS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Cooperative Threat Reduction programs and other 
        United States programs that are derived from programs 
        established under the Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act 
        of 1992 (title XIV of Public Law 102-484; 22 U.S.C. 2901 et 
        seq.) should be expanded by offering assistance under those 
        programs to other independent states of the former Soviet Union 
        in addition to Russia, Ukraine, Kazakstan, and Belarus; and
            (2) the President should offer assistance to additional 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union in each case in 
        which the participation of such states would benefit national 
        security interests of the United States by improving border 
        controls and safeguards over materials and technology 
        associated with weapons of mass destruction.
    (b) Extension of Coverage.--Assistance under programs referred to 
in subsection (a) may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, be 
extended to include an independent state of the former Soviet Union if 
the President certifies to Congress that it is in the national 
interests of the United States to extend the assistance to that state.

SEC. 504. PURCHASE OF LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM DERIVED FROM RUSSIAN HIGHLY 
              ENRICHED URANIUM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the allies 
of the United States and other nations should participate in efforts to 
ensure that stockpiles of weapons-grade nuclear material are reduced.
    (b) Actions by the Secretary of State.--Congress urges the 
Secretary of State to encourage, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Energy, other countries to purchase low-enriched uranium that is 
derived from highly enriched uranium extracted from Russian nuclear 
weapons.

SEC. 505. PURCHASE, PACKAGING, AND TRANSPORTATION OF FISSILE MATERIALS 
              AT RISK OF THEFT.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the 
        Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of State should 
        purchase, package, and transport to secure locations weapons-
        grade nuclear materials from a stockpile of such materials if 
        such officials determine that--
                    (A) there is a significant risk of theft of such 
                materials; and
                    (B) there is no reasonable and economically 
                feasible alternative for securing such materials; and
            (2) if it is necessary to do so in order to secure the 
        materials, the materials should be imported into the United 
        States, subject to the laws and regulations that are applicable 
        to the importation of such materials into the United States.

SEC. 506. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Navy RDT&E.--(1) The total amount authorized to be appropriated 
for research, development, test, and evaluation for the Navy for fiscal 
year 1997 is reduced by $150,000,000.
    (2) The reduction in paragraph (1) shall be applied to reduce by 
$150,000,000 the amount otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the 
Distributed Surveillance System.
    (b) Department of Energy.--(1) Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, the total amount authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy for fiscal year 1997 for national defense programs 
is reduced by $85,000,000.
    (2) The reduction under paragraph (1) is not directed at any 
particular authorization of appropriations for any particular program, 
project, or activity.
                                 <all>