[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3053 Introduced in House (IH)]







104th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 3053

  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and benefits for congressional 
              election campaigns, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             March 7, 1996

  Mr. Markey introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
  Committee on House Oversight, and in addition to the Committees on 
  Commerce, the Judiciary, Ways and Means, and Government Reform and 
 Oversight, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, 
 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
                jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and benefits for congressional 
              election campaigns, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Citizen 
Representative Act of 1996''.
    (c) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

                         Subtitle A--[Reserved]

  Subtitle B--Expenditure Limitations, Contribution Limitations, and 
  Voter Communication Vouchers for Eligible House of Representatives 
                               Candidates

Sec. 121. Provisions applicable to eligible House of Representatives 
                            candidates.
Sec. 122. Registration as eligible House of Representatives candidate.
Sec. 123. Definitions.
     TITLE II--LIMITATIONS ON POLITICAL COMMITTEE AND LARGE DONOR 
    CONTRIBUTIONS THAT MAY BE ACCEPTED BY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
                               CANDIDATES

Sec. 201. Limitations on political committee and large donor 
                            contributions that may be accepted by House 
                            of Representatives candidates.
                  TITLE III--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

Sec. 301. Clarification of definitions relating to independent 
                            expenditures.
Sec. 302. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 303. Broadcast and cable independent expenditure communications 
                            against eligible House of Representatives 
                            candidates.
Sec. 304. Additional expenditures by eligible House of Representatives 
                            candidate faced with large amount of 
                            independent expenditures.
 TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURES BY POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES

Sec. 401. Soft money of political parties.
Sec. 402. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 403. Soft money of persons other than political parties.
Sec. 404. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 405. Restrictions on fundraising by candidates and officeholders.
Sec. 406. Increased limitation amount for certain contributions to 
                            political committees of State political 
                            parties.
Sec. 407. Building fund exception to the definition of the term 
                            ``contribution''.
                         TITLE V--CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 501. Restrictions on bundling.
Sec. 502. Contributions by dependents not of voting age.
Sec. 503. Prohibition of acceptance by a candidate of cash 
                            contributions from any one person 
                            aggregating more than $100.
Sec. 504. Contributions to candidates from State and local committees 
                            of political parties to be aggregated.
Sec. 505. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 506. Limited exclusion of advances by campaign workers from the 
                            definition of the term ``contribution''.
Sec. 507. Amendment to section 316 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
                            of 1971.
Sec. 508. Prohibition of certain election-related activities of foreign 
                            nationals.
                    TITLE VI--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 601. Change in certain reporting from a calendar year basis to an 
                            election cycle basis.
Sec. 602. Personal and consulting services.
Sec. 603. Reduction in threshold for reporting of certain information 
                            by persons other than political committees.
Sec. 604. Computerized indices of contributions.
Sec. 605. Identification.
Sec. 606. Political committees.
Sec. 607. Use of candidates' names.
Sec. 608. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 609. Simultaneous registration of candidate and candidate's 
                            principal campaign committee.
Sec. 610. Disclosures by organizations that engage in lobbying.
                 TITLE VII--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

Sec. 701. Appearance as amici curiae.
Sec. 702. Federal Election Commission public service announcements.
Sec. 703. Authority to seek injunction.
Sec. 704. Expedited procedures.
Sec. 705. Insolvent political committees.
                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 801. Broadcast rates and preemption.
Sec. 802. Campaign advertising amendments.
Sec. 803. Telephone voting by persons with disabilities.
Sec. 804. Transfer of presidential election financing provisions to 
                            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
   TITLE IX--HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CAMPAIGN ELECTION FUNDING AND 
                            RELATED MATTERS

Sec. 901. Citizen Representative Fund.
Sec. 902. Designation of overpayments and contributions for the Citizen 
                            Representative Fund as specified by the 
                            taxpayer.
Sec. 903. Funding.
Sec. 904. Affinity cards.
                 TITLE X--EFFECTIVE DATES; SEVERABILITY

Sec. 1001. Effective date.
Sec. 1002. Severability.
Sec. 1003. Expedited review of constitutional issues.
Sec. 1004. Regulations.

          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

                         Subtitle A--[Reserved]

  Subtitle B--Expenditure Limitations, Contribution Limitations, and 
  Voter Communication Vouchers for Eligible House of Representatives 
                               Candidates

SEC. 121. PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
              CANDIDATES.

    The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 is amended by adding at 
the end the following new title:

  ``TITLE VI--EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS, CONTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS, AND 
  VOTER COMMUNICATION VOUCHERS FOR ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
                               CANDIDATES

``SEC. 601. EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate 
may not, in an election cycle, make expenditures aggregating more than 
$600,000.
    ``(b) Runoff Election and Special Election Amounts.--
            ``(1) Runoff election amount.--If an eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate is a candidate in a runoff election, 
        the candidate may make additional expenditures aggregating not 
        more than $120,000 in the election cycle.
            ``(2) Special election amount.--An eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate who is a candidate in a special 
        election may make expenditures aggregating not more than 
        $600,000 with respect to the special election.
    ``(c) Closely Contested Primary.--If, as determined by the 
Commission, an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a 
contested primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, the candidate may make additional 
expenditures aggregating not more than $180,000 in the election cycle.
    ``(d) Nonparticipating Opponent Provisions.--
            ``(1) Limitation exception.--The limitations imposed by 
        subsections (a) and (b) do not apply in the case of an eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate if any other general 
        election candidate seeking nomination or election to that 
        office--
                    ``(A) is not an eligible House of Representatives 
                candidate; and
                    ``(B) receives contributions or makes expenditures 
                in excess of 25 percent of the limitation under 
                subsection (a).
            ``(2) Continued eligibility and additional matching 
        funds.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate referred 
        to in paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall continue to be eligible for all 
                benefits under this title; and
                    ``(B) shall receive voter communication vouchers 
                under section 604.
            ``(3) Reporting requirement.--A candidate for the office of 
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
        Congress--
                    ``(A) who is not an eligible House of 
                Representatives candidate; and
                    ``(B) who makes contributions in excess of $50,000 
                of personal funds of the candidate and members of the 
                candidate's immediate family to the authorized 
                committee of the candidate or receives contributions or 
                makes expenditures in excess of 25 percent of the 
                limitation under subsection (a);
        shall report that the threshold has been reached to the 
        Commission who shall then transmit a copy to each other 
        candidate for election to the same office within 48 hours of 
        receipt.
    ``(e) Exemption for Legal Costs and Taxes.--Any costs incurred by 
an eligible House of Representatives candidate or his or her authorized 
committee, or a Federal officeholder, for legal services or Federal, 
State, or for local income and payroll taxes with respect to a 
candidate's authorized committees, or to comply with section 606, shall 
not be considered in the computation of amounts subject to limitation 
under this section.
    ``(f) Exemption for Accounting or Fundraising Costs.--
            ``(1) Any costs incurred by an eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate or his or her authorized committee in 
        connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of 
        such candidate or for accounting services to ensure compliance 
        with this Act shall not be considered in the computation of 
        amounts subject to limitation under subsection (a) to the 
        extent that the aggregate of such costs does not exceed 10 
        percent of the limitation under subsection (a).
            ``(2) An amount equal to 10 percent of salaries and 
        overhead expenditures of an eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate's campaign headquarters and offices shall not be 
        considered in the computation of amounts subject to limitation 
        under this section. Any amount excluded under this paragraph 
        shall be applied against the accounting or fundraising 
        expenditure exemption under paragraph (1).
    ``(g) Civil Penalties.--
            ``(1) Low amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 
        2.5 percent or less shall pay to the Commission an amount equal 
        to the amount of the excess expenditures.
            ``(2) Medium amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 
        more than 2.5 percent and less than 5 percent shall pay to the 
        Commission an amount equal to three times the amount of the 
        excess expenditures.
            ``(3) Large amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 5 
        percent or more shall pay to the Commission an amount equal to 
        three times the amount of the excess expenditures plus a civil 
        penalty in an amount determined by the Commission.
    ``(h) Indexing.--The dollar amounts specified in subsections (a), 
(b), and (c) shall be adjusted at the beginning of each calendar year 
based on the increase in the price index determined under section 
315(c), except that, for the purposes of such adjustment, the base 
period shall be calendar year 1995.
    ``(i) The limitations of this section do not apply in the case of 
any recall action held pursuant to State law.

``SEC. 602. CONTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS.

    ``(a) Personal Contributions.--An eligible House of Representatives 
candidate may not, with respect to an election cycle, make 
contributions or loans to his or her own campaign totaling more than 
$25,000 from the personal funds of the candidate. The amount that the 
candidate may accept from persons referred to in section 315(i)(2) 
shall be reduced by the amount of contributions made under the 
preceding sentence. Contributions from the personal funds of a 
candidate may not be matched under section 604.
    ``(b) Limitation Exception.--The limitation imposed by subsection 
(a) does not apply in the case of an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate if any other candidate for that office--
            ``(1) is not an eligible House of Representatives general 
        election candidate; and
            ``(2) makes contributions or loans to his or her own 
        campaign totaling more than $25,000 from his or her own 
        personal funds.

``SEC. 603. DECLARATION OF PARTICIPATION; CONTINUING ELIGIBILITY.

    ``The Commission shall determine whether a candidate is eligible 
under this title and, by reason of such eligibility may receive 
benefits under this title. Such determination shall--
            ``(1) in the case of an initial determination, be based on 
        a declaration of participation submitted by the candidate; and
            ``(2) in the case of a determination of continuing 
        eligibility, be based on relevant additional information 
        submitted in such form and manner as the Commission may 
        require.

``SEC. 604. VOTER COMMUNICATION VOUCHERS.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate 
shall be entitled to receive, with respect to the general election, an 
amount of voter communication vouchers equal to the amount of 
contributions from individuals received by the candidate, but not more 
than $200,000, with not more than $250 to be taken into account per 
individual.
    ``(b) Specific Requirements.--A candidate for the office of 
Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
Congress may receive voter communication vouchers under subsection (a) 
only if the candidate--
            ``(1) in an election cycle, has received 10 percent of the 
        limit specified in section 601(a) in contributions from 
        individuals, with not more than $250 to be taken into account 
        per individual;
            ``(2) qualifies for the general election ballot;
            ``(3) has an opponent on the general election ballot; and
            ``(4) files a declaration of participation in which the 
        candidate agrees to--
                    ``(A) comply with the limitations under sections 
                601 and 315(i);
                    ``(B) cooperate in the case of any audit by the 
                Commission by furnishing such campaign records and 
                other information as the Commission may require;
                    ``(C) comply with any repayment requirement under 
                section 606; and
                    ``(D) participate in at least 2 debates, sponsored 
                by a nonpartisan or bipartisan organization, with all 
                other general election candidates for that office who 
                are eligible under this section.
    ``(c) Written Instrument Requirement.--No contribution in any form 
other than a gift of money made by a written instrument or a 
certification by the committee making the request that identifies the 
individual making the contribution by full name and address may be used 
as a basis for any matching payment under this section.
    ``(d) Certification and Payment.--
            ``(1) Certification.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2), 
        (3), and (4) not later than 5 days after receiving a request 
        for payment, the Commission shall certify for payment the 
        amount requested under this section. The request by an eligible 
        candidate to receive voter communications vouchers under this 
        section shall contain--
                    ``(A) such information and be made in accordance 
                with such procedures as the Commission may provide by 
                regulation; and
                    ``(B) a verification signed by the candidate and 
                the treasurer of the principal campaign committee of 
                such candidate stating that the information furnished 
                in support of the request, to the best of their 
                knowledge, is correct and fully satisfies the 
                requirements of this title.
            ``(2) Payments.--The initial payment of voter communication 
        vouchers under subsection (a) to an eligible candidate shall be 
        an amount equal to at least 10 percent of the limit specified 
        in section 601(a). All payments shall be--
                    ``(A) made not later than 48 hours after 
                certification under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) subject to proportional reduction in the case 
                of insufficient funds.
            ``(3) Partial certification.--If the Commission determines 
        that any portion of a request does not meet the requirements 
        for certification, the Commission shall withhold the 
        certification for that portion only and inform the candidate as 
        to how the candidate may correct the request.
            ``(4) Certification withheld.--The Commission may withhold 
        certification if it determines that a candidate who is 
        otherwise eligible has engaged in a pattern of activity 
        indicating that the promises in the candidate's statement of 
        participation cannot be relied upon.
    ``(e) Closely Contested Primary.--If, as determined by the 
Commission, an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a 
contested primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, the candidate shall be eligible to receive 
matching vouchers totaling not more than $66,600, in addition to any 
other amount received under this section. The amount available under 
the preceding sentence is subject to the matching requirements of this 
section.
    ``(f) Independent Expenditure Provision.--If, with respect to a 
general election involving an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate, any person makes independent expenditures totaling $10,000 
against the eligible House of Representatives candidate or in favor of 
another candidate, the eligible House of Representatives candidate 
shall be entitled, in addition to any amount received under subsection 
(a), to voter communication vouchers equal to the amount of such 
independent expenditures, and expenditures may be made from such 
vouchers without regard to the limitations in section 601.
    ``(g) Prohibition of Conversion to Personal Use.--An eligible 
candidate who receives voter communication vouchers under this section 
may not convert any amount to personal use or make any payments, 
directly or indirectly, to such candidate or to any members of the 
immediate family of the candidate.
    ``(h) Indexing.--The dollar amount specified in subsections (a) and 
(e) (other than the amount taken into account per individual) shall be 
adjusted at the beginning of the calendar year based on the increase in 
the price index determined under section 315(c), except that, for the 
purposes of such adjustment, the base period shall be calendar year 
1995.
    ``(i) Use of Voter Communication Vouchers.--Voter communication 
vouchers shall be used by an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate--
            ``(1) to purchase broadcast time during the general 
        election period in the same manner as other broadcast time may 
        be purchased by the candidate;
            ``(2) to purchase print advertisements during the general 
        election period;
            ``(3) to purchase voter contact campaign materials 
        (brochures, bumper stickers, handbills, pins, posters, and yard 
        signs) used during the general election period; or
            ``(4) to pay for postage expenses incurred during the 
        general election period.
    ``(j) Unexpended Vouchers.--Any amount of voter communication 
vouchers received by an eligible House candidate under this title and 
not expended on or before the date of the general election shall be 
repaid within 60 days of the election, except that a reasonable amount 
may be retained for a period not exceeding 120 days after the date of 
the general election for the liquidation of obligations to pay 
expenditures for the general election incurred during the general 
election period. At the end of the 120-day period, any unexpended 
vouchers received under this title shall be promptly repaid.

``SEC. 605. CLOSED CAPTIONING REQUIREMENT FOR TELEVISION COMMERCIALS OF 
              ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    ``No eligible House of Representatives candidate may receive 
amounts under section 604 unless such candidate has certified to the 
Federal Election Commission that any television commercial prepared or 
distributed by the candidate will be prepared in a manner that 
contains, is accompanied by, or otherwise readily permits closed 
captioning of the oral content of the commercial to be broadcast by way 
of line 21 of the vertical blanking interval, or by way of comparable 
successor technologies.

``SEC. 606. EXAMINATION AND AUDITS; REPAYMENTS.

    ``(a) General Election.--After each general election, the 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the campaign 
accounts of 5 percent of the eligible House of Representatives 
candidates, as designated by the Commission through the use of an 
appropriate statistical method of random selection, to determine 
whether such candidates have complied with the conditions of 
eligibility and other requirements of this title. No other factors 
shall be considered in carrying out such an examination and audit. The 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the accounts of 
all candidates from a congressional district where any eligible 
candidate is selected for examination and audit.
    ``(b) Special Election.--After each special election, the 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the campaign 
accounts of all eligible candidates in the election to determine 
whether the candidates have complied with the conditions of eligibility 
and other requirements of this title.
    ``(c) Affirmative Vote.--The Commission may conduct an examination 
and audit of the campaign accounts of any eligible House of 
Representatives candidate in a general election if the Commission, by 
an affirmative vote of 4 members, determines that there exists reason 
to believe whether such candidate may have violated any provision of 
this title.
    ``(d) Payments.--If the Commission determines that any amount of a 
payment to a candidate under this title was in excess of the aggregate 
payments to which such candidate was entitled, the Commission shall so 
notify the candidate, and the candidate shall pay an amount equal to 
the excess.

``SEC. 607. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    ``(a) Judicial Review.--Any agency action by the Commission made 
under the provisions of this title shall be subject to review by the 
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 
upon petition filed in such court within 30 days after the agency 
action by the Commission for which review is sought. It shall be the 
duty of the Court of Appeals, ahead of all matters not filed under this 
title, to advance on the docket and expeditiously take action on all 
petitions filed pursuant to this title.
    ``(b) Application of Title 5.--The provisions of chapter 7 of title 
5, United States Code, shall apply to judicial review of any agency 
action by the Commission.
    ``(c) Agency Action.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`agency action' has the meaning given such term by section 551(13) of 
title 5, United States Code.

``SEC. 608. PARTICIPATION BY COMMISSION IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

    ``(a) Appearances.--The Commission is authorized to appear in and 
defend against any action instituted under this section and under 
section 607 either by attorneys employed in its office or by counsel 
whom it may appoint without regard to the provisions of title 5, United 
States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and 
whose compensation it may fix without regard to the provisions of 
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title.
    ``(b) Institution of Actions.--The Commission is authorized, 
through attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to institute 
actions in the district courts of the United States to seek recovery of 
any amounts determined under this title to be payable to the Secretary.
    ``(c) Injunctive Relief.--The Commission is authorized, through 
attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to petition the 
courts of the United States for such injunctive relief as is 
appropriate in order to implement any provision of this title.
    ``(d) Appeals.--The Commission is authorized on behalf of the 
United States to appeal from, and to petition the Supreme Court for 
certiorari to review, judgments or decrees entered with respect to 
actions in which it appears pursuant to the authority provided in this 
section.

``SEC. 609. REPORTS TO CONGRESS; CERTIFICATIONS; REGULATIONS.

    ``(a) Reports.--The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after 
each election, submit a full report to the House of Representatives 
setting forth--
            ``(1) the expenditures (shown in such detail as the 
        Commission determines appropriate) made by each eligible 
        candidate and the authorized committees of such candidate;
            ``(2) the aggregate amount of voter communication vouchers 
        certified by the Commission under section 604 for each eligible 
        candidate; and
            ``(3) the amount of repayments, if any, required under 
        section 606, and the reasons for each repayment required.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be printed as a 
House document.
    ``(b) Determinations by Commission.--All determinations (including 
certifications under section 604) made by the Commission under this 
title shall be final and conclusive, except to the extent that they are 
subject to examination and audit by the Commission under section 606 or 
judicial review under section 607.
    ``(c) Rules and Regulations.--The Commission is authorized to 
prescribe such rules and regulations, in accordance with the provisions 
of subsection (d), to conduct such audits, examinations and 
investigations, and to require the keeping and submission of such 
books, records, and information, as it deems necessary to carry out the 
functions and duties imposed on it by this title.
    ``(d) Report of Proposed Regulations.--The Commission shall submit 
to the House of Representatives a report containing a detailed 
explanation and justification of each rule, regulation, and form of the 
Commission under this title. No such rule, regulation, or form may take 
effect until a period of 30 legislative days has elapsed after the 
report is received. As used in this subsection--
            ``(1) the term `legislative day' means any calendar day on 
        which the House of Representatives is in session; and
            ``(2) the terms `rule' and `regulation' mean a provision or 
        series of interrelated provisions stating a single, separable 
        rule of law.''.

SEC. 122. REGISTRATION AS ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATE.

    (a) In General.--Section 302(e) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph:
    ``(6)(A) In the case of a candidate for the office of 
Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
Congress, who desires to be an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate, a declaration of participation of the candidate to abide by 
the limits specified in sections 601 and 315(i) and provide the 
information required under section 604(b)(4) shall be included in the 
designation required to be filed under paragraph (1).
    ``(B)(i) In the case of a candidate referred to in subparagraph 
(A), if the statement of candidacy does not include a declaration 
referred to in that paragraph, the candidate may amend the statement to 
include such declaration, if such amendment is filed under subsection 
(g) not later than 7 days after the earlier of--
            ``(I) the date the candidate qualifies for the general 
        election ballot under State law; or
            ``(II) if, under State law, a primary or runoff election to 
        qualify for the general election ballot occurs after September 
        1, the date the candidate wins the primary or runoff election.
    ``(ii) A declaration of participation that is included in a 
statement of candidacy or has been added by amendment under 
subparagraph (B) may not thereafter be revoked.''.

SEC. 123. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431) is amended by striking paragraph (19) and inserting the following 
new paragraphs:
    ``(19) The term `general election' means any election which will 
directly result in the election of a person to a Federal office, but 
does not include an open primary election.
    ``(20) The term `general election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day after the date of the 
primary or runoff election for the specific office the candidate is 
seeking, whichever is later, and ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of such general election; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        campaign or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(21) The term `immediate family' means--
            ``(A) a candidate's spouse;
            ``(B) a child, stepchild, parent, grandparent, brother, 
        step-brother, sister or step-sister of the candidate or the 
        candidate's spouse; and
            ``(C) the spouse of any person described in subparagraph 
        (B).
    ``(22) The term `primary election' means an election which may 
result in the selection of a candidate for the ballot in a general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(23) The term `primary election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of 
the last election for the specific office the candidate is seeking and 
ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of the first primary election for that 
        office following the last general election for that office; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        election or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(24) The term `runoff election' means an election held after a 
primary election which is prescribed by applicable State law as the 
means for deciding which candidate will be on the ballot in the general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(25) The term `runoff election period' means, with respect to any 
candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of the 
last primary election for the specific office such candidate is seeking 
and ending on the date of the runoff election for such office.
    ``(26) The term `voting age population' means the resident 
population, 18 years of age or older, as certified pursuant to section 
315(e).
    ``(27) The term `eligible House of Representatives candidate' means 
a candidate for election to the office of Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, who, as determined 
by the Commission under section 603, is eligible to receive matching 
vouchers and other benefits under title VI by reason of filing a 
declaration of participation under section 302(e) and complying with 
the continuing eligibility requirements under section 603.
    ``(28) The term `election cycle' means--
            ``(A) in the case of a candidate or the authorized 
        committees of a candidate, the term beginning on the day after 
        the date of the most recent general election for the specific 
        office or seat which such candidate seeks and ending on the 
        date of the next general election for such office or seat; or
            ``(B) for all other persons, the term beginning on the 
        first day following the date of the last general election and 
        ending on the date of the next general election.''.

     TITLE II--LIMITATIONS ON POLITICAL COMMITTEE AND LARGE DONOR 
    CONTRIBUTIONS THAT MAY BE ACCEPTED BY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
                               CANDIDATES

SEC. 201. LIMITATIONS ON POLITICAL COMMITTEE AND LARGE DONOR 
              CONTRIBUTIONS THAT MAY BE ACCEPTED BY HOUSE OF 
              REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(i)(1) A candidate for the office of Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress may not, with 
respect to an election cycle, accept contributions from political 
committees aggregating in excess of $90,000.
    ``(2) A candidate for the office of Representative in, or Delegate 
or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress may not, with respect to an 
election cycle, accept contributions aggregating in excess of $120,000 
from persons other than political committees whose contributions total 
more than $250.
    ``(3) In addition to the contributions under paragraphs (1) and 
(2), if an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a contested 
primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, the candidate may accept contributions of 
not more than $180,000, $27,000 from persons identified in paragraph 
(1) and $36,000 from persons identified in paragraph (2).
    ``(4) In addition to the contributions under paragraphs (1) and 
(2), a House of Representatives candidate who is a candidate in a 
runoff election may accept contributions of not more than $120,000, 
$18,000 from persons identified in paragraph (1) and $24,000 from 
persons identified in paragraph (2).
    ``(j) Nonparticipating Opponent Provisions.--The limitations 
imposed by section 315(i) do not apply in the case of an eligible House 
of Representatives candidate if any other candidate seeking nomination 
or election to that office--
            ``(1) is not an eligible House of Representatives general 
        election candidate;
            ``(2) makes contributions or loans to his or her own 
        campaign totaling more than $25,000 from his or her own 
        personal funds; and
            ``(3) makes expenditures in excess of 100 percent of the 
        limitations specified in section 601.
    ``(k) Civil Penalties.--
            ``(1) Low amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed the limitations under this section by 2.5 percent 
        or less shall refund the excess contributions to the persons 
        who made the contributions.
            ``(2) Medium amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed the limitations under this section by more than 2.5 
        percent and less than 5 percent shall pay to the Commission an 
        amount equal to three times the amount of the excess 
        contributions.
            ``(3) Large amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed the limitations under this section by 5 percent or 
        more shall pay to the Commission an amount equal to three times 
        the amount of the excess contributions plus a civil penalty in 
        an amount determined by the Commission.
    ``(l) Exemption for Certain Costs.--Any amount--
            ``(1) accepted by a House of Representatives candidate; and
            ``(2) used for costs incurred under section 601(e) and (f) 
        shall not be considered in the computation of amounts subject 
        to limitation.
    ``(m) Indexing.--The dollar amounts specified in section 315(i) 
shall be adjusted at the beginning of the calendar year based on the 
increase in the price index determined under section 315(c), except 
that, for the purposes of such adjustment, the base period shall be 
calendar year 1995.
    ``(n) Transfer Provision.--The limitations imposed by section 
315(i) apply without regard to amounts transferred from previous 
election cycles or other authorized committees of the same candidate. 
Candidates shall not be required to seek the redesignation of 
contributions in order to transfer such contributions to a later 
election cycle.''.

                  TITLE III--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

SEC. 301. CLARIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS RELATING TO INDEPENDENT 
              EXPENDITURES.

    (a) Independent Expenditure Definition Amendment.--Section 301 of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by 
striking paragraphs (17) and (18) and inserting the following:
    ``(17)(A) The term `independent expenditure' means an expenditure 
for an advertisement or other communication that--
            ``(i) contains express advocacy; and
            ``(ii) is made without the participation or cooperation of, 
        or consultation with, a candidate or a candidate's 
        representative.
    ``(B) The following shall not be considered an independent 
expenditure:
            ``(i) An expenditure made by an authorized committee of a 
        candidate for Federal office or a political committee of a 
        political party.
            ``(ii) An expenditure made on behalf of a candidate by a 
        person who, during the election cycle, has made a contribution 
        to that candidate, where the expenditure is in support of that 
        candidate or in opposition to another candidate for the same 
        office.
            ``(iii) An expenditure made by a person, or a political 
        committee established, maintained or controlled by such person, 
        who is required to register, under section 308 of the Federal 
        Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 267) or the Foreign Agents 
        Registration Act (22 U.S.C. 611) or any successor Federal law 
        requiring a person who is a lobbyist or foreign agent to 
        register.
            ``(iv) An expenditure made by a person who, during the 
        election cycle, has communicated with or received information 
        from a candidate or a representative of that candidate 
        regarding activities that have the purpose of influencing that 
        candidate's election to Federal office, where the expenditure 
        is in support of that candidate or in opposition to another 
        candidate for that office.
            ``(v) An expenditure if, in the same election cycle, the 
        person making the expenditure is or has been--
                    ``(I) authorized to raise or expend funds on behalf 
                of the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees; or
                    ``(II) serving as a member, employee, or agent of 
                the candidate's authorized committees in an executive 
                or policymaking position.
    ``(18) The term `express advocacy' means, when a communication is 
taken as a whole and with limited reference to external events, an 
expression of support for or opposition to a specific candidate, to a 
specific group of candidates, or to candidates of a particular 
political party, or a suggestion to take action with respect to an 
election, such as to vote for or against, make contributions to, or 
participate in campaign activity or refrain from taking action.''.
    (b) Contribution Definition Amendment.--Section 301(8)(A) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' after the semicolon 
        at the end;
            (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(iii) any payment or other transaction referred to in 
        paragraph (17)(A)(i) that does not qualify as an independent 
        expenditure under paragraph (17)(A)(ii).''.

SEC. 302. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    Section 304(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking out the undesignated 
        matter after subparagraph (C);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (8); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (2), as amended by 
        paragraph (1), the following new paragraphs:
    ``(3)(A) Any person (including a political committee) making an 
independent expenditure (including those described in subsection 
(b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section) aggregating $1,000 or more made after 
the 20th day, but more than 24 hours, before any election shall file a 
report within 24 hours after such independent expenditure is made.
    ``(B) Any person (including a political committee) making an 
independent expenditure aggregating $5,000 or more made at any time up 
to and including the 20th day before any election shall file a report 
within 48 hours after such independent expenditure is made. An 
additional report shall be filed each time independent expenditures 
aggregating $5,000 are made with respect to the same election as the 
initial report filed under this section.
    ``(C) Such report shall be filed with the Commission and the 
Secretary of State of the State involved and shall contain the 
information required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section, 
including whether the independent expenditure is in support of, or in 
opposition to, the candidate involved. Not later than 48 hours after 
the Commission receives a report, the Commission shall transmit a copy 
of the report to each candidate seeking nomination or election to that 
office.
    ``(D) For purposes of this section, the term `made' includes any 
payment and any action taken to incur an obligation for payment.
    ``(4)(A) If any person (including a political committee) intends to 
make independent expenditures aggregating $5,000 or more during the 20 
days before an election, such person shall file a report no later than 
the 20th day before the election.
    ``(B) Such report shall be filed with the Commission and the 
Secretary of State of the State involved, and shall identify each 
candidate whom the expenditure is actually intended to support or to 
oppose. The Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of 
the Senate shall as soon as possible (but not later than 4 working 
hours of the Commission) after receipt of a report transmit it to the 
Commission. Not later than 48 hours after the Commission receives a 
report under this paragraph, the Commission shall transmit a copy of 
the statement to each candidate identified.
    ``(5) The Commission may make its own determination that a person 
has made, or has incurred obligations to make, independent expenditures 
with respect to any Federal election which in the aggregate exceed the 
applicable amounts under paragraph (3) or (4). The Commission shall 
notify each candidate in such election of such determination within 24 
hours of making it.
    ``(6) At the same time as an eligible candidate who has qualified 
under section 604(b) is notified under paragraph (3), (4), or (5) with 
respect to expenditures during a general election period, the 
Commission shall certify eligibility to receive benefits under section 
604(b).''.

SEC. 303. BROADCAST AND CABLE INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMUNICATIONS 
              AGAINST ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (e) and (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting immediately before subsection (e) as 
        redesignated the following new subsection:
    ``(d) If any person makes an independent expenditure through a 
communication on a broadcasting station or a cable system (as defined 
in section 602 of this Act) that expressly advocates the defeat of an 
eligible House of Representatives candidate, or the election of the 
opponent of an eligible House of Representatives candidate (regardless 
of whether such opponent is an eligible candidate), the licensee or 
cable operator, as applicable, shall, not later than one week after the 
communication (or not later than 24 hours after the communication, if 
the communication occurs not more than one week before the election) 
transmit to such candidate--
            ``(1) a statement of the date and time of the 
        communication;
            ``(2) a script or tape recording of the communication, or 
        an accurate summary of the communication if a script or tape 
        recording is not available; and
            ``(3) an offer of an equal opportunity for such candidate 
        to use the broadcasting station or cable system to respond to 
        the communication at a charge determined in accordance with 
        subsection (b).''.

SEC. 304. ADDITIONAL EXPENDITURES BY ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
              CANDIDATE FACED WITH LARGE AMOUNT OF INDEPENDENT 
              EXPENDITURES.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a), as amended by section 201, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following new subsection:
    ``(o) Eligible House of Representatives Candidate Independent 
Expenditure Provision.--If, with respect to an election involving an 
eligible House of Representatives candidate, independent expenditures 
totaling $25,000 are made against the eligible House of Representatives 
candidate or in favor of another candidate, the eligible House of 
Representatives candidate shall be entitled, in addition to any amount 
permitted under this Act, to make expenditures in an amount equal to 
the amount of such independent expenditures.

 TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURES BY POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES

SEC. 401. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

                   ``soft money of political parties

    ``Sec. 323. (a) A national committee of a political party, 
including the national congressional campaign committees of a political 
party, and any officers or agents of such party committees, shall not 
solicit or receive any contributions, donations, or transfers of funds, 
or spend any funds, not subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and 
reporting requirements of this Act. This subsection shall apply to any 
entity that is established, financed, maintained, or controlled by a 
national committee of a political party, including the national 
congressional campaign committees of a political party, and any 
officers or agents of such party committees.
    ``(b)(1) Any amount expended or disbursed by a State, district, or 
local committee of a political party, during a calendar year in which a 
Federal election is held, for any activity which might affect the 
outcome of a Federal election, including but not limited to any voter 
registration and get-out-the-vote activity, any generic campaign 
activity, and any communication that identifies a Federal candidate 
(regardless of whether a State or local candidate is also mentioned or 
identified) shall be made from funds subject to the limitations, 
prohibitions and reporting requirements of this Act.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to expenditures or 
disbursements made by a State, district or local committee of a 
political party for--
            ``(A) a contribution to a candidate other than for Federal 
        office, provided that such contribution is not designated or 
        otherwise earmarked to pay for activities described in 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(B) the costs of a State or district/local political 
        convention;
            ``(C) the non-Federal share of a State, district or local 
        party committee's administrative and overhead expenses (but not 
        including the compensation in any month of any individual who 
        spends more than 20 percent of his or her time on activity 
        during such month which may affect the outcome of a Federal 
election). For purposes of this provision, the non-Federal share of a 
party committee's administrative and overhead expenses shall be 
determined by applying the ratio of the non-Federal disbursements to 
the total Federal expenditures and non-Federal disbursements made by 
the committee during the previous presidential election year to the 
committee's administrative and overhead expenses in the election year 
in question;
            ``(D) the costs of grassroots campaign materials, including 
        buttons, bumper stickers, and yard signs, which materials 
        solely name or depict a State or local candidate; or
            ``(E) the cost of any campaign activity conducted solely on 
        behalf of a clearly identified State or local candidate, 
        provided that such activity is not a get out the vote activity 
        or any other activity covered by paragraph (1).
    ``(3) Any amount spent by a national, State, district or local 
committee or entity of a political party to raise funds that are used, 
in whole or in part, to pay the costs of any activity covered by 
paragraph (1) shall be made from funds subject to the limitations, 
prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act. This paragraph 
shall apply to any entity that is established, financed, maintained, or 
controlled by a State, district or local committee of a political party 
or any agent or officer of such party committee in the same manner as 
it applies to that committee.
    ``(c) No national, State, district or local committee of a 
political party shall solicit any funds for or make any donations to 
any organization that is exempt from Federal taxation under section 
501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    ``(d)(1) No candidate for Federal office, individual holding 
Federal office, or any agent of such candidate or officeholder, may 
solicit or receive (A) any funds in connection with any Federal 
election unless such funds are subject to the limitations, prohibitions 
and reporting requirements of this Act; (B) any funds that are to be 
expended in connection with any election for other than a Federal 
office unless such funds are not in excess of the amounts permitted 
with respect to contributions to Federal candidates and political 
committees under section 315(a) (1) and (2), and are not from sources 
prohibited from making contributions by this Act with respect to 
election for Federal office. This paragraph shall not apply to the 
solicitation or receipt of funds by an individual who is a candidate 
for a non-Federal office if such activity is permitted under State law 
for such individual's non-Federal campaign committee.
    ``(2)(A) No candidate for Federal office or individual holding 
Federal office may directly or indirectly establish, maintain, finance 
or control any organization described in section 501(c) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 if such organization raises funds from the public.
    ``(B) No national committee of a political party may directly or 
indirectly establish, maintain, finance, or control any organization 
described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if 
such organization raises funds from the public.
    ``(C) No candidate for Federal office or individual holding Federal 
office may raise funds for any organization described in section 501(c) 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if the activities of the 
organization include voter registration or get-out-the-vote campaigns.
    ``(D) For purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be 
treated as holding Federal office if such individual--
            ``(i) holds a Federal office; or
            ``(ii) holds a position described in level I of the 
        Executive Schedule under 5312 of title 5, United States 
        Code.''.

SEC. 402. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(d) Political Committees.--(1) The national committee of a 
political party and any congressional campaign committee of a political 
party, and any subordinate committee of either, shall report all 
receipts and disbursements during the reporting period, whether or not 
in connection with an election for Federal office.
    ``(2) A political committee (not described in paragraph (1)) to 
which section 323 applies shall report all receipts and disbursements.
    ``(3) Any political committee to which section 323 applies shall 
include in its report under paragraph (1) or (2) the amount of any 
transfer described in section 323(d)(2) and shall itemize such amounts 
to the extent required by section 304(b)(3)(A).
    ``(4) Any political committee to which paragraph (1) or (2) does 
not apply shall report any receipts or disbursements which are used in 
connection with a Federal election.
    ``(5) If a political committee has receipts or disbursements to 
which this subsection applies from any person aggregating in excess of 
$200 for any calendar year, the political committee shall separately 
itemize its reporting for such person in the same manner as subsection 
(b) (3)(A), (5), or (6).
    ``(5) Reports required to be filed by this subsection shall be 
filed for the same time periods required for political committees under 
subsection (a).''.
    (b) Reports by State Committees.--Section 304 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended by subsection 
(a), is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(e) Filing of State Reports.--In lieu of any report required to 
be filed by this Act, the Commission may allow a State committee of a 
political party to file with the Commission a report required to be 
filed under State law if the Commission determines such reports contain 
substantially the same information.''.
    (c) Other Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Authorized committees.--Section 304(b)(4) of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(4)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (H);
                    (B) by inserting ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (I); and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
                    ``(J) in the case of an authorized committee, 
                disbursements for the primary election, the general 
                election, and any other election in which the candidate 
                participates;''.
            (2) Names and addresses.--Section 304(b)(5)(A) of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``within the calendar year''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and the election to which the 
                operating expenditure relates'' after ``operating 
                expenditure''.

SEC. 403. SOFT MONEY OF PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITICAL PARTIES.

    Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434), as amended by section 402, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Election Activity of Persons Other Than Political Parties.--
(1)(A)(i) If any person to which section 323 does not apply makes (or 
obligates to make) disbursements for activities described in section 
325(b)(1) in excess of $2,000, such person shall file a statement--
            ``(I) within 48 hours after the disbursements (or 
        obligations) are made; or
            ``(II) in the case of disbursements (or obligations) that 
        are required to be made within 20 days of the election, within 
        24 hours after such disbursement (or obligations) are made.
    ``(ii) An additional statement shall be filed each time additional 
disbursements aggregating $2,000 are made (or obligated to be made) by 
a person described in clause (i).
    ``(B) This paragraph shall not apply to--
            ``(i) a candidate or a candidate's authorized committees; 
        or
            ``(ii) an independent expenditure (as defined in section 
        301(17)).
    ``(2) Any statement under this section shall be filed with the 
Commission and shall contain such information as the Commission shall 
prescribe, including whether the disbursement is in support of, or in 
opposition to, 1 or more candidates or any political party.''.

SEC. 404. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended by sections 402 and 
403, is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(g) Political Committees.--(1) The national committee of a 
political party and any congressional campaign committee of a political 
party, and any subordinate committee of either, shall report all 
receipts and disbursements during the reporting period, whether or not 
in connection with an election for Federal office.
    ``(2) Any political committee to which section 323 applies shall 
include in its report under paragraph (1) the amount of any transfer 
described in section 323(d)(2) and shall itemize such amounts to the 
extent required by section 304(b)(3)(A).
    ``(3) Any political committee to which paragraph (1) does not apply 
shall report any receipts or disbursements which are used in connection 
with a Federal election.
    ``(4) If a political committee has receipts or disbursements to 
which this subsection applies from any person aggregating in excess of 
$200 for any calendar year, the political committee shall separately 
itemize its reporting for such person in the same manner as subsection 
(b) (3)(A), (5), or (6).
    ``(6) Reports required to be filed by this subsection shall be 
filed for the same time periods required for political committees under 
subsection (a).''.
    (b) Report of Exempt Contributions.--Section 301(8) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(C) The exclusion provided in clause (viii) of subparagraph (B) 
shall not apply for purposes of any requirement to report contributions 
under this Act, and all such contributions aggregating in excess of 
$200 shall be reported.''.
    (c) Other Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Authorized committees.--Paragraph (4) of section 304(b) 
        of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(4)) 
        is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (H), 
        by inserting ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (I), and by 
        adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(J) in the case of an authorized committee, 
                disbursements for the primary election, the general 
                election, and any other election in which the candidate 
                participates;''.
            (2) Names and addresses.--Subparagraph (A) of section 
        304(b)(5) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
        434(b)(5)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``within the calendar year'', and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and the election to which the 
                operating expenditure relates'' after ``operating 
                expenditure''.

SEC. 405. RESTRICTIONS ON FUNDRAISING BY CANDIDATES AND OFFICEHOLDERS.

    Section 315 of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a), as amended by sections 201 and 304, is further amended by adding 
at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(p) Limitations on Fundraising Activities of Federal Candidates 
and Officeholders and Certain Political Committees.--(1) For purposes 
of this Act, a candidate for Federal office, an individual holding 
Federal office, or any agent of the candidate or individual may not 
solicit funds to, or receive funds on behalf of, any Federal candidate 
or political committee, or any party or other multicandidate committee 
organized under State law to support more than one candidate for non-
Federal office--
            ``(A) which are to be expended in connection with any 
        election for Federal office unless such funds are subject to 
        the limitations, prohibitions, and requirements of this Act; or
            ``(B) which are to be expended in connection with any 
        election for other than Federal office unless such funds are 
        not in excess of amounts permitted with respect to Federal 
        candidates and political committees under subsections (a) (1) 
        and (2), and are not from sources prohibited by such 
        subsections with respect to elections to Federal office.
The limitations of this subsection do not apply to the solicitation or 
receipt of funds by a Federal candidate on behalf of any committee or 
organization organized primarily for purposes other than the election 
of particular candidates for public office.
    ``(2)(A) The aggregate amount which a person described in 
subparagraph (B) may solicit from a multicandidate political committee 
for State committees described in subsection (a)(1)(C) (including 
subordinate committees) for any calendar year shall not exceed the 
dollar amount in effect under subsection (a)(2)(B) for the calendar 
year.
    ``(B) A person is described in this subparagraph if such person is 
a candidate for Federal office, an individual holding Federal office, 
an agent of such a candidate or individual, or any national, State, 
district, or local committee of a political party (including a 
subordinate committee) and any agent of such a committee.
    ``(3) The personal appearance or participation by a candidate for 
Federal office or individual holding Federal office in any fundraising 
event conducted by a committee of a political party or a candidate for 
other than Federal office shall not be treated as a solicitation for 
purposes of paragraph (1) if such candidate or individual does not 
receive, or make disbursements from, any funds resulting from such 
activity.
    ``(4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the solicitation or receipt 
of funds, or disbursements, by an individual who is a candidate for 
other than Federal office if such activity is permitted under State 
law.
    ``(5) For purposes of this subsection, an individual shall be 
treated as holding Federal office if such individual--
            ``(A) holds a Federal office; or
            ``(B) holds a position described in level I of the 
        Executive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5, United States 
        Code.''.

SEC. 406. INCREASED LIMITATION AMOUNT FOR CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS TO 
              POLITICAL COMMITTEES OF STATE POLITICAL PARTIES.

    Section 315(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)(B)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``(B)'' the following: 
        ``notwithstanding any other provision of law,''; and
            (2) by inserting after ``national'' the following: ``or 
        State''.

SEC. 407. BUILDING FUND EXCEPTION TO THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM 
              ``CONTRIBUTION''.

    Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (1) by striking out clause (viii); and
            (2) by redesignating clauses (ix) through (xiv) as clauses 
        (viii) through (xiii), respectively.

                         TITLE V--CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 501. RESTRICTIONS ON BUNDLING.

    Section 315(a)(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(8)(A) No person, either directly or indirectly, may act as a 
conduit or intermediary for any contribution to a candidate.
    ``(B)(i) Nothing in this section shall prohibit--
            ``(I) joint fundraising conducted in accordance with rules 
        prescribed by the Commission by 2 or more candidates; or
            ``(II) fundraising for the benefit of a candidate that is 
        conducted by another candidate.
    ``(ii) No other person may conduct or otherwise participate in 
joint fundraising activities with or on behalf of any candidate.
    ``(C) The term `conduit or intermediary' means a person who 
transmits a contribution to a candidate or candidate's committee or 
representative from another person, except that--
            ``(i) a House of Representatives candidate or 
        representative of a House of Representatives candidate is not a 
        conduit or intermediary for the purpose of transmitting 
        contributions to the candidate's principal campaign committee 
        or authorized committee;
            ``(ii) a professional fundraiser is not a conduit or 
        intermediary, if the fundraiser is compensated for fundraising 
        services at the usual and customary rate;
            ``(iii) a volunteer hosting a fundraising event at the 
        volunteer's home, in accordance with section 301(8)(b), is not 
        a conduit or intermediary for the purposes of that event; and
            ``(iv) an individual is not a conduit or intermediary for 
        the purpose of transmitting a contribution from the 
        individual's spouse.
For purposes of this section a conduit or intermediary transmits a 
contribution when receiving or otherwise taking possession of the 
contribution and forwarding it directly to the candidate or the 
candidate's committee or representative.
    ``(D) For purposes of this section, the term `representative'--
            ``(i) shall mean a person who is expressly authorized by 
        the candidate to engage in fundraising, and who, in the case of 
        an individual, is not acting as an officer, employee, or agent 
        of any other person;
            ``(ii) shall not include--
                    ``(I) a political committee with a connected 
                organization;
                    ``(II) a political party;
                    ``(III) a partnership or sole proprietorship;
                    ``(IV) an organization prohibited from making 
                contributions under section 316; or
                    ``(V) a person required to register under section 
                308 of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 
                267) or the Foreign Agents Registration Act (22 U.S.C. 
                611) or any successor Federal law requiring a person 
                who is a lobbyist or a foreign agent to register.
    ``(E) For purposes of this section, the term `acting as an officer, 
employee, or agent of any other person' includes the following 
activities by a salaried officer, employee, or paid agent of a person 
described in subparagraph (D)(ii)(IV):
            ``(i) Soliciting contributions to a particular candidate in 
        the name of, or by using the name of, such a person.
            ``(ii) Soliciting contributions to a particular candidate 
        using other than the incidental resources of such a person.
            ``(iii) Soliciting contributions to a particular candidate 
        under the direction or control of other salaried officers, 
        employees, or paid agents of such a person.
For purposes of this subparagraph, the term `agent' shall include any 
person (other than individual members of an organization described in 
subparagraph (b)(4)(C) of section 316) acting on authority or under the 
direction of such organization.''.

SEC. 502. CONTRIBUTIONS BY DEPENDENTS NOT OF VOTING AGE.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a), as amended by sections 201, 304, 405, and 406, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(r) For purposes of this section, any contribution by an 
individual who--
            ``(1) is a dependent of another individual; and
            ``(2) has not, as of the time of such contribution, 
        attained the legal age for voting for elections to Federal 
        office in the State in which such individual resides,
shall be treated as having been made by such other individual. If such 
individual is the dependent of another individual and such other 
individual's spouse, the contribution shall be allocated among such 
individuals in the manner determined by them.''.

SEC. 503. PROHIBITION OF ACCEPTANCE BY A CANDIDATE OF CASH 
              CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ANY ONE PERSON AGGREGATING MORE THAN 
              $100.

    Section 321 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441g) is amended by inserting ``, and no candidate or authorized 
committee of a candidate shall accept from any one person,'' after 
``make''.

SEC. 504. CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANDIDATES FROM STATE AND LOCAL COMMITTEES 
              OF POLITICAL PARTIES TO BE AGGREGATED.

    Section 315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
    ``(9) Notwithstanding paragraph (5)(B), a candidate for Federal 
office may not accept, with respect to an election, any contribution 
from a State or local committee of a political party (including any 
subordinate committee of such committee), if such contribution, when 
added to the total of contributions previously accepted from all such 
committees of that political party, exceeds the limitation on 
contributions to a candidate under paragraph (2)(A).''.

SEC. 505. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 322 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441h) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``Sec. 322.'' the following: 
        ``(a)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) No person shall solicit contributions by falsely representing 
himself as a candidate or as a representative of a candidate, a 
political committee, or a political party.''.

SEC. 506. LIMITED EXCLUSION OF ADVANCES BY CAMPAIGN WORKERS FROM THE 
              DEFINITION OF THE TERM ``CONTRIBUTION''.

    Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(8)(B)), as amended by section 403, is further amended--
            (1) in clause (xix), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in clause (xx), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting: ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xxi) any advance voluntarily made on behalf of an 
        authorized committee of a candidate by an individual in the 
        normal course of such individual's responsibilities as a 
        volunteer for, or employee of, the committee, if the advance is 
        reimbursed by the committee within 10 days after the date on 
        which the advance is made, and the value of advances on behalf 
        of a committee does not exceed $500 with respect to an 
        election.''.

SEC. 507. AMENDMENT TO SECTION 316 OF THE FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT 
              OF 1971.

    Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(2) For'' and inserting ``(2)(A) Except 
        as provided in subparagraph (B), for'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
        clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(B) Payments by a corporation or labor organization for candidate 
appearances, candidate debates, voter guides, or voting records 
directed to the general public shall be considered contributions 
unless--
            ``(i) in the case of a candidate appearance, the appearance 
        takes place on corporate or labor organization premises or at a 
        meeting or convention of the corporation or labor organization, 
        and all candidates for election to that office are notified 
        that they may make an appearance under the same or similar 
        conditions;
            ``(ii) in the case of a candidate debate, the organization 
        staging the debate is either an organization described in 
        section 301 whose broadcasts or publications are supported by 
        commercial advertising, subscriptions or sales to the public, 
        including a noncommercial educational broadcaster, or a 
        nonprofit organization exempt from Federal taxation under 
        section 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986 that does not endorse, support, oppose candidates or 
        political parties and any such debate features at least 2 
        candidates competing for election to that office;
          ``(iii) in the case of a voter guide, the guide is prepared 
        and distributed by a corporation or labor organization and 
        consists of questions posed to at least two candidates for 
        election to that office; and
            ``(iv) in the case of a voting record, the record is 
        prepared and distributed by a corporation or labor organization 
        and such preparation and distribution occurs either without 
        consultation with any candidate whose record is included or in 
        consultation with all such candidates;
for purposes of subsection (i)(4) such payments shall be treated as 
contributions if any communication made by a corporation or labor 
organization in connection with the candidate appearance, candidate 
debate, voter guide, or voting record contains express advocacy, or 
that no structure or format of the candidate appearance, candidate 
debate, voter guide, or voting record, nor any preparation or 
distribution of any such guide or record, reflects a purpose of 
influencing the election of a particular candidate.''.

SEC. 508. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ELECTION-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN 
              NATIONALS.

    Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441e) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) A foreign national shall not directly or indirectly direct, 
control, influence or participate in any person's election-related 
activities, such as the making of contributions or expenditures in 
connection with elections for any local, State, or Federal office or 
the administration of a political committee.
    ``(d) A separate segregated fund established in accordance with 
section 316(b)(2)(C) involved in the making of contributions or 
expenditures in connection with elections for any Federal, State, or 
local office shall include the following statement on all printed 
materials produced for the purpose of soliciting contributions:
            ```It is unlawful for a foreign national to make any 
        contribution of money or other thing of value to a political 
        committee.'.''.

                    TITLE VI--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 601. CHANGE IN CERTAIN REPORTING FROM A CALENDAR YEAR BASIS TO AN 
              ELECTION CYCLE BASIS.

    Paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (6), and (7) of section 304(b) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b) (2), (3), (4), 
(6), and (7)), are amended by inserting after ``calendar year'' each 
place it appears the following: ``(election cycle, in the case of an 
authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office)''.

SEC. 602. PERSONAL AND CONSULTING SERVICES.

    (a) Reporting by Political Committees.--Section 304(b)(5)(A) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)), as 
amended by section 405, is further amended by inserting before the 
semicolon at the end the following: ``, except that if a person to whom 
an expenditure is made is merely providing personal or consulting 
services and is in turn making expenditures to other persons (not 
including employees) who provide goods or services to the candidate or 
his or her authorized committees, the name and address of such other 
person, together with the date, amount and purpose of such expenditure 
shall also be disclosed''.
    (b) Recordkeeping and Reporting by Persons to Whom Expenditures Are 
Passed Through.--Section 302 of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 432) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(j) The person described in section 304(b)(5)(A) who is providing 
personal or consulting services and who is in turn making expenditures 
to other persons (not including employees) for goods or services 
provided to a candidate shall maintain records of and shall provide to 
a political committee the information necessary to enable the political 
committee to report the information described in section 
304(b)(5)(A).''.

SEC. 603. REDUCTION IN THRESHOLD FOR REPORTING OF CERTAIN INFORMATION 
              BY PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITICAL COMMITTEES.

    Section 304(b)(3)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 434(b)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ``$200'' and inserting 
``$100''.

SEC. 604. COMPUTERIZED INDICES OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 311(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 438(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (9);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (10) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) maintain computerized indices of contributions of 
        $200 or more.''.

SEC. 605. IDENTIFICATION.

    Section 301(13)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(13)(A)) is amended by striking ``mailing address'' and 
inserting ``permanent residence address''.

SEC. 606. POLITICAL COMMITTEES.

    Section 303(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 433(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``, and if the 
        organization or committee is incorporated, the State of 
        incorporation'' after ``committee''; and
            (2) by striking the ``name and address of the treasurer'' 
        in paragraph (4) and inserting ``the names and addresses of the 
        officers, including the treasurer''.

SEC. 607. USE OF CANDIDATES' NAMES.

    Section 302(e)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 432(e)(4)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(4)(A) The name of each authorized committee shall include the 
name of the candidate who authorized the committee under paragraph (1).
    ``(B) A political committee that is not an authorized committee 
shall not--
            ``(i) include the name of any candidate in its name, or
            ``(ii) except in the case of a national, State, or local 
        party committee, use the name of any candidate in any activity 
        on behalf of such committee in such a context as to suggest 
        that the committee is an authorized committee of the candidate 
        or that the use of the candidate's name has been authorized by 
        the candidate.''.

SEC. 608. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434), as amended by sections 402, 403, and 404, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Waiver.--The Commission may relieve any category of political 
committees of the obligation to file 1 or more reports required by this 
section, or may change the due dates of such reports, if it determines 
that such action is consistent with the purposes of this Act. The 
Commission may waive requirements to file reports in accordance with 
this subsection through a rule of general applicability or, in a 
specific case, may waive or change the due date of a report by 
notifying all political committees affected.''.

SEC. 609. SIMULTANEOUS REGISTRATION OF CANDIDATE AND CANDIDATE'S 
              PRINCIPAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE.

    Section 303(a) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
433(a)) is amended in the first sentence by striking ``no later than 10 
days after designation'' and inserting ``on the date of its 
designation''.

SEC. 610. DISCLOSURES BY ORGANIZATIONS THAT ENGAGE IN LOBBYING.

    (a) Disclosures Required.--Title III of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section 403, 
is further amended by adding after section 323 the following new 
section:

``SEC. 324. DISCLOSURES BY ORGANIZATIONS THAT ENGAGE IN LOBBYING.

    ``(a) In General.--Any organization that--
            ``(1) is described in paragraph (4) or (6) of section 
        501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt from 
        tax under section 501(a) of such Code, and
            ``(2) conducts lobbying activities or pays another person 
        compensation to conduct lobbying activities on its behalf,
shall provide the same information with respect to contributions made 
to such organization, in the same manner and to the same extent as is 
required for political committees under this Act.
    ``(b) Definition.-- As used in this section--
            ``(1) the term `lobbying activities' means lobbying 
        contacts and efforts in support of such contacts, including--
                    ``(A) preparation and planning activities;
                    ``(B) research and other background work that is 
                intended for use in lobbying contacts;
                    ``(C) coordination with the lobbying activities of 
                others; and
                    ``(D) grass roots lobbying communications (as 
                defined in regulations implementing section 4911(c)(3) 
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) to the extent 
                that such communications are made in direct support of 
                lobbying contacts;
            ``(2) the term `lobbying contact'--
                    ``(A) means any oral or written communication with 
                a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of the 
                House of Representatives or the Senate, or an officer 
                or employee of the executive branch that is made with 
                regard to--
                            ``(i) the formulation, modification, or 
                        adoption of Federal legislation (including 
                        legislative proposals); or
                            ``(ii) the formulation, modification, or 
                        adoption of a Federal rule, regulation, 
                        Executive order, or any other program, policy, 
                        or position of the United States Government; 
                        and
                    ``(B) does not include any communication that--
                            ``(i) is made by public officials acting in 
                        their official capacity;
                            ``(ii) is made by representatives of a 
                        media organization if the purpose of the 
                        communication is gathering and disseminating 
                        news and information to the public; or
                            ``(iii) consists of testimony given before 
                        a committee or subcommittee of the Congress, or 
                        submitted for inclusion in the public record of 
                        a hearing conducted by any such committee or 
                        subcommittee or by a Federal agency; and
            ``(3) the term `Member of Congress' means a Senator or a 
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
        Congress.''.
    (b) Definition.--Section 301(8)(A) of Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)), as amended by section 301, is further 
amended--
            (1) in clause (ii) by striking ``or'' after the semicolon;
            (2) in clause (iii) by striking the period and inserting 
        ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(iv) any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of 
        money or anything of value made by any person to an 
        organization to which section 323 applies.''.

                 TITLE VII--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

SEC. 701. APPEARANCE AS AMICI CURIAE.

    Section 306(f) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 437c(f)) is amended by striking out paragraph (4) and inserting 
in lieu thereof the following new paragraph:
    ``(4)(A) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2), or of any 
other provision of law, the Commission is authorized to appear on its 
own behalf in any action related to the exercise of its statutory 
duties or powers in any court as either a party or as amicus curiae, 
either--
            ``(i) by attorneys employed in its office, or
            ``(ii) by counsel whom it may appoint, on a temporary basis 
        as may be necessary for such purpose, without regard to the 
        provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing 
        appointments in the competitive service, and whose compensation 
        it may fix without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and 
        subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title. The compensation of 
        counsel so appointed on a temporary basis shall be paid out of 
        any funds otherwise available to pay the compensation of 
        employees of the Commission.
    ``(B) The authority granted under subparagraph (A) includes the 
power to appeal from, and petition the Supreme Court for certiorari to 
review, judgments or decrees entered with respect to actions in which 
the Commission appears pursuant to the authority provided in this 
section.''.

SEC. 702. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS.

    Title III of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et 
seq.), as amended by sections 403 and 610, is further amended by 
inserting after section 324 the following new section:

``SEC. 325. PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS.

    ``(a) In General.--Beginning on January 15, and continuing through 
April 15 of each year, the Federal Election Commission shall carry out 
a program, utilizing broadcast announcements and other appropriate 
means, to inform the public of the existence and purpose of the Citizen 
Representative Fund and the role that individual citizens can play in 
the election process by voluntarily contributing to the Fund. The 
Commission shall seek to broadcast such announcements during prime time 
viewing hours in 30-second advertising segments equivalent to 200 gross 
rating points per network per week. The Commission shall attempt to 
ensure that the maximum number of taxpayers shall be exposed to these 
announcements. The Federal Election Commission shall attempt to utilize 
a variety of communications media, including television, cable, and 
radio networks, and individual television, cable, and radio stations, 
to provide similar announcements.
    ``(b) Gross Rating Point.--The term `gross rating point' is a 
measure of the total gross weight delivered. It is the sum of the 
ratings for individual programs. Since a household rating period is 1 
percent of the coverage base, 200 gross rating points means 2 messages 
a week per average household.''.

SEC. 703. AUTHORITY TO SEEK INJUNCTION.

    Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
            (1) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(13)(A) If, at any time in a proceeding described in paragraph 
(1), (2), (3), or (4), the Commission believes that--
            ``(i) there is a substantial likelihood that a violation of 
        this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue 
        Code of 1986 is occurring or is about to occur;
            ``(ii) the failure to act expeditiously will result in 
        irreparable harm to a party affected by the potential 
        violation;
            ``(iii) expeditious action will not cause undue harm or 
        prejudice to the interests of others; and
            ``(iv) the public interest would be best served by the 
        issuance of an injunction,
the Commission may initiate a civil action for a temporary restraining 
order or a temporary injunction pending the outcome of the proceedings 
described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4).
    ``(B) An action under subparagraph (A) shall be brought in the 
United States district court for the district in which the defendant 
resides, transacts business, or may be found or in which the violation 
is occurring, has occurred, or is about to occur.'';
            (2) in paragraph (7), by striking ``(5) or (6)'' and 
        inserting ``(5), (6), or (13)''; and
            (3) in paragraph (11), by striking ``(6)'' and inserting 
        ``(6) or (13)''.

SEC. 704. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES.

    Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)), as amended by section 703, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(14)(A) If the complaint in a proceeding was filed within 60 days 
immediately preceding a general election, the Commission may take 
action described in this subparagraph.
    ``(B) If the Commission determines, on the basis of facts alleged 
in the complaint and other facts available to it, that there is clear 
and convincing evidence that a violation of this Act or of chapter 95 
or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 has occurred, is occurring, 
or is about to occur and it appears that the requirements for relief 
stated in paragraph (13)(A) (ii), (iii), and (iv) are met, the 
Commission may--
            ``(i) order expedited proceedings, shortening the time 
        periods for proceedings under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) 
        as necessary to allow the matter to be resolved in sufficient 
        time before the election to avoid harm or prejudice to the 
        interests of the parties; or
            ``(ii) if the Commission determines that there is 
        insufficient time to conduct proceedings before the election, 
        immediately seek relief under paragraph (13)(A).
    ``(C) If the Commission determines, on the basis of facts alleged 
in the complaint and other facts available to it, that the complaint is 
clearly without merit, the Commission may--
            ``(i) order expedited proceedings, shortening the time 
        periods for proceedings under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) 
        as necessary to allow the matter to be resolved in sufficient 
        time before the election to avoid harm or prejudice to the 
        interests of the parties; or
            ``(ii) if the Commission determines that there is 
        insufficient time to conduct proceedings before the election, 
        summarily dismiss the complaint.''.

SEC. 705. INSOLVENT POLITICAL COMMITTEES.

    (a) In General.--Section 303(d) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 433(d)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph:
    ``(3) Proceedings by the Commission under paragraph (2) constitute 
the sole means, to the exclusion of proceedings under title 11, United 
States Code, by which a political committee that is determined by the 
Commission to be insolvent may compromise its debts, liquidate its 
assets, and terminate its existence.''.
    (b) Procedures.--Section 303(d)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 433(d)(2)) is amended by striking out ``Nothing'' 
and all that follows through ``procedures'' and inserting in lieu 
thereof ``The Commission shall establish procedures to allow''.

                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 801. BROADCAST RATES AND PREEMPTION.

    Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``forty-five'' and inserting 
                ``30'';
                    (B) by striking ``sixty'' and inserting ``45''; and
                    (C) by striking ``lowest unit charge of the station 
                for the same class and amount of time for the same 
                period'' and insert ``lowest charge of the station for 
                the same amount of time for the same period''; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a licensee shall not 
preempt the use, during any period specified in subsection (b)(1), of a 
broadcasting station by a legally qualified candidate for public office 
who has purchased and paid for such use pursuant to the provisions of 
subsection (b)(1).
    ``(2) If a program to be broadcast by a broadcasting station is 
preempted because of circumstances beyond the control of the 
broadcasting station, any candidate advertising spot scheduled to be 
broadcast during that program may also be preempted.''.

SEC. 802. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441d) is amended--
            (1) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``Whenever'' and inserting ``Whenever a political 
        committee makes a disbursement for the purpose of financing any 
        communication through any broadcasting station, newspaper, 
        magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other 
        type of general public political advertising, or whenever'';
            (2) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``an expenditure'' and inserting ``a 
        disbursement'';
            (3) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``direct'';
            (4) in paragraph (3) of subsection (a), by inserting after 
        ``name'' the following ``and permanent street address''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall 
be--
            ``(1) of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
        recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
        contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) consist of a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d)(1) Any communication described in subsection (a)(1) or 
subsection (a)(2) that is provided to and distributed by any 
broadcasting station or cable system (as such terms are defined in 
sections 315 and 602 (respectively) of the Communications Act of 1934) 
shall include, in addition to the requirements of subsections (a)(1) 
and (a)(2), an audio statement by the candidate that identifies the 
candidate and states that the candidate has approved the communication.
    ``(2) If a communication described in paragraph (1) contains any 
visual images, the statement required by paragraph (1) shall--
            ``(A) appear in a clearly readable manner with a reasonable 
        degree of color contrast between the background and the printed 
        statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds at the end of the 
        communication; and
            ``(B) be accompanied by a clearly identifiable photographic 
        or similar image of the candidate.
    ``(e) Any communication described in subsection (a)(3) that is 
provided to and distributed by any broadcasting station or cable system 
(as such terms are defined in sections 315 and 602 (respectively) of 
the Communications Act of 1934) shall include, in addition to the 
requirements of those subsections, in a clearly spoken manner, the 
following statement--
            `             is responsible for the content of this 
        advertisement.'
with the blank to be filled in with the name of the political committee 
or other person paying for the communication and the name of any 
connected organization of the payor; and, if such communication 
contains visual images, shall also appear in a clearly readable manner 
with a reasonable degree of color contrast between the background and 
the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds.
    ``(f) In the case of an election for the office of Representative 
in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, any 
communication described in subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(2) on 
behalf of a candidate who is not an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate shall disclose the noneligible status of the candidate.''.

SEC. 803. TELEPHONE VOTING BY PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Study of Systems To Permit Persons With Disabilities To Vote by 
Telephone.--
            (1) In general.--The Federal Election Commission shall 
        conduct a study to determine the feasibility of developing a 
        system or systems by which persons with disabilities may be 
        permitted to vote by telephone.
            (2) Consultation.--The Federal Election Commission shall 
        conduct the study described in paragraph (1) in consultation 
        with State and local election officials, representatives of the 
        telecommunications industry, representatives of persons with 
        disabilities, and other concerned members of the public.
            (3) Criteria.--The system or systems developed pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) propose a description of the kinds of 
                disabilities that impose such difficulty in travel to 
                polling places that a person with a disability who may 
                desire to vote is discouraged from undertaking such 
                travel;
                    (B) propose procedures to identify persons who are 
                so disabled; and
                    (C) describe procedures and equipment that may be 
                used to ensure that--
                            (i) only those persons who are entitled to 
                        use the system are permitted to use it;
                            (ii) the votes of persons who use the 
                        system are recorded accurately and remain 
                        secret;
                            (iii) the system minimizes the possibility 
                        of vote fraud; and
                            (iv) the system minimizes the financial 
                        costs that State and local governments would 
                        incur in establishing and operating the system.
            (4) Requests for proposals.--In developing a system 
        described in paragraph (1), the Federal Election Commission may 
        request proposals from private contractors for the design of 
        procedures and equipment to be used in the system.
            (5) Physical access.--Nothing in this section is intended 
        to supersede or supplant efforts by State and local governments 
        to make polling places physically accessible to persons with 
        disabilities.
            (6) Deadline.--The Federal Election Commission shall submit 
        to Congress the study required by this section not later than 1 
        year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 804. TRANSFER OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FINANCING PROVISIONS TO 
              FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971.

    (a) General Rule.--The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

       ``TITLE VIII--FINANCING OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

           ``Subtitle A--Presidential Election Campaign Fund

     ``Subtitle B--Presidential Primary Matching Payment Account''.

    (b) Transfer of Provisions from Internal Revenue Code.--
            (1) Sections 9001 through 9012 of the Internal Revenue Code 
        of 1986 are hereby transferred to the Federal Election Campaign 
        Act of 1971, inserted after the heading for subtitle A of title 
        VIII of such Act (as added by subsection (a)), and redesignated 
        as sections 801 through 812, respectively.
            (2) Sections 9031 through 9042 of the Internal Revenue Code 
        of 1986 are hereby transferred to the Federal Election Campaign 
        Act of 1971, inserted after the heading for subtitle B of title 
        VIII of such Act, and redesignated as sections 831 through 842, 
        respectively.
    (c) Conforming Amendments to Internal Revenue Code.--The Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended--
            (1) by striking ``section 9006(a)'' in section 6096(a) and 
        inserting ``section 806(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
        of 1971'',
            (2) by striking subtitle H, and
            (3) by striking the item relating to subtitle H in the 
        table of subtitles.
    (d) Conforming Amendments to Transferred Sections.--
            (1) Each section transferred under subsection (b) is 
        amended by striking each reference contained therein to another 
        provision transferred and redesignated by subsection (b) and 
        inserting a reference to the redesignated provision.
            (2) Title VIII of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
        (as amended by the foregoing provisions of this section) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``This chapter'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``This subtitle'',
                    (B) by striking ``this chapter'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``this subtitle'',
                    (C) by striking ``of the Federal Election Campaign 
                Act of 1971'' each place it appears,
                    (D) by striking ``chapter 96'' in section 803(e) 
                and inserting ``subtitle B'',
                    (E) by striking ``section 6096'' in sections 
                806(a), 808(a), and 810(c) and inserting ``section 6096 
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986'', and
                    (F) by striking ``this subtitle'' in section 810(c) 
                and inserting ``this title''.
    (e) Savings Provisions.--
            (1) Continuation of funds.--The fund established under 
        section 806(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as 
        amended by this section) shall be treated for all purposes of 
        law as a continuation of the fund established by section 
        9006(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as in effect on 
        the day before the date of the enactment of this Act). A 
        similar rule shall apply to the accounts required under 
        sections 808 and 837 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
        1971 (as so amended).
            (2) References to transferred provisions.--Any reference in 
        any law, rule, regulation, or other official paper to a 
        provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which was 
        transferred under subsection (b) shall be treated as reference 
        to the appropriate provision of the Federal Election Campaign 
        Act of 1971.

   TITLE IX--HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CAMPAIGN ELECTION FUNDING AND 
                            RELATED MATTERS

SEC. 901. CITIZEN REPRESENTATIVE FUND.

    The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), 
as amended by section 121, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following new title:

                ``TITLE VII--CITIZEN REPRESENTATIVE FUND

``SEC. 701. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF THE FUND.

    ``(a) In General.--There is hereby established on the books of the 
Treasury of the United States a special fund to be known as the Citizen 
Representative Fund (hereinafter in this title referred to as the 
`fund'). The amounts designated for the fund shall remain available 
without fiscal limitation for purposes of providing benefits under 
title VI and making expenditures for the administration of the fund. 
The Secretary shall maintain such accounts in the fund as may be 
required by this title or which the Secretary determines to be 
necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.
    ``(b) Payments Upon Certification.--Upon receipt of a certification 
from the Commission under section 604, except as provided in subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall issue within 48 hours to an eligible candidate 
the amount of voter communication vouchers certified by the Commission 
to the eligible candidate out of the fund.
    ``(c) Reductions in Payments if Funds Insufficient.--If on June 1, 
1998, or on June 1 of a Federal election year thereafter, the Secretary 
determines that the moneys in the fund are not, or may not be, 
sufficient to satisfy the full entitlement of all eligible candidates, 
the Secretary shall withhold from such payment the amount necessary to 
assure that each eligible candidate will receive a pro rata share of 
the candidate's full entitlement. Amounts so withheld shall be paid 
when the Secretary determines that there are sufficient moneys in the 
fund to pay such amounts, or portions thereof, to all eligible 
candidates from whom amounts have been withheld, but, if there are not 
sufficient moneys in the fund to satisfy the full entitlement of an 
eligible candidate, the amounts so withheld shall be paid in such 
manner that each eligible candidate receives a pro rata share of the 
full entitlement, except that--
            ``(1) in special elections, a candidate shall receive the 
        full entitlement not a pro rata share; and
            ``(2) a candidate who receives vouchers from the fund in 
        response to an independent expenditure as provided in section 
        604(f) shall receive the full entitlement not a pro rata share.
    ``(d) Notification.--The Secretary shall notify the Commission and 
each eligible candidate by registered mail of any reduction of any 
payment by reason of subsection (c).
    ``(e) Redeemability of Vouchers.--Voter communication vouchers 
issued and used as provided in this section shall be redeemable at face 
value by the Secretary through the facilities of the Treasury of the 
United States. The Secretary shall issue regulations providing for the 
redemption of voter communication vouchers through financial 
institutions which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance 
Corporation or the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. No 
financial institution may impose a fee or other charge for the 
redemption of voter communication vouchers.''.

SEC. 902. DESIGNATION OF OVERPAYMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE CITIZEN 
              REPRESENTATIVE FUND AS SPECIFIED BY THE TAXPAYER.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to returns and records) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

   ``PART IX--DESIGNATION OF OVERPAYMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE 
        CITIZEN REPRESENTATIVE FUND AS SPECIFIED BY THE TAXPAYER

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION.

    ``(a) In General.--With respect to each taxpayer's return for the 
taxable year of the tax imposed by chapter 1, such taxpayer may 
designate that--
            ``(1) a specified portion (not less than $1 or more than 
        $5,000, and not less than $1 or more than $10,000 in the case 
        of a joint return) of any overpayment of tax for such taxable 
        year, and
            ``(2) any contribution which the taxpayer includes with 
        such return,
shall be used for the Citizen Representative Fund.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made with respect to any taxable year only at the 
time of filing the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for such taxable 
year. Such designation shall be made on the 1st page of the return.
    ``(c) Overpayments Treated as Refunded.--For purposes of this 
title, any portion of an overpayment of tax designated under subsection 
(a) shall be treated as being refunded to the taxpayer as of the last 
date prescribed for filing the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 
(determined without regard to extensions) or, if later, the date the 
return is filed.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for such subchapter A 
is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:

                              ``Part IX. Designation of overpayments 
                                        and contributions for the 
                                        Citizen Representative Fund as 
                                        specified by the taxpayer.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995.

SEC. 903. FUNDING.

    The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 (28 
U.S.C. 2461 note) is amended--
            (1) by amending section 4 to read as follows:

                ``adjustment of penalties by regulation

    ``Sec. 4. The head of each Federal department or agency shall--
            ``(1) by regulation, not later than the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and every year thereafter, adjust each civil 
        monetary penalty provided by law within the jurisdiction of the 
        department or agency, except any penalty under the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986, by the inflation adjustment described in 
        section 5;
            ``(2) publish each such adjustment in the Federal Register; 
        and
            ``(3) submit to the Secretary of the Treasury by November 
        15 of each year a statement of--
                    ``(A) the amount of such penalties collected during 
                the preceding fiscal year; and
                    ``(B) the portion of that amount that is 
                attributable to inflation adjustments, determined under 
                section 8.'';
            (2) in section 5(a) by striking ``The adjustment described 
        under paragraphs (4) and (5)(A) of section 4'' and inserting 
        ``The inflation adjustment''; and
            (3) adding at the end the following new sections:

                  ``application of penalty adjustments

    ``Sec. 7. Any adjustment to a civil monetary penalty made under 
section 4 shall apply to violations that occur after the date on which 
the adjustment is made.

 ``deposit of increased collections in the citizen representative fund

    ``Sec. 8. (a) On the first November 15 following the date of 
enactment of this Act, and on November 15 of each year thereafter, the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Citizen Representative 
Fund the portion of the amount of civil penalties collected by each 
Federal department or agency during the preceding year that is 
attributable to inflation adjustments made under section 4.
    ``(b) For the purposes of subsection (a), each amount of a civil 
penalty collected for a violation that occurs after the date of 
enactment shall be considered to include a portion attributable to the 
inflation adjustment that is equal to the amount collected multiplied 
by the fraction obtained by dividing--
            ``(1) the amount by which the maximum authorized amount of 
        the penalty had been adjusted under section 4 after the date of 
        enactment, and before the penalty was imposed, by
            ``(2) the maximum authorized penalty as of the date of 
        enactment of this section.''.

SEC. 904. AFFINITY CARDS.

    Section 316 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441b) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section or any other 
provision of this Act to the contrary, an amount received from a 
corporation (including a State-chartered or national bank) by the 
Citizen Representative Fund (other than a separate segregated fund 
established under section 316(b)(2)(C)) shall be deemed to meet the 
limitations and prohibitions of this Act if such amount represents a 
commission or royalty on the issuance or use of credit cards, by such 
corporation and if--
            ``(1) such credit cards are promoted in the name of the 
        Citizen Representative Fund as a means of contributing to or 
        supporting the Fund;
            ``(2) consumers are informed by the corporation concerning 
        the percentage of commission or royalty that will go directly 
        to the Citizen Representative Fund;
            ``(3) the corporation is in the business of issuing such 
        credit cards;
            ``(4) the royalty or commission has been offered by the 
        corporation to the Fund in the ordinary course of the 
        corporation's business and on the same terms and conditions as 
        those on which such corporation offers royalties or commissions 
        to nonpolitical entities;
            ``(5) all revenue on which the commission or royalty is 
        based represents, or results from, sales to or fees paid by 
        individual consumers in the ordinary course of retail 
        transactions; and
            ``(6) except for any royalty or commission permitted to be 
        paid by this subsection, no goods, services, or anything else 
        of value is provided by such corporation to the Fund, except 
        that such corporation may advance or finance costs or extend 
        credit in connection with the issuance of credit cards pursuant 
        to this subsection if and to the extent such advance, 
        financing, or extension is undertaken in the ordinary course of 
        the corporation's business and is undertaken on similar terms 
        by such corporation in its transactions with nonpolitical 
        entities in like circumstances.''.

                 TITLE X--EFFECTIVE DATES; SEVERABILITY

SEC. 1001. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by, 
and the provisions of, this Act shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act but shall not apply with respect to activities in 
connection with any election occurring before January 1, 1997.

SEC. 1002. SEVERABILITY.

    (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), if any provision of this 
Act (including any amendment made by this Act), or the application of 
any such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the 
validity of any other provision of this Act, or the application of such 
provision to other persons and circumstances, shall not be affected 
thereby.
    (b) If title VI of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, 
section 315 (i) through (j) (as added by this Act), or section 701 (as 
added by this Act), or any part thereof, is held to be invalid, all 
provisions of, and amendments made by title VI, section 315 (i) through 
(j) of this Act, or section 701 of this Act shall be treated as 
invalid.

SEC. 1003. EXPEDITED REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    (a) Direct Appeal to Supreme Court.--An appeal may be taken 
directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any final 
judgment, decree, or order issued by any court finding any provision of 
this Act, or amendment made by this Act to be unconstitutional.
    (b) Acceptance and Expedition.--The Supreme Court shall, if it has 
not previously ruled on the question addressed in the ruling below, 
accept jurisdiction over, advance on the docket, and expedite the 
appeal to the greatest extent possible.

SEC. 1004. REGULATIONS.

    The Federal Election Commission shall prescribe any regulations 
required to carry out the provisions of this Act within 12 months after 
the effective date of this Act.
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