[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2900 Introduced in House (IH)]
2d Session
H. R. 2900
To establish nationally uniform requirements regarding the titling and
registration of salvage, nonrepairable, and rebuilt vehicles.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
January 25, 1996
Mr. White (for himself, Mr. Schaefer, Mr. Brown of Ohio, and Mr.
Richardson) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
Committee on Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on the
Judiciary and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To establish nationally uniform requirements regarding the titling and
registration of salvage, nonrepairable, and rebuilt vehicles.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``National Motor Vehicle Safety, Anti-
Theft, Title Reform, and Consumer Protection Act of 1995''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Many States do not have specific requirements regarding
the disclosure of a motor vehicle's salvage history and some
States never require that the motor vehicle's title be stamped
or branded to indicate that it is, or has been, a salvage
vehicle.
(2) Existing State disclosure requirements regarding a
motor vehicle's salvage history are inconsistent in scope and
language, require the use of various and different forms and
administrative procedures, will undercut the effectiveness of
the National Automobile Title Information System created by the
Anti Car Theft Act of 1992, are burdensome on interstate
commerce, and make it easy for unscrupulous sellers of rebuilt
vehicles to mislead potential wholesale and retail buyers about
the condition and value of such vehicles.
(3) The fact that a motor vehicle is salvage,
nonrepairable, flood damaged, or rebuilt after incurring
substantial damage is material in any subsequent purchase or
sale of that motor vehicle.
(4) Some salvage and nonrepairable vehicles become involved
in illegal commerce in stolen vehicles and parts. The lack of
theft inspection in some jurisdictions for rebuilt motor
vehicles before allowing the vehicles back on the road provides
an opportunity for an unscrupulous person to use stolen parts
in the rebuilding of motor vehicles.
(5) According to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, rebuilt motor vehicles may not have passed any
safety inspection and may pose a public safety risk and
consumers who unknowingly buy these motor vehicles face an
increased risk of death or serious injury. Statistics prepared
by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators
indicate that 71 percent of the States require some form of
safety inspection before a rebuilt salvage vehicle may be
registered for use on the road. The promulgation of a safety
inspection program by the Secretary of Transportation may
assist the States in expanding and standardizing their
inspection programs for rebuilt vehicles.
(6) Duplicate or replacement titles play an important role
in many vehicle thefts and various types of vehicle fraud.
Accordingly, State controls on the issuance of such titles must
be strengthened and made uniform across the country.
(7) Large numbers of motor vehicles are exported from
United States ports to foreign countries without proper
documentation of ownership in violation of law.
(8) In view of such threats to public safety and consumer
interests, the Motor Vehicle Titling, Registration and Salvage
Advisory Committee, which was convened under the auspices of
the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to section 140(a) of
the Anti Car Theft Act of 1992 (15 U.S.C. 2041 note),
recommended that Federal legislation be enacted to require
certain definitions to be used nationwide to describe seriously
damaged vehicles, that all States be required to use these
definitions in determining appropriate title designations, and
that all States be required to use certain motor vehicle
titling and control methods and to take certain other measures
to protect the integrity of the titling process.
SEC. 3. MOTOR VEHICLE TITLING AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS.
Subtitle VI of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
inserting a new chapter at the end:
``CHAPTER 333--AUTOMOBILE SAFETY, ANTI-THEFT, AND TITLE DISCLOSURE
REQUIREMENTS
``Sec. 33301. Definitions
``For the purposes of this chapter:
``(1) Passenger motor vehicle.--The term `passenger motor
vehicle' means any vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power
manufactured primarily for use on the public streets, roads,
and highways, including a multipurpose passenger vehicle or
light duty truck when that vehicle or truck is rated at not
more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight, except that such
term does not include a motorcycle.
``(2) Salvage vehicle.--The term `salvage vehicle' means
any passenger motor vehicle which has been wrecked, destroyed,
or damaged to the extent that the total estimated or actual
cost of parts and labor to rebuild or reconstruct the passenger
motor vehicle to its pre-accident condition and for legal
operation on the roads or highways exceeds 75 percent of the
retail value of the passenger motor vehicle, as set forth in a
current edition of any nationally recognized compilation (to
include automated databases) of retail values, as approved by
the Secretary. Such term shall not include any passenger motor
vehicle having a model year designation of a calendar year
which is at least 5 years prior to the calendar year in which
the vehicle was wrecked, destroyed, or damaged. The value of
repair parts for purposes of this paragraph shall be determined
by using the published retail cost of the original equipment
manufacturer parts or the actual retail cost of the repair
parts to be used in the repair. The labor cost of repairs for
purposes of this paragraph shall be computed by using the
hourly labor rate and time allocations that are reasonable and
customary in the automobile repair industry in the community
where the repairs are performed. Such term includes, without
regard to whether such passenger motor vehicle meets the 75
percent threshold specified in the first sentence--
``(A) any passenger motor vehicle to which an
insurance company acquires ownership pursuant to a
damage settlement (not to include a settlement in
connection with a recovered theft vehicle unless such
passenger motor vehicle sustained sufficient damage to
meet the 75 percent threshold specified in the first
sentence); or
``(B) any passenger motor vehicle whose owner may
wish to designate as a salvage vehicle by obtaining a
salvage title, without regard to the extent of the
passenger motor vehicle's damage and repairs. Such
designation by the owner shall not impose on the
insurer of the passenger motor vehicle or on an insurer
processing a claim made by or on behalf of the owner of
the passenger motor vehicle any obligation or
liability.
``(3) Salvage title.--The term `salvage title' means a
passenger motor vehicle ownership document issued by the State
to the owner of a salvage vehicle. Ownership of the passenger
motor vehicle may be transferred on a salvage title, however, a
passenger motor vehicle for which a salvage title has been
issued shall not be registered for use on the roads or highways
unless it has been issued a rebuilt salvage title. A salvage
title shall be conspicuously labeled with the word `salvage'
across the front.
``(4) Rebuilt salvage vehicle.--The term `rebuilt salvage
vehicle' means--
``(A) any passenger motor vehicle which was
previously issued a salvage title, has passed State
anti-theft inspection, has been issued a certificate
indicating that the passenger motor vehicle has passed
the required anti-theft inspection, has passed the
State safety inspection in those States requiring a
safety inspection pursuant to section 33302(b)(7), has
been issued a certificate indicating that the passenger
motor vehicle has passed the required safety inspection
in those States requiring such a safety inspection
pursuant to section 33302(b)(7), and has a decal
stating ``Rebuilt Salvage Vehicle-- Anti-theft and
Safety Inspections Passed'' affixed to the driver's door jamb; or
``(B) any passenger motor vehicle which was
previously issued a salvage title, has passed a State
anti-theft inspection, has been issued a certificate
indicating that the passenger motor vehicle has passed
the required anti-theft inspection, and has, affixed to
the driver's door jamb, a decal stating ``Rebuilt
Salvage Vehicle--Anti-theft Inspection Passed/No Safety
Inspection Pursuant to National Criteria'' in those
States not requiring a safety inspection pursuant to
section 33302(b)(7).
``(5) Rebuilt salvage title.--The term `rebuilt salvage
title' means the passenger motor vehicle ownership document
issued by the State to the owner of a rebuilt salvage vehicle.
Ownership of the passenger motor vehicle may be transferred on
a rebuilt salvage title, and a passenger motor vehicle for
which a rebuilt salvage title has been issued may be registered
for use on the roads and highways. A rebuilt salvage title
shall be conspicuously labeled either with the words ``Rebuilt
Salvage Vehicle--Anti-theft and Safety Inspections Passed'' or
``Rebuilt Salvage Vehicle--Anti-theft Inspection Passed/No
Safety Inspection Pursuant to National Criteria,'' as
appropriate, across the front.
``(6) Nonrepairable vehicle.--The term `nonrepairable
vehicle' means any passenger motor vehicle which is incapable
of safe operation for use on roads or highways and which has no
resale value except as a source of parts or scrap only or which
the owner irreversibly designates as a source of parts or
scrap. Such passenger motor vehicle shall be issued a
nonrepairable vehicle certificate and shall never again be
titled or registered.
``(7) Nonrepairable vehicle certificate.--The term
`nonrepairable vehicle certificate' means a passenger motor
vehicle ownership document issued by the State to the owner of
a nonrepairable vehicle. Ownership of the passenger motor
vehicle may only be transferred 2 times on a nonrepairable
vehicle certificate. A passenger motor vehicle for which a
nonrepairable vehicle certificate has been issued can never be
titled or registered for use on roads or highways. A
nonrepairable vehicle certificate shall be conspicuously
labeled with the word `Nonrepairable' across the front.
``(8) Flood vehicle.--The term `flood vehicle' means any
passenger motor vehicle that has been submerged in water to the
point that rising water has reached over the door sill and has
entered the passenger or trunk compartment. Disclosure that a
passenger motor vehicle has become a `flood vehicle' shall be
made at the time of transfer of ownership and the next
certificate of title issued after such transfer shall be
conspicuously labeled with the word `flood' across the front.
``Sec. 33302. Passenger motor vehicle titling
``(a) Carry-Forward of Information on a Newly Issued Title Where
the Previous Title for the Vehicle Was Not Issued Pursuant to New
Nationally Uniform Standards.--For any passenger motor vehicle, the
ownership of which is transferred on or after the date that is 1 year
from the date of the enactment of this chapter, each State, in
licensing such vehicle for use, shall disclose in writing on the
certificate of title whenever records readily accessible to the State
indicate that the passenger motor vehicle was previously issued a title
that bore any word or symbol signifying that the vehicle was `salvage',
`unrebuildable', `parts only', `scrap', `junk', `nonrepairable',
`reconstructed', `rebuilt', or any other symbol or word of like kind,
or that it has been damaged by flood.
``(b) Nationally Uniform Title Standards and Control Methods.--Not
later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this chapter,
the Secretary of Transportation shall by rule require each State, in
licensing any passenger motor vehicle where ownership of such passenger
motor vehicle is transferred more than 2 years after publication of
such final rule, to apply uniform standards, procedures, and methods
for the issuance and control of titles for motor vehicles and for
information to be contained on such titles. Such titling standards,
control procedures, methods, and information shall include the
following:
``(1) A State shall indicate on the face of the title or
certificate for a passenger motor vehicle, as applicable, if
the passenger motor vehicle is a salvage vehicle, a
nonrepairable vehicle, a rebuilt salvage vehicle, or a flood
vehicle.
``(2) Such information concerning a passenger motor
vehicle's status shall be conveyed on any subsequent title,
including a duplicate or replacement title, for the passenger
motor vehicle issued by the original titling State or any other
State.
``(3) The title documents, the certificates and, decals
required by section 33301(4), and the issuing system shall meet
security standards minimizing the opportunities for fraud.
``(4) The certificate of title shall include the passenger
motor vehicle make, model, body type, year, odometer
disclosure, and vehicle identification number.
``(5) The title documents shall maintain a uniform layout,
to be established in consultation with the State or an
organization representing them.
``(6) A passenger motor vehicle designated as nonrepairable
shall be issued a nonrepairable vehicle certificate and shall
not be retitled.
``(7) No rebuilt salvage title shall be issued to a salvage
vehicle unless, after the salvage vehicle is repaired or
rebuilt, it complies with the requirements for a rebuilt
salvage vehicle pursuant to section 33301(4). Any State
inspection program designed to comply with this paragraph shall
be subject to continuing review by and approval of the
Secretary. Such inspection program shall include the following:
``(A) A passenger motor vehicle owner submitting a
vehicle for an anti-theft inspection shall be required
to provide a completed document identifying the
vehicle's damage prior to being repaired, a list of
replacement parts used to repair the vehicle, and proof
of ownership of such replacement parts, as may be evidenced by bills of
sale, invoices or, if such documents are not available, other proof of
ownership for the replacement parts. The owner must also include an
affirmation that the information in the declaration is complete and
accurate and, to the knowledge of the declarant, no stolen parts were
used during the rebuilding.
``(B) Any passenger motor vehicle or any major part
or major replacement part required to be marked under
section 33102 having a mark or vehicle identification
number that has been illegally altered, defaced, or
falsified, and that cannot be identified as having been
legally obtained (through bills of sale, invoices, or
other ownership documentation), shall be contraband and
subject to seizure. To avoid confiscation of parts
which have been legally rebuilt or remanufactured, the
Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the
Attorney General, shall, as part of the rule required
by this section, establish procedures for dealing with
those parts whose mark or vehicle identification number
is normally removed during industry accepted
remanufacturing or rebuilding practices, which parts
shall be deemed identified for purposes of this section
if they bear a conspicuous mark of a type, and applied
in such a manner, as designated by the Secretary
indicating that they have been rebuilt or
remanufactured. With respect to any vehicle part, the
Secretary's rule, as required by this section, shall
acknowledge that a mark or vehicle identification
number on such part may be legally removed or altered
as provided for in section 511 of title 18, United
States Code, and shall direct inspectors to adopt such
procedures as may be necessary to prevent the seizure
of a part from which the mark or vehicle identification
number has been legally removed or altered.
``(C) The Secretary shall establish nationally
uniform safety inspection criteria to be used in those
States requiring such a safety inspection. A State may
determine whether to conduct such safety inspection
itself, contract with a third party, or permit self-
inspection, all subject to criteria promulgated by the
Secretary hereunder. A State requiring such safety
inspection may require the payment of a fee for the
privilege of such inspection or the processing thereof.
``(8) No duplicate or replacement title shall be issued
unless the word `duplicate' is clearly marked on the face
thereof and unless the procedures for such issuance are
substantially consistent with Recommendation three (3) of the
Motor Vehicle Titling, Registration and Salvage Advisory
Committee.
``(9) A State shall employ the following titling and
control methods:
``(A) If an insurance company is not involved in a
damage settlement involving a salvage vehicle or a
nonrepairable vehicle, the passenger motor vehicle
owner must apply for a salvage title or nonrepairable
vehicle certificate, whichever is applicable, before
the passenger motor vehicle is repaired or the
ownership of the passenger motor vehicle is
transferred, but in any event within 30 days after the
passenger motor vehicle is damaged.
``(B) If an insurance company, pursuant to a damage
settlement, acquires ownership of a passenger motor
vehicle that has incurred damage requiring the vehicle
to be titled as a salvage vehicle or nonrepairable
vehicle, the insurance company must apply for a salvage
title or nonrepairable vehicle certificate within 15
days after the title is properly assigned by the owner
to the insurance company and delivered to the insurance
company with all liens released.
``(C) If an insurance company does not assume
ownership of an insured's or claimant's passenger motor
vehicle that has incurred damage requiring the vehicle
to be titled as a salvage vehicle or nonrepairable
vehicle, the insurance company shall, as required by
the applicable State, either (i) notify the owner of
the owner's obligation to apply for a salvage title or
nonrepairable vehicle certificate for the passenger
motor vehicle and notify the State passenger motor
vehicle titling office that a salvage title or
nonrepairable vehicle certificate should be issued for
the vehicle, or (ii) withhold payment of the claim
until the owner applies for a salvage title or
nonrepairable vehicle certificate.
``(D) If a leased passenger motor vehicle incurs
damage requiring the vehicle to be titled as a salvage
vehicle or nonrepairable vehicle, the lessor must apply
for a salvage title or nonrepairable vehicle
certificate within 21 days after being notified by the
lessee that the vehicle has been so damaged, except
when an insurance company, pursuant to a damage
settlement, acquires ownership of the vehicle. The
lessee of such vehicle shall inform the lessor that the
leased vehicle has been so damaged within 30 days after
the occurrence of the damage.
``(E) Any person acquiring ownership of a damaged
passenger motor vehicle that meets the definition of a
salvage or nonrepairable vehicle for which a salvage
title or nonrepairable vehicle certificate has not been
issued, must apply for a salvage title or nonrepairable
vehicle certificate, whichever is applicable. This
application must be made before the vehicle is further
transferred, but in any event, within 30 days after
ownership is acquired. The requirements of this
subparagraph shall not apply to any scrap metal
processor which acquires a passenger motor vehicle for
the sole purpose of processing it into prepared grades
of scrap and which so processes such vehicle.
``(F) State records shall note when a nonrepairable
vehicle certificate is issued. No State shall issue a
nonrepairable vehicle certificate after 2 transfers of ownership.
``(G) When a passenger motor vehicle has been
flattened, baled, or shredded, whichever comes first,
the title or nonrepairable vehicle certificate for the
vehicle shall be surrendered to the State within 30
days. If the second transferee on a nonrepairable
vehicle certificate is unequipped to flatten, bale, or
shred the vehicle, such transferee must, at the time of
final disposal of the vehicle, use the services of a
professional automotive recycler or professional scrap
processor who is hereby authorized to flatten, bale, or
shred the vehicle and to effect the surrender of the
nonrepairable vehicle certificate to the State on
behalf of such second transferee. State records shall
be updated to indicate the destruction of such vehicle
and no further ownership transactions for the vehicle
will be permitted. If different than the State of
origin of the title or nonrepairable vehicle
certificate, the State of surrender shall notify the
State of origin of the surrender of the title or
nonrepairable vehicle certificate and of the
destruction of such vehicle.
``(H) When a salvage title is issued, the State
records shall so note. No State shall permit the
retitling for registration purposes or issuance of a
rebuilt salvage title for a passenger motor vehicle
with a salvage title without a certificate of
inspection, which complies with the security and
guideline standards established by the Secretary
pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (7), as applicable,
indicating that the vehicle has passed the inspections
required by the State. This subparagraph does not
preclude the issuance of a new salvage title for a
salvage vehicle after a transfer of ownership.
``(I) After a passenger motor vehicle titled with a
salvage title has passed the inspections required by
the State, the inspection official will affix the
secure decal required pursuant to section 33301(4) to
the driver's door jamb of the vehicle and issue to the
owner of the vehicle a certificate indicating that the
passenger motor vehicle has passed the inspections
required by the State. The decal must comply with the
permanency requirements established by the Secretary.
``(J) The owner of a passenger motor vehicle titled
with a salvage title may obtain a rebuilt salvage title
and vehicle registration by presenting to the State the
salvage title, properly assigned, if applicable, along
with the certificate that the vehicle has passed the
inspections required by the State. With such proper
documentation and upon request, a rebuilt salvage title
and registration shall be issued to the owner. When a
rebuilt salvage title is issued, the State records
shall so note.
``(10) A seller of a passenger motor vehicle that becomes a
flood vehicle shall, at or prior to the time of transfer of
ownership, give the buyer a written notice that the vehicle is
a flood vehicle. At the time of the next title application for
the vehicle, disclosure of the flood status shall be provided
to the applicable State with the properly assigned title and
the word ``Flood'' shall be conspicuously labeled across the
front of the new title.
``(11) In the case of a leased passenger motor vehicle, the
lessee, within 15 days of the occurrence of the event that
caused the vehicle to become a flood vehicle, shall give the
lessor written disclosure that the vehicle is a flood vehicle.
``(c) Electronic Procedures.--A State may employ electronic
procedures in lieu of paper documents whenever such electronic
procedures provide the same information, function, and security
otherwise required by this section.
``Sec. 33303. Funding
``(a) In General.--Funds otherwise made available to the States for
the promotion of highway safety may be used to defray the direct costs
of establishing new procedures for compliance with section 33302.
``(b) Report.--The Secretary shall, contemporaneously with the
issuance of a final rule pursuant to section 33302(b), report to the
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives
whether the costs to the States of compliance with such rule can be met
by user fees for issuance of titles, issuance of registrations,
issuance of duplicate titles, inspection of rebuilt vehicles, or for
the State services, or by earmarking any moneys collected through law
enforcement action to enforce requirements established by such rule. If
such costs cannot be so met, user fees should be mandated at the
Federal level but retained by the States to cover the direct costs to
comply with such rule.
``Sec. 33304. Petitions for extensions of time
``The Secretary may grant a State, for good cause shown, an
extension of time to comply with the requirements established in
section 33302(a). No such extension shall remain in effect on or after
the compliance date established pursuant to section 33302(b).
``Sec. 33305. Effect on state law
``(a) In General.--Effective on the date the rule promulgated
pursuant to section 33302 becomes effective, the provisions of this
chapter shall preempt all State laws, to the extent they are
inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter or the rule
promulgated pursuant to section 33302, which--
``(1) set forth the form of the passenger motor vehicle
title;
``(2) define, in connection with a passenger motor vehicle
(but not in connection with a passenger motor vehicle part or
part assembly separate from a passenger motor vehicle), any
term defined in section 33301 or the terms `salvage', `junk',
`reconstructed', `nonrepairable', `unrebuildable', `scrap',
`parts only', `rebuilt', `flood', or any other symbol or word
of like kind, or apply any of those terms to any passenger
motor vehicle (but not to a passenger motor vehicle part or
part assembly separate from a passenger motor vehicle); and
``(3) set forth titling, recordkeeping, anti-theft
inspection, or control procedures in connection with any
salvage vehicle, rebuilt salvage vehicle, nonrepairable
vehicle, or flood vehicle defined in section 33301.
``(b) Construction.--Additional disclosures of a passenger motor
vehicle's title status or history, in addition to the terms defined in
section 33301, shall not be deemed inconsistent with the provisions of
this title. When used in connection with a passenger motor vehicle (but
not in connection with a passenger motor vehicle part or part assembly
separate from a passenger motor vehicle), any definition of a term
defined in section 33301 which is different than the definition in that
section or any use of any term listed in subsection (a), but not
defined in section 33301, shall be deemed inconsistent with the
provisions of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall preclude a
State from disclosing on a rebuilt salvage title that a rebuilt salvage
vehicle has passed a State safety inspection which differed from the
nationally uniform criteria to be promulgated pursuant to section
33302(b)(7).
``Sec. 33306. Civil and criminal penalties
``(a) Prohibited Acts.--It shall be unlawful for any person
knowingly and willfully to--
``(1) make or cause to be made any false statement on an
application for a title (or duplicate title) for a passenger
motor vehicle;
``(2) fail to apply for a salvage title when such an
application is required;
``(3) alter, forge, or counterfeit a certificate of title
(or an assignment thereof), a nonrepairable vehicle
certificate, a certificate verifying an anti-theft inspection
or an anti-theft and safety inspection, or a decal affixed to a
passenger motor vehicle pursuant to section 33302(b)(9)(I);
``(4) falsify the results of, or provide false information
in the course of, an inspection conducted pursuant to section
33302(b)(7);
``(5) offer to sell any salvage vehicle or nonrepairable
vehicle as a rebuilt salvage vehicle; or
``(6) conspire to commit any of the acts enumerated in
paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5).
``(b) Civil Penalty.--Any person who commits an unlawful act as
provided in subsection (a) of this section shall be fined a civil
penalty of up to $2,000 per offense.
``(c) Criminal Penalty.--Any person who commits an unlawful act as
provided in subsection (a) of this section shall be fined up to $50,000
or sentenced up to 3 years imprisonment or both, per offense.''.
SEC. 4. DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED TO EXPORT CERTAIN VEHICLES.
Section 627(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1627a(b)) is
amended to read as follows:
``(b)(1) Customs officers shall not allow the export of a self-
propelled vehicle from the United States by transport, unless the
exporter presents proof of ownership to a Customs officer. Proof of
ownership shall be limited to an unencumbered title or nonrepairable
vehicle certificate issued by a governmental jurisdiction or to a
manufacturer's statement of origin. If the self-propelled vehicle title
is encumbered, the exporter must also present written permission from
the lienholder to export the self-propelled vehicle. Customs officers
shall not allow export of any self-propelled vehicle prior to verifying
that the self-propelled vehicle has not been reported stolen. Customs
officers will provide the vehicle identification number for all self-
propelled vehicles that are exported to the National Crime Information
Center and the National Automobile Title Information System.
``(2) Failure of a person attempting to export a self-propelled
vehicle to comply with this subsection shall subject such person to a
civil penalty of not more than $500 for each violation.''.
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HR 2900 IH1S----2