[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2052 Introduced in House (IH)]
104th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 2052
To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to establish and strengthen
policies and programs for the early stabilization of world population
through the global expansion of reproductive choice, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
July 18, 1995
Mr. Beilenson (for himself and Mrs. Morella) introduced the following
bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to establish and strengthen
policies and programs for the early stabilization of world population
through the global expansion of reproductive choice, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``International Population
Stabilization and Reproductive Health Act''.
SEC. 2. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO UNITED STATES POPULATION ASSISTANCE.
Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended--
(1) in section 104(b), by striking ``on such terms and
conditions as he may determine'' and inserting ``in accordance
with the provisions of chapter 12''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new chapter:
``CHAPTER 12--UNITED STATES POPULATION ASSISTANCE
``Sec. 499. Definition.--For purposes of this chapter, the term
`United States population assistance' means assistance provided under
section 104(b) of this Act.
``Sec. 499A. Congressional Findings.--The Congress makes the
following findings:
``(1) Throughout much of the developing world, the
inability of women and couples to exercise choice over
childbearing undermines the role of women in economic
development, contributes to death and suffering among women and
their children, puts pressure on the environment and the
natural resources on which many poor families depend for their
survival, and in other ways vitiates the efforts of families to
lift themselves out of the poverty in which more than one
billion of the world's 5.6 billion people live.
``(2) Through 2015, the world's population will continue to
grow, with annual population increments predicted to be above
86 million. This will lead to a tripling of the world's
population before stabilization can occur.
``(3) As the population within individual countries grows,
cities grow rapidly, movement in and between countries
increases, and regional distributions of population become
unbalanced.
``(4) After more than a quarter century of experience and
research, a global consensus is emerging on the need for
increased international cooperation in regard to population in
the context of sustainable development.
``(5) To act effectively on this consensus, the ability to
exercise reproductive choice should be expanded through broader
dissemination of fertility regulation services that involve
women, couples, and the community and which are competent in
meeting individual, family, and community needs and values.
``(6) Although a number of barriers to family planning
remain, in many countries a large and growing unmet desire
exists for fertility regulation
among women and men who are too poor to pay the full cost of
services or for whom services are otherwise inaccessible. Worldwide,
estimates are that more than 350 million couples want to space or
prevent another pregnancy, but lack access to family planning methods.
``(7) Millions of women, most of them mothers, are killed
or injured each year as a result of unsafe abortions. The
availability of safe and effective fertility regulation methods
and services and increased access to quality reproductive
health care can help prevent many of these tragedies.
``(8) In addition to the personal toll on families, the
impact of human population growth and widespread poverty is
evident in mounting signs of stress on the world's environment,
particularly in tropical deforestation, erosion of arable land
and watersheds, extinction of plant and animal species, global
climate change, waste management, and air and water pollution.
``(9) Traditionally, United States population assistance
has not focused on achieving specific goals with respect to
international population stabilization or the expansion of
reproductive choice. The absence of clear goals in those areas
has led to a lack of criteria for allocating funds and
evaluating program success.
``Sec. 499B. Declaration of Policy. (a) In General.--Congress
declares that to reduce population growth and stabilize world
population at the lowest level feasible and thereby improve the health
and well-being of the world's families, to ensure the role of women in
the development process, and to protect the global environment, an
important objective of the foreign policy of the United States shall be
to assist the international community to achieve universal availability
of quality fertility regulation services through a wide choice of safe
and effective means of family planning, including programs of public
education and other health and development efforts in support of
smaller families.
``(b) Financial Targets.--The Congress endorses a target for global
expenditures in developing countries of at least $17,000,000,000 by the
year 2000 for population programs described in section 499C, and
establishes a goal for United States population assistance by the year
2000 of $1,850,000,000 in constant 1993 dollars.
``Sec. 499C. Authorized Activities.--United States population
assistance is authorized to provide--
``(1) support for the expansion of quality, affordable,
voluntary family planning services, which emphasize informed
choice among a variety of safe and effective fertility
regulation methods and closely related reproductive health care
services, including the prevention and control of HIV-AIDS,
sexually transmitted diseases, and reproductive tract
infections;
``(2) support for adequate and regular supplies of quality
contraceptives, quality family planning counseling,
information, education, communication, and services emphasizing
the use of the mass media to improve public knowledge of
fertility regulation and related disease prevention methods and
where they may be obtained and to promote the benefits of
family planning and reproductive health to individuals,
families, and communities;
``(3) support to United States and foreign research
institutions and other appropriate entities for biomedical
research to develop and evaluate improved methods of safe
fertility regulation and related disease control, with
particular emphasis on methods which--
``(A) are likely to be safer, easier to use, easier
to make available in developing country settings, and
less expensive than current methods;
``(B) are controlled by women, including barrier
methods and vaginal microbicides;
``(C) are likely to prevent the spread of sexually
transmitted diseases; and
``(D) encourage and allow men to take greater
responsibility for their own fertility;
``(4) support for field research on the characteristics of
programs most likely to result in sustained use of effective
family planning in meeting each individual's lifetime
reproductive goals, with particular emphasis on the
perspectives of family planning users, including support for
relevant social and behavioral research focusing on such
factors as the use, nonuse, and unsafe or ineffective use of
various fertility regulation and related-disease control
methods;
``(5) support for the development of new evaluation
techniques and performance criteria for family planning
programs, emphasizing the family planning user's perspective
and reproductive goals;
``(6) support for research and research dissemination
related to population policy development, including demographic
and health surveys to assess population trends, measure unmet
needs, and evaluate program impact, and support for policy-
relevant research on the relationships between population
trends, poverty, and environmental management, including
implications for sustainable agriculture, agroforestry,
biodiversity, water resources, energy use, and local and global
climate change;
``(7) support for prevention of unsafe abortions and
management of complications of unsafe abortions, including
research and public information dissemination on the health and
welfare consequences;
``(8) support for special programs to reach adolescents and
young adults before they begin childbearing, including health
education programs which stress responsible parenthood and the
health risks of unprotected sexual intercourse, as well as
service programs designed to meet the information and
contraception needs of adolescents;
``(9) support for a broad array of governmental and
nongovernmental communication strategies designed--
``(A) to create public awareness worldwide;
``(B) to generate a consensus on the need to
address reproductive health issues and the problems
associated with continued world population growth;
``(C) to emphasize the need to educate men as well
as women and mobilize their support for reproductive
rights and responsibilities; and
``(D) to remove all major remaining barriers to
family planning use, including unnecessary legal,
medical, clinical, and regulatory barriers to
information and methods, and to make family planning an
established community norm;
``(10) support for programs and strategies that actively
discourage harmful practices such as female genital mutilation;
and
``(11) support for prenatal, safe delivery programs and
postnatal care programs that include breastfeeding as a child
survival strategy and means for enhancing birth spacing.
``Sec. 499D. Terms and Conditions.--United States population
assistance is authorized to be provided subject to the following
conditions:
``(1) Such assistance may only support, directly or through
referral, those activities which provide a broad range of
fertility regulation methods permitted by individual country
policy and a broad choice of public and private family planning
services, including networks for community-based and subsidized
commercial distribution of high quality contraceptives.
``(2) No program supported by United States population
assistance may deny an individual family planning services
because of such individual's inability to pay all or part of
the cost of such services.
``(3) In each recipient country, programs supported by
United States population assistance shall, to the extent
possible, support an integrated approach, consistent with
respect for the rights of women as decisionmakers in matters of
reproduction and sexuality, for the provision of public and
private reproductive health services.
``(4) Family planning services and related reproductive
health care services supported by United States population
assistance shall ensure--
(A) privacy and confidentiality and maintain the
highest medical standards possible under local
conditions; and
(B) regular oversight of the quality of medical
care and other services offered, including followup
care such as care for the side effects of contraceptive
use.
``(5) United States population assistance programs shall
furnish only those contraceptive drugs and devices which have
received approval for marketing in the United States by the
Food and Drug Administration or which have been tested and
determined to be safe and effective under research protocols
comparable to those required by the Food and Drug
Administration or have been determined to be safe by an
appropriate international organization or the relevant health
authority in the country to which they are provided.
``(6) Family planning services supported by United States
population assistance shall be designed to take into account
the needs of the family planning user, including the
constraints on women's time, by involving members of the
community, including both men and women, in the design,
management, and ongoing evaluation of the services through
appropriate training and recruitment efforts. The design of
services shall stress easy accessibility, by locating services
as close as possible to potential users, by keeping hours of
service convenient, and by improving communications between
users and providers through community outreach and involvement.
Related services shall be included, either on site or through
referral.
``(7) United States population assistance to adolescent
fertility programs shall be provided in the context of
prevailing norms and customs in the recipient country.
``(8)(A) Programs supported by United States population
assistance shall--
``(i) support the prevention of the spread of HIV-
AIDS infection;
``(ii) raise awareness regarding HIV-AIDS
prevention and consequences; and
``(iii) provide quality counselling, medical care
and support services to HIV-AIDS infected individuals
in a manner which respects individual rights and
confidentiality.
``(B) Responsible sexual behavior, including voluntary
abstinence, for the prevention of HIV infection should be
promoted and included in education and information programs.
``(9) None of the funds made available by the United States
Government to foreign governments, international organizations,
or nongovernmental organizations may be used to coerce any
person to undergo contraceptive sterilization or involuntary
abortion or to accept any other method of fertility regulation.
``Sec. 499E. Eligibility for Population Assistance. (a) Eligible
Countries.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, United States
population assistance shall be available, directly or through
intermediary organizations, to any country which the President
determines has met one or more of the following criteria:
``(1) The country accounts for a significant proportion of
the world's annual population increment.
``(2) The country has significant unmet needs for fertility
regulation and requires foreign assistance to implement,
expand, or sustain quality family planning services for all its
people.
``(3) The country demonstrates a strong policy commitment
to population stabilization through the expansion of
reproductive choice.
``(b) Eligibility of Nongovernmental and Multilateral
Organizations.--In determining eligibility for United States population
assistance, the President shall not subject nongovernmental and
multilateral organizations to requirements which are more restrictive
than requirements applicable to foreign governments for such
assistance.
``Sec. 499F. Participation in Multilateral Organizations. (a)
Finding.--The Congress recognizes that the recent attention, in
government policies toward population stabilization owes much to the
efforts of the United Nations and its specialized agencies and
organizations, particularly the United Nations Population Fund.
``(b) Availability of Funds.--United States population assistance
shall be available for contributions to the United Nations Population
Fund in such amounts as the President determines would be commensurate
with United States contributions to other multilateral organizations
and with the contributions of other donor countries.
``(c) Prohibitions.--(1) The prohibitions contained in section
104(f) of this Act shall apply to the funds made available for the
United Nations Population Fund.
``(2) No United States population assistance may be available to
the United Nations Population Fund unless such assistance is held in a
separate account and not commingled with any other funds.
``(3) No funds may be available for the United Nations Population
Fund unless the Fund agrees to prohibit the use of those funds to carry
out any program, project, or activity that involves the use of coerced
abortion or involuntary sterilization.
``(d) Allocation of Funds.--Of the funds made available for United
States population assistance, the President shall make available for
the Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in
Human Reproduction for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 an amount
commensurate with the contributions of the other donor countries for
the purpose of furthering international cooperation in the development
and evaluation of fertility regulation technology.
``Sec. 499G. Support for Nongovernmental Organizations. (a)
Finding.--Congress finds that in many developing countries,
nongovernmental entities, including private and voluntary organizations
and private sector entities, such as the International Planned
Parenthood Federation and the Planned Parenthood Federation of America,
are the most appropriate and effective providers of United States
assistance to population and family planning activities.
``(b) Procedures.--The President shall establish simplified
procedures for the development and approval of programs to be carried
out by nongovernmental organizations that have demonstrated--
``(1) a capacity to undertake effective population and
family planning activities which encourage significant
involvement by private health practitioners, employer-based
health services, unions, and cooperative health organizations;
and
``(2) a commitment to quality reproductive health care for
women.
``(c) Priority for Nongovernmental Organizations.--The largest
share of United States population assistance made available for any
fiscal year shall be made available through United States and foreign
nongovernmental organizations.
``Sec. 499H. Reports to Congress.--The President shall prepare and
submit to the Congress, as part of the annual presentation materials on
foreign assistance, a report on world progress toward population
stabilization and universal reproductive choice. The report shall
include--
``(1) estimates of expenditures on the population
activities described in section 499C by national governments,
donor agencies, and private sector entities;
``(2) an assessment by country, of the availability and use
of all methods of fertility regulation and abortion, whether
lawful or unlawful in that country;
``(3) an analysis by country and region of the impact of
population trends on a set of key social, economic, political,
and environment indicators, which shall be identified by the
President in the first report submitted pursuant to this
section and analyzed in that report and each subsequent report;
and
``(4) a detailed statement of prior year and proposed
direct and indirect allocations of population assistance, by
country, which describes how each country allocation meets the
criteria set forth in this section.''.
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Section 104(g)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
2151b(g)(1) is amended by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
``(A) $635,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $695,000,000
for fiscal year 1997 to carry out subsection (b) of this
section; and''.
SEC. 4. OVERSIGHT OF MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS.
(a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
(1) multilateral development banks have an important role
to play in global population efforts;
(2) although the increased commitment by multilateral
development banks to population-related activities is
encouraging, together the banks provided less than $200,000,000
in 1994 in assistance for core population programs, and their
overall lending for population, health, and nutrition decreased
by more than one-half between 1993 and 1994; and
(3) the banks themselves have recognized a need to improve
oversight of programs, strengthen the technical skills of their
personnel, and improve their capacity to work with borrowers,
other donors, and nongovernmental organizations in formulating
creative population projects to meet diverse borrower needs.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that the
multilateral development banks should increase their annual support for
the population activities described in section 499C of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as added by this Act, to not less than a total
of $1,000,000,000 by December 31, 2000.
(c) Report Required.--Not later than July 31 of each year, the
Secretary of the Treasury shall prepare and transmit to Congress a
report which includes, with respect to the preceding calendar year--
(1) information on the resources made available by each
multilateral development bank for the population activities
described in section 499C of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961, as added by this Act;
(2) if such resources total less than $1,000,000,000, any
specific actions taken by the United States executive directors
to the banks to encourage increases in such resources and in
policy-level discussions with donor and developing country
governments; and
(3) an analysis of the progress made by the banks towards--
(A) meeting the objectives of the population
activities which are supported by the banks;
(B) increasing their in-country management staff;
(C) improving the technical skills of their
personnel; and
(D) assuring their responsiveness to borrower
needs.
(d) Definition.--As used in this section, the term ``multilateral
development banks'' means the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, the International Development Association, the African
Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American
Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development.
SEC. 5. REPORT ON WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN.
(a) Report.--Not later than August 1, 1995, the Secretary shall
submit to the Congress a public report on preparations for United
States participation in the 1995 World Conference on Women, including
information on public hearings and conferences to be held in relation
to the Conference. The report, which should be made available for
consideration at the 1995 World Conference on Women, shall specify,
among other things--
(1) modifications in policy and financial commitments
required by United States and foreign governments to achieve
universal reproductive choice and early population
stabilization;
(2) information on the burden of poverty on women,
including international statistics on women in poverty and
female-headed households;
(3) current data on gender inequality in access to
education and health care services;
(4) information on violence against women, including
current data on causes and incidence, new methods for
addressing violence against women, and proposals for preventing
and eradicating violence against women;
(5) information on women's access to and participation in
the development of economic structures and policies and in
local and national economies in general, including current data
on occupational segregation, wage inequality, and access to
credit and technology; and
(6) current comparative data on men and women in political
positions, legislative bodies, and decisionmaking positions at
all levels, and information on the structural and attitudinal
barriers women face in these areas.
SEC. 6. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES TO STABILIZE WORLD
POPULATION.
(a) Congressional Findings.--The Congress makes the following
findings:
(1) Women represent 50 percent of the world's human
resource potential. Therefore, improving the health, social,
and economic status of women and increasing their productivity
are essential for economic progress in all countries. Improving
the status of women also enhances their decisionmaking capacity
at all levels in all spheres of life, including in the area of
reproductive health.
(2) Throughout the world, women who participate in the
social, economic, and political affairs of their communities
are more likely to exercise their choice about childbearing
than women who do not participate in such activities.
(3) Effective economic development strategies address
issues such as infant and child survival rates, educational
opportunities for girls and women, and gender equality in
development.
(4) Comprehensive population stabilization efforts which
include both family planning services and economic development
activities achieve lower birth rates and stimulate more
development than those which pursue these objectives
independently.
(5) The most powerful, long-term influence on birthrates is
education, especially educational attainment among women.
Education is one of the most important means of empowering
women with the knowledge, skills and self confidence necessary
to participate in their communities.
(6) In most societies, men traditionally have exercised
preponderant power in nearly all spheres of life. Therefore,
improving communication between men and women on reproductive
health issues and increasing their understanding of joint
responsibilities are essential to ensuring that men and women
are equal partners in public and private life.
(7) In addition to enabling women to participate in the
development of their societies, educational attainment has a
strong influence on all other aspects of family welfare,
including child survival. However, of the world's 130 million
children who are not enrolled in primary school, 70 percent are
girls.
(8) In a number of countries, lower rates of school
enrollment among girls, the practice of prenatal sex selection,
and higher rates of mortality among very young girls suggest
that ``son preference'' is curtailing the access of girl
children to food, health care, and education.
(9) Each year, nearly 15 million children under the age of
5 die, most from preventable causes. Wider availability of
vaccines, simple treatments for diarrheal disease and
respiratory infections, and improved nutrition could prevent
many of these deaths.
(10) Each year, 500,000 or more women worldwide die from
complications related to pregnancy, childbirth, illegal
abortion, or inadequate or inaccessible reproductive health
care services. Another 10 million women annually suffer long-
term illness or permanent physical impairment from such causes.
(11) Malnutrition and anemia are widespread among poor
women in their childbearing years, yet the worldwide campaign
to encourage breastfeeding has devoted little attention to the
nutritional needs of nursing mothers.
(12) By mid-1993, the cumulative number of AIDS cases since
the pandemic began was estimated at 2.5 million, and an
estimated 14 million people had been infected with HIV. By year
2000, estimates are that 40 million people will be HIV
infected.
(13) As of mid-1993, four-fifths of all persons ever
infected with HIV lived in developing countries. Women are the
fastest growing group of new cases.
(b) Declaration of Policy.--Congress declares that, to further the
United States foreign policy objective of assisting the international
community in achieving universal availability of quality fertility
regulation services and stabilizing world population, additional
objectives of the foreign policy of the United States shall be--
(1) to help achieve universal access to basic education for
women and men, with particular priority being given to primary
and technical education and job training;
(2) to increase understanding of the consequences of
population growth through effective education strategies that
begin in primary school and continue through all levels of
formal and nonformal education and which take into account
the rights and responsibilities of parents and the needs of
children and adolescents;
(3) to reduce the gap between male and female levels of
literacy and between male and female levels of primary and
secondary school enrollment;
(4) to help ensure that women worldwide have the
opportunity to become equal partners with men in the
development of their societies;
(5) to help eliminate all forms of discrimination against
girl children and the root causes of son preference, which
result in harmful and unethical practice such as female
infanticide and prenatal sex selection;
(6) to increase public awareness of the value of girl
children through public education that promotes equal treatment
of girls and boys in health, nutrition, education,
socioeconomic and political activity, and equitable inheritance
rights;
(7) to promote gender equality in all spheres of life,
including family and community life, and to encourage and
enable men to take responsibility for their sexual and
reproductive behavior and their social and family roles;
(8) to help ensure that women and men have the information
and means needed to achieve good reproductive health and to
exercise their reproductive rights through responsible sexual
behavior and equity in gender relations;
(9) to reduce global maternal and infant mortality rates;
and
(10) to improve worldwide maternal and child health status
and quality of life.
(c) Authorized Activities.--United States development assistance
shall be available, on a priority basis, for--
(1) countries which either have adopted and implemented, or
have agreed to adopt and implement, strategies to help ensure--
(A) before 2015, the achievement of the goal of
universal primary education for girls and boys in all
countries and access to secondary and higher levels of
education, including vocational education and technical
training, for girls and women;
(B) by 2005, the reduction of adult illiteracy by
at least one-half the country's 1990 level;
(C) by 2005, the elimination of the gap between
male and female levels of literacy and between male and
female levels of primary and secondary school
enrollment; and
(D) the establishment of programs designed to meet
adolescent health needs, which include services and
information on responsible sexual behavior, family
planning practice, reproductive health and sexually
transmitted diseases, and HIV-AIDS prevention;
(2) governmental and nongovernmental programs which, with
respect to a targeted country, are intended--
(A) by 2005, to increase life expectancy at birth
to greater than 70 years of age and by 2015, to 75
years of age;
(B) by 2005, to reduce by one-third the country's
mortality rates for infants and children under 5 years
of age, or to 50 per 1,000 live births for infants and
70 per 1,000 for children under 5 years of age,
whichever is less; and by 2015, to reduce the country's
infant mortality rate below 35 per 1,000 births and the
under-5 mortality rate below 45 per 1,000;
(C) by 2005, to reduce maternal mortality by one-
half of the 1990 level and by a further one-half by
2015;
(D) by 2005, to reduce significantly malnutrition
among the country's children under 5 years of age;
(E) to maintain immunizations against childhood
diseases for significant segments of the country's
children; and
(F) to reduce the number of childhood deaths in the
country which result from diarrheal disease and acute
respiratory infections;
(3) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are
intended to increase women's productivity and ensure equal
participation and equitable representation at all levels of the
political process and public life in each community and society
through--
(A) improved access to appropriate labor-saving
technology, vocational training, and extension services
and access to credit and child care;
(B) equal participation of women and men in all
areas of family and household responsibilities,
including family planning, financial support, child
rearing, children's education, and maternal and child
health and nutrition;
(C) fulfillment of the potential of women through
education, skill development and employment, with the
elimination of poverty, illiteracy and poor health
among women being of paramount importance; and
(D) recognition and promotion of the equal value of
children of both sexes;
(4) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are
intended to increase the access of girls and women to
comprehensive reproductive health care services pursuant to
subsection (d); and
(5) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are
intended to eliminate all forms of exploitation, abuse,
harassment, and violence against women, adolescents, and
children.
(d) Safe Motherhood Initiative.--(1)(A) The President is authorized
to establish a grant program, to be known as the Safe Motherhood
Initiative, to help improve the access of girls and women worldwide to
comprehensive reproductive health care services.
(B) Such program shall be carried out in accordance with this
section and shall be subject to the same terms, conditions,
prohibitions, and restrictions as are applicable to assistance made
available under sections 499D, 499E, and 499F of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961, as added by this Act.
(2) Comprehensive reproductive health care programs which are
eligible for assistance under this section include--
(A) fertility regulation services;
(B) prenatal care and screening for high risk pregnancies
and improved access to safe delivery services for women with
high risk pregnancies;
(C) supplemental food programs for pregnant and nursing
women;
(D) child survival and other programs that promote birth
spacing through breastfeeding;
(E) expanded and coordinated programs that support
responsible sexual behavior, including voluntary abstinence,
and which prevent, detect, and treat sexually transmitted
diseases, including HIV-AIDS, reproductive tract infections,
and other chronic reproductive health problems;
(F) programs intended to eliminate traditional practices
injurious to women's health, including female genital
mutilation;
(G) improvements in the practice of midwifery, including
outreach to traditional birth attendants; and
(H) expanded and coordinated programs to prevent, detect,
and treat cancers of the reproductive system.
(e) Reports to Congress.--(1) Not later than December 31, 1995, the
President shall prepare and submit to Congress a report which
includes--
(A) estimates of the total financial resources needed to
achieve, by the year 2005, the specific objectives set forth in
subsection (c) with respect to education, rates of illiteracy,
malnutrition, immunization, maternal and child mortality and
morbidity, and improvements in the economic productivity of
women;
(B) an analysis of such estimates which separately lists
the total financial resources needed from the United States,
other donor nations, and nongovernmental organizations;
(C) an analysis, by country, which--
(i) identifies the legal, social, economic, and
cultural barriers to women's self-determination and to
improvements in the economic productivity of women in
traditional and modern labor sectors; and
(ii) describes initiatives needed to develop
appropriate technologies for use by women, credit
programs for low-income women, expanded child care,
vocational training, and extension services for women;
and
(D) a comprehensive description of--
(i) new and expanded initiatives to ensure safe
motherhood worldwide;
(ii) findings on the major causes of mortality and
morbidity among women of childbearing age in various
regions of the world;
(iii) actions needed to reduce, by the year 2005,
world maternal mortality by one-half of the worldwide
1990 level and a further one-half by 2015; and
(iv) the financial resources needed to meet this
goal from the United States, other donor nations, and
nongovernmental organizations.
(2) In each annual country human rights report, the Secretary of
State shall include--
(A) information on any patterns within the country of
discrimination against women in inheritance laws, property
rights, family law, access to credit and technology, hiring
practices, formal education, and vocational training; and
(B) an assessment which makes reference to all significant
forms of violence against women, including rape, domestic
violence, and female genital mutilation, the extent of
involuntary marriage and childbearing, and the prevalence of
marriage among women under 18 years of age.
(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--(1) Of the aggregate amounts
available for United States development and economic assistance
programs for education activities, $165,000,000 for fiscal year 1996
and $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 shall be available only for
programs in support of increasing primary and secondary school
enrollment and equalizing levels of male and female enrollment.
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated $330,000,000 for fiscal
year 1996 and $380,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 to the Child Survival
Fund under section 104(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
which amounts shall be available for child survival activities only,
including the Children's Vaccine Initiative, the worldwide immunization
effort, and oral rehydration programs.
(3) There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for the
Safe Motherhood Initiative for each of fiscal years 1995 and 1996.
(g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
(1) the term ``annual country human rights report'' refers
to the report required to be submitted
pursuant to section 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(b)); and
(2) the term ``United States development and economic
assistance'' means assistance made available under chapter 1 of
part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961.
SEC. 7. AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL FUND.
(a) In General.--Section 104(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
``(4)(A)(i) The President is authorized to provide assistance,
under such terms and conditions as he may determine, with respect to
activities relating to research on, and the treatment and control of,
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries.
``(ii) Assistance provided under clause (i) shall include--
``(I) funds made available directly to the World Health
Organization for its use in financing the Global Program on
AIDS (including activities implemented by the Pan American
Health Organization); and
``(II) funds made available to the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF) for AIDS-related activities.
``(B) Appropriations pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be referred
to as the `AIDS Prevention and Control Fund'.''.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 104(g)(1) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(g)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (A);
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``subsection (c) of
this section.'' and inserting ``subsection (c) of this section
(other than paragraph (4) thereof); and''; and
(3) by adding at the end thereof the following new
subparagraph:
``(C) $125,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and
$145,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 to carry out
subsection (c)(4) of this section.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take
effect October 1, 1995.
SEC. 8. SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS FORWARD LOOKING STRATEGIES FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN.
(a) In General.--The President shall direct the United States
representatives to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
to take all actions necessary to ensure the rapid implementation of the
United Nations Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women,
as adopted in 1985 at the United Nations Conference ending the Decade
for Women.
(b) Review and Annual Reports.--Not later than December 31, 1995,
the Secretary of State shall submit the 5-year review of the status of
United States women, as called for at the conference, and shall submit
such annual reports as are requested by the United Nations Commission
on the Status of Women.
SEC. 9. SUPPORT FOR THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.
The President shall promptly complete the review of the United
Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women, which was signed by the United States on July 17, 1980,
and submit to the Senate any reservations, understandings, or
declarations that the President considers necessary in order that the
Senate may give its advice and consent to ratification, or report to
the Congress why he is unable or unwilling to do so.
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