[Congressional Bills 103th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 62 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

103d CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 62

  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
     Senate general election campaigns, to limit contributions by 
      multicandidate political committees, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

             January 21 (legislative day, January 5), 1993

 Mr. DeConcini introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
         referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
     Senate general election campaigns, to limit contributions by 
      multicandidate political committees, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF CAMPAIGN ACT; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Senate Election 
Reform Act of 1993''.
    (b) Amendment of FECA.--When used in this Act, the term ``FECA'' 
means FECA (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.).
    (c) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of Campaign Act; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Spending limits.
Sec. 3. Senate account.
Sec. 4. Broadcast rates.
Sec. 5. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 6. Limits on contributions by multicandidate political committees 
                            and separate segregated funds.
Sec. 7. Intermediary or conduit.
Sec. 8. Independent expenditures.
Sec. 9. Independent expenditure broadcast disclosure.
Sec. 10. Referral to the Department of Justice.
Sec. 11. Extension of credit.
Sec. 12. Preferential rates for mail.
Sec. 13. Disclosure.
Sec. 14. Excess campaign funds.
Sec. 15. Political committee postal rates.
Sec. 16. Soft money.
Sec. 17. Federal Election Commission reform.
Sec. 18. Franked mail.
Sec. 19. One campaign committee allowed.
Sec. 20. Severability.
Sec. 21. Effective date.

SEC. 2. SPENDING LIMITS.

    FECA is amended by adding at the end the following new title:

  ``TITLE V--SPENDING LIMITS AND PUBLIC FINANCING FOR SENATE GENERAL 
                           ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

``SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.

    ``For the purposes of this title--
            ``(1) the term `authorized committee' means, with respect 
        to a candidate for election to a seat in the United States 
        Senate, a political committee that is authorized in writing by 
        the candidate to accept contributions or make expenditures on 
        behalf of the candidate to further the election of the 
        candidate;
            ``(2) the term `candidate' means an individual who is 
        seeking nomination for election, or election to a seat in the 
        United States Senate, and such an individual shall be deemed to 
        be seeking nomination for election, or election, if the 
        individual meets the criteria stated in subparagraph (A) or (B) 
        of section 301(2);
            ``(3) the term `eligible candidate' means a candidate who 
        has made the filings prescribed by section 502 (a) and (b);
            ``(4) the term `election cycle' means, with respect to an 
        election to any Senate seat--
                    ``(A) in the case of a candidate or the authorized 
                committee of a candidate, the period beginning on the 
                day after the date of the most recent general election 
                for the seat that the candidate seeks and ending on the 
                date of the next general election; or
                    ``(B) in the case of other persons, the period 
                beginning on the first day following the date of the 
                last general election and ending on the date of the 
                next election;
            ``(5) the term `general election' means an election that 
        will directly result in the election of a person to the office 
        of United States Senator, but does not include an open primary 
        election;
            ``(6) the term `general election period' means the period 
        beginning on the day after the date of a primary or runoff 
        election, whichever is later, and ending on the first of--
                    ``(A) the date of such general election; or
                    ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws 
                from the campaign or otherwise ceases actively to seek 
                election;
            ``(7) the term `immediate family' means--
                    ``(A) a candidate's spouse;
                    ``(B) a child, stepchild, parent, grandparent, 
                brother, half-brother, sister, or half-sister of the 
                candidate or the candidate's spouse; and
                    ``(C) the spouse of a person described in 
                subparagraph (B);
            ``(8) the term `major party' has the meaning stated in 
        section 9002(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the 
        Presidential Election Campaign Fund Act), provided that a 
        candidate in a general election held by a State to elect a 
        Senator subsequent to an open primary in which all the 
        candidates for the office participated and which resulted in 
        the selection of the candidate and at least one other candidate 
        for the ballot in the general election, shall be treated as a 
        candidate of a major party for purposes of this title;
            ``(9) the term `primary election', with respect to an 
        election for any Senate seat, means an election that may result 
        in the selection of a candidate for the Senate on the ballot in 
        a general election;
            ``(10) the term `primary election period', with respect to 
        an election for any Senate seat, means the period beginning on 
        the day following the date of the last Senate election for that 
        seat and ending on the first of--
                    ``(A) the date of the first primary election for 
                that seat following the last Senate election for that 
                seat; or
                    ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws 
                from the election or otherwise ceases actively to seek 
                election;
            ``(11) the term `runoff election', with respect to an 
        election for any Senate seat, means an election held after a 
        primary election for that seat, prescribed by State law as the 
        means for determining the candidates that will be certified as 
        nominees for the Senate;
            ``(12) the term `runoff election period', with respect to 
        an election for any Senate seat, means the period beginning on 
        the day following the date of the most recent primary election 
        for that seat and ending on the date of the runoff election for 
        that seat;
            ``(13) the term `Senate Account' means the Senate Election 
        Campaign Account maintained, pursuant to section 506, by the 
        Secretary of the Treasury in the Presidential Campaign Fund 
        established by section 9006(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986; and
            ``(14) the term `voting age population' means the resident 
        population, 18 years of age or older, as certified for a State 
        pursuant to section 315(e).

``SEC. 502. ELIGIBILITY TO RECEIVE BENEFITS.

    ``(a) To be eligible to receive benefits under this title, a 
candidate shall make the filings required by subsections (b) and (c).
    ``(b) To become an eligible candidate, a candidate shall, on the 
day that the candidate files as a candidate for the primary election, 
file with the Commission a declaration whether--
            ``(1) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees agree to make expenditures for the primary election 
        in an amount greater than the lesser of--
                    ``(A) 50 percent of the general election spending 
                limit applicable to the candidate under section 503(b); 
                or
                    ``(B) $2,750,000;
            ``(2) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees agree to make expenditures for a runoff election, in 
        an amount equal to no more than 20 percent of the general 
        election spending limit applicable to the candidate under 
        section 503(b); and
            ``(3) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees agree to make expenditures for the general election 
        in an amount equal to no more than the general election 
        spending limit applicable to the candidate under section 
        503(b).
    ``(c) To become an eligible candidate, a candidate shall, not later 
than 7 days after qualifying for the general election ballot under 
State law or, if the candidate's State is one that has a primary 
election to qualify for the general election ballot after September 1, 
not later than 7 days after the date such candidate wins in such 
primary, whichever occurs first, file a certification with the 
Commission under penalty of perjury stating that--
            ``(1) during the period beginning on January 1 of the 
        calendar year preceding the year of the general election, or in 
        the case of a special election for the seat of a United States 
        Senator, during the period beginning on the day on which the 
        seat was vacated, and ending on the day the certification is 
        made, the candidate and the candidate's authorized committees 
        have received contributions in an amount at least equal to the 
        lesser of--
                    ``(A) $650,000; or
                    ``(B) the greater of--
                            ``(i) $150,000; or
                            ``(ii) 10 cents multiplied by the voting 
                        age population of the State;
            ``(2) all contributions received for purposes of paragraph 
        (1) have come from individuals, and no contribution received 
        from an individual, when added to all contributions to or for 
        the benefit of the candidate from the individual, was taken 
        into account to the extent that the contributions from that 
        individual exceed $250;
            ``(3) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees have not expended for the primary election more than 
        the amount described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(4) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees have not expended for any runoff election more than 
        the amount described in subsection (b)(2);
            ``(5) at least 80 percent of the amount of contributions 
        received for purposes of paragraph (1) have come from 
        individuals residing in the candidate's State;
            ``(6) at least one other candidate has qualified for the 
        same general election ballot under State law;
            ``(7) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees--
                    ``(A) have not made and will not make expenditures 
                for the general election that exceed the general 
                election spending limit applicable to the candidate 
                under section 503(b), unless permitted to do so under 
                section 504(a)(2);
                    ``(B) will not accept any contributions in 
                violation of section 315;
                    ``(C) will not accept any contribution for the 
                general election except to the extent that the 
                contribution is necessary to defray expenditures for 
                the general election that in the aggregate do not 
                exceed the general election spending limit applicable 
                to the candidate under section 503(b), unless permitted 
                to do so under section 504(a)(2);
                    ``(D) will deposit all payments received under this 
                section in an account insured by the Federal Deposit 
                Insurance Corporation from which funds may be withdrawn 
                by check or similar means of payment to third parties;
                    ``(E) will furnish campaign records, evidence of 
                contributions, and other appropriate information to the 
                Commission;
                    ``(F) will cooperate in any audit and examination 
                conducted by the Commission pursuant to section 507; 
                and
                    ``(G) will not make any expenditures until the date 
                that is 6 months before the date of the primary 
                election, or use payments received under this section 
                for expenses incurred prior to such date for media 
                advertising, direct mail, and telephone banks unless 
                such expenses for mail or telephones are directly 
                related to raising funds or recruiting volunteers for 
                that election;
            ``(8) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
        committees will not use a broadcast station, pursuant to 
        section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315), 
        for a political advertisement or broadcast communication on a 
        television broadcast station until the date that is 6 months 
        before the date of the primary election in which such candidate 
        is involved; and
            ``(9) the candidate intends to make use of the benefits 
        provided in section 504.
    ``(d) For the purposes of subsection (c)(1) and section 
504(a)(2)(B), in determining the amount of contributions received by a 
candidate and the candidate's authorized committees--
            ``(1) no contribution other than a gift of money made by a 
        written instrument that identifies the person making the 
        contribution shall be taken into account;
            ``(2) no contribution made through an intermediary or 
        conduit referred to in section 315(a)(8) shall be taken into 
        account;
            ``(3) no contribution received from a person other than an 
        individual shall be taken into account, and no contribution 
        received from an individual shall be taken into account to the 
        extent such contribution exceeds $250 when added to all other 
        contributions made by that individual to or for the benefit of 
        such candidate since the date specified in paragraph (4); and
            ``(4) no contribution received prior to January 1 of the 
        calendar year preceding the year in which the general election 
        is held or received after the date on which the general 
        election is held shall be taken into account, and in the case 
        of a special election, no contribution received prior to the 
        date on which the seat was vacated or received after the date 
        on which the general election is held shall be taken into 
        account.

``SEC. 503. LIMITATIONS ON EXPENDITURES.

    ``(a) No candidate shall--
            ``(1) make expenditures from the personal funds of the 
        candidate or the funds of a member of the immediate family of 
        the candidate; or
            ``(2) incur personal debt,
in excess of $100,000 in connection with the candidate's campaign for 
the Senate during an election cycle.
    ``(b) No candidate may make expenditures for a general election in 
excess of the lesser of--
            ``(A) $5,500,000; or
            ``(B) the greater of--
                    ``(i) $900,000; or
                    ``(ii) $400,000 plus 21 cents multiplied by the 
                voting age population of 4,000,000 or less, plus 18 
                cents multiplied by the voting age population over 
                4,000,000,
        plus any amount permitted under section 504 (b) and (c).
    ``(c) No candidate who is otherwise eligible to receive benefits 
under this title for use in a general election may receive such 
benefits if the candidate makes expenditures for the primary election 
in excess of the lesser of--
            ``(1) $2,750,000; or
            ``(2) the amount equal to 50 percent of the limitation on 
        expenditures for the general election determined under 
        subsection (b).
    ``(d) No candidate who is otherwise eligible to receive benefits 
under this title for use in a general election may receive such 
benefits if the candidate makes expenditures for a runoff election in 
excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the limitation on 
expenditures for the general election determined under subsection (b).
    ``(e)(1) The limitation stated in subsection (b) shall not apply to 
expenditures by a candidate or the candidate's authorized committees 
from a compliance fund established to defray the costs of legal and 
accounting services provided solely to insure compliance with this Act, 
if--
            ``(A) the compliance fund contains only contributions 
        (including contributions received in excess of any amount 
        necessary to defray qualified campaign expenditures pursuant to 
        section 313) received in accordance with the limitations, 
        prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act, and does 
        not contain any funds received by the candidate pursuant to 
        section 504(a);
            ``(B) the amount of contributions to and expenditures from 
        the compliance fund do not exceed 10 percent of the limitation 
        on expenditures for the general election determined under 
        subsection (b); and
            ``(C) no transfers are made from the compliance fund to any 
        other accounts of the candidate's authorized committees.
    ``(2) If, after a general election, a candidate determines that the 
costs of necessary and continuing legal and accounting services require 
contributions to and expenditures from a compliance fund in excess of 
the limitation stated in paragraph (1), the candidate may petition the 
Commission for a waiver of such limitation up to any additional amount 
that the Commission may authorize, the determination of which shall be 
subject to Federal review under section 508.
    ``(3) Any money remaining in a compliance fund when a candidate 
decides to terminate or dissolve the compliance fund shall be--
            ``(A) contributed to the United States Treasury to reduce 
        the budget deficit; or
            ``(B) transferred to any fund of a subsequent campaign of 
        that candidate.
    ``(f) If during a primary election period or runoff election period 
preceding a general election, independent expenditures aggregating more 
than $10,000 are made or obligated to be made in opposition to a 
candidate or for the opponent of a candidate, the limitations stated in 
subsections (c) and (d), as they apply to such candidate, shall be 
deemed to be increased for that primary or runoff election in an amount 
equal to the amount of such independent expenditures made during the 
primary election period or runoff election period.
    ``(g) No candidate who receives a benefit under this title for use 
in a general election campaign shall receive any such benefits if the 
candidate makes any expenditure before the date that is 6 months before 
the date of the primary election in which the candidate is a candidate.
    ``(h) No candidate who receives a benefit under this title shall 
make any expenditure, directly or indirectly, for any political 
advertisement or broadcast communication on a television broadcast 
until after the date that is 6 months before the date of the primary 
election in which such candidate is a candidate.

``SEC. 504. ENTITLEMENT OF ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES TO BENEFITS.

    ``(a) An eligible candidate shall be entitled to--
            ``(1) the broadcast media rates provided under subsections 
        (b) and (d)(3) of section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 
        (47 U.S.C. 315);
            ``(2) mailing rates provided in section 3629 of title 39, 
        United States Code; and
            ``(3) a payment equal to the greater of--
                    ``(A) $250,000; or
                    ``(B) one-third of the difference between--
                            ``(i) the general election spending limit 
                        applicable to the candidate under section 
                        503(b); and
                            ``(ii) the threshold amount applicable to 
                        the candidate under section 502(b)(1),
        to the extent that such payment will not result in the 
        candidate's having received contributions and payments under 
        this subparagraph and subparagraph (C) aggregating an amount in 
        excess of the general election spending limit applicable to the 
        candidate under section 503(b);
                    ``(C) payments equal to the sum of--
                            ``(i) all contributions that the candidate 
                        has received from contributors (excluding 
                        multicandidate political committees) who have 
                        made contributions for the general election 
                        aggregating no more than $250 each; and
                            ``(ii) $250 times the number of 
                        contributors (excluding multicandidate 
                        political committees) from whom the candidate 
                        has received contributions for the general 
                        election aggregating more than $250,
                to the extent that such payment will not result in the 
                candidate's having received contributions and payments 
                under this subparagraph and subparagraph (B) 
                aggregating an amount in excess of the general election 
                spending unit applicable to the candidate under section 
                503(b); and
                    ``(D) payments under section 506 equal to the total 
                amount of independent expenditures made or obligated to 
                be made in the general election by any person in 
                opposition to, or on behalf of an opponent of, the 
                eligible candidate, as such expenditures are reported 
                by such person or determined by the Commission under 
                section 304(f);
            ``(4) if an eligible candidate's opponent who is not an 
        eligible candidate either raises aggregate contributions or 
        makes or becomes obligated to make aggregate expenditures for 
        the general election that exceed the general election spending 
        limit applicable to the eligible candidate under section 
        503(b)--
                    ``(A) in the case of an eligible candidate who is a 
                major party candidate a payment under section 506 (in 
                addition to payments to which the candidate is entitled 
                under paragraph (1)) in an amount equal to--
                            ``(i) two-thirds of the amount of the 
                        general election spending limit applicable to 
                        the eligible candidate under section 503(b) in 
                        a case in which the opponent either raises 
                        aggregate contributions or makes or becomes 
                        obligated to make aggregate expenditures for 
                        the general election that exceed 100 percent of 
                        the applicable general election spending limit; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) one-third of the amount of the 
                        general election spending limit applicable to 
                        the eligible candidate under section 503(b) in 
                        a case in which the opponent either raises 
                        aggregate contributions or makes or becomes 
                        obligated to make aggregate expenditures for 
                        the general election that exceed 133\1/3\ 
                        percent of the applicable general election 
                        spending limit; and
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible candidate who is 
                not a major party candidate matching payments under 
                section 506 (in addition to payments to which the 
                candidate is entitled under paragraph (1)) equal to the 
                amount of each contribution received by such eligible 
                candidate and the candidate's authorized committees, 
                provided that in determining the amount of each such 
                contribution--
                            ``(i) section 502(b) shall apply; and
                            ``(ii) threshold contributions required to 
                        be raised under section 502(b)(1) shall not be 
                        matched,
                to the extent that aggregate payments to a candidate 
                under this subparagraph do not exceed 50 percent of the 
                amount of the general election spending limit 
                applicable to the candidate under section 503(b).
    ``(b) An eligible candidate who receives payments under paragraph 
(1)(C) or (2) of subsection (a) may spend such funds to defray 
expenditures in the general election without regard to the general 
election spending limit applicable to the candidate under section 
503(b).
    ``(c)(1) An eligible candidate who receives benefits under this 
section may make expenditures for the general election without regard 
to subparagraph (A) of section 502(a)(7) or subsection (a) or (b) of 
section 503 if any one of the eligible candidate's opponent who is not 
an eligible candidate either raises aggregate contributions or makes or 
becomes obligated to make aggregate expenditures for the general 
election that exceed 133\1/3\ percent of the general election spending 
limit applicable under section 503(b).
    ``(2) A candidate who receives benefits under this section may 
receive contributions for the general election without regard to 
subparagraph (C) of section 502(a)(7) if a major party candidate in the 
same general election is not an eligible candidate, or if any other 
candidate in the same general election who is not an eligible candidate 
raises aggregate contributions or makes or becomes obligated to make 
aggregate expenditures for the general election that exceed 75 percent 
of the general election spending limit applicable to the candidate 
under section 503(b).
    ``(d) Benefits received by a candidate under this section shall be 
used to defray expenditures incurred with respect to the general 
election period for the candidate. Such benefits shall not be used--
            ``(1) to make any payments, directly or indirectly, to such 
        candidate or to any member of the immediate family of such 
        candidate;
            ``(2) to make any expenditure other than expenditures to 
        further the general election of such candidate,
            ``(3) to make any expenditures which constitute a violation 
        of any law of the United States or of the State in which the 
        expenditure is made; or
            ``(4) to repay any loan to any person except to the extent 
        the proceeds of such loan were used to further the general 
        election of such candidate.

``SEC. 505. CERTIFICATION BY COMMISSION.

    ``(a) No later than 48 hours after an eligible candidate files a 
request with the Commission to receive benefits under section 506 the 
Commission shall certify such eligibility to the Secretary of the 
Treasury for payment in full of the amount to which such candidate is 
entitled, unless the provisions of section 506(c) apply. Such request 
shall contain--
            ``(1) such information and be made in accordance with such 
        procedures, as the Commission may provide by regulation;
            ``(2) a certification that the candidate has raised 
        contributions in the applicable threshold amount states in 
        section 502(b)(1) and has met all other requirements to become 
        an eligible candidate; and
            ``(3) a verification signed by the candidate and the 
        treasurer of the principal campaign committee of such candidate 
        stating that the information furnished in support of the 
        request, to the best of their knowledge, is correct and fully 
        satisfies the requirements of this title.
    ``(b) Certifications by the Commission under subsection (a) and all 
determinations made by the Commission under this title shall be final 
and conclusive, except to the extent that they are subject to 
examination and audit by the Commission under section 507 and judicial 
review under section 508.

``SEC. 506. ESTABLISHMENT OF FUND; PAYMENTS TO ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a)(1) The Secretary shall maintain in the Presidential Election 
Campaign Fund (referred to as the `Fund') established by section 
9006(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in addition to any other 
accounts maintained under such section, a separate account to be known 
as the `Senate Account'. The Secretary shall deposit into the Senate 
Account, for use by eligible candidates, the amounts available after 
the Secretary determines that the amounts in the fund, plus the amounts 
of revenue the Secretary projects will accrue to the fund during the 
remainder of the period ending on December 31 of the year of the next 
Presidential election, equal 110 percent of the amount the Secretary 
projects will be necessary for payments under subtitle H of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 during such remainder of such period. The 
monies designated for the Senate Fund shall remain available without 
fiscal year limitation.
    ``(2) On May 15 of each year following the year during which a 
regularly scheduled biennial Senate election has occurred, the 
Secretary shall determine the amount in the Senate Fund, and determine 
whether that amount, plus the amount of revenue the Secretary projects 
will accrue to the Senate Account (based on the computation made by the 
Secretary with respect to the fund, as provided in paragraph (1)) 
during the period beginning on such date and ending on December 31 of 
the year of the next regularly scheduled biennial election, exceeds 110 
percent of the total estimated expenditures of the Senate Account 
during that period. If the Secretary determines that an excess amount 
exists, the Secretary shall transfer the excess to the general fund of 
the Treasury of the United States.
    ``(b) Upon receipt of a certification from the Commission under 
section 505, the Secretary shall promptly pay to the candidate named in 
the certification, out of the Senate Account, the amount certified by 
the Commission.

``SEC. 507. EXAMINATION AND AUDITS; REPAYMENTS.

    ``(a)(1) After each general election, the Commission shall conduct 
an examination and audit of the campaign accounts of 10 percent of the 
eligible candidates of each major party and 10 percent of all other 
eligible candidates, as designated by the Commission through the use of 
an appropriate statistical method of random selection to determine, 
among other things, whether such candidates have complied with the 
expenditure limits and other conditions of eligibility and requirements 
of this title.
    ``(2) After each special election, the Commission shall conduct an 
examination and audit of the campaign accounts of each eligible 
candidate in such election to determine whether such candidates have 
complied with the expenditure limits and other conditions of 
eligibility and requirements under this title.
    ``(3) The Commission may conduct an examination and audit of the 
campaign accounts of any eligible candidate in a general election if 
the Commission, by an affirmative vote of four members, determines that 
there exists reason to believe that the candidate has violated any 
provision of this title.
    ``(b) If the Commission determines that any portion of the payments 
made to a candidate under this title was in excess of the aggregate 
payments to which such candidate was entitled, the Commission shall so 
notify the candidate, and the candidate shall pay to the Secretary an 
amount equal to the excess.
    ``(c) If the Commission determines that any part of a payment 
benefit made to a candidate under this title was not used as required 
by this title, the Commission shall so notify the candidate and the 
candidate shall pay to the Secretary an amount equal to 200 percent of 
the amount of the benefit that was used otherwise than as permitted by 
this title.
    ``(d) If the Commission determines that a candidate who has 
received benefits under this title has made expenditures which in the 
aggregate exceed by 5 percent or less the general election spending 
limit applicable to the candidate under section 503(b), the Commission 
shall so notify the candidate, and the candidate shall pay to the 
Secretary an amount equal to the amount of the excess expenditure.
    ``(e) If the Commission determines that a candidate who has 
received benefits under this title has made expenditures which in the 
aggregate exceed by more than 5 percent general election spending limit 
applicable to the candidate under the limitation set forth in section 
503(b), the Commission shall so notify the candidate, and the candidate 
shall pay the Secretary an amount equal to three times the amount of 
the excess expenditure.
    ``(f) Any amount received by an eligible candidate under this title 
may be retained for no more than 60 days after the date of the general 
election for the liquidation of all obligations to pay general election 
campaign expenses incurred during the general election period. At the 
end of 60 days any unexpended funds received under this title shall be 
promptly repaid to the Secretary.
    ``(g) No notification shall be made by the Commission under this 
section with respect to an election more than 3 years after the date of 
such election.
    ``(h) All payments received under this section shall be deposited 
in the Senate Account.

``SEC. 507A. CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

    ``(a) No candidate shall knowingly or willfully accept benefits 
under this title in excess of the aggregate benefits to which the 
candidate is entitled or knowingly or willfully use such benefits for 
any purpose other than one permitted by this title or knowingly or 
willfully make expenditures from the candidate's personal funds, or the 
personal funds of the candidate's immediate family, in excess of the 
general election spending limit applicable to the candidate under 
section 503(b).
    ``(b) A person who violates subsection (a) shall be fined not more 
than $25,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. Any officer 
or member of any political committee who knowingly consents to the 
making of an expenditure in violation of subsection (a) shall be fined 
not more than $25,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(c)(1) It is unlawful for any person who receives any benefit 
under this title, or to whom any portion of any such benefit is 
transferred, knowingly and willfully to use, or authorize the use of, 
such benefit or such portion except as provided in section 504(d).
    ``(2) Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more 
than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(d)(1) It is unlawful for any person knowingly and willfully--
            ``(A) to furnish any false, fictitious, or fraudulent 
        evidence, books, or information (including any certification, 
        verification, notice, or report) to the Commission under this 
        title, or to include in any evidence, books, or information so 
        furnished any misrepresentation of a material fact, or to 
        falsify or conceal any evidence, books, or information relevant 
        to a certification by the Commission or an examination and 
        audit by the Commission under this title; or
            ``(B) to fail to furnish to the Commission any records, 
        books, or information requested by it for purposes of this 
        title.
    ``(2) Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more 
than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(e)(1) It is unlawful for any person knowingly and willfully to 
give or accept any kickback or any illegal payment in connection with 
any benefits received by a candidate, or an authorized committee of a 
candidate who receives benefits under this title.
    ``(2) Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more 
than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(3) In addition to the penalty provided by paragraph (2), any 
person who accepts any kickback or illegal benefit in connection with 
any benefits received by a candidate or an authorized committee of a 
candidate pursuant to the provisions of this title shall pay to the 
Secretary for deposit in the fund, an amount equal to 125 percent of 
the kickback or benefit received.

``SEC. 508. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    ``(a) Any action by the Commission made under this title shall be 
subject to review by the United States Court of Appeals for the 
District of Columbia Circuit upon petition filed in that court not 
later than 30 days after the Commission action for which review is 
sought. It shall be the duty of the Court of Appeals, ahead of all 
matters not filed under this title, to advance on the docket and 
expeditiously take action on all petitions filed pursuant to this 
title.
    ``(b) Chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code, applies to judicial 
review of any agency action, as defined in section 551(13) of title 5, 
United States Code, by the Commission.

``SEC. 509. PARTICIPATION BY COMMISSION IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

    ``(a) The Commission may appear in and defend against any action 
instituted under this section and under section 508 either by attorneys 
employed in its office or by counsel whom it may appoint without regard 
to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing 
appointments in the competitive service, and whose compensation it may 
fix without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III 
of chapter 53 of such title.
    ``(b) The Commission may, through attorneys and counsel described 
in subsection (a), institute actions in the district courts of the 
United States to seek recovery of any amounts determined under section 
507 to be payable to the Secretary.
    ``(c) The Commission may, through attorneys and counsel described 
in subsection (a), petition the courts of the United States for such 
injunctive relief as is appropriate in order to implement any provision 
of this title.
    ``(d) The Commission is authorized on behalf of the United States 
to appeal from, and to petition the Supreme Court for certiorari to 
review, judgments or decrees entered with respect to actions in which 
it appears pursuant to this section.

``SEC. 510. REPORTS TO CONGRESS; REGULATIONS.

    ``(a) The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after each 
election, submit a full report to the Senate setting forth--
            ``(1) the expenditures (shown in such detail as the 
        Commission deems appropriate) made by each eligible candidate 
        and the authorized committees of that candidate;
            ``(2) the amounts certified by the Commission under section 
        505 for payment to each eligible candidate;
            ``(3) the amount of repayments, if any, required under 
        section 507, and the reasons for each such repayment; and
            ``(4) the balance in the fund, the Senate Account and any 
        other account maintained in the fund.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be printed as a 
Senate document.
    ``(b) The Commission may prescribe such rules and regulations in 
accordance with subsection (c), conduct such examinations and 
investigations, and require the keeping and submission of such books, 
records, and information, as it deems necessary to carry out its 
functions and duties under this title.
    ``(c) Thirty days before prescribing any rules or regulation under 
subsection (b), the Commission shall transmit to the Senate a statement 
setting forth the proposed rule or regulation and containing a detailed 
explanation and justification of such rule or regulation.

``SEC. 511. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such 
sums as are necessary for the purpose of carrying out the Commission's 
functions and duties under this title.''.

SEC. 3. SENATE ACCOUNT.

    Section 6096(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended--
            (1) by striking ``$1'' each place it appears in that 
        subsection and inserting ``$2''; and
            (2) by striking ``$2'' each place it appears in that 
        subsection and inserting ``$4''.

SEC. 4. BROADCAST RATES.

    Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``section'' and inserting 
        ``subsection'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and (d) as 
        subsections (d), (e), and (f), respectively;
            (3) by inserting immediately after subsection (a) the 
        following new subsections:
    ``(b)(1) If any licensee permits a person to utilize a broadcasting 
station to broadcast material which either endorses a legally qualified 
candidate for any Federal elective office or opposes a legally 
qualified candidate for that office, such licensee shall, within a 
reasonable period of time, provide to any eligible candidate opposing 
the candidate endorsed (or to an authorized committee of such eligible 
candidate), or to any eligible candidate who was so opposed (or to an 
authorized committee of such eligible candidate), the opportunity to 
utilize, without charge, the same amount of time on such broadcasting 
station, during the same period of the day, as was utilized by such 
person.
    ``(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term `person' includes 
an individual, partnership, committee, association, corporation, or any 
other organization or group of persons, but such term does not include 
a legally qualified candidate for any Federal elective office or an 
authorized committee of any such candidate.
    ``(c) A licensee shall not preempt the use, during any period 
specified in subsection (d)(1), of a broadcasting station by a legally 
qualified candidate for Federal office who has purchased such use 
pursuant to such subsection (d)(1).'';
            (4) by amending subsection (d)(1), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (2), to read as follows:
            ``(1) during the 6 months preceding the date of a primary, 
        runoff, general, or special election in which such person is a 
        candidate, the lowest unit charge of the station over the 
        preceding 12-month period for the same class and amount of time 
        for the same period, except that in the case of candidates for 
        the United States Senate in a general election, as such term is 
        defined in section 501(5) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
        of 1971, this provision shall apply only if such candidate has 
        been certified by the Federal Election Commission as eligible 
        to receive benefits under title V of that Act;''; and
            (5) by amending subsection (e), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (2) to read as follows:
    ``(e) For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) the term `authorized committee' means, with respect 
        to any candidate for nomination for election, or election, to 
        any Federal elective office, any committee, club, association, 
        or other group of persons which receives contributions or makes 
        expenditures during a calendar year in an aggregate amount 
        exceeding $1,000 and which is authorized by such candidate to 
        accept contributions or make expenditures on behalf of such 
        candidate to further the nomination or election of such 
        candidate;
            ``(2) the term `broadcasting station' includes a community 
        antenna television system; and
            ``(3) the terms `licensee' and `station licensee', when 
        used with respect to a community antenna system, mean the 
        operator of such system.''.

SEC. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Additional Requirements.--Section 304 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(d)(1) Not later than the day after the date on which a candidate 
for the United States Senate qualifies for the ballot for a general 
election, as that term is defined in section 501(5), or, if such 
candidate is a candidate in a State which has a primary election to 
qualify for such ballot after September 1, within 7 days after the date 
such candidate wins in such primary, whichever occurs first, each such 
candidate in such election shall file with the Commission a declaration 
whether the candidate intends to make expenditures in excess of the 
general election spending limit applicable to the candidate under 
section 503(b).
    ``(2) A declaration filed pursuant to paragraph (1) may be amended 
or changed at any time within 7 days after the filing of the 
declaration, and may not be further amended or changed.
    ``(e)(1) A candidate for the United States Senate who qualifies for 
the ballot for a general election, as that term is defined in section 
501(5)--
            ``(A) who is not eligible to receive benefits under section 
        502; and
            ``(B) who either raises aggregate contributions or makes or 
        becomes obligated to make aggregate expenditures for the 
        general election that exceed 75 percent of the general election 
        spending limit applicable to the candidate under section 503(b) 
        for such Senate election,
shall file a report with the Commission not later than 24 hours after 
such contributions have been raised or such expenditures have been made 
or obligated to be made, or not later than 24 hours after the date of 
qualification for the general election ballot, whichever is later, 
setting forth the candidate's total contributions and total 
expenditures for such election. Thereafter such candidate shall file 
additional reports with the Commission not later than 24 hours after 
each time additional contributions are raised or expenditures are made, 
or are obligated to be made, which aggregate an additional 5 percent of 
such limit. A candidate shall continue to file such reports until the 
candidate has raised aggregate contributions or made or has become 
obligated to make aggregate expenditures equal to 133\1/3\ percent of 
the general election spending limit applicable to the candidate under 
section 503(b).
    ``(2) The Commission, not later than 24 hours after such a report 
has been filed, shall notify each candidate in an election who is 
eligible to receive benefits pursuant to this title of the filing of 
such report, and after an opposing candidate has raised aggregate 
contributions or made or has become obligated to make aggregate 
expenditures in excess of the applicable general election spending 
limit, the Commission shall certify, pursuant to subsection (i), such 
eligibility to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment of any amount 
to which such eligible candidate is entitled.
    ``(3) Notwithstanding the reporting requirement established in this 
subsection, the Commission may make its own determination that a 
candidate in a general election, as such term is defined in section 
501(5), who is not eligible to receive benefits under section 504, has 
raised aggregate contributions or has made or has become obligated to 
make aggregate expenditures for such election that exceed general 
election spending limit applicable to a candidate under section 503(b). 
The Commission, not later than 24 hours after making such 
determination, shall notify each candidate in the general election 
involved who is eligible to receive benefits under section 504 about 
the making of such determination, and shall certify, pursuant to 
subsection (i), such eligibility to the Secretary of the Treasury for 
payment of any amount to which any such candidate is entitled.
    ``(f)(1) All independent expenditures, if any (including those 
described in subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii)), made by any person after the 
date of the last Federal election with regard to a general election, as 
such term is defined in section 501(5), and all obligations to make 
such expenditures incurred by any person during such period, if any, 
shall be reported by such person to the Commission as provided in 
paragraph (2), if such expenditure or obligation is described in such 
paragraph.
    ``(2) Independent expenditures by any person referred to in 
paragraph (1) shall be reported not later than 24 hours after the 
aggregate amount of such expenditures incurred or obligated exceeds 
$10,000. Thereafter, independent expenditures referred to in paragraph 
(1), made by the same person in the same election, shall be reported 
not later than 24 hours after each time the aggregate amount of such 
expenditures incurred or obligated, not yet reported under this 
subparagraph, exceeds $5,000.
    ``(3) Each report under this subsection shall be filed with the 
Commission and the Secretary of State for the State of the election 
involved and shall contain--
            ``(A) the information required by subsection 
        (b)(6)(B)(iii); and
            ``(B) a statement filed under penalty of perjury by the 
        person making the independent expenditures, or by the person 
        incurring the obligation to make such expenditures, as the case 
        may be, that identifies the candidate whom the independent 
        expenditures are actually intended to help elect or defeat.
The Commission shall, not later than 24 hours after such report is 
made, notify each candidate in the election involved who is eligible to 
receive benefits pursuant to section 504(a)(1)(C), about the making of 
each such report, and shall certify such eligibility to the Secretary 
of the Treasury for payment in full of any amount to which any such 
candidate is entitled.
    ``(4)(A) Notwithstanding the reporting requirements established in 
this subsection, the Commission may make its own determination that a 
person has made independent expenditures, or has incurred an obligation 
to make such expenditures, as the case may be, with regard to a general 
election, as defined in section 501(5), that in the aggregate total 
more than the applicable amount specified in paragraph (2).
    ``(B) The Commission shall, not later than 24 hours after such 
determination is made, notify each candidate in the election involved 
who is eligible to receive benefits under section 504(a)(1)(C) about 
the making of each determination under subparagraph (A), and shall 
certify, pursuant to subsection (i), such eligibility to the Secretary 
of the Treasury for payment in full of any amount to which such 
candidate is entitled.
    ``(g)(1) When two or more persons make an expenditure or 
expenditures in coordination, consultation, or concert (as described in 
paragraph (2) or otherwise) for the purpose of promoting the election 
or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, each such person shall 
report to the Commission, under subsection (f), the amount of such 
expenditure or expenditures made by such person in coordination, 
consultation, or concert with such other person or persons when the 
total amount of all expenditures made by such persons in coordination, 
consultation, or concert with each other exceeds the applicable amount 
provided in such subsection.
    ``(2) An expenditure by a person shall constitute an expenditure in 
coordination, consultation, or concert with another person when--
            ``(A) there is any arrangement, coordination, or direction 
        with respect to the expenditure between the persons making the 
        expenditures, including any officer, director, employee or 
        agent of such person;
            ``(B) in the same 2-year election cycle, 1 of the persons 
        making the expenditures (including any officer, director, 
        employee or agent of such person) is or has been, with respect 
        to such expenditures--
                    ``(i) authorized by such other person to raise or 
                expend funds on behalf of such other person; or
                    ``(ii) receiving any form of compensation or 
                reimbursement from such other person or an agent of 
                such other person;
            ``(C) one of the persons making expenditures (including any 
        officer, director, employee or agent of such person) has 
        communicated with, advised, or counseled such other person in 
        connection with such expenditure; or
            ``(D) one of the persons making expenditures and such other 
        person making expenditures each retain the professional 
        services of the same individual or person in connection with 
        such expenditures.
    ``(h)(1) Every political committee, as defined in section 301(4), 
active in non-Federal elections and maintaining separate accounts for 
this purpose shall file with the Commission reports of funds received 
into and disbursements made from such accounts for activities which may 
influence an election to any Federal office. For purposes of this 
section, activities that may influence an election to any Federal 
office include--
            ``(A) voter registration and get-out-the-vote drives 
        directed to the general public in connection with any election 
        in which Federal candidates appear on the ballot;
            ``(B) general public political advertising that includes 
        references, however incidental, to clearly identify Federal and 
        non-Federal candidates for public office, or that does not 
        clearly identify Federal candidates but urges support for or 
        opposition to all the candidates of a political party or other 
        candidates in a classification or context which includes 
        Federal candidates; and
            ``(C) any other activities that require an allocation of 
        costs between a political committee's Federal and non-Federal 
        accounts reflecting the impact on Federal elections in 
        accordance with regulations prescribed or Advisory Opinions 
        rendered by the Commission.
    ``(2) Reports required to be filed by this subsection shall be 
filed for the same time periods required for political committees under 
section 304(a), and shall include:
            ``(A) a separate statement, for each of the activities in 
        connection with which a report is required under paragraph (1), 
        of the aggregate total of disbursements from the non-Federal 
        accounts; and
            ``(B) supporting schedules, providing an identification of 
        each donor (except donors whose aggregate donations do not 
        exceed $200 in a calendar year) together with the amount and 
        date of each donation with regard to the receipts of the non-
        Federal account that comprise disbursements reported under 
        subparagraph (A).
    ``(3) Reports required to be filed by this subsection need not 
include donations made to or on behalf of non-Federal candidates or 
political organizations in accordance with the financing and reporting 
requirements of State laws, or other disbursements from the non-Federal 
accounts in support of exclusively non-Federal election activities, if 
such donations or disbursements are governed solely by such State laws 
and not subject to paragraph (1).
    ``(i) The certifications required by this section shall be made by 
the Commission on the basis of reports filed with such Commission in 
accordance with the provisions of this Act, or on the basis of such 
Commission's own investigation or determination, notwithstanding 
section 505(a).
    ``(j) Not later than 15 days after a candidate for the Senate 
qualifies for the primary ballot under applicable State law, such 
candidate shall file with the Commission a declaration stating whether 
or not such candidate agrees to expend from the candidate's personal 
funds, or the funds of the candidate's immediate family, or incur 
personal loans, in connection with the candidate's campaign for such 
office, in the aggregate of $100,000 or more, for the election cycle.
    ``(k)(1) A candidate for the United States Senate who expends from 
the candidate's personal funds or the funds of the candidate's 
immediate family, or incurs personal loans, in connection with the 
candidate's campaign for such office, in the aggregate in excess of 
$100,000, for the election cycle, shall file a report with the 
Commission not later than 24 hours after such expenditures have been 
made or loans incurred. Thereafter the expenditures referred to in this 
paragraph shall be reported not later than 24 hours after each time the 
aggregate of additional expenditures or loans exceeds $10,000.
    ``(2) Not later than 24 hours after a report has been filed under 
paragraph (1), the Commission shall notify each candidate in the 
election who is eligible to receive payments under section 504 of the 
filing of each such report.
    ``(3) Notwithstanding the reporting requirements in this 
subsection, the Commission may make its own determination that a 
candidate for the United States Senate has made expenditures from the 
personal funds of such candidate or the funds of any member of a 
candidate's immediate family or incurred personal loans in connection 
with the candidate's campaign aggregating in excess of $100,000, or 
thereafter in increments of $10,000 during the election cycle. Not 
later than 24 hours after making such determination, the Commission 
shall notify each candidate in the general election who is eligible to 
receive benefits under section 504 of the making of each such 
determination.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``Whether a committee, club, association, or other group of 
        persons has received contributions within the meaning of this 
        paragraph shall be determined by the Commission on the basis of 
        facts and circumstances, in any combination, demonstrating a 
        purpose of influencing any election for Federal office, 
        including, but not limited to, the representations made by any 
        person soliciting funds about their intended uses; the 
        identification by name of individuals who are candidates for 
        Federal office, as defined in paragraph (2) of this section, or 
        of any political party, in general public political 
        advertising; and the proximity to any primary, run-off, or 
        general election of general public political advertising 
        designed or reasonably calculated to influence voter choice in 
        that election.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(20) The term `election cycle' means--
                    ``(A) in the case of a candidate or an authorized 
                committee of a candidate, the period beginning on the 
                day after the date of the most recent election for the 
                seat that the candidate seeks and ending on the date of 
                the next general election; or
                    ``(B) in the case of other persons, the period 
                beginning on the first day following the date of the 
                most recent general election and ending on the date of 
                the next election.''.

SEC. 6. LIMITS ON CONTRIBUTIONS BY MULTICANDIDATE POLITICAL COMMITTEES 
              AND SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUNDS.

    (a) Dollar Limits.--Section 315(a)(2) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(2)) 
is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``$5,000'' and 
        inserting ``$1,000'';
            (2) by striking ``or'' at the end of subparagraph (B);
            (3) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) by striking ``$5,000'' and inserting 
                ``$1,000''; and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
            ``(D) to any candidate for the office of Member of, or 
        Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the House of 
        Representatives and the authorized political committees of such 
        candidate with respect to--
                    ``(i) a general or special election for the office 
                of Representative in, or Delegate or Resident 
                Commissioner to, the Congress (including any primary 
                election, convention, or caucus relating to such 
                general or special election) which exceed $100,000 (or 
                $125,000 if at least two candidates qualify for the 
                ballot in the general or special election and at least 
                two candidates qualify for the ballot in a primary 
                election relating to such general or special election), 
                when added to the total of contributions previously 
                made by multicandidate political committees and 
                separate segregated funds, other than multicandidate 
                committees of a political party, to such candidate and 
                the candidate's authorized political committees with 
                respect to such general or special election (including 
                any primary election, convention, or caucus relating to 
                such general or special election); or
                    ``(ii) a runoff election for the office of 
                Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner 
                to, the Congress which exceed $25,000 when added to the 
                total of contributions previously made by 
                multicandidate political committees and separate 
                segregated funds, other than multicandidate committees 
                of a political party, to such candidate and the 
                candidate's authorized political committees with 
                respect to such runoff election;
            ``(E) to any candidate for the office of Senator and the 
        authorized political committees of such candidate with respect 
        to--
                    ``(i) a general or special election for such office 
                (including any primary election, convention, or caucus 
                relating to such general or special election) which, 
                when added to the total of contributions previously 
                made by multicandidate political committees and 
                separate segregated funds, other than multicandidate 
                committees of a political party, to such candidate and 
                the candidate's authorized political committees with 
                respect to such general or special election (including 
                any primary election, convention, or caucus relating to 
                such general or special election) exceeds an amount 
                equal to 10 percent of the amount provided in section 
                315(i); or
                    ``(ii) a runoff election for the office of United 
                States Senator which exceeds, when added to the total 
                of contributions previously made by multicandidate 
                political committees and separate segregated funds, 
                other than multicandidate committees of a political 
                party, to such candidate and his authorized political 
                committees with respect to such runoff election, an 
                amount equal to 10 percent of the limitation on 
                expenditures provided in section 315(j) for runoff 
                elections; or
            ``(F) to any State committee of a political party, 
        including any subordinate committee of a State committee, 
        which, when added to the total of contributions previously made 
        by multicandidate political committees and separate segregated 
        funds, other than multicandidate committees of a political 
        party, to such State committee exceeds the greater of--
                    ``(i) 2 cents multiplied by the voting age 
                population of the State of such State committee; or
                    ``(ii) $25,000.
The limitation of subparagraph (F) shall apply separately with respect 
to each two-year Federal election cycle, covering a period from the day 
following the date of the last Federal general election held in that 
State through the date of the next regularly scheduled Federal general 
election.''.
    (b) Senate Elections.--(1) Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(i) For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(E)(i), such limitation for 
the election cycle shall be an amount equal to the lesser of--
            ``(1) $5,500,000; or
            ``(2) the greater of--
                    ``(A) $900,000; or
                    ``(B) 50 percent of the sum of--
                            ``(i) $400,000; and
                            ``(ii) 21 cents multiplied by the voting 
                        age population of 4,000,000 or less, plus 18 
                        cents multiplied by the voting age population 
                        over 4,000,000.
    ``(j) For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(E)(ii), such limitation for 
the election cycle shall be an amount equal to the lesser of--
            ``(1) $5,500,000; or
            ``(2) the greater of--
                    ``(A) $900,000; or
                    ``(B) 20 percent of the sum of--
                            ``(i) $400,000; and
                            ``(ii) 25 cents multiplied by the voting 
                        age population of 4,000,000 or less, plus 20 
                        cents multiplied by the voting age population 
                        over 4,000,000.''.
    (2) Section 315(c) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(c)) is amended--
            (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``subsection (b) and 
        subsection (d)'' and inserting ``subsections (b), (d), (i), and 
        (j)''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)(B) by inserting before the period at 
        the end ``as applied in subsections (b) and (d), and the term 
        `base period' means the calendar year of the first election 
        after the date of enactment of the Senate Election Reform Act 
        of 1993, as applied in subsections (i) and (j)''.
    (c) Congressional Campaign Committees.--Section 315(d) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(2) and (3)'' and 
        inserting ``(2), (3), (4), and (5)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
    ``(4) No congressional campaign committee may accept contributions 
from multicandidate political committees and separate segregated funds, 
during two-year election cycle, which, in the aggregate, exceed 30 
percent of the total expenditures that may be made during such election 
cycle by that campaign committee on behalf of candidates for Senator, 
Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner pursuant to 
paragraph (3).
    ``(5) No national committee of a political party may accept 
contributions from multicandidate political committees and separate 
segregated funds, during two-year election cycle, which, in the 
aggregate, are in excess of an amount equal to 2 cents multiplied by 
the voting age population of the United States.
    ``(6) The limitations contained in paragraphs (2) and (3) shall 
apply to any expenditure through general public political advertising, 
whenever made, which--
            ``(A) clearly identifies by name an individual who is, or 
        is seeking nomination to be, a candidate in the general 
        election for the Federal office of President, Senator or 
        Representative; and
            ``(B) does not constitute a direct mail communication 
        designed primarily for fundraising purposes that makes only 
        incidental reference to a Federal candidate.''.

SEC. 7. INTERMEDIARY OR CONDUIT.

    Section 315(a)(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(8)(A) For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(i) contributions made by a person, either directly or 
        indirectly, to or on behalf of a particular candidate, 
        including contributions which are in any way earmarked or 
        otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to such 
        candidate, shall be treated as contributions from such person 
        to such candidate; and
            ``(ii) contributions made by a person either directly or 
        indirectly, to or on behalf of a particular candidate, through 
        an intermediary or conduit, including all contributions 
        delivered or arranged to be delivered by such intermediary or 
        conduit, shall also be treated as contributions from the 
        intermediary or conduit, if--
                    ``(I)(aa) the contributions made through the 
                intermediary or conduit are in the form of a check or 
                other negotiable instrument made payable to the conduit 
                or intermediary rather than the intended recipient; or
                    ``(bb) the conduit or intermediary is a political 
                committee, other than an authorized committee of a 
                candidate, within the meaning of section 301(4), or an 
                officer, employee or other agent of such a political 
                committee, or an officer, employee or other agent of a 
                connected organization, within the meaning of section 
                301(7), acting in its behalf; and
                    ``(II) the conduit or intermediary is required to 
                register as a lobbyist or lobby organization as defined 
                under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 
                266), or an officer, employee or other agent of such an 
                organization.
    ``(B) The limitations imposed by this subsection shall not apply 
to--
            ``(i) bona fide joint fundraising efforts conducted solely 
        for the purpose of sponsorship of a fundraising reception, 
        dinner, or other event in accordance with rules and regulations 
        prescribed by the Commission by--
                    ``(I) two or more candidates;
                    ``(II) two or more national, State, or local 
                committees of a political party within the meaning of 
                section 301(4) acting on their own behalf; or
                    ``(III) a special committee formed by either two or 
                more candidates or one or more candidates and one or 
                more national, State, or local committees of a 
                political party acting on their own behalf; or
            ``(ii) fundraising efforts for the benefit of a candidate 
        which are conducted by another candidate within the meaning of 
        section 301(2).
In all cases where contributions are made by a person either directly 
or indirectly to or on behalf of a particular candidate through an 
intermediary or conduit, the intermediary or conduit shall report the 
original source and the intended recipient of such contribution to the 
Commission and to the intended recipient.''.

SEC. 8. INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    Section 301(17) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(17)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new sentence: ``An expenditure shall constitute 
an expenditure in coordination, consultation, or concert with a 
candidate when--
            ``(A) there is any arrangement, coordination, or direction 
        with respect to the expenditure between the candidate or the 
        candidate's agent and the person (including any officer, 
        director, employee or agent of such person) making the 
        expenditure;
            ``(B) in the same election cycle, the person making the 
        expenditure (including any officer, director, employee or agent 
        of such person) is or has been--
                    ``(i) authorized to raise or expend funds on behalf 
                of the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees;
                    ``(ii) serving as an officer of the candidate's 
                authorized committees; or
                    ``(iii) receiving any form of compensation or 
                reimbursement from the candidate, the candidate's 
                authorized committees, or the candidate's agent;
            ``(C) the person making the expenditure (including any 
        officer, director, employee or agent of such person) has 
        communicated with, advised, or counseled the candidate or the 
        candidate's agents at any time on the candidate's plans, 
        projects, or needs relating to the candidate's pursuit of 
        nomination for election, or election to Federal office, in the 
        same election cycle, including any advice relating to the 
        candidate's decision to seek Federal office;
            ``(D) the person making the expenditure retains the 
        professional services of any individual or other person also 
        providing those services to the candidate in connection with 
        the candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, or election 
        to Federal office, in the same election cycle, including any 
        services relating to the candidate's decision to seek Federal 
        office;
            ``(E) the person making the expenditure (including any 
        officer, director, employee or agent of such person) has 
        communicated or consulted at any time during the same election 
        cycle about the candidate's plans, projects, or needs relating 
        to the candidate's pursuit of election to Federal office, 
        with--
                    ``(i) any officer, director, employee or agent of a 
                party committee that has made or intends to make 
                expenditures or contributions, pursuant to subsections 
                (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 in connection with the 
                candidate's campaign; or
                    ``(ii) any person whose professional services have 
                been retained by a political party committee that has 
                made or intends to make expenditures or contributions 
                pursuant to subsections (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 
                in connection with the candidate's campaign; or
            ``(F) the expenditure is based on information provided to 
        the person making the expenditure directly or indirectly by the 
        candidate or the candidate's agents about the candidate's 
        plans, projects, or needs, if the candidate or the candidate's 
        agent is aware that the other person has made or is planning to 
        make expenditures expressly advocating the candidate's 
        election.''.

SEC. 9. INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE BROADCAST DISCLOSURE.

    Section 318(a)(3) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d(a)(3)) is amended by 
striking the period at the end and inserting the following: ``, except 
that when a person makes an independent expenditure through a broadcast 
communication on any television station, the broadcast communication 
shall include a statement clearly readable to the viewer that appears 
continuously during the entire length of such communication setting 
forth the name of such person and, in the case of a political 
committee, the name of any connected or affiliated organization, and 
when a person makes an independent expenditure through a newspaper, 
magazine, outdoor advertising facility, direct mailing or other type of 
general public political advertising, the communication shall include, 
in addition to the other information required by this subsection--
            ``(A) the following sentence: `The cost of presenting this 
        communication is not subject to any campaign contribution 
        limits.'; and
            ``(B) a statement setting forth the name of the person who 
        paid for the communication and, in the case of a political 
        committee, the name of any connected or affiliated organization 
        and the name of the president or treasurer of such 
        organization.''.

SEC. 10. REFERRAL TO THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

    Section 309(a)(5)(C) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(C)) is amended by 
striking ``may refer'' and inserting ``shall refer''.

SEC. 11. EXTENSION OF CREDIT.

    Section 301(8)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (i);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of clause (ii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
                    ``(iii) with respect to a candidate for the office 
                of United States Senator and the candidate's authorized 
                political committees, any extension of credit for goods 
                or services relating to advertising on broadcasting 
                stations, in newspapers or magazines, by direct mail 
                (including direct mail fund solicitations) or other 
                similar types of general public political advertising, 
                if such extension of credit is--
                            ``(I) in an amount of more than $1,000; and
                            ``(II) for a period of more than 60 days 
                        after the date on which such goods or services 
                        are furnished, which date in the case of 
                        advertising by direct mail (including a direct 
                        mail solicitation) shall be the date of the 
                        mailing.''.

SEC. 12. PREFERENTIAL RATES FOR MAIL.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 36 of title 39, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 3629. Reduced rates for certain Senate candidates
    ``The rates of postage for matter mailed with respect to a campaign 
by an eligible candidate (as defined in section 501 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971) shall be--
            ``(1) in the case of first-class mail matter, one-fourth of 
        the rate currently in effect; and
            ``(2) in the case of third-class mail matter, 2 cents per 
        piece less than mail matter mailed pursuant to paragraph (1),
subject to the condition that the total paid by such candidate for all 
mail matter at the rates provided by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not 
exceed 5 percent of the general election spending limit applicable to 
such candidate under section 503(b) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The chapter analysis for chapter 36 of 
title 39, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 3628 the following new item:

``3629. Reduced rates for certain Senate candidates.''.

SEC. 13. DISCLOSURE.

    Section 318(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended--
            (1) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (3) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) if paid for or authorized by a general election 
        candidate for the Senate, or the authorized committee of such 
        candidate who has NOT agreed to abide by the expenditure limits 
        in section 503, such advertisement or announcement shall 
        contain the following sentence: `This candidate has NOT agreed 
        to abide by the spending limits for this Senate election 
        campaign set forth in the Federal Election Campaign Act.'.''.

SEC. 14. EXCESS CAMPAIGN FUNDS.

    Section 313 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 439a) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a)'' after the section designation;
            (2) by striking ``political party;'' through the end of the 
        paragraph and inserting ``political party.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) The authorized committee of a Senator or Representative in, 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, or candidate for, the Congress, 
may not make any contribution, either directly or indirectly, to any 
other Senator or Representative in, Delegate or Resident Commissioner 
to, the Congress, or, to any State or local elected official or any 
candidate (or any authorized committee for the candidate) for such 
office, including contributions that are in any way earmarked or 
otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit (including any 
political committee) to the Senator, Representative, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, or candidate.''.

SEC. 15. POLITICAL COMMITTEE POSTAL RATES.

    Subsection (e) of section 3626 of title 39, United States Code, is 
repealed.

SEC. 16. SOFT MONEY.

    (a) Prohibition.--Section 315(d) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(d)), as 
amended by section 6(c), is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
    ``(5) A State committee of a political party, including any 
subordinate committee of a political party, may not make any 
expenditure in connection with the general election campaign of any 
candidate for President of the United States who is affiliated with 
such party.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by 
repealing clauses (x) and (xii) of paragraph (8)(B) and clauses (viii) 
and (ix) of paragraph (9)(B).
    (c) Application of FECA to Committees of Political Parties.--
Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 6(b), is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(k)(1) Any amount solicited, received or spent by a national, 
State, or local committee of a political party, directly or indirectly, 
shall be subject to the provisions of this Act, if such amount is 
solicited, received or spent in connection with a Federal election. No 
part of such amount may be allocated to a non-Federal account or 
otherwise maintained in, or paid from, an account that is not subject 
to this Act. This section shall not apply to amounts described in 
section 301(b)(9)(B)(viii).
    ``(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term `in connection with 
a Federal election' includes any activity that may affect a Federal 
election including but not limited to the following:
            ``(A) voter registration and get out the vote activities;
            ``(B) generic activities, including but not limited to any 
        broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, mail, or similar 
        type of communication or public advertising; and
            ``(C) campaign materials which identify a federal 
        candidate, regardless of any other candidate who may also be 
        identified.''.

SEC. 17. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION REFORM.

    (a) Membership.--Section 306(a)(1) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437e(a)(1)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``6 members'' and inserting ``7 members''; 
        and
            (2) by amending the last sentence to read as follows: ``No 
        more than 4 members of the Commission appointed under this 
        paragraph may be affiliated with the same political party, and 
        such appointments shall be made in a manner to assure that the 
        same political party shall not have 4 or more members 
        affiliated with such party on such Commission for two 
        succeeding years.''.
    (b) Terms.--Section 306(a)(2) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(2)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(2)(A) Members of the Commission shall serve for terms of 7 
years, except that of the members appointed after April 30, 1993--
            ``(i) one of the two members appointed for the term 
        beginning May 1, 1995, shall be appointed for a term of 6 
        years;
            ``(ii) one of the two members appointed for the term 
        beginning May 1, 1997, shall be appointed for a term of 6 
        years; and
            ``(iii) one of the two members appointed for the term 
        beginning May 1, 1999, shall be appointed for a term of 6 
        years.
    ``(B) One additional member of the Commission shall be appointed 
for a term beginning May 1, 1993, and shall be appointed for a term of 
5 years.''.

SEC. 18. FRANKED MAIL.

    (a) Title 39, United States Code.--Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, 
United States Code is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``60 days'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``6 months'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``60 days'' and 
        inserting ``6 months''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (E), by--
                    (A) inserting ``, town meeting notices, opinion 
                surveys,'' after ``news-letters''; and
                    (B) striking ``five hundred'' and inserting 
                ``250''.
    (b) Senate Rules.--Paragraph 1 of Rule 40 of the Standing Rules of 
the Senate is amended by striking ``sixty days'' and inserting ``6 
months''.

SEC. 19. ONE CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE ALLOWED.

    (a) Definition.--Section 301(6) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(6)) is 
amended by inserting ``, other than a candidate for the office of 
Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, 
the Congress,'' after ``a candidate''.
    (b) Organization of Committees.--Section 302 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
432(e)) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)(1) by inserting ``, other than a 
        candidate for the office of Senator or Representative in, or 
        Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress,'' after ``A 
        candidate''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(j) Notwithstanding any other law, no candidate for the office of 
Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to 
the Congress shall have any authorized committee or campaign committee 
other than one committee which shall be the principal campaign 
committee for such individual.''.

SEC. 20. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act or any amendment made by this Act, or 
the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance is 
held invalid, the validity of any other such provision and the 
application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall 
not be affected thereby.

SEC. 21. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act and 
the amendments made by this Act shall become effective for any election 
held in 1994 or thereafter.
    (b) Immediate Effectiveness.--The amendments made by sections 3, 7, 
8, and 9 shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act.

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