[Congressional Bills 103th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2344 Referral Instructions Senate (RIS)]

103d CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2344

                          [Report No. 103-328]

 To authorize appropriations for the National Science Foundation, and 
                          for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

               August 1 (legislative day, July 20), 1994

Mr. Kennedy (for himself, Mr. Rockefeller, Ms. Mikulski, Mr. Bingaman, 
 Mr. Dodd, and Mr. Pell) introduced the following bill; which was read 
    twice and referred to the Committee on Labor and Human Resources

               August 9 (legislative day, August 8), 1994

               Reported by Mr. Kennedy, without amendment

                            August 11, 1994

  Referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
 pursuant to the order of March 3, 1988, for not to exceed 30 session 
                                  days

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To authorize appropriations for the National Science Foundation, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 1994''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
            (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' has the meaning given 
        such term under section 2 of the National Science Foundation 
        Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
            (2) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' has the meaning 
        given such term under section 2 of the National Science 
        Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
            (3) Board.--The term ``Board'' has the meaning given such 
        term under section 4 of the National Science Foundation Act of 
        1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
            (4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 1201(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1088(a)).
            (5) Native american.--The term ``Native American'' means--
                    (A) an Indian, as defined in section 4(d) of the 
                Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
                (25 U.S.C. 450b(d)); and
                    (B) an Alaska Native, within the meaning provided 
                for the term ``Native'' in section 3(b) of the Alaska 
                Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b)).
            (7) Native hawaiian.--The term ``Native Hawaiian'' has the 
        meaning given such term in section 815(3) of the Native 
        American Programs Act (42 U.S.C. 2992c(3)).
            (8) Pacific islander.--The term ``Pacific Islander'' means 
        a Pacific Islander within the meaning of the Native American 
        Programs Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 2991 et seq.).
            (9) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the 
        several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the 
        Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other 
        territory or possession of the United States.

           TITLE I--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION

SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
            (1) with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of 
        communism, the focus of Federal science and technology policy 
        has shifted away from the national military security toward the 
        national economic security;
            (2) support for fundamental research must be part of an 
        integrated Federal investment strategy to stimulate the 
        creation of new knowledge and new technologies that in turn 
        lead to new employment opportunities, greater economic 
        security, and an improved quality of life for all citizens of 
        the United States;
            (3) investments in fundamental research must be increased 
        so that such research not only increases the base of knowledge, 
        but also contributes effectively to specific strategic national 
        goals;
            (4) the education and training of citizens of the United 
        States, particularly citizens who are underrepresented in 
        science and engineering, must be strengthened so that such 
        citizens can work and prosper in the present and future high-
        technology society; and
            (5) as the primary supporter of fundamental research and 
        education in the universities of the United States, the 
        Foundation must be at the center of the science and technology 
        policy of the United States.
    (b) Objectives.--In carrying out its mission, the Foundation 
shall--
            (1) provide national leadership for a research and 
        education enterprise that contributes new knowledge and 
        educates people to assist in meeting national needs;
            (2) reach out to individuals from all walks of life and all 
        sectors of society to broaden the base of participation in 
        science, engineering, and technology, and help create a 
        scientifically literate society;
            (3) maintain an organizational structure that responds 
        quickly and effectively to challenges and opportunities 
        generated in the new world order, while sustaining a research 
        and education enterprise that is committed to excellence;
            (4) stimulate and support emerging areas of research that 
        may extend beyond existing disciplinary boundaries;
            (5) promote new modes of cooperation among the universities 
        of the United States and the private sector in order to improve 
        education, to stimulate research advances, and to exploit 
        research results for productive use;
            (6) develop and strengthen partnerships and working 
        relationships with other Federal agencies, State and local 
        governments, and the private sector, and participate fully to 
        shape and implement an integrated national science and 
        technology investment strategy;
            (7) lead a national effort to modernize the academic 
        infrastructure of laboratory instrumentation and facilities of 
        the United States, and to maintain such infrastructure at an 
        adequate level to support excellence in research and education; 
        and
            (8) evaluate the effectiveness of the programs and 
        initiatives of the Foundation in research and education 
        according to performance-based milestones that measure progress 
        toward identified national goals.
    (c) Special Rule.--The investments of the Foundation in the 
improvement of the economic competitiveness of the United States shall 
be in accordance with the functions of the Foundation as specified by 
the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.). 
The Foundation may accomplish such investments through the Foundation's 
support of basic scientific research and science education and of 
research fundamental to the engineering process and engineering 
education.
    (d) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to authorize the programs 
of the Foundation at a level of funding and authority sufficient to 
carry out the objectives of the Foundation.
    (e) Fiscal Year 1995.--For the following categories, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for fiscal year 1995 
the following sums:
            (1) Research and related activities, $2,348,700,000.
            (2) Education and human resources activities, $605,974,000.
            (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
        $300,000,000.
            (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
            (5) Salaries and expenses, $130,720,000.
            (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
        $5,200,000.
            (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,380,000.
    (f) Fiscal Year 1996.--For the following categories, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for fiscal year 1996 
the following amounts:
            (1) Research and related activities, $2,583,600,000.
            (2) Education and human resources activities, $644,600,000.
            (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
        $400,000,000.
            (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
            (5) Salaries and expenses, $135,900,000.
            (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
        $5,200,000.
            (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,500,000.
    (g) Fiscal Year 1997.--For the following categories, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for fiscal year 1997 
the following amounts:
            (1) Research and related activities, $2,842,000,000.
            (2) Education and human resources activities, $709,000,000.
            (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
        $500,000,000.
            (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
            (5) Salaries and expenses, $141,300,000.
            (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
        $5,200,000.
            (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,620,000.
    (h) Fiscal Year 1998.--For the following categories, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for fiscal year 1998 
the following amounts:
            (1) Research and related activities, $3,126,000,000.
            (2) Education and human resources activities, $780,000,000.
            (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
        $500,000,000.
            (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
            (5) Salaries and expenses, $147,000,000.
            (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
        $5,200,000.
            (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,750,000.
    (i) Fiscal Year 1999.--For the following categories, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for fiscal year 1999 
the following amounts:
            (1) Research and related activities, $3,439,000,000.
            (2) Education and human resources activities, $858,000,000.
            (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
        $500,000,000.
            (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
            (5) Salaries and expenses, $152,700,000.
            (6) Office of Inspector General, $4,880,000.
    (j) Funding Priorities.--In allocating funds authorized under 
subsections (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i), the Foundation shall give 
priority to meeting the goals and objectives of the Foundation through 
the support of basic research and education in the strategic areas 
authorized under title II.
    (k) Critical Technologies Institute.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Critical Technologies Institute $2,500,000 for 
fiscal year 1995, and $4,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 
through 1999.

SEC. 102. CONSULTATION AND REPRESENTATION EXPENSES.

    From appropriations made under authorizations provided in this Act, 
not more than $10,000 may be used in each fiscal year for official 
consultation, representation, or other extraordinary expenses at the 
discretion of, and as determined by, the Director. The determination of 
the Director with respect to such expenses shall be final and 
conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Government.

SEC. 103. STRATEGIC PLAN.

    (a) Plan.--Section 3(f) of the National Science Foundation Act of 
1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) The Foundation shall prepare and submit to the President an 
annual strategic plan that shall be submitted by the Director to the 
Congress at the time of the President's annual budget submission. The 
strategic plan shall--
            ``(1) define the overall goals for the Foundation and 
        specific goals for each major cross-directorate strategic 
        research and education initiative;
            ``(2) describe how the identified goals relate to national 
        needs and will exploit new opportunities in science and 
        technology;
            ``(3) contain a plan for the organization and management of 
        each cross-directorate strategic research and education 
        initiative that is consistent with title II;
            ``(4) identify the criteria and describe the procedures 
        that the Foundation will use to assess progress toward 
        achieving the goals identified in accordance with paragraphs 
        (1) and (2);
            ``(5) review the activities of the Foundation during the 
        preceding year that have contributed toward the achievement of 
        the goals identified in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2), 
        and summarize planned activities for the 3 years succeeding the 
        submission of such report in the context of the identified 
        goals, with particular emphasis on the Foundation's planned 
        contributions to major multiagency research and education 
        initiatives;
            ``(6) contain such recommendations as the Foundation 
        considers appropriate; and
            ``(7) include information on the acquisition and 
        disposition by the Foundation of any patents and patent rights 
        and licensing agreements.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 107 of the Education for 
Economic Security Act is repealed (20 U.S.C. 3917).

SEC. 104. MAJOR RESEARCH EQUIPMENT.

    No funds appropriated under this title for the purposes of funding 
any project that involves the construction, acquisition, or procurement 
of new major research equipment or construction necessary for upgrading 
the capabilities of existing major research equipment, for which the 
estimated cost to the Foundation for the construction, acquisition, 
upgrading or procurement of the major research equipment exceeds 
$25,000,000, shall be obligated for any grant, contract, subcontract, 
or cooperative agreement unless the funds are specifically approved by 
the National Science Board. This section shall not apply to major 
research equipment projects approved by the National Science Board 
prior to June 30, 1994.

SEC. 105. INDIRECT COSTS.

    None of the funds in this Act may be used to reimburse grantees for 
indirect costs at an amount that differs from the amount that would 
result from procedures in use by Federal agencies on June 1, 1994, or 
from Office of Management and Budget Circular A-21, as published in the 
Federal Register on July 26, 1993, on pages 39996 through 39999.

          TITLE II--RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN STRATEGIC AREAS

SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``National Science Foundation 
Strategic Research and Education Authorization Act of 1994''.

SEC. 202. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Strategic research and education investments should 
        support discovery, integration, dissemination, and application 
        of knowledge in areas of clear strategic importance to the 
        United States and where national goals have been identified.
            (2) Investments in strategic areas require the 
        contributions of many scientific and engineering disciplines to 
        address complex problems important to the United States.
            (3) Strong links must be developed and maintained between 
        strategic research and education investments made by the 
        Foundation and related efforts supported by the public and 
        private sectors.
            (4) The results of investments in strategic research and 
        education must be evaluated according to performance-based 
        milestones that measure progress toward the national goals 
        identified for such investments, and this progress must guide 
        the future investment strategy.
            (5) For fiscal year 1995, the Foundation has proposed the 
        following strategic initiatives:
                    (A) Advanced manufacturing technology.
                    (B) Advanced materials and processing.
                    (C) Biotechnology.
                    (D) Civil infrastructure systems.
                    (E) Global change research.
                    (F) Environmental research.
                    (G) High performance computing and communications.
                    (H) Science, mathematics, engineering, and 
                technology education.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this title to strengthen the 
Foundation's investment in fundamental research and education and 
training programs in a variety of strategic areas.

SEC. 203. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Manufacturing is fundamental to the strength of the 
        economy of the United States.
            (2) Continuing development of manufacturing technology, 
        management, and education, including environmentally conscious 
        manufacturing, will be essential for the future economic 
        security of the United States.
            (3) The Foundation should support an integrated initiative 
        in research and education, emphasizing interdisciplinary 
        research and innovative partnerships among the academic 
        community, industry, and government, to develop the advanced 
        technologies, processes, and practices, that will enable high-
        performance manufacturing in the 21st century.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate advanced manufacturing technology 
initiative that complements the efforts of other government agencies 
and the private sector. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based 
awards shall be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers 
to support research and education activities that will accelerate the 
development and application of advanced manufacturing technologies to 
meet national needs.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $213,170,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $253,670,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $301,870,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $359,230,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $427,480,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 204. ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Advances in materials have made dramatic improvements 
        in the capabilities, potential, reliability, and limitations of 
        technology over the past several decades, and further 
        investment promises to enable progress across a broad range of 
        technological areas important to build a more productive 
        economy and improve the quality of life.
            (2) The Foundation should support interdisciplinary 
        research and education to develop new materials and processing 
        technologies for such materials in a way that couples academic 
        materials research effectively with potential users of research 
        results in materials-dependent industries.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate advanced materials and processing 
initiative that complements the efforts of the Advanced Research 
Projects Agency, other government agencies, and the private sector. 
Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to 
individuals, small groups, and research centers to support research and 
education activities that will accelerate the development and 
application of new research results that can be applied toward a 
variety of national needs.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $313,180,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $344,500,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $378,950,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $416,840,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $458,530,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 205. BIOTECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) By the year 2000, the biotechnology industry is 
        projected to have sales reaching $50,000,000,000 in the United 
        States, with the potential for thousands of new jobs, and 
        renewed economic growth if the United States maintains its 
        leadership in such industry.
            (2) The Foundation should invest in a research and 
        education initiative, supporting a wide range of areas 
        including environmental biotechnology, bioprocessing, 
        bioconversion, plant biotechnology, marine biotechnology, the 
        social and economic dimensions of biotechnology, and 
        infrastructure-building in instrumentation, databases, research 
        resources, and training.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate biotechnology research initiative that 
complements the efforts of other government agencies and the private 
sector. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be 
made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to support 
research and education activities that--
            (1) will extend the scientific and technical foundations 
        necessary for progress in biotechnology;
            (2) ensure the development of human resource foundations;
            (3) accelerate the transfer of biotechnology research 
        discoveries to commercial applications and eliminate 
        unnecessary barriers to commercialization; and
            (4) realize the benefits of biotechnology to the health and 
        well-being of the population and the protection and restoration 
        of the environment.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $205,690,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $230,370,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $258,020,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $288,980,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $323,660,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 206. CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) The economic security and quality of life for United 
        States citizens depend on the vitality of the national civil 
        infrastructure.
            (2) There is an urgent need to rebuild obsolete and 
        deteriorated civil infrastructure systems, but the cost may be 
        prohibitive without innovations in materials, construction 
        automation, nondestructive evaluation methods, strategic 
        management and maintenance, design based on total system 
        performance, safety and reliability, adaptive functionality, 
        and evaluation of socioeconomic impacts.
            (3) The Foundation should invest in an interdisciplinary, 
        systems-oriented research and education program that can 
        effectively address the challenge of intelligent infrastructure 
        renewal.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate civil infrastructure systems initiative 
that complements the efforts of other government agencies and the 
private sector. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards 
shall be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to 
support research and education activities that will support the 
development and application of new scientific and engineering knowledge 
in such areas as deterioration science, assessment technologies, 
renewal engineering, and institutional effectiveness and productivity.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $54,100,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $64,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $77,900,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $93,480,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $112,180,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 207. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Global change research provides the foundation for 
        understanding and evaluating the changing world, and encourages 
        wise decisions for the future of the United States and the 
        international community.
            (2) The global change research and education initiative of 
        the Foundation should be coordinated with the interagency 
        Global Change Research Program and should seek to--
                    (A) develop options for increasing the 
                sustainability of human communities and protecting the 
                environment; and
                    (B) support national and international policy 
                formulation and evaluation.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate global change research initiative that 
complements the efforts of the interagency Global Change Research 
Program. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be 
made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to support 
research and education activities that will advance fundamental 
understandings of dynamic physical, biological, and socioeconomic 
systems and the interactions among such systems, and the likelihood and 
extent of possible global change.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $190,520,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $200,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $210,050,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $220,550,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $231,580,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 208. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Today, the Federal Government spends an estimated 
        $6,000,000,000 on environmental research and development, yet 
        environmental problems persist and new problems emerge that 
        endanger the quality of life.
            (2) Federally supported environmental research must be 
        coupled more closely to environmental policy in order to focus 
        the research on critical policy questions and to enable 
        decisionmakers to take advantage of the most recent, highest 
        quality research results.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--The Director is authorized to establish a 
        cross-directorate environmental research initiative that 
        complements the efforts of other government agencies and the 
        private sector. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based 
        awards shall be made to individuals, small groups, and research 
        centers to support research and education activities that will 
        focus on such topics as--
                    (A) research on the effects of biodiversity on the 
                health of ecosystems;
                    (B) infrastructure support for biological field 
                stations;
                    (C) environmental education;
                    (D) computer modeling of changing environmental 
                conditions; and
                    (E) research on new technologies for pollution 
                prevention and environmental remediation, and 
                environmentally benign chemical synthesis and 
                processing.
            (2) Establishment of a national environmental research 
        program.--As part of the environmental research initiative 
        authorized under paragraph (1), the Director is authorized to 
        establish a National Environmental Research Program to include 
        the following components:
                    (A) National environmental research forum.--The 
                Director is authorized to establish a National 
                Environmental Research Forum composed of 
                representatives of the private sector, including 
                industrial consortia, scientific and engineering 
                societies and associations, nongovernmental 
                organizations, the Foundation, and other relevant 
                Federal agencies for the purpose of developing an 
                environmental research agenda that will be 
                scientifically significant, be relevant from a 
                sociopolitical point of view, will have a direct 
                connection to the knowledge needs of managers and 
                others whose decisions have environmental consequences, 
                and will use risk-benefit criteria to assign priorities 
                on the research agenda.
                    (B) National environmental research centers.--The 
                Director, with the cooperation of other Federal 
                agencies, is authorized to establish, through a 
                competitive, merit-based review process, one or more 
                National Centers for Environmental Research to conduct 
                multidisciplinary research that responds to the 
                information needs of, and the research agenda 
                established by, the National Environmental Research 
                Forum.
                    (C) National environmental fellowship program.--The 
                Director, with the cooperation of other relevant 
                Federal agencies, is authorized to establish, through a 
                competitive, merit-based process, a fellowship program 
                to provide support for personnel exchanges between 
                academic institutions, Federal, State, and local 
                agencies, industry and industrial consortia, and other 
                private sector organizations concerned with information 
                needs and responsibilities for environmental 
                decisionmaking.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available not more than--
            (1) $156,040,000 for fiscal year 1995, of which not more 
        than $20,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
        Research Program;
            (2) $171,640,000 for fiscal year 1996, of which not more 
        than $30,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
        Research Program;
            (3) $188,810,000 for fiscal year 1997, of which not more 
        than $40,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
        Research Program;
            (4) $207,690,000 for fiscal year 1998, of which not more 
        than $50,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
        Research Program; and
            (5) $228,460,000 for fiscal year 1999, of which not more 
        than $60,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
        Research Program.

SEC. 209. HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) High performance computing and communications promote 
        sharing of information, wide dissemination of advances in 
        innovative technologies, and improved productivity and 
        industrial competitiveness.
            (2) In addition to supporting innovative research and 
        education, the investments of the Foundation in high 
        performance computing and communications should--
                    (A) support the National Information Infrastructure 
                through application-driven research including proof-of-
                principle demonstrations;
                    (B) develop, provide, and support national research 
                and education networking services and capabilities; and
                    (C) make advanced computing, communications, and 
                information infrastructure accessible to the broadest 
                possible segment of society.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate high performance computing and 
communications initiative under which competitive, merit-based awards 
shall be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to 
support research and education activities that will focus on such 
issues as--
            (1) the expansion and technological development of the 
        National Science Foundation Computer Network (NSFNET);
            (2) support for existing supercomputer and research 
        centers;
            (3) Grand Challenge and National Challenge application 
        groups;
            (4) research infrastructure;
            (5) disciplinary high performance computing research 
        programs; and
            (6) education and training.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $328,620,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $345,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $362,300,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $380,420,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $399,440,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 210. SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) In international comparisons, the United States ranks 
        below most other developed nations in science and mathematics.
            (2) The United States will need a broadly competent, 
        scientifically literate workforce in order to sustain a strong 
        and productive economy in the coming decades.
            (3) The Foundation is the appropriate agency to lead an 
        interagency initiative to support innovative approaches to 
        improve science, mathematics, engineering, and technology 
        education at all levels so that all citizens of the United 
        States can work in and enjoy the benefits of the rapidly 
        changing, high-technology economy.
    (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is authorized to 
establish a cross-directorate science, mathematics, engineering, and 
technology education initiative under which competitive, merit-based 
awards shall be made, in cooperation with the Department of Education 
and other relevant Federal agencies, States and local government, 
institutions of higher education, and the private sector, to 
individuals, small groups, and centers to support research and 
education activities that fundamentally will reform and improve the 
mathematics and science education enterprise of the United States at 
all levels of education.
    (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under 
section 101, the Director shall make available, to carry out this 
section, not more than--
            (1) $650,190,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $715,210,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $786,730,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $865,400,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $951,940,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 211. ADDITIONAL STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

    The Director, with the advice and consent of the Board and in 
consultation with the Office of Science and Technology Policy, is 
authorized to support, modify, and as, appropriate, add or eliminate 
strategic initiatives in research and education based on emerging 
national needs and the ability of science and engineering to contribute 
in meaningful and significant ways toward identified national needs and 
objectives.

SEC. 212. SUPPORT FOR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

    To support the strategic initiatives authorized by this title, the 
Director shall make available not more than--
            (1) $1,760,400,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            (2) $1,936,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            (3) $2,130,600,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            (4) $2,343,600,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
            (5) $2,578,200,000 for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 213. TRANSFER AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Funds may be transferred among directorates and 
strategic initiatives within the research and related activities 
category so long as the net funds transferred to or from any 
directorate or initiative does not exceed 10 percent of the amount 
budgeted for that directorate or strategic initiative.
    (b) Transfers Exceeding Ten Percent.--In addition, the Director may 
propose transfer to or from any directorate or strategic initiative 
within the research and related activities category an amount exceeding 
10 percent of the amount budgeted for that directorate or strategic 
initiative. An explanation of any such proposed transfer must be 
transmitted in writing to the Committees on Labor and Human Resources 
and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives. The proposed transfer may not be made until 30 
calendar days after the date of the transmission of the written 
explanation.

                     TITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. AMENDMENTS TO THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH FACILITIES MODERNIZATION 
              ACT OF 1988.

    (a) Authorization.--Section 203(a)(1) of the Academic Research 
Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862b(a)(1)) is amended 
to read as follows:
    ``(a)(1) To carry out this title, the Director shall establish a 
new Academic Research Instrumentation and Facilities Modernization 
Program (hereafter in this title referred to as the ``Program'') to 
provide awards to institutions of higher education, independent 
nonprofit research institutions, and research museums, and consortia 
thereof, to carry out projects with respect to--
            ``(A) the acquisition of research instrumentation; or
            ``(B) the repair, renovation, or, in exceptional cases, 
        replacement of obsolete science and engineering facilities that 
        are primarily used for research.''.
    (b) Program Projects.--Section 203(b)(1) of the Academic Research 
Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862b(b)(1)) is amended 
to read as follows:
    ``(b)(1) The Program shall be carried out through projects--
            ``(1) that involve--
                    ``(A) acquisition of state-of-the-art research 
                instrumentation; or
                    ``(B) the repair, renovation, or, in exceptional 
                cases, replacement of specific science and engineering 
                facilities of the entities that are devoted primarily 
                to research; and
            ``(2) for which funds are awarded in response to specific 
        proposals submitted by the entities in accordance with grant 
        requirements prescribed by the Director under section 204.''.
    (c) Procedures.--Section 204(a)(2)(C) of the Academic Research 
Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862c(a)(2)(C)) is 
amended by striking ``but at least 30 percent'' and inserting ``but at 
least 20 percent''.
    (d) Set-Aside for Certain Institutions.--Section 205 of the 
Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
1862d) is amended by striking ``at least 12 percent'' and inserting 
``not more than 20 percent''.

SEC. 302. AMENDMENTS TO THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES 
              ACT.

    (a) Opportunities for Students.--Section 32 of the Science and 
Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c)(1) The Congress finds that Native Hawaiian students, students 
who are Pacific Islanders, and Native American students are 
underrepresented in science, computer science, and engineering. Such 
students face both cultural barriers to the study of science and 
geographical isolation.
    ``(2) The Director is authorized to make awards to institutions of 
higher education, including community colleges, and local educational 
agencies to work in partnership with community organizations to develop 
and implement science, computer science, technology, and mathematics 
curricula that--
            ``(A) are in accord with the traditional cultural values of 
        the students described in paragraph (1);
            ``(B) emphasize the scientific achievements of the native 
        cultures of such students; and
            ``(C) encourage enrollment of such students in higher 
        education.''.
    (b) Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Technology.--
Section 36 of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 
U.S.C. 1885c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``individuals with 
        disabilities,'' after ``minorities,'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence and 
        inserting the following: ``The Chairpersons of relevant 
        committees or subcommittees of the National Science Board, as 
        designated by the Chairperson of the Board, shall be ex officio 
        members of the Committee.'';
            (3) by striking subsections (c) and (d);
            (4) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively;
            (5) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(c) The Committee shall be responsible for reviewing and 
evaluating all Foundation matters as such matters relate to 
participation in, opportunities for, and advancement in education, 
training, and research in science and engineering of members of 
underrepresented groups.''; and
            (6) in subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph (4)), 
        by striking ``additional''.

SEC. 303. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS.

    (a) Cooperative Projects With Latin America Grants.--
            (1) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
                    (A) The recent lowering of trade barriers will 
                increase the exchange of technologies and technically 
                trained personnel with the countries of Latin America.
                    (B) To promote such exchange, scientists from the 
                United States should establish cooperative projects in 
                scientific and engineering research with scientists in 
                the countries of Latin America.
            (2) Authority.--The Director is authorized to make grants 
        to organizations within the United States, including colleges 
        and universities, for the purpose of promoting cooperative 
        research projects between scientists in the United States and 
        scientists in Latin American organizations. Prior to making any 
        grants under this section, the Director shall make a 
        determination that--
                    (A) the project has scientific merit as determined 
                by standard Foundation procedures;
                    (B) the project will encourage the development of 
                infrastructure connections between cooperating 
                institutions that can be used in support of future 
                projects; and
                    (C) at least 50 percent of the funding for the 
                project will be provided by the Latin American partner.
            (3) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for 
        each of the fiscal years 1995, and such sums as may be 
        necessary for each of the succeeding 3 fiscal years.
            (4) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Director shall coordinate with Federal agencies, such as the 
        Agency for International Development, which have expertise in 
        cooperative international projects.
    (b) U.S.-Newly Independent States Collaborative Research Program.--
            (1) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
                    (A) The dissolution of the Soviet Union has been 
                accompanied by economic dislocation in the Russian 
                Federation and the other republics. As a result, 
                scientific establishments have been seriously and 
                adversely affected.
                    (B) United States support for emerging democratic 
                institutions in the newly independent states can be 
                greatly enhanced by assisting in the development of a 
                sound economic structure. A productive economy must be 
                sustained by a healthy scientific and technological 
                infrastructure.
                    (C) Despite their difficult environment, scientists 
                in the newly independent states are world experts in 
                selected fields. Collaborative research can benefit all 
                international partners, including the United States.
                    (D) The newly independent states are faced with the 
                imminent dissolution of the scientific and 
                technological infrastructure of such states and the 
                emigration of the best scientists and engineers of such 
                states. Loss of the most highly educated and trained 
                citizens will greatly impede development of democratic 
                institutions and private enterprise within the region.
                    (E) Modest external resources can be leveraged to 
                provide a significant source of support for scientists 
                and engineers in the newly independent states, engaged 
                in both civilian and defense related research, most of 
                whom do not wish to leave their homelands.
                    (F) The United States has long recognized that 
                effective communication between the research and 
                industrial communities is necessary for both to remain 
                healthy and can be achieved through collaborative 
                research projects. Scientists and entrepreneurs in the 
                emerging republics have little understanding or 
                experience with commercial business practice. These 
                skills can best be developed through cooperative 
                arrangements with United States counterparts.
                    (G) Collaborative research with the scientific 
                community can sustain excellence while encouraging the 
                transition toward democratization and practical 
                application and transfer of research efforts to the 
                emerging private sector. Such collaboration links 
                United States researchers and businesses to highly 
                trained personnel and sophisticated new technologies 
                and manufacturing processes.
                    (H) The most effective kind of support would--
                            (i) be mutually beneficial to the both 
                        United States and the Newly Independent States 
                        scientists and engineers;
                            (ii) take advantage of existing 
                        relationships, special expertise, and unique 
                        research facilities in the newly independent 
                        states;
                            (iii) provide salary support to scientists 
                        and engineers in the Newly Independent States 
                        working on collaborative projects; and
                            (iv) provide support within the next 6 to 
                        12 months.
            (2) Establishment of Program.--The Director is authorized 
        to establish a cross-directorate program between the United 
        States and the Newly Independent States under which 
        competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to individuals, 
        small groups, and research centers to support collaborative 
        research efforts between scientists and engineers from the 
        United States and the Newly Independent States. Options for 
        support should include--
                    (A) supplements to existing National Science 
                Foundation research centers including Engineering 
                Research Centers, Science and Technology Centers, 
                Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers, and 
                Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers, to 
                establish collaborative research programs with 
                counterpart institutions in the Newly Independent 
                States;
                    (B) collaborative research in the strategic areas 
                such as environmental research, advanced materials, and 
                related disciplines with awards and supplements made to 
                United States institutions to develop joint research 
                projects to gain access to specialized and unique 
                facilities in the Newly Independent States;
                    (C) supplement existing individual investigator 
                research awards that would identify promising 
                opportunities for scientific and technological 
                collaboration with scientists and engineers in the 
                Newly Independent States; and
                    (D) special awards to support coordination and 
                cooperative planning activities to improve 
                communication and the development of long-term 
                interactions between scientists and engineers in the 
                United States and the Newly Independent States.
            (3) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director $10,000,000 for fiscal year 
        1995, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, $30,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 1997, $40,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, and $50,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1999.

SEC. 304. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH.

    (a) Authority.--The Director shall continue to carry out the 
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (hereafter 
referred to in this section as the ``Program'') to award research 
grants to entities that are located in States that--
            (1) historically have received relatively little Federal 
        research and development funding; and
            (2) have demonstrated a commitment to develop the research 
        bases of such States and improve science and engineering 
        research and education programs within such States.
    (b) Eligibility.--Entities in those States in which awards have 
been made under the Program shall be eligible to compete for support 
under the Program provided that the State provides assurances of 
matching funds and submits a proposal consistent with the goals and 
objectives of the program as established by the Director. All awards 
made by the Director shall be based on a competitive, merit-based 
review process.

SEC. 305. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING FELLOWS PROGRAM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) maintaining an economically competitive workforce 
        requires high quality undergraduate education in science, 
        mathematics, and engineering, not only for students who will 
        specialize in those fields, but for all undergraduate students; 
        and
            (2) demonstrated excellence in providing such education is 
        frequently not recognized appropriately.
    (b) Definitions.--As used in this section:
            (1) Department.--The term ``department'' means the 
        department--
                    (A) located at the institution where a fellow is a 
                faculty member; and
                    (B) in which such fellow is assigned to provide 
                instruction to undergraduate students in a subject area 
                under the jurisdiction of the department.
            (2) Fellow.--The term ``fellow'' means an individual who is 
        selected as a fellow under paragraph (5) of subsection (d).
            (3) Interdisciplinary program.--The term 
        ``interdisciplinary program'' means an instructional program 
        that--
                    (A) combines members of two or more of the 
                traditional academic departments; and
                    (B) is empowered to recommend members of its 
                faculty for tenure.
    (c) Designation of Fellows.--Individuals receiving awards under 
this section shall be known as ``National Undergraduate Teaching 
Fellows''.
    (d) Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Director is authorized to--
                    (A) select annually individuals who are faculty 
                members teaching undergraduate courses at institutions 
                of higher education to be teaching fellows;
                    (B) award fellowships to such individuals to carry 
                out projects described in paragraph (3); and
                    (C) make grants to the departments or 
                interdisciplinary programs of the institutions where 
                the fellows are faculty members to carry out the 
                activity described in paragraph (3).
            (2) Amount of fellowships and grants.--
                    (A) Fellow.--The Director is authorized to award a 
                fellowship in the amount of at least $100,000 over 3 
                years to each fellow to carry out the projects 
                described in paragraph (3).
                    (B) Department.--The Director is authorized to make 
                a grant in the amount of at least $60,000 over 3 years 
                to the department or interdisciplinary program of the 
                institution where each fellow is a faculty member.
            (3) Authorized activities.--Amounts awarded under paragraph 
        (2) shall be used--
                    (A) in the case of a fellowship awarded to a 
                fellow, to carry out projects to improve undergraduate 
                science, mathematics, or engineering education; and
                    (B) in the case of a grant made to the department 
                or interdisciplinary program of an institution where a 
                fellow is a faculty member, for the improvement of 
                undergraduate education.
            (4) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a fellowship or 
        grant under this title, an individual described in paragraph 
        (1)(A) shall--
                    (A) be nominated by the institution where such 
                individual is a faculty member;
                    (B) hold a tenure track appointment in such 
                institution; and
                    (C) submit to the Director a written proposal, with 
                respect to the improvement of undergraduate education 
                at such institution, at such time, in such manner, and 
                accompanied by such information as the Director may 
                reasonably require.
            (5) Selection requirements.--The Director shall select a 
        fellow on the basis of the--
                    (A) performance of such fellow in improving 
                undergraduate education at the institution where such 
                fellow is a faculty member;
                    (B) proposal submitted under paragraph (4); and
                    (C) excellence of such fellow as an undergraduate 
                teacher.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1995, $3,000,000 for fiscal 
year 1996, and $4,500,000 for each of the succeeding fiscal years to 
carry out this section.

SEC. 306. ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS.

    (a) National Science Foundation Act of 1950 Amendments.--
            (1) National science board.--Section 4(e) of the National 
        Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863(e)) is amended 
        by striking the second and third sentences and inserting the 
        following: ``The Board shall adopt procedures governing the 
        conduct of its meetings, including procedures with respect to 
        the requirements of a quorum and the delivery of notice of 
        meetings to members of the Board.''.
            (2) Director of the foundation.--Section 5(e)(2) of the 
        National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1864(e)(2)) 
        is amended to read as follows:
    ``(2) Any delegation of authority or imposition of conditions under 
paragraph (1) shall be promptly published in the Federal Register and 
reported to the Committees on Labor and Human Resources and Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.''.
            (3) Miscellaneous provisions.--Section 14 of the National 
        Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1873) is amended by 
        striking subsection (j).
            (4) Security provisions.--Section 15(a) of the National 
        Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1874(a)) is amended 
        by striking ``Atomic Energy Commission'' and inserting 
        ``Secretary of Energy''.
    (b) National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 
Amendments.--Section 117(a)(1)(B)(v) of the National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 1988 is amended to read as follows:
            ``(v) from schools established outside the several States 
        and the District of Columbia by any agency of the Federal 
        Government for dependents of such employees.''.
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