[Congressional Bills 103th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2105 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

103d CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2105

  To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act and other laws of the 
 United States relating to border security, illegal immigration, alien 
   eligibility for Federal financial benefits and services, criminal 
activity by aliens, alien smuggling, fraudulent document use by aliens, 
           asylum, terrorist aliens, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                 May 11 (legislative day, May 2), 1994

Mrs. Hutchison introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
               referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act and other laws of the 
 United States relating to border security, illegal immigration, alien 
   eligibility for Federal financial benefits and services, criminal 
activity by aliens, alien smuggling, fraudulent document use by aliens, 
           asylum, terrorist aliens, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Illegal Immigration Control Act of 
1994''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
                         TITLE I--INTERDICTION

Sec. 101. Physical barriers.
Sec. 102. Border patrol agents.
Sec. 103. Interior repatriation program.
Sec. 104. Detention facilities.
Sec. 105. Notice to service of port of entry arrivals.
                       TITLE II--ALIEN SMUGGLING

Sec. 201. Expanded forfeiture for smuggling or harboring illegal 
                            aliens.
Sec. 202. Including alien smuggling as a racketeering activity for 
                            purposes of racketeering influenced and 
                            corrupt organizations (RICO) enforcement 
                            authority.
Sec. 203. Enhanced penalties for alien smuggling and for employers who 
                            knowingly employ smuggled aliens.
Sec. 204. Wiretap authority for alien smuggling investigations.
                      TITLE III--INS INVESTIGATORS

Sec. 301. Immigration and Naturalization Service investigators.
                     TITLE IV--GOVERNMENT BENEFITS

Sec. 401. Prohibition of benefits for certain categories of aliens.
Sec. 402. Unemployment benefits.
Sec. 403. Housing benefits.
Sec. 404. Save system.
Sec. 405. Limitation on Federal financial assistance to localities that 
                            refuse to cooperate in the arrest and 
                            deportation of unlawful aliens.
Sec. 406. Uniform vital statistics.
                        TITLE V--CRIMINAL ALIENS

Sec. 501. Authorizing registration of aliens on criminal probation or 
                            criminal parole.
Sec. 502. Expansion in definition of ``aggravated felony''.
Sec. 503. Deportation procedures for certain criminal aliens who are 
                            not permanent residents.
Sec. 504. Judicial deportation.
Sec. 505. Restricting defenses to deportation for certain criminal 
                            aliens.
Sec. 506. Enhancing penalties for failing to depart, or reentering, 
                            after final order of deportation.
Sec. 507. Miscellaneous and technical changes.
Sec. 508. Criminal alien tracking center.
Sec. 509. Prisoner transfer treaty study.
Sec. 510. Expediting criminal alien deportation and exclusion.
Sec. 511. Incarceration of or payment for criminal aliens by the 
                            Federal Government.
                       TITLE VI--TERRORIST ALIENS

Sec. 601. Removal of alien terrorists.
Sec. 602. Membership in a terrorist organization as a basis for 
                            exclusion from the United States under the 
                            Immigration and Nationality Act.
                         TITLE VII--INSPECTIONS

Sec. 701. Preinspection at foreign airports.
Sec. 702. Training of airline personnel in detection of fraudulent 
                            documents.
Sec. 703. Passport and visa offenses penalties improvement.
                           TITLE VIII--ASYLUM

Sec. 801. Inspection and exclusion by immigration officers.
Sec. 802. Asylum.
Sec. 803. Failure to appear for provisional asylum hearing; judicial 
                            review.
Sec. 804. Conforming amendments.
Sec. 805. Effective dates.
                           TITLE IX--FUNDING

Sec. 901. Reduction in overhead costs incurred in federally sponsored 
                            research.

                         TITLE I--INTERDICTION

SEC. 101. PHYSICAL BARRIERS.

    The Attorney General, in consultation with the Commissioner of the 
Immigration and Naturalization Service, shall take action to install 
additional physical barriers at the United States border to deter 
unauthorized crossings in areas of high illegal entry into the United 
States. Such additional barriers shall include barriers similar to 
those in use in the San Diego, California, vicinity.

SEC. 102. BORDER PATROL AGENTS.

    In addition to such amounts as are otherwise authorized to be 
appropriated, there is authorized to be appropriated for each of the 
fiscal years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 for salaries and expenses 
of the Border Patrol such amounts as may be necessary to provide for an 
increase in the number of agents of the Border Patrol by 6,000 full-
time equivalent agent positions (and necessary support personnel 
positions) beyond the number of such positions authorized for the 
Border Patrol as of October 1, 1993.

SEC. 103. INTERIOR REPATRIATION PROGRAM.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Attorney General and the Commissioner of the Immigration and 
Naturalization Service shall develop and implement a program in which 
aliens who previously have illegally entered the United States not less 
than 3 times and are deported or returned to a country contiguous to 
the United States will be returned to locations not less than 500 
kilometers from that country's border with the United States.

SEC. 104. DETENTION FACILITIES.

    (a) Border Detention Facilities.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General and the 
Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service shall take 
appropriate action to increase the capability of the Immigration and 
Naturalization Service to detain individuals who have illegally entered 
the United States at a border area.
    (b) Transfer of Closed Military Bases for Federal Illegal Alien 
Incarceration Facilities.--
            (1) Priority availability to department of justice.--
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a military 
        installation or facility of the Department of Defense to be 
        closed under a base closure law may be made available, as 
        determined by the Attorney General, to the Bureau of Prisons of 
        the Department of Justice for use as a facility for the 
        incarceration of aliens who are subject to exclusion or 
        deportation from the United States.
            (2) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 
        ``base closure law'' means each of the following:
                    (A) The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 
                1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101-510; 10 
                U.S.C. 2687 note).
                    (B) Title II of the Defense Authorization 
                Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act (Public 
                Law 100-526; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note).
                    (C) Section 2687 of title 10, United States Code.
                    (D) Any other similar law enacted after the date of 
                the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 105. NOTICE TO SERVICE OF PORT OF ENTRY ARRIVALS.

    The Attorney General is authorized to require, by regulation, not 
less than 24 hour advance notice to the Immigration and Naturalization 
Service of the intention of any vessel to arrive at any port of entry.

                       TITLE II--ALIEN SMUGGLING

SEC. 201. EXPANDED FORFEITURE FOR SMUGGLING OR HARBORING ILLEGAL 
              ALIENS.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 274(b) of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the following 
property shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture:
            ``(i) Any conveyance, including any vessel, vehicle, or 
        aircraft, which has been or is being used in the commission of 
        a violation of subsection (a).
            ``(ii) Any property, real or personal, which--
                    ``(I) constitutes, or is derived from or traceable 
                to, the proceeds obtained directly or indirectly from 
                the commission of a violation of subsection (a), or
                    ``(II) is used to facilitate, or is intended to be 
                so used in the commission of, a violation of subsection 
                (a)(1)(A).
    ``(B)(i) No property used by any person as a common carrier in the 
transaction of business as a common carrier shall be forfeited under 
this section, unless the owner or other person with lawful custody of 
the property was a consenting party to or privy to the violation of 
subsection (a) or of section 274A(a)(1) or 274A(a)(2).
    ``(ii) No property shall be forfeited under the provisions of this 
section by reason of any act or omission established by the owner to 
have been committed or omitted by a person other than the owner while 
the property was unlawfully in the possession of a person other than 
the owner in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of 
any State.
    ``(iii) No property shall be forfeited under the provisions of this 
section to the extent of an interest of the owner, by reason of any act 
or omission established by the owner to have been committed or omitted 
without the knowledge, consent, or willful disregard of the owner, 
unless the act or omission was committed or omitted by an employee or 
agent of the owner or other person with lawful custody of the property 
with the intent of furthering the business interests of, or to confer 
any other benefit upon, the owner or other person with lawful custody 
of the property.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 274(b) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 
1324(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``conveyance'' and inserting 
                ``property'' each place it appears, and
                    (B) by striking ``is being used in'' and inserting 
                ``is being used in, is facilitating, has facilitated, 
                is facilitating or was intended to facilitate''; and
            (2) in paragraphs (4) and (5), by striking ``a 
        conveyance'', ``any conveyance'', and ``conveyance'' and 
        inserting ``property'' each place it appears.

SEC. 202. INCLUDING ALIEN SMUGGLING AS A RACKETEERING ACTIVITY FOR 
              PURPOSES OF RACKETEERING INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT 
              ORGANIZATIONS (RICO) ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY.

    Section 1961(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' before ``(E) any act'', and
            (2) by inserting before the period at the end the 
        following: ``, or (F) any act which is indictable under section 
        274(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (relating to 
        alien smuggling)''.

SEC. 203. ENHANCED PENALTIES FOR CERTAIN ALIEN SMUGGLING AND FOR 
              EMPLOYERS WHO KNOWINGLY EMPLOY SMUGGLED ALIENS.

    Section 274(a)(1) (8 U.S.C. 1324(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of subparagraph (C),
            (2) by striking the comma at the end of subparagraph (D) 
        and inserting ``; or'',
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
            ``(E) contracts or agrees with another party for that party 
        to provide, for employment by the person or another, an alien 
        who is not authorized to be employed in the United States, 
        knowing that such party intends to cause such alien to be 
        brought into the United States in violation of the laws of the 
        United States,'', and
            (4) by striking ``five years'' and inserting ``ten years''.

SEC. 204. WIRETAP AUTHORITY FOR ALIEN SMUGGLING INVESTIGATIONS.

    Section 2516(1) of title 18, United State Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (c) by inserting after ``weapons),'' the 
        following: ``or a felony violation of section 1028 (relating to 
        production of false identification documentation), section 1542 
        (relating to false statements in passport applications), 
        section 1546 (relating to fraud and misuse of visas, permits, 
        and other documents),'';
            (2) by striking out ``or'' after paragraph (l) and 
        redesignating paragraphs (m), (n), and (o) as paragraphs (n), 
        (o), and (p), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (l) the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(m) a violation of section 274 of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1324) (relating to alien smuggling), of section 277 of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1327) (relating to the 
smuggling of aliens convicted of aggravated felonies or of aliens 
subject to exclusion on grounds of national security), or of section 
278 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1328) (relating to 
smuggling of aliens for the purpose of prostitution or other immoral 
purpose);''.

                      TITLE III--INS INVESTIGATORS

SEC. 301. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE INVESTIGATORS.

    In addition to such amounts as are otherwise authorized to be 
appropriated, there is authorized to be appropriated for each of the 
fiscal years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 for salaries and expenses 
of the Immigration and Naturalization Service such amounts as may be 
necessary to provide for an increase in the number of investigators of 
the Immigration and Naturalization Service by 1,000 full-time 
equivalent investigator positions (and such support personnel as are 
necessary) beyond the number of such positions authorized as of October 
1, 1993.

                     TITLE IV--GOVERNMENT BENEFITS

SEC. 401. PROHIBITION OF BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF ALIENS.

    (a) Direct Federal Financial Benefits.--Subject to subsection (b) 
and the Immigration and Nationality Act, and notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, an alien not lawfully within the United States as a 
permanent resident, a refugee, an asylee, or a parolee is not eligible 
for any direct Federal financial benefit or social insurance benefit 
(whether through grant, loan, guarantee, or otherwise) as such benefits 
are identified by the Attorney General in consulation with other 
appropriate heads of the various departments and agencies of the 
Federal Government.
    (b) Emergency Medical Care.--Subsection (a) shall not apply with 
respect to the Federal reimbursement of emergency medical care for 
aliens, as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services by 
regulation.

SEC. 402. UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS.

    (a) Prohibition.--An alien who has not been granted employment 
authorization pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act or other 
Federal law shall be ineligible for unemployment compensation under an 
unemployment compensation law of a State or the United States.
    (b) Condition of Eligibility.--An alien granted temporary work 
authorization shall be eligible only for unemployment compensation 
under an employment compensation law of a State or the United States 
that accrued during such time as the alien was authorized to work.

SEC. 403. HOUSING BENEFITS.

    (a) Limitation.--Notwithstanding section 401 or any other provision 
of law, no alien who is not a permanent resident, a refugee, an asylee, 
or a parolee shall be eligible for benefits under the following 
provisions of law:
            (1) The program of rental assistance on behalf of low-
        income families provided under section 8 of the United States 
        Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f).
            (2) The program of assistance to public housing under title 
        I of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et 
        seq.).
            (3) The loan program under section 502 of the Housing Act 
        of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1472).
            (4) The program of interest reduction payments pursuant to 
        contracts entered into by the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
        Development under section 236 of the National Housing Act (12 
        U.S.C. 1715z-1).
            (5) The program of loans for rental and cooperative housing 
        under section 515 of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1485).
            (6) The program of rental assistance payments pursuant to 
        contracts entered into under section 521(a)(2)(A) of the 
        Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490a(a)(2)(A)).
            (7) The program of assistance payments on behalf of 
        homeowners under section 235 of the National Housing Act (12 
        U.S.C. 1715z).
            (8) The program of rent supplement payments on behalf of 
        qualified tenants pursuant to contracts entered into under 
        section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 
        (12 U.S.C. 1701s).
            (9) The loan and grant programs under section 504 of the 
        Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1474) for repairs and 
        improvements to rural dwellings.
            (10) The loan and assistance programs under sections 514 
        and 516 of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1484, 1486) for 
        housing for farm labor.
            (11) The program of grants for preservation and 
        rehabilitation of housing under section 533 of the Housing Act 
        of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490m).
            (12) The program of grants and loans for mutual and self-
        help housing and technical assistance under section 523 of the 
        Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490c).
            (13) The program of site loans under section 524 of the 
        Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490d).
    (b) Regulations.--Not later than January 1, 1995, the Secretary of 
Housing and Urban Development shall issue final regulations to carry 
out subsection (a).

SEC. 404. SAVE SYSTEM.

    There are authorized to be appropriated for each of the fiscal 
years 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 such sums as may be necessary to 
carry out the purposes of the automated SAVE system established under 
section 121 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Public 
Law 99-603).

SEC. 405. LIMITATION ON FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO LOCALITIES THAT 
              REFUSE TO COOPERATE IN THE ARREST AND DEPORTATION OF 
              UNLAWFUL ALIENS.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, Federal financial 
assistance shall be reduced by 20 percent to any local government on 
and after such date as the Attorney General certifies that the local 
government has an official policy of refusing to cooperate with 
officers or employees of the Department of Justice (including the 
Immigration and Naturalization Service) with respect to the arrest and 
deportation of aliens who are not lawfully present within the United 
States. Such reduction in assistance is not reimbursable and shall 
continue for as long as the policy of noncooperation remains in effect.

SEC. 406. UNIFORM VITAL STATISTICS.

    (a) Pilot Program.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services 
shall consult with the State agency responsible for registration and 
certification of births and deaths and, within 3 years of the date of 
enactment of this Act, shall establish a pilot program for 3 of the 5 
States with the largest number of undocumented aliens of an electronic 
network linking the vital statistics records of such States. The 
network shall provide, where practical, for the matching of deaths with 
births and shall enable the confirmation of births and deaths of 
citizens of such States, or of aliens within such States, by any 
Federal or State agency or official in the performance of official 
duties. The Secretary and participating State agencies shall institute 
measures to achieve uniform and accurate reporting of vital statistics 
into the pilot program network, to protect the integrity of the 
registration and certification process, and to prevent fraud against 
the Government and other persons through the use of false birth or 
death certificates.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the establishment of the 
pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall issue a written 
report to Congress with recommendations on how the pilot program could 
effectively be instituted as a national network for the United States.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for fiscal year 1994 and for subsequent fiscal years such 
sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

                        TITLE V--CRIMINAL ALIENS

SEC. 501. AUTHORIZING REGISTRATION OF ALIENS ON CRIMINAL PROBATION OR 
              CRIMINAL PAROLE.

    Section 263(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1303(a)) is amended by striking ``and (5)'' and inserting ``(5) aliens 
who are or have been on criminal probation or criminal parole pursuant 
to the laws of the United States or of any State, and (6)''.

SEC. 502. EXPANSION IN DEFINITION OF ``AGGRAVATED FELONY''.

    (a) Expansion in Definition.--Section 101(a)(43) of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)) is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(43) The term `aggravated felony' means--
                    ``(A) murder;
                    ``(B) any illicit trafficking in any controlled 
                substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled 
                Substances Act), including any drug trafficking crime 
                as defined in section 924(c) of title 18, United States 
                Code;
                    ``(C) any illicit trafficking in any firearms or 
                destructive devices as defined in section 921 of title 
                18, United States Code, or in explosive materials as 
                defined in section 841(c) of title 18, United States 
                Code;
                    ``(D) any offense described in sections 1951 
                through 1963 of title 18, United States Code;
                    ``(E) any offense described in--
                            ``(i) subsections (h) or (i) of section 
                        842, title 18, United States Code, or 
                        subsection (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), or (i) of 
                        section 844 of title 18, United States Code 
                        (relating to explosive materials offenses),
                            ``(ii) paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) 
                        of section 922(g), or section 922(j), section 
                        922(n), section 922(o), section 922(p), section 
                        922(r), section 924(b), or section 924(h) of 
                        title 18, United States Code (relating to 
                        firearms offenses), or
                            ``(iii) section 5861 of title 26, United 
                        States Code (relating to firearms offenses);
                    ``(F) any crime of violence (as defined in section 
                16 of title 18, United States Code, not including a 
                purely political offense) for which the term of 
                imprisonment imposed (regardless of any suspension of 
                such imprisonment) is at least 5 years;
                    ``(G) any theft offense (including receipt of 
                stolen property) or any burglary offense, where a 
                sentence of 5 years imprisonment or more may be 
                imposed;
                    ``(H) any offense described in section 875, section 
                876, section 877, or section 1202 of title 18, United 
                States Code (relating to the demand for or receipt of 
                ransom);
                    ``(I) any offense described in section 2251, 
                section 2251A or section 2252 of title 18, United 
                States Code (relating to child pornography);
                    ``(J) any offense described in section 1084 of 
                title 18, United States Code, where a sentence of 5 
                years imprisonment or more may be imposed;
                    ``(K) any offense relating to commercial bribery, 
                counterfeiting, forgery or trafficking in vehicles 
                whose identification numbers have been altered, where a 
                sentence of 5 years imprisonment or more may be 
                imposed;
                    ``(L) any offense--
                            ``(i) relating to the owning, controlling, 
                        managing or supervising of a prostitution 
                        business,
                            ``(ii) described in section 2421 through 
                        2424 of title 18, United States Code, for 
                        commercial advantage, or
                            ``(iii) described in sections 1581 through 
                        1585, or section 1588, of title 18, United 
                        States Code (relating to peonage, slavery, and 
                        involuntary servitude);
                    ``(M) any offense relating to perjury or 
                subornation of perjury where a sentence of 5 years 
                imprisonment or more may be imposed;
                    ``(N) any offense described in--
                            ``(i) section 793 (relating to gathering or 
                        transmitting national defense information), 
                        section 798 (relating to disclosure of 
                        classified information), section 2153 (relating 
                        to sabotage) or section 2381 or section 2382 
                        (relating to treason) of title 18, United 
                        States Code, or
                            ``(ii) section 421 of title 50, United 
                        States Code (relating to protecting the 
                        identity of undercover intelligence agents);
                    ``(O) any offense--
                            ``(i) involving fraud or deceit where the 
                        loss to the victim or victims exceeded 
                        $200,000; or
                            ``(ii) described in section 7201 of title 
                        26, United States Code (relating to tax 
                        evasion), where the tax loss to the Government 
                        exceeds $200,000;
                    ``(P) any offense described in section 274(a)(1) of 
                the Immigration and Nationality Act (relating to alien 
                smuggling) for the purpose of commercial advantage;
                    ``(Q) any violation of section 1546(a) of title 18, 
                United States Code (relating to document fraud), for 
                the purpose of commercial advantage; or
                    ``(R) any offense relating to failing to appear 
                before a court pursuant to a court order to answer to 
                or dispose of a charge of a felony, where a sentence of 
                2 years or more may be imposed;
        or any attempt or conspiracy to commit any such act. Such term 
        applies to offenses described in this paragraph whether in 
        violation of Federal or State law and applies to such offenses 
        in violation of the laws of a foreign country for which the 
        term of imprisonment was completed within the previous 15 
        years.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to all convictions entered before, on, or after the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 503. DEPORTATION PROCEDURES FOR CERTAIN CRIMINAL ALIENS WHO ARE 
              NOT PERMANENT RESIDENTS.

    (a) Technical and Conforming Changes.--Section 242A of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252a) is amended as follows:
            (1) In subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--'' and inserting 
                ``(b) Deportation of Permanent Resident Aliens.--(1) in 
                general.--''; and
                    (B) by inserting in the first sentence ``permanent 
                resident'' after ``correctional facilities for'';
            (2) In subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``(b) Implementation.--'' and 
                inserting ``(2) implementation.--''; and
                    (B) by striking ``respect to an'' and inserting 
                ``respect to a permanent resident'';
            (3) By striking out subsection (c);
            (4) In subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``(d) Expedited Proceedings.--(1)'' 
                and inserting ``(3) expedited proceedings.--(A)'';
                    (B) by inserting ``permanent resident'' after ``in 
                the case of any''; and
                    (C) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(B)'';
            (5) In subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``(e) Review.--(1)'' and inserting 
                ``(4) review.--(A)'';
                    (B) by striking the second sentence; and
                    (C) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(B)'';
            (6) By inserting after the section heading the following 
        new subsection:
    ``(a) Presumption of Deportability.--An alien convicted of an 
aggravated felony shall be conclusively presumed to be deportable from 
the United States.''; and
            (7) The heading of such section is amended to read as 
        follows:

 ``expedited deportation of aliens convicted of committing aggravated 
                              felonies''.

    (b) Elimination of Administrative Hearing for Certain Criminal 
Aliens.--Section 242A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1252a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Deportation of Aliens Who Are Not Permanent Residents.--
            ``(1) Notwithstanding section 242, and subject to paragraph 
        (5), the Attorney General may issue a final order of 
        deportation against any alien described in paragraph (2) whom 
        the Attorney General determines to be deportable under section 
        241(a)(2)(A)(iii) (relating to conviction of an aggravated 
        felony).
            ``(2) An alien is described in this paragraph if the 
        alien--
                    ``(A) was not lawfully admitted for permanent 
                residence at the time that proceedings under this 
                section commenced, or
                    ``(B) had permanent resident status on a 
                conditional basis (as described in section 216) at the 
                time that proceedings under this section commenced.
            ``(3) The Attorney General may delegate the authority in 
        this section to the Commissioner or to any District Director of 
        the Service.
            ``(4) No alien described in this section shall be eligible 
        for--
                    ``(A) any relief from deportation that the Attorney 
                General may grant in his discretion, or
                    ``(B) relief under section 243(h).
            ``(5) The Attorney General may not execute any order 
        described in paragraph (1) until 14 calendar days have passed 
        from the date that such order was issued, in order that the 
        alien has an opportunity to apply for judicial review under 
        section 106.''.
    (c) Limited Judicial Review.--Section 106 of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1105a) is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence of subsection (a), by inserting 
        ``or pursuant to section 242A'' after ``under section 242(b)'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(1) and subsection (a)(3), by 
        inserting ``(including an alien described in section 242A)'' 
        after ``aggravated felony''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(d) Notwithstanding subsection (c), a petition for review or for 
habeas corpus on behalf of an alien described in section 242A(c) may 
only challenge whether the alien is in fact an alien described in such 
section, and no court shall have jurisdiction to review any other 
issue.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to all aliens against whom deportation proceedings are initiated 
after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 504. JUDICIAL DEPORTATION.

    (a) Judicial Deportation.--Section 242A of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252a) is amended by inserting at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(d) Judicial Deportation.--
            ``(1) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        this Act, a United States district court shall have 
        jurisdiction to enter a judicial order of deportation at the 
        time of sentencing against an alien whose criminal conviction 
        causes such alien to be deportable under section 
        241(a)(2)(A)(iii) (relating to conviction of an aggravated 
        felony), if such an order has been requested prior to 
        sentencing by the United States Attorney with the concurrence 
        of the Commissioner.
            ``(2) Procedure.--
                    ``(A) The United States Attorney shall provide 
                notice of intent to request judicial deportation 
                promptly after the entry in the record of an 
                adjudication of guilt or guilty plea. Such notice shall 
                be provided to the court, to the alien, and to the 
                alien's counsel of record.
                    ``(B) Notwithstanding section 242B, the United 
                States Attorney, with the concurrence of the 
                Commissioner, shall file at least 20 days prior to the 
                date set for sentencing a charge containing factual 
                allegations regarding the alienage of the defendant and 
                satisfaction by the defendant of the definition of 
                aggravated felony.
                    ``(C) If the court determines that the defendant 
                has presented substantial evidence to establish prima 
                facie eligibility for relief from deportation under 
                section 212(c), the Commissioner shall provide the 
                court with a recommendation and report regarding the 
                alien's eligibility for relief under such section. The 
                court shall either grant or deny the relief sought.
                    ``(D)(i) The alien shall have a reasonable 
                opportunity to examine the evidence against him or her, 
                to present evidence on his or her own behalf, and to 
                cross-examine witnesses presented by the Government.
                    ``(ii) The court, for the purposes of determining 
                whether to enter an order described in paragraph (1), 
                shall only consider evidence that would be admissible 
                in proceedings conducted pursuant to section 242(b).
                    ``(iii) Nothing in this subsection shall limit the 
                information a court of the United States may receive or 
                consider for the purposes of imposing an appropriate 
                sentence.
                    ``(iv) The court may order the alien deported if 
                the Attorney General demonstrates by clear and 
                convincing evidence that the alien is deportable under 
                this Act.
            ``(3) Notice, appeal, and execution of judicial order of 
        deportation.--
                    ``(A)(i) A judicial order of deportation or denial 
                of such order may be appealed by either party to the 
                court of appeals for the circuit in which the district 
                court is located.
                    ``(ii) Except as provided in clause (iii), such 
                appeal shall be considered consistent with the 
                requirements described in section 106.
                    ``(iii) Upon execution by the defendant of a valid 
                waiver of the right to appeal the conviction on which 
                the order of deportation is based, the expiration of 
                the period described in section 106(a)(1), or the final 
                dismissal of an appeal from such conviction, the order 
                of deportation shall become final and shall be executed 
                at the end of the prison term in accordance with the 
                terms of the order.
                    ``(B) As soon as is practicable after entry of a 
                judicial order of deportation, the Commissioner shall 
                provide the defendant with written notice of the order 
                of deportation, which shall designate the defendant's 
                country of choice for deportation and any alternate 
                country pursuant to section 243(a).
            ``(4) Denial of judicial order.--Denial of a request for a 
        judicial order of deportation shall not preclude the Attorney 
        General from initiating deportation proceedings pursuant to 
        section 242 upon the same ground of deportability or upon any 
        other ground of deportability provided under section 241(a).''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Changes.--The ninth sentence of 
section 242(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1252(b)) is amended by striking out ``The'' and inserting in lieu 
thereof, ``Except as provided in section 242A(d), the''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to all aliens whose adjudication of guilt or guilty plea is 
entered in the record after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 505. RESTRICTING DEFENSES TO DEPORTATION FOR CERTAIN CRIMINAL 
              ALIENS.

    (a) Defenses Based on Seven Years of Permanent Residence.--The last 
sentence of section 212(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
U.S.C. 1182(c)) is amended by striking out ``has served for such felony 
or felonies'' and all that follows through the period and inserting in 
lieu thereof ``has been sentenced for such felony or felonies to a term 
of imprisonment of at least 5 years, provided that the time for 
appealing such conviction or sentence has expired and the sentence has 
become final.''.
    (b) Defenses Based on Withholding of Deportation.--Section 
243(h)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1253(h)(2)) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking out the final sentence and inserting in 
        lieu thereof the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) the alien has been convicted of an aggravated 
                felony.''; and
            (2) by striking out the ``or'' at the end of subparagraph 
        (C) and inserting ``or'' at the end of subparagraph (D).

SEC. 506. ENHANCING PENALTIES FOR FAILING TO DEPART, OR REENTERING, 
              AFTER FINAL ORDER OF DEPORTATION.

    (a) Failure to Depart.--Section 242(e) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252(e)) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``paragraph (2), (3), or 4 of'' the 
        first time it appears, and
            (2) by striking out ``shall be imprisoned not more than ten 
        years'' and inserting in lieu thereof, ``shall be imprisoned 
        not more than two years, or shall be imprisoned not more than 
        ten years if the alien is a member of any of the classes 
        described in paragraph (2), (3), or (4) of section 241(a).''.
    (b) Reentry.--Section 276(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1326(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by inserting after ``commission of'' the 
                following: ``three or more misdemeanors or'', and
                    (B) by striking out ``5'' and inserting in lieu 
                thereof ``10'',
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking out ``15'' and inserting 
        in lieu thereof ``20'', and
            (3) by adding at the end the following sentence:
    ``For the purposes of this subsection, the term `deportation' shall 
include any agreement where an alien stipulates to deportation during a 
criminal trial under either Federal or State law.''.
    (c) Collateral Attacks on Underlying Deportation Order.--Section 
276 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1326) is amended 
by inserting after subsection (b) the following new subsection:
    ``(c) In any criminal proceeding under this section, no alien may 
challenge the validity of the deportation order described in subsection 
(a)(1) or subsection (b) unless the alien demonstrates--
            ``(1) that the alien exhausted the administrative remedies 
        (if any) that may have been available to seek relief against 
        such order,
            ``(2) that the deportation proceedings at which such order 
        was issued improperly deprived the alien of the opportunity for 
        judicial review, and
            ``(3) that the entry of such order was fundamentally 
        unfair.''.

SEC. 507. MISCELLANEOUS AND TECHNICAL CHANGES.

    (a) Form of Deportation Hearings.--The second sentence of section 
242(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252(b)) is 
amended by inserting before the period the following: ``; except that 
nothing in this subsection shall preclude the Attorney General from 
authorizing proceedings by electronic or telephonic media (with or 
without the consent of the alien) or, where waived or agreed to by the 
parties, in the absence of the alien.''.
    (b) Construction of Expedited Deportation Requirements.-- No 
amendment made by this Act and nothing in section 242(i) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252(i)), shall be construed 
to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, which is 
legally enforceable by any party against the United States, its 
agencies, its officers or any other person.

SEC. 508. CRIMINAL ALIEN TRACKING CENTER.

    (a) Operation.--The Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, 
with the cooperation of the Director of the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation and the heads of other agencies, shall, under the 
authority of section 242(a)(3)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1252(a)(3)(A)), operate a criminal alien tracking center.
    (b) Purpose.--The criminal alien tracking center shall be used to 
assist Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies in 
identifying and locating aliens who may be subject to deportation by 
reason of their conviction of aggravated felonies.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1995 
and $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999.

SEC. 509. PRISONER TRANSFER TREATY STUDY.

    (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Attorney 
General shall submit to the Congress a report that describes the use 
and effectiveness of the Prisoner Transfer Treaty with Mexico to remove 
from the United States aliens who have been convicted of crimes in the 
United States.
    (b) Use of Treaty.--The report under subsection (a) shall include 
the following information:
            (1) The number of aliens convicted of a criminal offense in 
        the United States since November 30, 1977, who would have been 
        or are eligible for transfer pursuant to the Treaty.
            (2) The number of aliens described in paragraph (1) who 
        have been transferred pursuant to the Treaty.
            (3) The number of aliens described in paragraph (2) who 
        have been incarcerated in full compliance with the Treaty.
            (4) The number of aliens who are incarcerated in a penal 
        institution in the United States who are eligible for transfer 
        pursuant to the Treaty.
            (5) The number of aliens described in paragraph (4) who are 
        incarcerated in State and local penal institutions.
    (c) Effectiveness of Treaty.--The report under subsection (a) shall 
include the recommendations of the Secretary of State and the Attorney 
General to increase the effectiveness and use of, and full compliance 
with, the Treaty. In considering the recommendations under this 
subsection, the Secretary and the Attorney General shall consult with 
such State and local officials in areas disproportionately impacted by 
aliens convicted of criminal offenses as the Secretary and the Attorney 
General consider appropriate. Such recommendations shall address the 
following areas:
            (1) Changes in Federal laws, regulations, and policies 
        affecting the identification, prosecution, and deportation of 
        aliens who have committed a criminal offense in the United 
        States.
            (2) Changes in State and local laws, regulations, and 
        policies affecting the identification, prosecution, and 
        deportation of aliens who have committed a criminal offense in 
        the United States.
            (3) Changes in the Treaty that may be necessary to increase 
        the number of aliens convicted of crimes who may be transferred 
        pursuant to the Treaty.
            (4) Methods for preventing the unlawful re-entry into the 
        United States of aliens who have been convicted of criminal 
        offenses in the United States and transferred pursuant to the 
        Treaty.
            (5) Any recommendations of appropriate officials of the 
        Mexican Government on programs to achieve the goals of, and 
        ensure full compliance with, the Treaty.
            (6) An assessment of whether the recommendations under this 
        subsection require the renegotiation of the Treaty.
            (7) The additional funds required to implement each 
        recommendation under this subsection.
    (d) Definition.--As used in this section, the term ``Prisoner 
Transfer Treaty with Mexico'' or ``Treaty'' refers to the Treaty 
Between the United States of America and the United Mexican States on 
the Execution of Penal Sentences, done at Mexico City on November 25, 
1976 (28 U.S.T. 7399).

SEC. 510. EXPEDITING CRIMINAL ALIEN DEPORTATION AND EXCLUSION.

    (a) Convicted Defined.--Section 241(a)(2) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1251(a)(2)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) Convicted defined.--In this paragraph, the 
                term `convicted' means a judge or jury has found the 
                alien guilty or the alien has entered a plea of guilty 
                or nolo contendere, whether or not the alien appeals 
                therefrom.''.
    (b) Deportation of Convicted Aliens.--
            (1) Immediate deportation.--Section 242(h) of such Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1252(h)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``(h) An alien'' and inserting 
                ``(h)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), an alien''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
    ``(2) An alien sentenced to imprisonment may be deported prior to 
the termination of such imprisonment by the release of the alien from 
confinement, if the Service petitions the appropriate court or other 
entity with authority concerning the alien to release the alien into 
the custody of the Service for execution of an order of deportation.''.
            (2) Prohibition of reentry into the united states.--Section 
        212(a)(2) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as 
                subparagraph (G); and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(F) Aliens deported before serving minimum period 
                of confinement.--In addition to any other period of 
                exclusion which may apply an alien deported pursuant to 
                section 242(h)(2) is excludable during the minimum 
                period of confinement to which the alien was 
                sentenced.''.
    (c) Execution of Deportation Orders.--Section 242(i) of such Act (8 
U.S.C. 1252(i)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``An 
order of deportation may not be executed until all direct appeals 
relating to the conviction which is the basis of the deportation order 
have been exhausted.''.

SEC. 511. INCARCERATION OF OR PAYMENT FOR CRIMINAL ALIENS BY THE 
              FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

    (a) Definition.--In this section, the phrase ``criminal alien who 
has been convicted of a felony and is incarcerated in a State or local 
correctional facility'' means an alien who--
            (1)(A) is in the United States in violation of the 
        immigration laws; or
            (B) is deportable or excludable under the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); and
            (2) has been convicted of a felony under State or local law 
        and incarcerated in a correctional facility of the State or a 
        subdivision of the State.
    (b) Federal Custody.--At the request of a State or political 
subdivision of a State, the Attorney General shall--
            (1)(A) take custody of a criminal alien who has been 
        convicted of a felony and is incarcerated in a State or local 
        correctional facility; and
            (B) provide for the imprisonment of the criminal alien in a 
        Federal prison in accordance with the sentence of the State 
        court; or
            (2) enter into a contractual arrangement with the State or 
        local government to compensate the State or local government 
        for incarcerating alien criminals for the duration of their 
        sentences.

                       TITLE VI--TERRORIST ALIENS

SEC. 601. REMOVAL OF ALIEN TERRORISTS.

    (a) In General.--The Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 
et seq.) is amended by inserting the following new section:

                     ``removal of alien terrorists

    ``Sec. 242C. (a) Definitions.--As used in this section--
            ``(1) the term `alien terrorist' means any alien described 
        in section 241(a)(4)(B);
            ``(2) the term `classified information' has the same 
        meaning as defined in section 1(a) of the Classified 
        Information Procedures Act (18 U.S.C. App. IV);
            ``(3) the term `national security' has the same meaning as 
        defined in section 1(b) of the Classified Information 
        Procedures Act (18 U.S.C. App. IV);
            ``(4) the term `special court' means the court described in 
        subsection (c) of this section; and
            ``(5) the term `special removal hearing' means the hearing 
        described in subsection (e) of this section.
    ``(b) Application for Use of Procedures.--The provisions of this 
section shall apply whenever the Attorney General certifies under seal 
to the special court that--
            ``(1) the Attorney General or Deputy Attorney General has 
        approved of the proceeding under this section;
            ``(2) an alien terrorist is physically present in the 
        United States; and
            ``(3) removal of such alien terrorist by deportation 
        proceedings described in sections 242, 242A, or 242B would pose 
        a risk to the national security of the United States because 
        such proceedings would disclose classified information.
    ``(c) Special Court.--(1) The Chief Justice of the United States 
shall publicly designate up to 7 judges from up to 7 United States 
judicial districts to hear and decide cases arising under this section, 
in a manner consistent with the designation of judges described in 
section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (50 U.S.C. 
1803(a)).
    ``(2) The Chief Justice may, in the Chief Justice's discretion, 
designate the same judges under this section as are designated pursuant 
to section 1803(a) of title 50, United States Code.
    ``(d) Invocation of Special Court Procedure.--(1) When the Attorney 
General makes the application described in subsection (b), a single 
judge of the special court shall consider the application in camera and 
ex parte.
    ``(2) The judge shall invoke the procedures of subsection (e), if 
the judge determines that there is probable cause to believe that--
            ``(A) the alien who is the subject of the application has 
        been correctly identified;
            ``(B) a deportation proceeding described in sections 242, 
        242A, or 242B would pose a risk to the national security of the 
        United States because such proceedings would disclose 
        classified information; and
            ``(C) the threat posed by the alien's physical presence is 
        immediate and involves the risk of death or serious bodily 
        harm.
    ``(e) Special Removal Hearing.--(1) Except as provided in paragraph 
(4), the special removal hearing authorized by a showing of probable 
cause described in subsection (d)(2) shall be open to the public.
    ``(2) The alien shall have a right to be present at such hearing 
and to be represented by counsel. Any alien financially unable to 
obtain counsel shall be entitled to have counsel assigned to represent 
such alien. Counsel may be appointed as described in section 3006A of 
title 18, United States Code.
    ``(3) The alien shall have a right to introduce evidence on his own 
behalf, and except as provided in paragraph (4), shall have a right to 
cross-examine any witness or request that the judge issue a subpoena 
for the presence of a named witness.
    ``(4) The judge shall authorize the introduction in camera and ex 
parte of any item of evidence for which the judge determines that 
public disclosure would pose a risk to the national security of the 
United States because it would disclose classified information.
    ``(5) With respect to any evidence described in paragraph (4), the 
judge shall cause to be delivered to the alien either--
            ``(A)(i) the substitution for such evidence of a statement 
        admitting relevant facts that the specific evidence would tend 
        to prove, or (ii) the substitution for such evidence of a 
        summary of the specific evidence; or
            ``(B) if disclosure of even the substituted evidence 
        described in subparagraph (A) would create a substantial risk 
        of death or serious bodily harm to any person, a statement 
        informing the alien that no such summary is possible.
    ``(6) If the judge determines--
            ``(A) that the substituted evidence described in paragraph 
        (4)(B) will provide the alien with substantially the same 
        ability to make his defense as would disclosure of the specific 
        evidence, or
            ``(B) that disclosure of even the substituted evidence 
        described in paragraph (5)(A) would create a substantial risk 
        of death or serious bodily harm to any person,
then the determination of deportation (described in subsection (f)) may 
be made pursuant to this section.
    ``(f) Determination of Deportation.--(1) If the determination in 
subsection (e)(6)(A) has been made, the judge shall, considering the 
evidence on the record as a whole, require that the alien be deported 
if the Attorney General proves, by clear and convincing evidence, that 
the alien is subject to deportation because he is an alien as described 
in section 241(a)(4)(B).
    ``(2) If the determination in subsection (e)(6)(B) has been made, 
the judge shall, considering the evidence received (in camera and 
otherwise), require that the alien be deported if the Attorney General 
proves, by clear, convincing, and unequivocal evidence, that the alien 
is subject to deportation because he is an alien as described in 
section 241(a)(4)(B).
    ``(g) Appeals.--(1) The alien may appeal a determination under 
subsection (f) to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, by 
filing a notice of appeal with such court within 20 days of the 
determination under such subsection.
    ``(2)(A) The Attorney General may appeal a determination under 
subsection (d), (e), or (f) to the court of appeals for the Federal 
Circuit, by filing a notice of appeal with such court within 20 days of 
the determination under any one of such subsections.
    ``(B) When requested by the Attorney General, the entire record of 
the proceeding under this section shall be transmitted to the court of 
appeals under seal. If the Attorney General is appealing a 
determination under subsection (d) or (e), the court of appeals shall 
consider such appeal in camera and ex parte.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1295(a) of title 28, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (13);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (14) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(15) of an appeal under section 242C(g) of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act.''.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 242B the following new item:

``Sec. 242C. Removal of alien terrorists.''.

SEC. 602. MEMBERSHIP IN A TERRORIST ORGANIZATION AS A BASIS FOR 
              EXCLUSION FROM THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE IMMIGRATION 
              AND NATIONALITY ACT.

    Section 212(a)(3)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i)(II) by inserting ``or'' at the end;
            (2) by adding after clause (i)(II) the following:
                                    ``(III) is a member of an 
                                organization that engages in, or has 
                                engaged in, terrorist activity or who 
                                actively supports or advocates 
                                terrorist activity,''; and
            (3) by adding after clause (iii) the following:
                            ``(iv) Terrorist organization defined.--As 
                        used in this Act, the term `terrorist 
                        organization' means an organization which 
                        commits terrorist activity as determined by the 
                        Attorney General, in consultation with the 
                        Secretary of State.''.

                         TITLE VII--INSPECTIONS

SEC. 701. PREINSPECTION AT FOREIGN AIRPORTS.

    (a) In General.--The Immigration and Nationality Act is amended by 
inserting after section 235 the following new section:

                  ``preinspection at foreign airports

    ``Sec. 235A. (a) Establishment of Preinspection Stations.--(1) 
Subject to paragraph (4), not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Attorney General, in consultation with 
the Secretary of State, shall establish and maintain preinspection 
stations in at least 5 of the foreign airports that are among the 10 
foreign airports which the Attorney General identifies as serving as 
last points of departure for the greatest numbers of passengers who 
arrive from abroad by air at ports of entry within the United States. 
Such preinspection stations shall be in addition to any preinspection 
stations established prior to the date of the enactment of this 
section.
    ``(2) Not later than November 1, 1994, and each subsequent November 
1, the Attorney General shall compile data identifying--
            ``(A) the foreign airports which served as last points of 
        departure for aliens who arrived by air at United States ports 
        of entry without valid documentation during the preceding 
        fiscal years,
            ``(B) the number and nationality of such aliens arriving 
        from each such foreign airport, and
            ``(C) the primary routes such aliens followed from their 
        country of origin to the United States.
    ``(3) Subject to paragraph (4), not later than 4 years after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Secretary of State, shall establish preinspection 
stations in at least 5 additional foreign airports which the Attorney 
General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, determines based 
on the data compiled under paragraph (2) and such other information as 
may be available would most effectively reduce the number of aliens who 
arrive from abroad by air at points of entry within the United States 
without valid documentation. Such preinspection stations shall be in 
addition to those established prior to or pursuant to paragraph (1).
    ``(4) Prior to the establishment of a preinspection station the 
Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall 
ensure that--
            ``(A) employees of the United States stationed at the 
        preinspection station and their accompanying family members 
        will receive appropriate protection,
            ``(B) such employees and their families will not be subject 
        to unreasonable risks to their welfare and safety, and
            ``(C) the country in which the preinspection station is to 
        be established maintains practices and procedures with respect 
        to asylum seekers and refugees in accordance with the 
        Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (done at Geneva, 
        July 28, 1951), or the Protocol Relating to the Status of 
        Refugees (done at New York, January 31, 1967).
    ``(b) Establishment of Carrier Consultant Program.--The Attorney 
General shall assign additional immigration officers to assist air 
carriers in the detection of fraudulent documents at foreign airports 
which, based on the records maintained pursuant to subsection (a)(2), 
served as a point of departure for a significant number of arrivals at 
United States ports of entry without valid documentation, but where no 
preinspection station exists.
    ``(c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 235 the following new 
item:

``Sec. 235A. Preinspection at foreign airports.''.

SEC. 702. TRAINING OF AIRLINE PERSONNEL IN DETECTION OF FRAUDULENT 
              DOCUMENTS.

    (a) Use of Funds.--Section 286(h)(2)(A) (8 U.S.C. 1356(h)(2)(A)) is 
amended--
            (1) in clause (iv), by inserting ``, including training of, 
        and technical assistance to, commercial airline personnel on 
        such detection'' after ``United States'', and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
``The Attorney General shall provide for expenditures for training and 
assistance described in clause (iv) in an amount, for any fiscal year, 
not less than 5 percent of the total of the expenses incurred that are 
described in the previous sentence.''.
    (b) Compliance With Detection Regulations.--Section 212(f) (8 
U.S.C. 1182(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``Whenever the Attorney General finds that a commercial airline has 
failed to comply with regulations of the Attorney General relating to 
requirements of airlines for the detection of fraudulent documents used 
by passengers traveling to the United States (including the training of 
personnel in such detection), the Attorney General may suspend the 
entry of some or all aliens transported to the United States by such 
airline.''.
    (c) Effective Dates.--
            (1) The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to 
        expenses incurred during or after fiscal year 1994.
            (2) The Attorney General shall first issue, in proposed 
        form, regulations referred to in the second sentence of section 
        212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by the 
        amendment made by subsection (b), by not later than 90 days 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 703. PASSPORT AND VISA OFFENSES PENALTIES IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in section 1541, by striking ``not more than $500 or 
        imprisoned not more than one year'' and inserting ``under this 
        title or imprisoned not more than 10 years'';
            (2) in each of sections 1542, 1543, and 1544, by striking 
        ``not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than five years'' 
        and inserting ``under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 
        years'';
            (3) in section 1545, by striking ``not more than $2,000 or 
        imprisoned not more than three years'' and inserting ``under 
        this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years'';
            (4) in section 1546(a), by striking ``five years'' and 
        inserting ``10 years'';
            (5) in section 1546(b), by striking ``in accordance with 
        this title, or imprisoned not more than two years'' and 
        inserting ``under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 
        years''; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 1547. Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses
    ``Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the maximum 
term of imprisonment that may be imposed for an offense under this 
chapter (other than an offense under section 1545)--
            ``(1) if committed to facilitate a drug trafficking crime 
        (as defined in 929(a) of this title) is 15 years; and
            ``(2) if committed to facilitate an act of international 
        terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this title) is 20 
        years.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new item:

``1547. Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses.''.
    (c) Asset Forfeiture.--Section 981(a)(1) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following:
            ``(G) Any property used in committing an offense under 
        section 1543 or 1546 of this title or for which the maximum 
        authorized imprisonment is set by section 1547 of this 
        title.''.

                           TITLE VIII--ASYLUM

SEC. 801. INSPECTION AND EXCLUSION BY IMMIGRATION OFFICERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 235(b) (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(b) Inspection and Exclusion by Immigration Officers.--
            ``(1) An immigration officer shall inspect each alien who 
        is seeking entry to the United States.
            ``(2)(A) If the examining immigration officer determines 
        that an alien seeking entry--
                    ``(i) does not present the documentation required 
                (if any) to obtain legal entry to the United States; 
                and
                    ``(ii) does not indicate either an intention to 
                apply for provisional asylum (under section 208) or a 
                fear of persecution,
        the officer shall order the alien excluded from the United 
        States without further hearing or review.
            ``(B) The examining immigration officer shall refer for 
        immediate inspection at the port of entry by an asylum officer 
        under subparagraph (C) any alien who (i) does not present the 
        documentation required (if any) to obtain legal entry to the 
        United States, and (ii) has indicated an intention to apply for 
        provisional asylum or a fear of persecution. Such an alien 
        shall not be considered to have been inspected and admitted for 
        purposes of this Act.
            ``(C)(i) If an asylum officer determines that an alien has 
        a credible fear of persecution, the alien shall be entitled to 
        apply for provisional asylum under section 208.
            ``(ii)(I) Subject to subclause (II), if an asylum officer 
        determines that an alien does not have a credible fear of 
        persecution the officer shall order the alien excluded from the 
        United States without further hearing or review.
            ``(II) The Attorney General shall promulgate regulations to 
        provide for the immediate review by another asylum officer at 
        the port of entry of a decision under subclause (I).
            ``(iii) For the purposes of this subparagraph, the term 
        `credible fear of persecution' means (I) that it is more 
        probable than not that the statements made by the alien in 
        support of his or her claim are true, and (II) that there is a 
        significant possibility, in light of such statements and of 
        such other facts as are known to the officer that the alien 
        could establish eligibility for provisional asylum under 
        section 208.
            ``(iv) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no court 
        shall have jurisdiction to review, except by petition for 
        habeas corpus, any determination made with respect to an alien 
        found excludable pursuant to this paragraph. In any such case, 
        review by habeas corpus shall be limited to examination of 
        whether the petitioner (I) is an alien, and (II) was ordered 
        excluded from the United States pursuant to this paragraph.
            ``(v) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no court 
        shall have jurisdiction (I) to review the procedures 
        established by the Attorney General for the determination of 
        exclusion pursuant to this paragraph, or (II) to enter 
        declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the 
        implementation of this paragraph. Regardless of the nature of 
        the suit or claim, no court shall have jurisdiction except by 
        habeas corpus petition as provided in clause (iv) to consider 
        the validity of any adjudication or determination under this 
        paragraph or to provide declaratory or injunctive relief with 
        respect to the exclusion of any alien pursuant to this 
        paragraph.
            ``(vi) In any action brought for the assessment of 
        penalties for improper entry or re-entry of an alien under 
        section 275 or 276, no court shall have jurisdiction to hear 
        claims collaterally attacking the validity of orders of 
        exclusion or deportation entered under sections 235, 236, and 
        242.
            ``(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), if the 
        examining immigration officer determines that an alien seeking 
        entry is not clearly and beyond a doubt entitled to enter, the 
        alien shall be detained for a hearing before a special inquiry 
        officer.
            ``(B) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply--
                    ``(i) to an alien crewman,
                    ``(ii) to an alien described in paragraph (2)(A) or 
                2(B), or
                    ``(iii) if the conditions described in section 
                273(d) exist.
            ``(4) The decision of the examining immigration officer, if 
        favorable to the admission of any alien, shall be subject to 
        challenge by any other immigration officer and such challenge 
        shall operate to take the alien, whose privilege to enter is so 
        challenged, before a special inquiry officer for a hearing on 
        exclusion of the alien.
            ``(5) An alien has not entered the United States for 
        purposes of this Act unless and until such alien has been 
        inspected and admitted by an immigration officer pursuant to 
        this subsection.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 237(a) (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the second sentence of paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``Deportation'' and inserting ``Subject to section 235(b)(2), 
        deportation''; and
            (2) in the first sentence of paragraph (2), by striking 
        ``If'' and inserting ``Subject to section 235(b)(2), if''.

SEC. 802. ASYLUM.

    (a) In General.--Section 208 (8 U.S.C. 1158) is amended to read as 
follows:

``SEC. 208. ASYLUM.-

    (a) Provisional Asylum.--
            ``(1) Right to apply.--The Attorney General shall establish 
        a procedure for an alien physically present in the United 
        States or at a land border or port of entry, irrespective of 
        such alien's status, to apply for provisional asylum in 
        accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Conditions for granting.--
                    ``(A) Mandatory cases.--The Attorney General shall 
                grant provisional asylum to an alien if the alien 
                applies for provisional asylum in accordance with the 
                requirements of this section and establishes that it is 
                more likely than not that in the alien's country of 
                nationality (or, in the case of a person having no 
                nationality, the country in which such alien last 
                habitually resided) such alien's life or freedom would 
                be threatened on account of race, religion, 
                nationality, membership in a particular social group, 
                or political opinion.
                    ``(B) Discretionary cases.--The Attorney General 
                may grant provisional asylum to an alien if the alien 
                applies for provisional asylum in accordance with the 
                requirements of this section and establishes that the 
                alien is a refugee within the meaning of section 
                101(a)(42).
                    ``(C) Exceptions.--(i) Subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                shall not apply to an alien if the Attorney General 
                determines that--
                            ``(I) the alien ordered, incited, assisted, 
                        or otherwise participated in the persecution of 
                        any person on account of race, religion, 
                        nationality, membership in a particular social 
                        group, or political opinion;
                            ``(II) the alien, having been convicted by 
                        a final judgment of a particularly serious 
                        crime, constitutes a danger to the community of 
                        the United States;
                            ``(III) there are serious reasons for 
                        believing that the alien has committed a 
                        serious nonpolitical crime outside the United 
                        States prior to the arrival of the alien in the 
                        United States;
                            ``(IV) there are reasonable grounds for 
                        regarding the alien as a danger to the security 
                        of the United States; or
                            ``(V) a country willing to accept the alien 
                        has been identified (other than the country 
                        described in subparagraph (A)) to which the 
                        alien can be deported or returned and the alien 
                        does not establish that it is more likely than 
                        not that the alien's life or freedom would be 
                        threatened in such country on account of race, 
                        religion, nationality, membership in a 
                        particular social group, or political opinion.
                    ``(ii)(I) For purposes of clause (i)(II), an alien 
                who has been convicted of an aggravated felony shall be 
                considered to have committed a particularly serious 
                crime.
                    ``(II) The Attorney General shall promulgate 
                regulations that specify additional crimes that will be 
                considered to be a crime described in clause (i)(II) or 
                (i)(III).
                    ``(III) The Attorney General shall promulgate 
                regulations establishing such additional limitations 
                and conditions as the Attorney General considers 
                appropriate under which an alien shall be ineligible to 
                apply for provisional asylum under subparagraph (B).
            ``(3) Provisional asylum status.--In the case of any alien 
        granted provisional asylum under paragraph (2)(A), the Attorney 
        General, in accordance with this section--
                    ``(A) shall not deport or return the alien to the 
                country described under paragraph (2)(A);
                    ``(B) shall authorize the alien to engage in 
                employment in the United States and provide the alien 
                with an `employment authorized' endorsement or other 
                appropriate work permit; and
                    ``(C) may allow the alien to travel abroad with the 
                prior consent of the Attorney General.
            ``(4) Termination.--Provisional asylum granted under 
        paragraph (2) may be terminated if the Attorney General, 
        pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may 
        prescribe, determines that--
                    ``(A) the alien no longer meets the conditions 
                described in paragraph (2) owing to a change in 
                circumstances in the alien's country of nationality or, 
                in the case of an alien having no nationality, in the 
                country in which the alien last habitually resided;
                    ``(B) the alien meets a condition described in 
                paragraph (2)(C); or
                    ``(C) a country willing to accept the alien has 
                been identified (other than the country described in 
                paragraph (2)) to which the alien can be deported or 
                returned and the alien cannot establish that it is more 
                likely than not that the alien's life or freedom would 
                be threatened in such country on account of race, 
                religion, nationality, membership in a particular 
                social group, or political opinion.
            ``(5) Acceptance by another country.--In the case of an 
        alien described in paragraph (2)(C)(i)(V) or paragraph (4)(C), 
        the alien's deportation or return shall be directed by the 
        Attorney General in the sole discretion of the Attorney 
        General, to any country which is willing to accept the alien 
        into its territory (other than the country described in 
        paragraph (2)(A)).
    ``(b) Provisional Asylum Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Deadline.--Subject to subparagraph (B), an 
                alien's application for provisional asylum shall not be 
                considered under this section unless--
                            ``(i) the alien has filed, not later than 
                        30 days after entering or coming to the United 
                        States, notice of intention to file such an 
                        application, and
                            ``(ii) such application is actually filed 
                        not later than 60 days after entering or coming 
                        to the United States.
                    ``(B) Exception.--An application for provisional 
                asylum may be considered, not withstanding that the 
                requirements of subparagraph (A) have not been met, 
                only if the alien demonstrates by clear and convincing 
                evidence changed circumstances in the alien's country 
                of nationality (or in the case of an alien with no 
                nationality, in the country where the alien last 
                habitually resided) affecting eligibility for 
                provisional asylum.
            ``(2) Requirements.--An application for provisional asylum 
        shall not be considered unless the alien submits to the taking 
        of fingerprints and a photograph in a manner determined by the 
        Attorney General.
            ``(3) Previous denial of asylum.--An application for 
        provisional asylum shall not be considered if the alien has 
        been denied asylum by a country in which the alien had access 
        to a full and fair procedure for determining his or her asylum 
        claim in accordance with a bilateral or multilateral agreement 
        between that country and the United States.
            ``(4) Fees.--In the discretion of the Attorney General, the 
        Attorney General may impose reasonable fees for the 
        consideration of an application for provisional asylum, for 
        employment authorization under this section, and for adjustment 
        of status under section 209(b). The Attorney General is 
        authorized to provide for the assessment and payment of any 
        such fee over a period of time or by installments.
            ``(5) Employment.--An applicant for provisional asylum is 
        not entitled to engage in employment in the United States. The 
        Attorney General may authorize an alien who has filed an 
        application for provisional asylum to engage in employment in 
        the United States, in the discretion of the Attorney General.
            ``(6) Notice of consequences of frivolous applications.--At 
        the time of filing a notice of intention to apply for 
        provisional asylum, the alien shall be advised of the 
        consequences, under subsection (e), of filing a frivolous 
        application for provisional asylum.
    ``(c) Sanctions for Failure to Appear.--
            ``(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the application for 
        provisional asylum of an alien who does not appear for a 
        hearing on such application shall be summarily dismissed unless 
        the alien can show exceptional circumstances (as defined in 
        section 242B(f)(2)) as determined by an asylum officer or 
        immigration judge.
            ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if written and oral 
        notice were not provided to the alien of the time and place at 
        which the asylum hearing was to be held, and in the case of any 
        change or postponement in such time or place, written and oral 
        notice were provided to the alien of the new time or place of 
        the hearing.
    ``(d) Asylum.--
            ``(1) Adjustment of status.--Under such regulations as the 
        Attorney General may prescribe, the Attorney General shall 
        adjust to the status of an alien granted asylum the status of 
        any alien granted provisional asylum under subsection (a)(2)(A) 
        or (a)(2)(B) who--
                    ``(A) applies for such adjustment;
                    ``(B) has been physically present in the United 
                States for at least 1 year after being granted 
                provisional asylum;
                    ``(C) continues to be eligible for provisional 
                asylum under this section; and
                    ``(D) is admissible under this Act at the time of 
                examination for adjustment of status under this 
                subsection.
            ``(2) Treatment of spouse and children.--A spouse or child 
        (as defined in section 101(b) (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E)) of an 
        alien whose status is adjusted to that of an alien granted 
        asylum under paragraph (a)(2) may be granted the same status as 
        the alien if accompanying, or following to join, such alien.
            ``(3) Application fees.--The Attorney General may impose a 
        reasonable fee for the filing of an application for asylum 
        under this subsection.
    ``(e) Denial of Immigration Benefits for Frivolous Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--If the Attorney General determines that 
        an alien has made a frivolous application for provisional 
        asylum under this section and the alien has received the notice 
        under subsection (b)(5), the alien shall be permanently 
        ineligible for any benefits under this Act, effective as of the 
        date of a final determination on such application.
            ``(2) Treatment of material misrepresentations.--For 
        purposes of this subsection, an application considered to be 
        `frivolous' includes, but is not limited to, an application 
        which contains a willful misrepresentation or concealment of a 
        material fact.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The item in the table of contents relating 
to section 208 is amended to read as follows:

``Sec. 208. Asylum.''.

SEC. 803. FAILURE TO APPEAR FOR PROVISIONAL ASYLUM HEARING; JUDICIAL 
              REVIEW.

    (a) Failure to Appear for Provisional Asylum Hearing.--Section 
242B(e)(4) (8 U.S.C. 1252b(e)(4)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``asylum'' and inserting 
        ``provisional asylum'';
            (2) by striking ``asylum'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``provisional asylum''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (A), by striking all after clause (iii) 
        and inserting ``shall not be eligible for any benefits under 
        this Act.''.
    (b) Judicial Review.--Section 106 (8 U.S.C. 1105a) is amended by 
adding at the end the following subsection:
    ``(d) The procedure prescribed by, and all the provisions of 
chapter 158 of title 28, United States Code, shall apply to, and shall 
be the sole and exclusive procedure for, the judicial review of all 
final orders granting or denying provisional asylum, except that--
            ``(1) a petition for review may be filed not later than 90 
        days after the date of the issuance of the final order granting 
        or denying provisional asylum;
            ``(2) the venue of any petition for review under this 
        subsection shall be in the judicial circuit in which the 
        administrative proceedings were conducted in whole or in part, 
        or in the judicial circuit wherein is the residence, as defined 
        in this Act, of the petitioner, but not in more than one 
        circuit; and
            ``(3) notwithstanding any other provision of law, a 
        determination granting or denying provisional asylum based on 
        changed circumstances pursuant to section 208(b)(1)(A)(ii) 
        shall be in the sole discretion of the officer conducting the 
        administrative proceeding.''.

SEC. 804. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Limitation on Deportation.--Section 243 (8 U.S.C. 1253) is 
amended by striking subsection (h).
    (b) Adjustment of Status.--Section 209(b) (8 U.S.C. 1159(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``one year'' and inserting 
        ``2 years''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) continues to be eligible for provisional asylum under 
        section 208,''.
    (c) Aliens Ineligible for Temporary Protected Status.--Section 
244A(c)(2)(B)(ii) (8 U.S.C. 1254a(c)(2)(B)(ii)) is amended by striking 
``section 243(h)(2)'' and inserting ``section 208(a)(2)(C)''.
    (d) Eligibility for Naturalization.--Section 316(f)(1) (8 U.S.C. 
1427(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``subparagraphs (A) through (D) of 
paragraph 243(h)(2)'' and inserting ``section 208(a)(2)(C).''.
    (e) Family Unity.--Section 301(e) of the Immigration Act of 1990 
(Public Law 101-649) is amended by striking ``section 243(h)(2)'' and 
inserting ``section 208(a)(2)(C).''.

SEC. 805. EFFECTIVE DATES.

    (a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided, the amendments made 
by this title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this 
Act.
    (b) Exceptions.--
            (1) The amendments made by this title shall not apply to 
        applications for asylum or withholding of deportation made 
        before the first day of the first month that begins more than 
        180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and no 
        application for provisional asylum under section 208 of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (as amended by section 801 of 
        this title) shall be considered before such first day.
            (2) In applying section 208(b)(1)(A) of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (as amended by this title) in the case of an 
        alien who has entered or came to the United States before the 
        first day described in paragraph (1), notwithstanding the 
        deadlines specified in such section--
                    (A) the deadline for the filing of a notice of 
                intention to file an application for provisional asylum 
                is 30 days after such first day, and
                    (B) the deadline for the filing of the application 
                for provisional asylum is 30 days after the date of 
                filing such notice.
            (3) The amendments made by section 803(b) (relating to 
        adjustment of status) shall not apply to aliens granted asylum 
        under section 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as in 
        effect before the date of the enactment of this Act.

                           TITLE IX--FUNDING

SEC. 901. REDUCTION IN OVERHEAD COSTS INCURRED IN FEDERALLY SPONSORED 
              RESEARCH.

    (a) Limitation.--Notwithstanding any other law, on and after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, each head of a Federal agency making 
a grant to, or entering into a contract with, an institution of higher 
education for research and development, shall--
            (1) reduce the overhead payment rate used to pay for 
        indirect costs related to such research and development to a 
        rate not to exceed 50 percent of the modified total direct 
        costs that are incurred by such institution for such research 
        and development; and
            (2) return the amount saved as a result of paragraph (1) to 
        the general fund of the Treasury.
    (b) CBO Scoring.--The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 
the reduction in overhead payments for federally funded university 
research required by this section will produce savings of 
$1,240,000,000 over the 5-year period beginning October 1, 1994, and 
ending September 30, 1999.
    (c) Definitions.--For the purpose of this section--
            (1) the term ``indirect costs'' means administrative costs 
        and the costs of library and student services, building and 
        equipment, and operations and maintenance;
            (2) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
        meaning stated in section 1201(a) of the Higher Education Act 
        of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a));
            (3) the term ``Federal agency'' means a department, agency, 
        or instrumentality of the Federal Government (including an 
        executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5, United 
        States Code)); and
            (4) the term ``modified total direct costs'' means the 
        costs of--
                    (A) salaries and wages;
                    (B) fringe benefits;
                    (C) materials, supplies, services and travel; and
                    (D) awarding a subgrant to, or entering into a 
                subcontract for, not more than $25,000.

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