Public Law 118–188: To implement merit-based reforms to the civil service hiring system that replace degree-based hiring with skills- and competency-based hiring.
Public Law
188
Public Law 118–188
138 Stat. 2644
2024-12-23
2024-12-23
United States Government Publishing Office
National Archives and Records Administration
Office of the Federal Register
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PUBLIC LAW 118–188—DEC. 23, 2024
CHANCE TO COMPETE ACT OF 2024
138 STAT. 2644
Public Law
118–188
118th Congress

An Act
To implement merit-based reforms to the civil service hiring system that replace degree-based hiring with skills- and competency-based hiring.
Dec. 23, 2024
[S. 59]
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa­tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
Chance to Compete Act of 2024.
SECTION 1.
5 USC 101 note.

SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Chance to Compete Act of 2024”.
SEC. 2.

DEFINITIONS.
(a)

Amendatory Definitions.—
(1)

In general.—
Section 3304 of title 5, United States Code
,
is amended
—
(A)
by redesignating subsections (b) through (g) as subsections (h) through (m), respectively;
(B)
by redesignating subsection (a) as subsection (b); and
(C)
by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, the following:
“(a)

Definitions.—
In this section:
“(1)

Agency.—
The term ‘agency’ means an Executive agency.
“(2)

Director.—
The term ‘Director’ means the Director of the Office.
“(3)

Examination.—
The term ‘examination’ means the process by which an applicant demonstrates knowledge, skills, abilities, and competencies.
“(4)

Examining agency.—
The term ‘examining agency’ means—
“(A)
the Office; or
“(B)
an agency to which the Director has delegated examining authority under section 1104(a)(2).
“(5)

Office.—
The term ‘Office’ means the Office of Personnel Management.
“(6)

Passing score.—
The term ‘passing score’ means a minimum acceptable score or rating, consistent with applicable law, that may include a quantitative or qualitative assessment that an applicant can pass or fail.
“(7)

Relevant committees.—
The term ‘relevant committees’ means—
“(A)
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and
“(B)
the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives.138 STAT. 2645
“(8)

Subject matter expert.—
The term ‘subject matter expert’ means an employee or selecting official—
“(A)
who possesses an understanding of the duties of, and knowledge, skills, and abilities required for, the position for which the employee or selecting official is developing or administering an examination; and
“(B)
whom the delegated examining unit of the examining agency that employs the employee or selecting official designates to assist in the development and administration of technical assessments.
“(9)

Technical assessment.—
The term ‘technical assessment’ means a position-specific tool that is relevant to the position for which the tool is developed that—
“(A)
allows for the demonstration of job-related skills, abilities, knowledge, and competencies;
“(B)
is based upon a job analysis; and
“(C)
does not solely include or principally rely upon a self-assessment from an automated examination.”
.
(2)

Technical and conforming amendments.—
(A)

Title 5, united states code.—
Part III of title 5, United States Code, is amended—
(i)
in chapter 33—
(I)
in section 3302(2), by striking “3304(a)” and inserting “3304(b)”; and
(II)
in section 3330a(a)(1)(B), by striking “3304(f)(1)” and inserting “3304(l)(1)”; and
(ii)
in section 9810(b), by striking “3304(b)” and inserting “3304(h)”.
(B)

Act to establish a commission on security and cooperation in europe.—
Section 8(d)(2) of the Act entitled, “An Act to establish a Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe”, approved June 3, 1976 (22 U.S.C. 3008(d)(2)) is amended by striking “3304(c)(1)” and inserting “3304(i)(1)”.
(C)

U.S.-China relations act of 2000.—
Section 308(e)(2) of the U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 6918(e)(2)) is amended by striking “3304(c)(1)” and inserting “3304(i)(1)”.
(D)

Energy independence and security act of 2007.—
Section 136(i)(1) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17013(i)(1)) is amended by striking “3304(a)(3)” and inserting “3304(b)(3)”.
(E)

Subsection headings.—
Section 3304 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
in subsection (b), by striking “The President” and inserting “Rules.—The President”;
(ii)
in subsection (h), by striking “An individual” and inserting “Examination or Exception Required.—An individual”;
(iii)
in subsection (i), by striking “(1) For the purpose” and inserting “Technicians.—(1) For the purpose”;
(iv)
in subsection (j), by striking “The Office” and inserting “Consideration of Experience.—The office”;138 STAT. 2646
(v)
in subsection (k), by striking “Employees” and inserting “Use of Public Buildings.—Employees”; and
(vi)
in subsection (l), by striking “(1) Preference eligibles or veterans” and inserting “Preference Eligibles and Veterans.—(1) Preference eligibles or veterans”.
(b)

5 USC 3304 note.
Freestanding Definitions.—
In this Act—
(1)
each term that is defined in section 3304(a) of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall have the meaning given the term in such section 3304(a); and
(2)
the term “competitive service” has the meaning given the term in section 2102 of title 5, United States Code.
SEC. 3.

MODERNIZING FEDERAL HIRING.
Section 3304 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after subsection (b), as redesignated by section 2, the following:
“(c)

Examinations.—
“(1)

In general.—
For the purpose of testing applicants for appointment for a position, or class of positions, in the competitive service, an examining agency shall conduct an examination pursuant to subsection (b).
“(2)
Effective date.

Interim examination period.—
“(A)

Preference for technical assessment.—
During the 3-year period beginning on the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, an examining agency shall preference the use of a technical assessment, to the maximum extent practicable, to assess the job-related skills, abilities, knowledge, and competencies of an applicant for a position in the competitive service.
“(B)

Use of alternative assessment.—
During the 3-year period beginning on the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, if an examining agency determines that the use of a technical assessment to assess the job-related skills, abilities, knowledge, and competencies of an applicant for a position in the competitive service is not practicable, the examining agency may use an alternative assessment for that purpose if the examining agency includes a brief description of the rationale for the use of the alternative assessment in the job posting.
“(3)

Transition planning.—
“(A)
Deadline.

In general.—
Not later 18 months after the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, the Director shall submit to the relevant committees a plan to transition Federal hiring practices to adopt technical assessments in accordance with subsection (d), which shall include—
“(i)
the prioritization of—
“(I)
job classifications; and
“(II)
resource requirements; and
“(ii)
Timeline.
a timeline for full implementation of the transition.
“(B)

Additional consultation.—
In developing the plan under subparagraph (A), the Director shall consult with, at minimum—138 STAT. 2647
“(i)
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;
“(ii)
the Chair of the Chief Human Capital Officers Council;
“(iii)
employee representatives; and
“(iv)
relevant external stakeholders.
“(4)

Implementation of technical assessments.—
“(A)
Deadline.

Implementation of plan.—
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, the Director shall implement the plan submitted under paragraph (3).
“(B)
Effective date.

Adoption of technical assessments.—
On and after the date that is 3 years after the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, an examining agency shall use a technical assessment to examine applicants for positions in the competitive service in accordance with subsection (d).
“(C)

Waiver.—
“(i)

In general.—
The requirement under subparagraph (B) shall not apply to an examining agency with respect to a particular job series if—
“(I)
Determination.
the examining agency determines that use of a technical assessment is impracticable for the job series; and
“(II)
Certification.
the head of the examining agency submits to the Director and the relevant committees a certification that use of the technical assessment is impracticable, which certification shall include—
- “(aa)
identification of the job series;
- “(bb)
identification of the number of positions that are included in the job series within the agency for which the examining agency is conducting examinations; and
- “(cc)
a description of the rationale for the determination.
“(ii)
Time period.

Effectiveness of waiver.—
A waiver under this subparagraph shall be effective for the period—
“(I)
beginning on the date that is 1 day after the date on which the applicable certification is submitted under clause (i)(II); and
“(II)
ending on the date that is 3 years after the date on which the applicable certification is submitted under clause (i)(II).
“(iii)

No delegation of certification authority.—
The head of an examining agency may not delegate the authority to submit a certification under clause (i)(II).
“(d)

Technical Assessment.—
“(1)

In general.—
For the purpose of conducting an examination for a position in the competitive service, an individual who is determined by an examining agency to be a subject matter expert in the subject and job field of the position may—
“(A)
develop, in partnership with human resources employees of the examining agency, a position-specific assessment that is relevant to the position, based on job analysis, which may include—
“(i)
a structured interview;138 STAT. 2648
“(ii)
a work-related exercise;
“(iii)
a custom or generic procedure used to measure an applicant’s employment or career-related qualifications and interests; or
“(iv)
another assessment that—
“(I)
allows for the demonstration of job-related technical skills, abilities, and knowledge; and
“(II)
is relevant to the position for which the assessment is developed; and
“(B)
administer the assessment developed under subparagraph (A) to—
“(i)
Determination.
determine whether an applicant for the position has a passing score to be qualified for the position; or
“(ii)
rank applicants for the position for category rating purposes under section 3319.
“(2)

Feasibility study on sharing and customization of assessment.—
Deadline.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Chance to Compete Act of 2024, the Director shall—
“(A)
Examination.
Cost analysis.
conduct a feasibility study that examines the practicability, including a cost benefit analysis, of—
“(i)
the sharing of technical assessments by an examining agency with another examining agency;
“(ii)
mechanisms for each examining agency to maintain appropriate control over examination material that is shared by the examining agency as described in clause (i);
“(iii)
limits on customization of a technical assessment that is shared as described in clause (i) and mechanisms to ensure that the resulting technical assessment satisfies the requirements under part 300 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); and
“(iv)
the development of an online platform on which examining agencies can share and customize technical assessments as described in this subparagraph; and
“(B)
Reports.
submit to the relevant committees a report on the study conducted under subparagraph (A).
“(e)

Federal Agency Talent Teams.—
“(1)
Establishment.

In general.—
An agency may establish 1 or more agency talent teams, including at the component level.
“(2)

Duties.—
An agency talent team shall provide hiring support to the agency, including by—
“(A)
improving examinations;
“(B)
facilitating the writing of job announcements for the competitive service;
“(C)
sharing high-quality certificates of eligible applicants; and
“(D)
facilitating hiring for the competitive service using examinations.
“(f)
Establishment.

Office of Personnel Management Talent Team.—
The Director may establish a Federal talent team to support agency talent teams by—
“(1)
facilitating hiring actions across the Federal Government;138 STAT. 2649
“(2)
providing training;
“(3)
creating tools and guides to facilitate hiring for the competitive service; and
“(4)
developing technical assessments.
“(g)

Rulemaking.—
The Director shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to implement and interpret this section.”
.
SEC. 4.

COMPETITIVE SERVICE CANDIDATE HIRING AND REFORM.
(a)

Review.—
(1)

In general.—
Determination.
The Director shall conduct a review of examinations for hiring for each position in the competitive service that an examining agency has determined requires a minimum educational requirement because the position is of a scientific, technical, or professional nature pursuant to section 3308 of title 5, United States Code, to determine whether data, evidence, or other information justifies the need for educational requirements for the position.
(2)

Consultation.—
In carrying out paragraph (1), the Director shall consult with, at minimum—
(A)
agencies, as deemed appropriate by the Director;
(B)
employee representatives;
(C)
external experts; and
(D)
relevant stakeholders.
(b)

Report on Hiring Practices.—
Recommenda-
tions.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to the relevant committees recommendations to amend the hiring practices of examining agencies in accordance with the findings of the review conducted under subsection (a)(1).
SEC. 5.
Public information.
Web postings.
5 USC 3304 note.

REPORTS.
(a)

Implementation Reports.—
(1)
Time period.

In general.—
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter ending with the fifth publication and submission of the report, the Director shall publish on a public-facing website, and submit to the relevant committees, a report that—
(A)
Examination.
examines the progress of examining agencies in implementing the requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act; and
(B)
identifies any significant difficulties encountered in the implementation described in subparagraph (A).
(2)

Inclusion in annual report.—
The Director may include the report required under paragraph (1) as an addendum to the report required under subsection (b).
(3)
Notification.

Delayed reporting.—
If the Director is unable to publish and submit the report within the timeline required under paragraph (1), the Director shall publish on a public-facing website, and submit to the relevant committees, a notification of the delay that—
(A)
provides a reason for the delay; and
(B)
advises the public and the relevant committees of the anticipated date of publication and submission of the report.
(b)

Annual Report.—
(1)

In general.—
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Director shall publish on a public-facing website and submit to the relevant committees a report that, with respect to categories 138 STAT. 2650 of positions in the competitive service for which an examining agency examined applicants during the applicable period, includes—
(A)
the type of examination used; and
(B)
Data.
summary data from examinations that are closed, audited, and anonymous on the use of examinations for the competitive service, including technical assessments.
(2)

Demographic indicators.—
In carrying out paragraph (1), the Director shall break the data down by applicant demographic indicators to facilitate direct comparability and trendline comparisons to data available as of October 1, 2020, as a baseline.
(3)

Limitations.—
In carrying out this subsection, the Director may only publish and submit to the relevant committees data relating to examinations for which—
(A)
the related announcement is closed;
(B)
certificates have been audited; and
(C)
all hiring processes are completed.
(4)
Notification.

Delayed reporting.—
If the Director is unable to publish and submit the report within the timeline required under paragraph (1), the Director shall publish on a public-facing website, and submit to the relevant committees, a notification of the delay that—
(A)
provides a reason for the delay; and
(B)
advises the public and the relevant committees of the anticipated date of publication and submission of the report.
(c)

Provision of Data by Agencies.—
(1)

In general.—
Guidance.
Compliance.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance to examining agencies regarding the data that the Director needs from the examining agencies in order to comply with subsections (a) and (b).
(2)

Reporting timelines.—
Each examining agency shall provide the data outlined in the guidance issued by the Director under paragraph (1) on a quarterly basis.
SEC. 6.
Assessments.

GAO REPORT.
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that—
(1)
assesses the implementation of this Act and the amendments made by this Act;
(2)
assesses the impact of modifications made by this Act to the hiring process for the competitive service under section 3304 of title 5, United States Code; and
(3)
Recommenda-
tions.
makes recommendations for the improvement of the hiring process for the competitive service.138 STAT. 2651
SEC. 7.
5 USC 3304 note.

EVALUATION FOR POTENTIAL UPDATES OR REVISIONS TO GOVERNMENT-WIDE SYSTEMS OF RECORDS AT THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT.
(a)

In General.—
Deadline.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall evaluate whether the Government-wide system of records notices, the OPM/GOVT–5 Recruiting, Examining, and Placement Records, and the OPM/GOVT–6 Personnel Research and Test Validation Records, or any successor materials thereto, require updating or revision in order to support the implementation of this Act and the amendments made by this Act.
(b)

Issuance of Updates or Revisions; Notice to Congress.—
If the
Determination.
Director determines under subsection (a) that any updates or revisions are necessary, the Director, in accordance with section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the “Privacy Act”), shall promptly—
(1)
issue the updates or revisions; and
(2)
notify the relevant committees.
Approved
December 23, 2024
.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 59:
SENATE REPORTS: ┐No. 118–250 (Comm. on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs).

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 170 (2024):
Dec. 12, considered and passed Senate.
Dec. 16, considered and passed House.
○