Public Law 114–231: To support global anti-poaching efforts, strengthen the capacity of partner countries to counter wildlife trafficking, designate major wildlife trafficking countries, and for other purposes. Public Law231 Public Law 114–231130 Stat. 949 2016-10-07 2016-10-07 United States Government Publishing OfficeNational Archives and Records AdministrationOffice of the Federal Registertext/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. GPO Locator to USLM Converter 4.15.31;Stage2.202507022026-01-02 114public PUBLIC LAW 114–231—OCT. 7, 2016 130 STAT. 949 Public Law114–231 114th Congress
An Act To support global anti-poaching efforts, strengthen the capacity of partner countries to counter wildlife trafficking, designate major wildlife trafficking countries, and for other purposes.

Oct. 7, 2016

[H.R. 2494]

   Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa­tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Eliminate, Neutralize, and Disrupt Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2016.
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.(a)

16 USC 7601 note.

Short Title.—This Act may be cited as the “Eliminate, Neutralize, and Disrupt Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2016”. (b) Table of Contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1.  Sec. 2.  TITLE I— Sec. 101.  Sec. 102.  TITLE II— Sec. 201.  TITLE III— Sec. 301.  TITLE IV— Sec. 401.  Sec. 402.  Sec. 403.  Sec. 404.  TITLE V— Sec. 501.  Sec. 502. 
SEC. 2.

16 USC 7601.

DEFINITIONS.  In this Act:(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) Co-chairs of the task force.—The term “Co-Chairs of the Task Force” means the Secretary of State, the Secretary 130 STAT. 950 of the Interior, and the Attorney General, as established pursuant to Executive Order 13648. (3) Community conservation.—The term “community conservation” means an approach to conservation that recognizes the rights of local people to manage, or benefit directly and indirectly from wildlife and other natural resources in a long-term biologically viable manner and includes—(A) devolving management and governance to local communities to create positive conditions for resource use that takes into account current and future ecological requirements; and (B) building the capacity of communities for conservation and natural resource management. (4) Country of concern.—The term “country of concern” refers to a foreign country specially designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (b) of section 201 as a major source of wildlife trafficking products or their derivatives, a major transit point of wildlife trafficking products or their derivatives, or a major consumer of wildlife trafficking products, in which the government has actively engaged in or knowingly profited from the trafficking of endangered or threatened species. (5) Focus country.—The term “focus country” refers to a foreign country determined by the Secretary of State to be a major source of wildlife trafficking products or their derivatives, a major transit point of wildlife trafficking products or their derivatives, or a major consumer of wildlife trafficking products. (6) Defense article; defense service; significant military equipment; training.—The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, “significant military equipment”, and “training” have the meanings given such terms in section 47 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794). (7) Implementation plan.—The term “Implementation Plan” means the Implementation Plan for the National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking released on February 11, 2015, a modification of that plan, or a successor plan. (8) National strategy.—The term “National Strategy” means the National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking published on February 11, 2014, a modification of that strategy, or a successor strategy. (9) National wildlife services.—The term “national wildlife services” refers to the ministries and government bodies designated to manage matters pertaining to wildlife management, including poaching or trafficking, in a focus country. (10) Security force.—The term “security force” means a military, law enforcement, gendarmerie, park ranger, or any other security force with a responsibility for protecting wildlife and natural habitats. (11) Task force.—The term “Task Force” means the Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Trafficking, as established by Executive Order 13648 (78 Fed. Reg. 40621) and modified by section 201. (12) Wildlife trafficking.—The term “wildlife trafficking” refers to the poaching or other illegal taking of protected or managed species and the illegal trade in wildlife and their related parts and products.130 STAT. 951
<num value="I">TITLE I—</num><heading>PURPOSES AND POLICY</heading> <section id="d234273e369" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="101">SEC. 101. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5ddf214c-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7611">16 USC 7611</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>PURPOSES.</heading><chapeau class="indentUp0 firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="x5ddf6f6d-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  The purposes of this Act are—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f6e-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><content>to support a collaborative, interagency approach to address wildlife trafficking;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f6f-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>to protect and conserve the remaining populations of wild elephants, rhinoceroses, and other species threatened by poaching and the illegal wildlife trade;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f70-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><content>to disrupt regional and global transnational organized criminal networks and to prevent the illegal wildlife trade from being used as a source of financing for criminal groups that undermine United States and global security interests;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f71-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/4" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">(4) </num><content>to prevent wildlife poaching and trafficking from being a means to make a living in focus countries;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f72-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/5" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="5">(5) </num><content>to support the efforts of, and collaborate with, individuals, communities, local organizations, and foreign governments to combat poaching and wildlife trafficking;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f73-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/6" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="6">(6) </num><content>to assist focus countries in implementation of national wildlife anti-trafficking and poaching laws; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddf6f74-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s101/7" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="7">(7) </num><content>to ensure that United States assistance to prevent and suppress illicit wildlife trafficking is carefully planned and coordinated, and that it is systematically and rationally prioritized on the basis of detailed analysis of the nature and severity of threats to wildlife and the willingness and ability of foreign partners to cooperate effectively toward these ends.</content></paragraph> </section> <section id="d234273e417" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="102">SEC. 102. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5ddf6f75-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7612">16 USC 7612</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>STATEMENT OF UNITED STATES POLICY.</heading><chapeau class="indentUp0 firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="x5ddfe4a6-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  It is the policy of the United States—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4a7-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><content>to take immediate actions to stop the illegal global trade in wildlife and wildlife products and associated transnational organized crime;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4a8-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau>to provide technical and other forms of assistance to help focus countries halt the poaching of elephants, rhinoceroses, and other imperiled species and end the illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products, including by providing training and assistance in—</chapeau><subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4a9-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/A" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="A">(A) </num><content>wildlife protection and management of wildlife populations;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4aa-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/B" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="B">(B) </num><content>anti-poaching and effective management of protected areas including community managed and privately-owned lands;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4ab-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/C" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="C">(C) </num><content>local engagement of security forces in anti-poaching responsibilities, where appropriate;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4ac-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/D" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="D">(D) </num><content>wildlife trafficking investigative techniques, including forensic tools;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4ad-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/E" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="E">(E) </num><content>transparency and corruption issues;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4ae-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/F" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="F">(F) </num><content>management, tracking, and inventory of confiscated wildlife contraband;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4af-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/G" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="G">(G) </num><content>demand reduction strategies in countries that lack the means and resources to conduct them; and</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4b0-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/2/H" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="H">(H) </num><content>bilateral and multilateral agreements and cooperation;</content></subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4b1-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><content>to employ appropriate assets and resources of the United States Government in a coordinated manner to curtail poaching and disrupt and dismantle illegal wildlife trade networks and <page identifier="/us/stat/130/952">130 STAT. 952</page> the financing of those networks in a manner appropriate for each focus country;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4b2-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/4" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">(4) </num><content>to build upon the National Strategy and Implementation Plan to further combat wildlife trafficking in a holistic manner and guide the response of the United States Government to ensure progress in the fight against wildlife trafficking; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5ddfe4b3-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tI/s102/5" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="5">(5) </num><content>to recognize the ties of wildlife trafficking to broader forms of transnational organized criminal activities, including trafficking, and where applicable, to focus on those crimes in a coordinated, cross-cutting manner.</content></paragraph> </section> <num value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading>REPORT ON MAJOR WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING COUNTRIES</heading> <section id="d234273e507" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tII/s201" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="201">SEC. 201. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5ddfe4b4-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Consultation.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5ddfe4b5-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7621">16 USC 7621</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>REPORT.</heading><subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de00bc6-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tII/s201/a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="a">(a) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de00bc7-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Determination.</p></sidenote><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Report</inline>.—</heading><content>Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to Congress a report that lists each country determined by the Secretary of State to be a focus country within the meaning of this Act.</content></subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de00bc8-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tII/s201/b" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="b">(b) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Special Designation</inline>.—</heading><content>In each report required under subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, shall identify each country of concern listed in the report the government of which has actively engaged in or knowingly profited from the trafficking of endangered or threatened species.</content></subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de00bc9-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tII/s201/c" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="c">(c) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de00bca-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Termination date.</p></sidenote><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Sunset</inline>.—</heading><content>This section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.</content></subsection> </section> <num value="III">TITLE III—</num><heading>FRAMEWORK FOR INTERAGENCY RESPONSE</heading> <section id="d234273e558" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="301">SEC. 301. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de00bcb-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7631">16 USC 7631</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>PRESIDENTIAL TASK FORCE ON WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING.</heading><subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de0f62c-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="a">(a) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f62d-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Deadlines.</p></sidenote><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Responsibilities</inline>.—</heading><chapeau>In addition to the functions required by Executive Order 13648 (<ref href="/us/fr/78/40621">78 Fed. Reg. 40621</ref>), the Task Force shall be informed by the Secretary of State’s annual report required under section 201 and considering all available information, ensure that relevant United States Government agencies—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f62e-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f62f-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Collaboration.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f630-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Assessment.</p></sidenote><content>collaborate, to the greatest extent practicable, with the national wildlife services, or other relevant bodies of each focus country to prepare, not later than 90 days after the date of submission of the report required under section 201(a), a United States mission assessment of the threats to wildlife in that focus country and an assessment of the capacity of that country to address wildlife trafficking;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f631-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f632-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Collaboration.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f633-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Strategic plan.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f634-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Recommenda-</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f635-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">tions.</p></sidenote><content>collaborate, to the greatest extent practicable, with relevant ministries, national wildlife services, or other relevant bodies of each focus country to prepare, not later than 180 days after preparation of the assessment referred to in paragraph (1), a United States mission strategic plan that includes recommendations for addressing wildlife trafficking, taking into <page identifier="/us/stat/130/953">130 STAT. 953</page> account any regional or national strategies for addressing wildlife trafficking in a focus country developed before the preparation of such assessment;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f636-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f637-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Coordination.</p></sidenote><content>coordinate efforts among United States Federal agencies and non-Federal partners, including missions, domestic and international organizations, the private sector, and other global partners, to implement the strategic plans required by paragraph (2) in each focus country;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f638-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a/4" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">(4) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f639-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Consultation.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f63a-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Coordination.</p></sidenote><content>not less frequently than annually, consult and coordinate with stakeholders qualified to provide advice, assistance, and information regarding effective support for anti-poaching activities, coordination of regional law enforcement efforts, development of and support for effective legal enforcement mechanisms, and development of strategies to reduce illicit trade and reduce consumer demand for illegally traded wildlife and wildlife products, and other relevant topics under this Act; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f63b-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/a/5" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="5">(5) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f63c-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Coordination.</p></sidenote><content>coordinate or carry out other functions as are necessary to implement this Act.</content></paragraph> </subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de0f63d-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/b" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="b">(b) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f63e-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Coordination.</p></sidenote><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Duplication and Efficiency</inline>.—</heading><chapeau>The Task Force shall—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f63f-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/b/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><content>ensure that the activities of the Federal agencies involved in carrying out efforts under this Act are coordinated and not duplicated; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f640-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/b/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>encourage efficiencies and coordination among the efforts of Federal agencies and interagency initiatives ongoing as of the date of the enactment of this Act to address trafficking activities, including trafficking of wildlife, humans, weapons, and narcotics, illegal trade, transnational organized crime, or other illegal activities.</content></paragraph> </subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de0f641-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/c" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="c">(c) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Consistency With Agency Responsibilities</inline>.—</heading><content>The Task Force shall carry out its responsibilities under this Act in a manner consistent with the authorities and responsibilities of agencies represented on the Task Force.</content></subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de0f642-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="d">(d) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f643-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Deadlines.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f644-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Assessment.</p></sidenote><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Task Force Strategic Review</inline>.—</heading><chapeau>One year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Task Force shall submit a strategic assessment of its work and provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional committees that shall include—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f645-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><chapeau>a review and assessment of the Task Force’s implementation of this Act, identifying successes, failures, and gaps in its work, or that of agencies represented on the Task Force, including detailed descriptions of—</chapeau><subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f646-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/1/A" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="A">(A) </num><content>what approaches, initiatives, or programs have succeeded best in increasing the willingness and capacity of focus countries to suppress and prevent illegal wildlife trafficking, and what approaches, initiatives, or programs have not succeeded as well as hoped; and</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f647-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/1/B" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="B">(B) </num><content>which foreign governments subject to subsections (a) and (b) of section 201 have proven to be the most successful partners in suppressing and preventing illegal wildlife trafficking, which focus countries have not proven to be so, and what factors contributed to these results in each country discussed;</content></subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f648-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>a description of each Task Force member agency’s priorities and objectives for combating wildlife trafficking;<page identifier="/us/stat/130/954">130 STAT. 954</page></content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f649-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><content>an account of total United States funding each year since fiscal year 2014 for all government agencies and programs involved in countering poaching and wildlife trafficking;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f64a-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/4" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">(4) </num><content>an account of total United States funding since fiscal year 2014 to support the activities of the Task Force, including administrative overhead costs and congressional reporting; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de0f64b-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/d/5" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="5">(5) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f64c-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Recommenda-</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f64d-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">tions.</p></sidenote><content>recommendations for how to improve United States and international efforts to suppress and prevent illegal wildlife trafficking in the future, based upon the Task Force’s experience as of the time of the review.</content></paragraph> </subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de0f64e-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIII/s301/e" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="e">(e) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Termination of Task Force</inline>.—</heading><content>The statutory authorization for the Task Force provided by this Act shall terminate 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act or such earlier date that the President terminates the Task Force by rescinding, superseding, or otherwise modifying relevant portions of Executive Order 13648.</content></subsection> </section> <num value="IV">TITLE IV—</num><heading>PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS THE ESCALATING WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING CRISIS</heading> <section id="d234273e744" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s401" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="401">SEC. 401. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de0f64f-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7641">16 USC 7641</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>ANTI-POACHING PROGRAMS.</heading><subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de11c60-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s401/a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="a">(a) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Wildlife Law Enforcement Professional Training and Coordination Activities</inline>.<sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de11c61-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Collaboration.</p></sidenote>—</heading><content>The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in collaboration with the heads of other relevant United States agencies and nongovernmental partners where appropriate, may provide assistance to focus countries to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required by section 301(a)(2), among other goals, to improve the effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement in regions and countries that have demonstrated capacity, willingness, and need for assistance.</content></subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de11c62-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s401/b" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="b">(b) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Sense of Congress Regarding Security Assistance To Counter Wildlife Trafficking and Poaching in Africa</inline>.—</heading><content>It is the sense of Congress that the United States should continue to provide defense articles (not including significant military equipment), defense services, and related training to appropriate security forces of countries of Africa for the purposes of countering wildlife trafficking and poaching.</content></subsection> </section> <section id="d234273e776" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s402" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="402">SEC. 402. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de11c63-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Collaboration.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de11c64-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7642">16 USC 7642</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>ANTI-TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS.</heading><subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de14375-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s402/a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="a">(a) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Investigative Capacity Building</inline>.—</heading><content>The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in collaboration with the heads of other relevant United States agencies and communities, regions, and governments in focus countries, may design and implement programs in focus countries to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required under section 301(a)(2) among other goals, with clear and measurable targets and indicators of success, to increase the capacity of wildlife law enforcement and customs and border security officers in focus countries.</content></subsection> <subsection class="firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="y5de14376-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s402/b" style="-uslm-lc:I658120"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="b">(b) </num><heading class="fontsize10"><inline class="smallCaps">Transnational Programs</inline>.—</heading><content>The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in collaboration with other relevant United States agencies, nongovernmental partners, and international bodies, and <page identifier="/us/stat/130/955">130 STAT. 955</page> in collaboration with communities, regions, and governments in focus countries, may design and implement programs, including support for Wildlife Enforcement Networks, in focus countries to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required under section 301(a)(2), among other goals, to better understand and combat the transnational trade in illegal wildlife.</content></subsection> </section> <section id="d234273e810" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s403" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="403">SEC. 403. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de14377-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Deadline.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de14378-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7643">16 USC 7643</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>ENGAGEMENT OF UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS.</heading><content style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  As soon as practicable but not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, each chief of mission to a focus country should begin to implement the recommendations contained in the strategic plan required under section 301(a)(2), among other goals, for the country.</content></section> <section id="d234273e824" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="404">SEC. 404. </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de16a89-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180"><ref href="/us/usc/t16/s7644">16 USC 7644</ref>.</p></sidenote><heading>COMMUNITY CONSERVATION.</heading><chapeau class="indentUp0 firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="x5de1b8aa-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  The Secretary of State, in collaboration with the United State Agency for International Development, heads of other relevant United States agencies, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and other development partners, may provide support in focus countries to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required under section 301(a)(2) as such recommendations relate to the development, scaling, and replication of community wildlife conservancies and community conservation programs in focus countries to assist with rural stability and greater security for people and wildlife, empower and support communities to manage or benefit from their wildlife resources in a long-term biologically viable manner, and reduce the threat of poaching and trafficking, including through—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8ab-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><content>promoting conservation-based enterprises and incentives, such as eco-tourism and stewardship-oriented agricultural production, that empower communities to manage wildlife, natural resources, and community ventures where appropriate, by ensuring they benefit from well-managed wildlife populations;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8ac-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>helping create alternative livelihoods to poaching by mitigating wildlife trafficking, helping support rural stability, greater security for people and wildlife, responsible economic development, and economic incentives to conserve wildlife populations;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8ad-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><content>engaging regional businesses and the private sector to develop goods and services to aid in anti-poaching and anti-trafficking measures;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8ae-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/4" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">(4) </num><content>working with communities to develop secure and safe methods of sharing information with enforcement officials;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8af-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/5" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="5">(5) </num><content>providing technical assistance to support land use stewardship plans to improve the economic, environmental, and social outcomes in community-owned or -managed lands;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8b0-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/6" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="6">(6) </num><content>supporting community anti-poaching efforts, including policing and informant networks;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8b1-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/7" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="7">(7) </num><content>working with community and national governments to develop relevant policy and regulatory frameworks to enable and promote community conservation programs, including supporting law enforcement engagement with wildlife protection authorities to promote information-sharing; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de1b8b2-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tIV/s404/8" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="8">(8) </num><content>working with national governments to ensure that communities have timely and effective support from national authorities to mitigate risks that communities may face when engaging in anti-poaching and anti-trafficking activities.<page identifier="/us/stat/130/956">130 STAT. 956</page></content></paragraph> </section> <num value="V">TITLE V—</num><heading>OTHER ACTIONS RELATING TO WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS</heading> <section id="d234273e886" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501" role="instruction" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="501">SEC. 501. </num><heading>AMENDMENTS TO FISHERMAN’S PROTECTIVE ACT OF 1967.</heading><chapeau class="indentUp0 firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="x5de206d3-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  Section 8 of the Fisherman’s Protective Act of 1967 (<ref href="/us/usc/t22/s1978">22 U.S.C. 1978</ref>) <amendingAction type="amend">is amended</amendingAction>—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d4-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><chapeau>in subsection (a)—</chapeau><subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d5-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1/A" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="A">(A) </num><content>in paragraph (1), by <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> “<quotedText>, in consultation with the Secretary of State,</quotedText>” after “<quotedText>Secretary of Commerce</quotedText>”;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d6-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1/B" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="B">(B) </num><content>in paragraph (2), by <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> “<quotedText>, in consultation with the Secretary of State,</quotedText>” after “<quotedText>Secretary of the Interior</quotedText>”;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d7-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1/C" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="C">(C) </num><content>in paragraph (3), by <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> “<quotedText>in consultation with the Secretary of State,</quotedText>” after “<quotedText>, as appropriate,</quotedText>”;</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d8-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1/D" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="D">(D) </num><content>by redesigning paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206d9-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/1/E" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="E">(E) </num><content>by <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph:<quotedContent><paragraph class="indentDown1 fontsize10" id="y5de206da-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="4">“(4) </num><sidenote><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de206db-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Reports.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de206dc-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Certification.</p><p class="leftAlign firstIndent0 fontsize8" id="x5de206dd-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658180">Deadline.</p></sidenote><content>The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior shall each report to Congress each certification to the President made by such Secretary under this subsection, within 15 days after making such certification.”</content></paragraph> </quotedContent>; and</content></subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de206de-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s501/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>in subsection (d), by <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> “<quotedText>in consultation with the Secretary of State,</quotedText>” after “<quotedText>as the case may be,</quotedText>”.</content></paragraph> </section> <section id="d234273e968" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s502" role="instruction" style="-uslm-lc:I658143"><num class="fontsize12" value="502">SEC. 502. </num><heading>WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING VIOLATIONS AS PREDICATE OFFENSES UNDER MONEY LAUNDERING STATUTE.</heading><chapeau class="indentUp0 firstIndent0 fontsize10" id="x5de22def-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658120">  <ref href="/us/usc/t18/s1956/c/7">Section 1956(c)(7) of title 18, United States Code</ref>, <amendingAction type="amend">is amended</amendingAction>—</chapeau><paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de22df0-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s502/1" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="1">(1) </num><content>in subparagraph (E), by <amendingAction type="delete">striking</amendingAction> “<quotedText>; or</quotedText>” and <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> a semicolon;</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de22df1-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s502/2" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="2">(2) </num><content>in subparagraph (F), by <amendingAction type="delete">striking</amendingAction> the semicolon and <amendingAction type="insert">inserting</amendingAction> “<quotedText>; or</quotedText>”; and</content></paragraph> <paragraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de22df2-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" identifier="/us/pl/114/231/tV/s502/3" style="-uslm-lc:I658122"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="3">(3) </num><content>by <amendingAction type="add">adding</amendingAction> at the end the following new subparagraph:<quotedContent><subparagraph class="fontsize10" id="y5de22df3-e85a-11f0-a1e4-69761a48a15a" style="-uslm-lc:I658124"><num class="fontsize10" style="-uslm-lc:emspace2" value="G">“(G) </num><content>any act that is a criminal violation of subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) of paragraph (1) of section 9(a) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (<ref href="/us/usc/t16/s1538/a/1">16 U.S.C. 1538(a)(1)</ref>), section 2203 of the African Elephant Conservation Act (<ref href="/us/usc/t16/s4223">16 U.S.C. 4223</ref>), or section 7(a) of the Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act of 1994 (<ref href="/us/usc/t16/s5305a/a">16 U.S.C. 5305a(a)</ref>), if the endangered or threatened species of fish or wildlife, products, items, or substances involved in the <page identifier="/us/stat/130/957">130 STAT. 957</page> violation and relevant conduct, as applicable, have a total value of more than $10,000;”</content></subparagraph> </quotedContent>.</content></paragraph> </section> Approved October 7, 2016.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 2494: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Vol. 161 (2015):

Nov. 2, considered and passed House.

Vol. 162 (2016):

Sept. 15, considered and passed Senate, amended.

Sept. 21, House concurred in Senate amendment.

 ○