<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><BillSummaries>
    <item congress="117" measure-type="hr" measure-number="5398" measure-id="id117hr5398" originChamber="HOUSE" orig-publish-date="2021-09-28" update-date="2022-04-04">
        <title>Defending Students’ Civil Rights Act of 2021</title>
        <summary summary-id="id117hr5398v00" currentChamber="HOUSE" update-date="2022-04-04">
            <action-date>2021-09-28</action-date>
            <action-desc>Introduced in House</action-desc>
            <summary-text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Defending Students' Civil Rights Act of 2021</b></p> <p>This bill prohibits the use of critical race theory or critical race pedagogy in any federally funded program or activity. </p> <p>Specifically, the bill includes the use of critical race theory or critical race pedagogy as a violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in federally funded programs or activities. </p> <p>The bill defines <i>critical race pedagogy</i> as the separation of students or teachers, or the assignment of characteristics or assumptions, based on race, color, or national origin. The bill defines <i>critical race theory</i> as a curriculum that establishes specified principles relating to race or sex, including that (1) one race or sex is inherently superior to another, (2) the United States is fundamentally racist or sexist, and (3) an individual bears responsibility for the past actions of others of the same race or sex.</p>]]></summary-text>
        </summary>
    </item>
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        <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
        <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
        <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
        <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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