Directs the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MEDPAC) to report to Congress on the relationship between: (1) physician and other health professional utilization and expenditures (and their rates of increase) on items and services for which Medicare payment is made, and (2) total utilization and expenditures (and the rate of increase of such utilization and expenditures) under Medicare parts A (Hospital Insurance), B, and D (Voluntary Prescription Drug Benefit Program).

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish a value-based performance (VBP) incentive program by consolidating (with certain revisions) the existing: (1) electronic health record (EHR) meaningful use incentive program, (2) quality reporting program, and (3) value-based payment program.

Requires VBP-eligible professionals (excluding most APM participants) to receive annual payment increases or decreases based on their performance.

Defines VBP-eligible professional as: (1) a physician, a physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, and a certified registered nurse anesthetist during the VBP program's first two years, and (2) also other eligible professionals specified by the Secretary for succeeding years.

Excludes from treatment as a VBP eligible professional any eligible professional who is: (1) a qualifying APM participant; (2) a partial qualifying APM participant for the most recent period for which data are available and who, for the performance period with respect to that year, does not report on applicable measures and activities a VBP professional is required to report; or (3) does not exceed, for that performance period, a specified low-volume threshold measurement.

Qualifies for VBP incentive payments a partial qualifying APM participant who reports on applicable measures and activities a VBP professional is required to report.

Prescribes requirements for: (1) application of the VBP program to group practices; and (2) measures and activities under the performance categories of quality, resource use, clinical practice improvement, and meaningful use of EHR technology.

Requires the Secretary to: (1) establish performance standards for the VBP program, taking into account historical performance standards, improvement rates, and the opportunity for continued improvement; and (2) develop a methodology for assessing the total performance of each VBP eligible professional according to such standards with respect to applicable measures and activities for each performance category, leading to a composite performance score for each professional for each performance period.

Prescribes requirements for creation of a performance funding pool from which all VBP program incentives payments shall be made. Makes such a funding pool consist of the total amount of specified gradual reductions to the otherwise applicable physician fee schedule for the years 2017-2021 and following years.

Prescribes a formula for the calculation of VBP program incentive payments, beginning with 2017, subject to criteria for budget neutrality as well as a process for informal review of the calculation of an individual professional's VBP program incentive payment adjustment factor for a year.

Directs the Secretary to enter into contracts or agreements with appropriate entities (such as quality improvement organizations, regional extension centers, or regional health collaboratives) to offer guidance and assistance about performance categories or transition to an APM to MIPS-eligible professionals in practices of 15 or fewer professionals (with priority given to such practices located in rural areas, health professional shortage areas, medically underserved areas, and practices with low composite performance scores).

Requires the Secretary to make available to each VBP eligible professional timely (such as quarterly) confidential feedback and other information to improve performance.

Requires the Comptroller General (GAO) to: (1) evaluate the VBP program; and (2) report on the similarities and differences in the use of quality measures under the original Medicare fee-for-service program, the Medicare Advantage program under Medicare part C, and private payer arrangements, and make recommendations on how to reduce the administrative burden involved in applying such quality measures.

Prescribes incentive payments for participation in eligible APMs between 2017 and 2022, consisting of an additional 5% of the current-year payment amount for the covered professional services for the preceding year.

Directs the Secretary to study: (1) the applicability of federal fraud prevention laws to items and services furnished under Medicare for which payment is made under an APM, (2) aspects of such APMs that are vulnerable to fraudulent activity, and (3) the implication of waivers to such laws granted in support of such APMs.

Directs the Secretary to study: (1) the effect of individuals' socioeconomic status on quality and resource use outcome measures for individuals under the Medicare program, and (2) the impact of certain risk factors on such quality and resource use outcome measures.

Directs the Secretary, taking account of such studies, to: (1) estimate how an individual's health status and other risk factors affect quality and resource use outcome measures and, as feasible, to incorporate information from quality and resource use outcome measurement into the eligible professional VBP incentive program; and (2) account for other identified factors with an effect on quality and resource use outcome measures when determining payment adjustments under the VBP incentive program.

Directs the Secretary to develop and report to Congress on a strategic plan for collecting or otherwise assessing data on race and ethnicity for purposes of carrying out the eligible professional VBP incentive program.

Directs the Secretary to take certain steps, including development of care episode and patient condition groups as well as proposed classification codes, in order to involve the physician, practitioner, and other stakeholder communities in enhancing the infrastructure for resource use measurement for VBP, APM, and other purposes.

(Sec. 3) Directs the Secretary to develop and post on the Internet website of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) a draft plan as well as an operational plan, taking stakeholder comments on the draft plan into account, for the development of quality measures.

Directs the Secretary to enter into contracts or other arrangements with entities, which may include physician specialty societies and other practitioner organizations, for the purpose of developing, improving, updating, or expanding such quality measures.

Requires the Secretary to transfer $15 million from the Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund to the CMS Program Management Account for each of FY2014-2018.

(Sec. 4) Requires the Secretary to: (1) establish one or more Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes for chronic care management services for patients with chronic care needs, and (2) make payments for any such services furnished by an applicable provider.

(Sec. 5) Authorizes the Secretary to: (1) collect or obtain information from any eligible professional or any other source on the resources directly or indirectly related to furnishing services paid for under the Medicare fee schedule, and (2) use such information to determine relative values for those services.

Authorizes the Secretary to establish or adjust practice expense relative values using cost, charge, or other data from suppliers or service providers, including any such collected or obtained information.

Expands the list of codes the Secretary must examine to identify services that may be misvalued, including codes: (1) that account for the majority of spending under the physician fee schedule, (2) that have experienced a substantial change in the hospital length of stay or procedure time, (3) for which there is a significant difference in payment for the same service between different sites of service, (4) with high intra-service work per unit of time, (5) with high practice expense relative value units (RVUs), and (6) with high cost supplies.

Sets at 0.5% of the estimated amount of fee schedule expenditures in 2015-2018 the annual target (estimated net reduction in expenditures under the fee schedule) with respect to relative value adjustments for misvalued services.

Declares that, for fee schedules beginning with 2015, if the RVUs for a service for a year would otherwise be decreased by an estimated 20% or more as compared to the total RVUs for the previous year, the applicable adjustments in work, practice expense, and malpractice RVUs must be phased-in over a two-year period.

Directs GAO to study the processes used by the Relative Value Scale Update Committee (RUC) (of the American Medical Association) to make recommendations to the Secretary regarding relative values for specific services.

Requires the use on or after January 1, 2017, of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) as fee schedule areas in California, with all areas not included in an MSA to be treated as a single rest-of-state fee schedule area.

Prescribes a formula for the geographic index values applied to the physicians fee schedule for MSAs previously in the rest-of-payment locality or in locality 3.

(Sec. 6) Directs the Secretary to: (1) establish a program to promote the use of appropriate use criteria for certain advanced diagnostic imaging services furnished by ordering and furnishing professionals, and (2) specify applicable appropriate use criteria for imaging services from among appropriate use criteria developed or endorsed by national professional medical specialty societies or other entities.

Directs the Secretary to: (1) determine, on a periodic basis, outlier ordering professionals; (2) apply prior authorization for applicable imaging services ordered by an outlier ordering professional; (3) establish an appropriate use program for other Medicare part B services; and (4) make publicly available on the Physician Compare website specified information with respect to an eligible professional.

(Sec. 8) Expands the kinds (including standardized extracts) and uses of claims data available to qualified entities for quality improvement activities, including analysis of data for non-public uses as well as their provision or sale (subject to certain conditions) to physicians, other professionals, providers, medical societies, and hospital associations and certain other entities.

Directs the Secretary to provide Medicare claims data to requesting qualified clinical data registries to link it with clinical data and perform analyses and research to support quality improvement or patient safety.

Restricts access to claims data through a qualified data enclave only (a web-based portal or comparable mechanism) from which data cannot be extracted. Requires any data or analyses to have no individually identifiable data about a particular patient, with specified exceptions.

Requires any fees charged for making standardized extracts of claims data available to qualified entities to be deposited into the CMS Program Management Account (currently, into the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund).

(Sec. 9) Permits continuing automatic extensions of a Medicare physician and practitioner election to opt-out of the Medicare physician payment system into private contracts.

Directs the Secretary to: (1) make publicly available through an appropriate publicly accessible website information on the number and characteristics of opt-out physicians and practitioners, and (2) establish a demonstration project to make sure that Medicare payments for services furnished by non-participating physicians to individuals entitled to benefits under part A or enrolled under part B are paid directly to such physicians.

Directs the Secretary to make recommendations to Congress to amend existing fraud and abuse law to permit gainsharing or similar arrangements between physicians and hospitals that improve care while reducing waste and increasing efficiency.

Declares it a national objective to achieve widespread and nationwide exchange of health information through interoperable certified EHR technology by December 31, 2019, as a consequence of a significant federal investment in the implementation of health information technology through the Medicare EHR incentive programs.

Directs the Secretary to study the feasibility of establishing a website to compare certified EHR technology products.

Requires a GAO study on the use of telehealth under federal programs.

Phases in a Quality Update Incentive Program (QUIP) under which the 0.5% update to physicians' payment rates, beginning in 2019, shall be adjusted by an applicable quality adjustment for a physician's performance under QUIP.

Requires the quality reporting system to cover clinical practice improvement activities that relevant eligible professional organizations and other relevant stakeholders identify as improving clinical practice or care delivery and the Secretary determines are likely to result in improved outcomes.

Prescribes requirements for establishment of core measure sets as well as quality measures for them.

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to identify and publish a list of peer cohorts, including for multispecialty groups, by which eligible professionals shall self-identify with respect to a performance period and for whom a final core measure set shall be assessed to determine the applicable quality adjustment.

Directs the Secretary to establish an eligible professional QUIP meeting specified criteria, including one or more methods to assess an eligible professional's performance with respect to quality measures and clinical practice improvement activities.

Directs the Secretary to establish a process for the testing and implementing of cost-effective and high-quality Alternative Payment Models.

(Sec. 3) Allows qualified entities to use Medicare claims data they receive, and information derived from a specified performance evaluation of service providers and suppliers, for additional analyses they may provide or sell to such providers and suppliers.

Requires the Secretary to provide such data to qualified entities to facilitate development of new models of care.

(Sec. 4) Requires the Secretary to develop one or more Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes for complex chronic care management services for patients with complex chronic care needs. Requires participating physicians to: (1) be certified as a medical home or have an equivalent certification, or (2) be recognized as a patient-centered specialty practice.

(Sec. 5) Directs the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to request eligible professional organizations and other relevant stakeholders to submit recommendations for defining non-acute related episodes of care.

Directs the CMS Administrator to solicit from eligible professional organizations recommendations for payment bundles for chronic conditions and expensive, high volumes services.

Directs the Secretary to: (1) implement a system for physicians to report periodically data on the accuracy of relative values, such as data relating to service volume and time; and (2) establish a mechanism for physicians to participate as a reporting group under the system.

Requires the Secretary, with respect to 2016, 2017, and 2018 fee schedules, to: (1) identify misvalued services for which adjustments to the relative values would result in a net reduction in expenditures under the fee schedule for the year of at most 1% of the projected amount of expenditures; and (2) make such adjustments for each year so as to result in such a net reduction.

Declares that the development, recognition, or implementation of any guideline or other standard under any federal health care provision shall not be construed to establish the standard of care or duty of care owed by a health care provider to a patient in any medical malpractice or medical product liability action or claim.]]>

Requires the update for a year beginning with 2019 to be adjusted by the applicable determined quality adjustment for any eligible professional who does not have a payment arrangement (eligible professional quality update incentive program).

Prescribes requirements for core measure sets as well as quality measures for them.

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish: (1) an eligible professional quality update incentive program meeting specified criteria, and (2) one or more methods to assess an eligible professional's performance with respect to quality measures and clinical practice improvement activities.

Amends SSA title XVIII part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance) to require payment for covered professional services furnished by an eligible professional under a specified Alternative Payment Model (APM) to be made under Medicare in accordance with the payment arrangement under such model. Directs the Secretary to establish a process to implement eligible APMs.

Sets forth requirements for: (1) expanding uses of Medicare data by qualified entities; (2) promoting care coordination and Medicare homes; (3) soliciting recommendations on non-acute episodes of care definitions; and (4) establishing a physician reporting system to improve the accuracy of relative values, such as data relating to service volume and time.