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  <bill>
    <number>428</number>
    <updateDate>2026-02-04T05:06:13Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2026-02-04T05:06:13Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>S</originChamberCode>
    <type>S</type>
    <introducedDate>2025-02-05</introducedDate>
    <congress>119</congress>
    <legislationUrl>https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/428</legislationUrl>
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        <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
        <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
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          <item>
            <name>Reported By</name>
            <date>2025-09-29T19:33:33Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Markup By</name>
            <date>2025-03-12T14:00:04Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred To</name>
            <date>2025-02-05T21:22:38Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
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    </committees>
    <committeeReports>
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        <citation>S. Rept. 119-65</citation>
      </committeeReport>
    </committeeReports>
    <actions>
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        <actionDate>2025-09-29</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 170.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2025-09-29</actionDate>
        <committees>
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            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cruz with amendments. With written report No. 119-65.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2025-09-29</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cruz with amendments. With written report No. 119-65.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>14000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
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          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2025-03-12</actionDate>
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          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment favorably.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2025-02-05</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
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        <actionDate>2025-02-05</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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        <actionCode>10000</actionCode>
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          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001056</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Cornyn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
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    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000595</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI]</fullName>
        <firstName>Gary</firstName>
        <lastName>Peters</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000437</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Wicker</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001243</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marsha</firstName>
        <lastName>Blackburn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H000273</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Hickenlooper</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <middleName>W.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000377</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kelly, Mark [D-AZ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mark</firstName>
        <lastName>Kelly</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AZ</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001227</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Eric</firstName>
        <lastName>Schmitt</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000570</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Lujan, Ben Ray [D-NM]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ben</firstName>
        <lastName>Luján</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NM</state>
        <middleName>R.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-02-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <cboCostEstimates>
      <item>
        <pubDate>2025-09-22T20:30:00Z</pubDate>
        <title>S. 428, SAFE Orbit Act</title>
        <url>https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61757</url>
        <description>As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on March 12, 2025</description>
      </item>
    </cboCostEstimates>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Advanced technology and technological innovations</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Congressional oversight</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Department of Commerce</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Executive agency funding and structure</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International scientific cooperation</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Space flight and exploration</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Spacecraft and satellites</name>
          <updateDate>2025-03-20T14:25:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
        <updateDate>2025-03-10T18:12:29Z</updateDate>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2025-02-05</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2025-06-09T16:22:57Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situational Awareness of Flying Elements in Orbit Act or the SAFE Orbit Act&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This bill provides statutory authority for the Traffic Coordination System for Space, which is being developed by the Office of Space Commerce to provide space situational awareness data and services to space operators. (&lt;em&gt;Space situational awareness&lt;/em&gt; means an understanding of the space operational environment and the identification, tracking, and prediction of the behavior of space objects and debris.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As an initial matter, the bill provides for the elevation of the Office of Space Commerce to a standalone bureau within the Department of Commerce. (The office currently sits within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The bill authorizes the bureau to acquire location tracking data, positional and orbit determination information, conjunction data messages, and other data, analytics, information, and services deemed necessary to avoid collisions in space. The bureau must disseminate this information at no charge (1) through a public database of space situational awareness information and services, including space traffic coordination; and (2) through the provision of basic situational awareness services to satellite operators. The bill also sets forth certain requirements for the collection and dissemination of such information, including that, to the extent practicable, the provision of service to satellite operators may not compete with private situational awareness products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the bill provides immunity for the United States government from any suit for a cause of action arising from the provision or receipt of space situational awareness services or information.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>SAFE Orbit Act</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>103</titleTypeCode>
        <title>SAFE Orbit Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-10-01T04:53:13Z</updateDate>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Reported to Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>RS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>103</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Situational Awareness of Flying Elements in Orbit Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-10-01T04:53:13Z</updateDate>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Reported to Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>RS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>SAFE Orbit Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-09-30T11:03:15Z</updateDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>SAFE Orbit Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-07T16:23:22Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Situational Awareness of Flying Elements in Orbit Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-07T16:23:22Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>6</titleTypeCode>
        <title>A bill to promote space situational awareness and space traffic coordination and to modify the functions and leadership of the Office of Space Commerce, and for other purposes.</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-07T16:18:23Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
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    </titles>
    <textVersions>
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        <type>Reported to Senate</type>
        <date>2025-09-29T04:00:00Z</date>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-119s428rs/xml/BILLS-119s428rs.xml</url>
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        <type>Introduced in Senate</type>
        <date>2025-02-05T05:00:00Z</date>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-119s428is/xml/BILLS-119s428is.xml</url>
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        </formats>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2025-09-29</actionDate>
      <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 170.</text>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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