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    <number>33</number>
    <updateDate>2025-05-07T12:45:28Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2025-05-07T12:45:28Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>S</originChamberCode>
    <type>S</type>
    <introducedDate>2025-01-08</introducedDate>
    <congress>119</congress>
    <committees>
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        <systemCode>ssga00</systemCode>
        <name>Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
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          <item>
            <name>Referred To</name>
            <date>2025-01-08T18:36:16Z</date>
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      <item>
        <title>Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025</title>
        <congress>119</congress>
        <number>1605</number>
        <type>HR</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2025-02-26</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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            <identifiedBy>CRS</identifiedBy>
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        <actionDate>2025-01-08</actionDate>
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            <name>Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</name>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.</text>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2025-01-08</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>10000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001227</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Eric</firstName>
        <lastName>Schmitt</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
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    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001098</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ted</firstName>
        <lastName>Cruz</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001096</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kevin</firstName>
        <lastName>Cramer</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>ND</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000603</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Rand</firstName>
        <lastName>Paul</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>KY</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000295</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Ernst, Joni [R-IA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Joni</firstName>
        <lastName>Ernst</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001305</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ted</firstName>
        <lastName>Budd</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NC</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001243</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marsha</firstName>
        <lastName>Blackburn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001319</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Katie</firstName>
        <lastName>Britt</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H000601</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Hagerty, Bill [R-TN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bill</firstName>
        <lastName>Hagerty</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-01-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Law</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects/>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Law</name>
        <updateDate>2025-05-01T20:32:06Z</updateDate>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2025-01-08</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2025-05-02T13:37:51Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Separation of Powers Restoration Act&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of 2025 or SOPRA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This bill modifies the scope of judicial review of agency actions to authorize courts reviewing agency actions to decide de novo (i.e., without giving deference to the agency's interpretation) all relevant questions of law, including the interpretation of (1) constitutional and statutory provisions, (2) rules made by agencies, (3) interpretative rules, (4) general statements of policy, and (5) all other agency guidance documents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No law may exempt a civil action from the standard of review required by this bill except by specific reference to such provision.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>SOPRA</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>SOPRA</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-04T12:53:21Z</updateDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>SOPRA</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-04T12:53:19Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-04T12:53:19Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>6</titleTypeCode>
        <title>A bill to amend title 5, United States Code, to clarify the nature of judicial review of agency interpretations of statutory and regulatory provisions.</title>
        <updateDate>2025-03-04T12:48:28Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
    </titles>
    <textVersions>
      <item>
        <type>Introduced in Senate</type>
        <date>2025-01-08T05:00:00Z</date>
        <formats>
          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-119s33is/xml/BILLS-119s33is.xml</url>
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        </formats>
      </item>
    </textVersions>
    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2025-01-08</actionDate>
      <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.</text>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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