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    <number>1296</number>
    <updateDate>2026-03-12T11:03:18Z</updateDate>
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    <introducedDate>2025-04-03</introducedDate>
    <congress>119</congress>
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        <name>Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
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            <date>2025-04-03T20:19:13Z</date>
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        <title>DETERRENT Act</title>
        <congress>119</congress>
        <number>1048</number>
        <type>HR</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2025-03-31</actionDate>
          <text>Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.</text>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.</text>
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        <actionDate>2025-04-03</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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        <bioguideId>T000476</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC]</fullName>
        <firstName>Thomas</firstName>
        <lastName>Tillis</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NC</state>
        <middleName>Roland</middleName>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
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        <fullName>Sen. Cassidy, Bill [R-LA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bill</firstName>
        <lastName>Cassidy</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>LA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>B001243</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marsha</firstName>
        <lastName>Blackburn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001047</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV]</fullName>
        <firstName>Shelley</firstName>
        <lastName>Capito</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>WV</state>
        <middleName>Moore</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>C001056</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Cornyn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>E000295</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Ernst, Joni [R-IA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Joni</firstName>
        <lastName>Ernst</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000386</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Grassley, Chuck [R-IA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Chuck</firstName>
        <lastName>Grassley</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001217</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Rick</firstName>
        <lastName>Scott</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000618</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Ricketts, Pete [R-NE]</fullName>
        <firstName>Pete</firstName>
        <lastName>Ricketts</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NE</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001227</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Eric</firstName>
        <lastName>Schmitt</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000571</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cynthia</firstName>
        <lastName>Lummis</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>WY</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>R000584</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]</fullName>
        <firstName>James</firstName>
        <lastName>Risch</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>ID</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000880</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mike</firstName>
        <lastName>Crapo</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>ID</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-04-07</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001035</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Collins, Susan M. [R-ME]</fullName>
        <firstName>Susan</firstName>
        <lastName>Collins</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>ME</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-06-02</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000605</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mike</firstName>
        <lastName>Rounds</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>SD</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2025-07-22</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000393</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kennedy, John [R-LA]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Kennedy</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>LA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2026-03-11</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Education</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects/>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Education</name>
        <updateDate>2025-05-01T15:58:01Z</updateDate>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2025-04-03</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2025-12-12T20:25:06Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[<p><strong>Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act or the DETERRENT Act</strong></p><p>This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs).</p><p>Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE</p><ul><li>receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount;</li><li>receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value;</li><li>enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or</li><li>is substantially controlled by a foreign source.</li></ul><p>Additionally, the bill</p><ul><li>prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver, and</li><li>requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources.</li></ul><p>The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>DETERRENT Act</title>
    <titles>
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        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>DETERRENT Act</title>
        <updateDate>2026-03-12T11:03:18Z</updateDate>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>DETERRENT Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-04-15T04:23:15Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-04-15T04:23:15Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>6</titleTypeCode>
        <title>A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to strengthen disclosure requirements relating to foreign gifts and contracts, to prohibit contracts between institutions of higher education and certain foreign entities and countries of concern, and for other purposes.</title>
        <updateDate>2025-04-15T04:18:40Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
    </titles>
    <textVersions>
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        <type>Introduced in Senate</type>
        <date>2025-04-03T04:00:00Z</date>
        <formats>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-119s1296is/xml/BILLS-119s1296is.xml</url>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2025-04-03</actionDate>
      <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.</text>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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