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<billStatus>
  <version>3.0.0</version>
  <bill>
    <number>81</number>
    <updateDate>2025-01-03T08:10:23Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2025-01-03T08:10:23Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>S</originChamberCode>
    <type>S</type>
    <introducedDate>2023-01-25</introducedDate>
    <congress>118</congress>
    <actions>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-01-26</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 5.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-01-25</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Introduced in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-01-25</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>10000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
    </actions>
    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001198</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Marshall, Roger [R-KS]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Marshall</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>KS</state>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000603</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Rand</firstName>
        <lastName>Paul</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>KY</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000295</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Ernst, Joni [R-IA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Joni</firstName>
        <lastName>Ernst</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>T000278</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Tuberville, Tommy [R-AL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tommy</firstName>
        <lastName>Tuberville</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001243</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marsha</firstName>
        <lastName>Blackburn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001310</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Braun, Mike [R-IN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mike</firstName>
        <lastName>Braun</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000575</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK]</fullName>
        <firstName>James</firstName>
        <lastName>Lankford</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>OK</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000595</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Rubio, Marco [R-FL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marco</firstName>
        <lastName>Rubio</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001095</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cotton, Tom [R-AR]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tom</firstName>
        <lastName>Cotton</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AR</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000437</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Wicker</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001096</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kevin</firstName>
        <lastName>Cramer</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>ND</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000359</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Graham, Lindsey [R-SC]</fullName>
        <firstName>Lindsey</firstName>
        <lastName>Graham</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>SC</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001227</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Eric</firstName>
        <lastName>Schmitt</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-31</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000577</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Lee, Mike [R-UT]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mike</firstName>
        <lastName>Lee</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>UT</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2024-01-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Health</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Education programs funding</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Health programs administration and funding</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Higher education</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Infectious and parasitic diseases</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Medical research</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Research administration and funding</name>
          <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Health</name>
        <updateDate>2023-03-23T19:46:52Z</updateDate>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2023-01-25</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2023-02-16T17:11:06Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Viral Gain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;strong&gt;of-Function Research Moratorium Act&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; This bill prohibits the award of federal research grants to institutions of higher education or research institutes that conduct gain-of-function research. &lt;em&gt;Gain-of-function research &lt;/em&gt;refers to any research that (1) could confer attributes to influenza, MERS, or SARS viruses such that the virus would have enhanced pathogenicity or transmissibility in an organism; or (2) involves methods that could enhance potential pandemic pathogens or related risky research with potentially dangerous pathogens.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>Viral Gain-of-Function Research Moratorium Act</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Viral Gain-of-Function Research Moratorium Act</title>
        <updateDate>2025-01-03T08:10:23Z</updateDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) from PCS (Placed on Senate Calendar) bill text</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>152</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Viral Gain-of-Function Research Moratorium Act</title>
        <updateDate>2024-07-24T15:17:44Z</updateDate>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Placed on Calendar Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>PCS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>6</titleTypeCode>
        <title>A bill to provide a moratorium on all Federal research grants provided to any institution of higher education or other research institute that is conducting gain-of-function research.</title>
        <updateDate>2023-01-26T05:15:26Z</updateDate>
      </item>
    </titles>
    <textVersions>
      <item>
        <type>Placed on Calendar Senate</type>
        <date>2023-01-26T05:00:00Z</date>
        <formats>
          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118s81pcs/xml/BILLS-118s81pcs.xml</url>
          </item>
        </formats>
      </item>
    </textVersions>
    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2023-01-26</actionDate>
      <text>Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 5.</text>
    </latestAction>
  </bill>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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