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    <updateDate>2025-01-14T18:51:33Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2025-01-14T18:51:33Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
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    <type>S</type>
    <introducedDate>2023-02-15</introducedDate>
    <congress>118</congress>
    <committees>
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        <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
        <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
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          <item>
            <name>Reported By</name>
            <date>2023-09-12T19:56:11Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Markup By</name>
            <date>2023-07-27T17:19:40Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred To</name>
            <date>2023-02-15T21:47:07Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
    </committees>
    <relatedBills>
      <item>
        <title>ORBITS Act of 2024</title>
        <congress>118</congress>
        <number>8787</number>
        <type>HR</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2024-06-18</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.</text>
        </latestAction>
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          <item>
            <type>Related bill</type>
            <identifiedBy>CRS</identifiedBy>
          </item>
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    </relatedBills>
    <actions>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-11-06</actionDate>
        <actionTime>18:01:00</actionTime>
        <text>Held at the desk.</text>
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        <actionCode>H15000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-11-06</actionDate>
        <actionTime>17:57:04</actionTime>
        <text>Received in the House.</text>
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        <actionCode>H14000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-11-06</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Message on Senate action sent to the House.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent. (text: CR S5264-5266)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
        <text>Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.(text: CR S5264-5266)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>17000</actionCode>
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          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
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          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>The committee amendment as amended agreed to by Unanimous Consent.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR S5262-5266)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-09-12</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 206.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-09-12</actionDate>
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            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
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        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cantwell with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-09-12</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Cantwell with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.</text>
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            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-07-27</actionDate>
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          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.</text>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-02-15</actionDate>
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          <item>
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            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
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        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2023-02-15</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H000273</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Hickenlooper</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <middleName>W.</middleName>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000571</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cynthia</firstName>
        <lastName>Lummis</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>WY</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000127</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Maria</firstName>
        <lastName>Cantwell</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000437</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Wicker</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001191</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Sinema, Kyrsten [I-AZ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kyrsten</firstName>
        <lastName>Sinema</lastName>
        <party>I</party>
        <state>AZ</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>F000062</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Dianne</firstName>
        <lastName>Feinstein</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <cboCostEstimates>
      <item>
        <pubDate>2024-12-06T19:13:00Z</pubDate>
        <title>S. 447, ORBITS Act of 2023</title>
        <url>https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61069</url>
        <description>As passed by the Senate on October 31, 2024</description>
      </item>
    </cboCostEstimates>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Administrative law and regulatory procedures</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Advanced technology and technological innovations</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:24Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Congressional oversight</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Economic performance and conditions</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government information and archives</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International scientific cooperation</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Licensing and registrations</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Radio spectrum allocation</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Research and development</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Scientific communication</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Spacecraft and satellites</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Technology assessment</name>
          <updateDate>2023-08-01T13:15:23Z</updateDate>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
        <updateDate>2023-03-13T21:15:23Z</updateDate>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2023-02-15</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2023-04-10T21:12:41Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orbital Sustainability Act of 2023 or the ORBITS Act of 2023&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This bill directs specified agencies to take actions to remediate orbital debris (human-made space objects that are no longer in use and can harm orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;publish and periodically update a list of orbital debris that pose the greatest immediate risk of harm to orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities,&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;establish a demonstration program to foster the development of technologies to remediate the orbital debris on the list, and&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;carry out other research and development activities to advance technologies for remediating orbital debris.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;NASA (and other relevant agencies) may also contract for remediation services to support the commercial availability of such services.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Second, the National Space Council must update the&lt;i&gt; Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices&lt;/i&gt; within 90 days of the enactment of the bill and update them periodically thereafter. The updates must address matters including satellite constellations and other planned space systems, collision risks, and disposal of space systems after missions. The updates must inform (1) regulations of other agencies concerning orbital debris, and (2) bilateral and multilateral discussions with other countries concerning certain space activities.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Third, the Department of Commerce must facilitate the development of standard practices to coordinate on-orbit space traffic. Upon completion of the practices, Commerce and other federal departments must promote their adoption and use for space missions. &lt;p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>25</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2023-09-12</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Reported to Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2024-09-30T19:57:56Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orbital Sustainability Act of 2023 or the ORBITS Act of 2023&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This bill directs specified agencies to take actions to remediate orbital debris (human-made space objects that are no longer in use and can harm orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Department of Commerce must&amp;nbsp;publish and periodically update a list of orbital debris that may be remediated to reduce the risk of harm to orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities. In addition, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must (1) establish a demonstration program to foster the development of technologies to remediate the orbital debris on the list, and (2)&amp;nbsp;carry out other research and development activities to advance technologies for remediating orbital debris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;NASA (and other relevant agencies) may also contract for remediation services to support the commercial availability of such services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the National Space Council must update the&lt;em&gt; Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices&lt;/em&gt; within 90 days of the enactment of the bill and update them periodically thereafter. The updates must address matters including satellite constellations and other planned space systems, collision risks, and disposal of space systems after missions. The updates must inform (1) regulations of other agencies concerning orbital debris, and (2) bilateral and multilateral discussions with other countries concerning certain space activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Commerce must facilitate the development of standard practices to coordinate on-orbit space traffic. Upon completion of the practices, Commerce and other federal departments must promote their adoption and use for space missions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>55</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Passed Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2024-09-30T20:59:28Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orbital Sustainability Act of 2023 or the ORBITS Act of 2023&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This bill directs specified agencies to take actions to remediate orbital debris (human-made space objects that are no longer in use and can harm orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Department of Commerce must&amp;nbsp;publish and periodically update a list of orbital debris that may be remediated to reduce the risk of harm to orbiting satellites and on-orbit activities. In addition, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must (1) establish a demonstration program to foster the development of technologies to remediate the orbital debris on the list, and (2)&amp;nbsp;carry out other research and development activities to advance technologies for remediating orbital debris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;NASA (and other relevant agencies) may also contract for remediation services to support the commercial availability of such services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the National Space Council must update the&lt;em&gt; Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices&lt;/em&gt; within 90 days of the enactment of the bill and update them periodically thereafter. The updates must address matters including satellite constellations and other planned space systems, collision risks, and disposal of space systems after missions. The updates must inform (1) regulations of other agencies concerning orbital debris, and (2) bilateral and multilateral discussions with other countries concerning certain space activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Commerce must facilitate the development of standard practices to coordinate on-orbit space traffic. Upon completion of the practices, Commerce and other federal departments must promote their adoption and use for space missions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>ORBITS Act of 2023</title>
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        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
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        <title>ORBITS Act of 2023</title>
        <updateDate>2024-07-24T15:20:02Z</updateDate>
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        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>103</titleTypeCode>
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        <title>A bill to establish a demonstration program for the active remediation of orbital debris and to require the development of uniform orbital debris standard practices in order to support a safe and sustainable orbital environment, and for other purposes.</title>
        <updateDate>2023-03-08T02:58:43Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
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        <number>1358</number>
        <congress>118</congress>
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        <purpose>In the nature of a substitute.</purpose>
        <updateDate>2023-10-31T23:42:28Z</updateDate>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
          <text>Amendment SA 1358 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.</text>
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            <link>
              <name>SA 1358</name>
              <url>https://www.congress.gov/amendment/118th-congress/senate-amendment/1358</url>
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        <sponsors>
          <item>
            <bioguideId>H000273</bioguideId>
            <fullName>Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]</fullName>
            <firstName>John</firstName>
            <lastName>Hickenlooper</lastName>
            <party>D</party>
            <state>CO</state>
            <middleName>W.</middleName>
          </item>
        </sponsors>
        <proposedDate>2023-10-31T04:00:00Z</proposedDate>
        <submittedDate>2023-10-31T04:00:00Z</submittedDate>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
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          <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
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          <title>ORBITS Act of 2023</title>
          <updateDateIncludingText>2025-01-14</updateDateIncludingText>
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              <text>Amendment SA 1358 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.</text>
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              <sourceSystem>
                <code>0</code>
                <name>Senate</name>
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              <text>Amendment SA 1358 proposed by Senator Schumer for Senator Hickenlooper. (consideration: CR S5264) In the nature of a substitute.</text>
              <type>Floor</type>
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                <name>Library of Congress</name>
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              <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
              <text>Senate amendment submitted</text>
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                <code>9</code>
                <name>Library of Congress</name>
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              <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
              <text>Senate amendment agreed to: Amendment SA 1358 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.</text>
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              <actionCode>94000</actionCode>
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                <name>Library of Congress</name>
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              <text>Senate amendment submitted</text>
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                <code>9</code>
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              <actionDate>2023-10-31</actionDate>
              <text>Senate amendment proposed (on the floor): Amendment SA 1358 proposed by Senator Schumer for Senator Hickenlooper.(consideration: CR S5264)</text>
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              <actionCode>93000</actionCode>
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      <text>Held at the desk.</text>
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