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    <updateDate>2025-07-21T19:32:26Z</updateDate>
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            <date>2023-01-24T20:02:06Z</date>
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        <title>Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act</title>
        <congress>118</congress>
        <number>40</number>
        <type>HR</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2023-01-09</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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    <sponsors>
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        <bioguideId>B001288</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cory</firstName>
        <lastName>Booker</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NJ</state>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
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    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000563</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Richard</firstName>
        <lastName>Durbin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M000133</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Edward</firstName>
        <lastName>Markey</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MA</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001070</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bob</firstName>
        <lastName>Casey</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>PA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001176</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jeff</firstName>
        <lastName>Merkley</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OR</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001042</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Hirono, Mazie K. [D-HI]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mazie</firstName>
        <lastName>Hirono</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>HI</state>
        <middleName>K.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>F000062</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Dianne</firstName>
        <lastName>Feinstein</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000033</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bernard</firstName>
        <lastName>Sanders</lastName>
        <party>I</party>
        <state>VT</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000141</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ben</firstName>
        <lastName>Cardin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000622</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tammy</firstName>
        <lastName>Duckworth</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000384</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Timothy</firstName>
        <lastName>Kaine</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VA</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001230</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Baldwin, Tammy [D-WI]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tammy</firstName>
        <lastName>Baldwin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WI</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000145</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Padilla, Alex [D-CA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Alex</firstName>
        <lastName>Padilla</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>V000128</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD]</fullName>
        <firstName>Chris</firstName>
        <lastName>Van Hollen</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000802</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]</fullName>
        <firstName>Sheldon</firstName>
        <lastName>Whitehouse</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>RI</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000817</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Elizabeth</firstName>
        <lastName>Warren</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MA</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000367</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Amy</firstName>
        <lastName>Klobuchar</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B000944</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Brown, Sherrod [D-OH]</fullName>
        <firstName>Sherrod</firstName>
        <lastName>Brown</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OH</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001203</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Smith, Tina [D-MN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tina</firstName>
        <lastName>Smith</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001088</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]</fullName>
        <firstName>Christopher</firstName>
        <lastName>Coons</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>DE</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001277</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]</fullName>
        <firstName>Richard</firstName>
        <lastName>Blumenthal</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CT</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001111</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Patty</firstName>
        <lastName>Murray</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-01-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000790</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Warnock, Raphael G. [D-GA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Raphael</firstName>
        <lastName>Warnock</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>GA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-01</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000555</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kirsten</firstName>
        <lastName>Gillibrand</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-02</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000800</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Welch, Peter [D-VT]</fullName>
        <firstName>Peter</firstName>
        <lastName>Welch</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VT</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-02-07</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues</name>
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    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
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          <name>Advisory bodies</name>
          <updateDate>2023-06-02T18:30:24Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Civics education</name>
          <updateDate>2023-06-02T18:30:24Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Constitution and constitutional amendments</name>
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        </item>
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          <name>Racial and ethnic relations</name>
          <updateDate>2023-06-02T18:30:24Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>State and local government operations</name>
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        </item>
        <item>
          <name>U.S. history</name>
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        </item>
        <item>
          <name>War crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity</name>
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        <name>Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues</name>
        <updateDate>2023-02-14T15:00:35Z</updateDate>
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    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2023-01-24</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2023-05-26T12:14:45Z</updateDate>
        <cdata>
          <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This bill establishes the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The commission must (1) compile documentary evidence of slavery in the United States; (2) study the role of the federal and state governments in supporting the institution of slavery; (3) analyze discriminatory laws and policies against freed African slaves and their descendants; and (4) recommend ways the United States may recognize and remedy the effects of slavery and discrimination on African Americans, including through a formal apology and compensation (i.e., reparations).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The commission consists of individuals from civil society and reparations organizations and individuals appointed by the President and congressional leadership. The commission may hold hearings, subpoena witnesses and records, and contract with other entities to conduct its work. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The commission must submit its final report within one year of its first meeting.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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    </summaries>
    <title>Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act</title>
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        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act</title>
        <updateDate>2024-07-24T15:24:05Z</updateDate>
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        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>101</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act</title>
        <updateDate>2024-05-24T13:42:58Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <titleTypeCode>6</titleTypeCode>
        <title>A bill to address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes.</title>
        <updateDate>2023-02-01T02:28:55Z</updateDate>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
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        <type>Introduced in Senate</type>
        <date>2023-01-24T05:00:00Z</date>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118s40is/xml/BILLS-118s40is.xml</url>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2023-01-24</actionDate>
      <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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