3.0.0 1425 2025-06-11T03:00:39Z 2025-06-11T03:00:39Z House H HR 2023-03-07 118 <pre>[Congressional Record Volume 169, Number 43 (Tuesday, March 7, 2023)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [<a href="https://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a>]By Mr. TIFFANY:H.R. 1425.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article II, Section 2, Clause 2.The single subject of this legislation is:Requiring any agreement related to pandemic responsereached by the World Health Assembly to be subject to Senateratification.[Page H1152]</pre> ssfr00 Foreign Relations Committee Senate Standing Referred To 2024-09-17T16:01:16Z hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee House Standing Unknown 2024-09-11T21:01:07Z Unknown 2024-09-11T20:52:42Z Reported By 2024-08-30T14:37:02Z Markup By 2024-07-11T21:08:00Z Markup By 2024-07-10T21:07:00Z Referred To 2023-03-07T17:00:45Z H. Rept. 118-643 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 118 444 S 2023-02-15 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Identical bill CRS Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1398) to establish the CCP Initiative program, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1425) to require any convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response reached by the World Health Assembly to be subject to Senate ratification; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1516) to establish Department of Homeland Security funding restrictions on institutions of higher education that have a relationship with Confucius Institutes, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7980) to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude vehicles the batteries of which contain materials sourced from prohibited foreign entities from the clean vehicle credit; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9456) to amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 with respect to foreign investments in United States agriculture, and for other purposes; and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9494) making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2025, and for other purposes. 118 1430 HRES 2024-09-10 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. 14:02:03 Related bill House Procedurally-related House 2024-09-17 ssfr00 Foreign Relations Committee Senate Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. IntroReferral 2024-09-11 17:09:11 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. Floor H38310 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 17:09:09 On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 199 (Roll no. 411). Floor H37100 2 House floor actions 411 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll411.xml House 118 2024-09-11T21:09:09Z 2 2024-09-11 17:09:09 Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 199 (Roll no. 411). Floor 8000 9 Library of Congress 411 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll411.xml House 118 2024-09-11T21:09:09Z 2 2024-09-11 17:01:07 On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 202 - 215 (Roll no. 410). Floor H36210 2 House floor actions hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 410 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll410.xml House 118 2024-09-11T21:01:07Z 2 2024-09-11 16:52:57 The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX. Floor H8A000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 16:52:42 Ms. Lee (CA) moved to recommit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. (CR H5183) Floor H36200 2 House floor actions hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 2024-09-11 16:51:42 The House adopted the amendment as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. Floor H34400 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 16:51:32 The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule. Floor H35000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 16:50:46 The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1425. Floor H32600 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 16:21:27 The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration. Floor H32050 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 16:21:09 Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H5182-5184) Floor H30000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:30:21 Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1425 as unfinished business. Floor H32700 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:30:10 On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote. Floor H32341 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:29:53 Mr. Davidson moved that the committee rise. Floor H32340 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:23:04 DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1430, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Massie amendment No. 3. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:15:13 DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1430, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Foxx amendment No. 2. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:14:23 POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Ogles demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 14:06:53 DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1430, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 13:18:17 GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1425. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 13:17:32 The Speaker designated the Honorable Jefferson Van Drew to act as Chairman of the Committee. Floor H32400 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 13:17:30 House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 1430 and Rule XVIII. Floor H32020 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 13:17:01 Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1398, H.R. 1425, H.R. 1516, H.R. 7980, H.R. 9456 and H.R. 9494. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1398, H.R. 1425, and H.R. 1516 under a structured rule and H.R. 7980, H.R. 9456, and H.R. 9494 under a closed rule. The resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each bill. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-11 13:16:56 Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 1430. (consideration: CR H5173-5181) Floor H30000 2 House floor actions 2024-09-10 10:08:51 Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 1430 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1398, H.R. 1425, H.R. 1516, H.R. 7980, H.R. 9456 and H.R. 9494. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1398, H.R. 1425, and H.R. 1516 under a structured rule and H.R. 7980, H.R. 9456, and H.R. 9494 under a closed rule. The resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each bill. Floor H1L210 2 House floor actions 2024-08-30 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 540. Calendars H12410 2 House floor actions 2024-08-30 Reported by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. Rept. 118-643. Committee H12200 2 House floor actions hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 2024-08-30 Reported by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. Rept. 118-643. Committee 5000 9 Library of Congress hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 2024-07-11 hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 1 House committee actions Ordered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 24 - 23. Committee 2024-07-11 hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 1 House committee actions Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held Committee 2024-07-10 hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 1 House committee actions Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held Committee 2023-03-07 Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. IntroReferral H11100 2 House floor actions hsfa00 Foreign Affairs Committee 2023-03-07 Introduced in House IntroReferral Intro-H 9 Library of Congress 2023-03-07 Introduced in House IntroReferral 1000 9 Library of Congress T000165 Rep. Tiffany, Thomas P. [R-WI-7] Thomas Tiffany R WI P. 7 N B001302 Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5] Andy Biggs R AZ 5 2023-03-07 True B000825 Rep. Boebert, Lauren [R-CO-3] Lauren Boebert R CO 3 2023-03-07 True F000471 Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5] Scott Fitzgerald R WI 5 2023-03-07 True G000589 Rep. Gooden, Lance [R-TX-5] Lance Gooden R TX 5 2023-03-07 True G000565 Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-9] Paul Gosar R AZ A. 9 2023-03-07 True H001086 Rep. Harshbarger, Diana [R-TN-1] Diana Harshbarger R TN 1 2023-03-07 True H001093 Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9] Erin Houchin R IN 9 2023-03-07 True M001211 Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15] Mary Miller R IL E. 15 2023-03-07 True N000026 Rep. Nehls, Troy E. [R-TX-22] Troy Nehls R TX E. 22 2023-03-07 True R000614 Rep. Roy, Chip [R-TX-21] Chip Roy R TX 21 2023-03-07 True S001224 Rep. Self, Keith [R-TX-3] Keith Self R TX 3 2023-03-07 True S000250 Rep. Sessions, Pete [R-TX-17] PETE SESSIONS R TX 17 2023-03-07 True S001213 Rep. Steil, Bryan [R-WI-1] Bryan Steil R WI 1 2023-03-07 True T000478 Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24] Claudia Tenney R NY 24 2023-03-07 True G000576 Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6] Glenn Grothman R WI 6 2023-03-08 False H001096 Rep. Hageman, Harriet M. [R-WY-At Large] Harriet Hageman R WY M. 0 2023-03-08 False S001214 Rep. Steube, W. Gregory [R-FL-17] W. Steube R FL Gregory 17 2023-03-09 False H001067 Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9] Richard Hudson R NC 9 2023-03-09 False M001194 Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2] John Moolenaar R MI R. 2 2023-03-09 False G000591 Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3] Michael Guest R MS 3 2023-03-10 False O000175 Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5] Andrew Ogles R TN 5 2023-03-10 False C001120 Rep. Crenshaw, Dan [R-TX-2] Dan Crenshaw R TX 2 2023-03-14 False D000615 Rep. Duncan, Jeff [R-SC-3] Jeff Duncan R SC 3 2023-03-21 False R000103 Rep. Rosendale Sr., Matthew M. [R-MT-2] Matthew Rosendale R MT M. 2 2023-05-25 False N000190 Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5] Ralph Norman R SC 5 2023-05-25 False W000814 Rep. Weber, Randy K., Sr. [R-TX-14] Randy Weber R TX K. 14 2023-05-25 False B001317 Rep. Brecheen, Josh [R-OK-2] Josh Brecheen R OK 2 2023-05-31 False C001118 Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6] Ben Cline R VA 6 2023-09-14 False B001299 Rep. Banks, Jim [R-IN-3] Jim Banks R IN 3 2024-02-07 False B001291 Rep. Babin, Brian [R-TX-36] Brian Babin R TX 36 2024-04-29 False C001115 Rep. Cloud, Michael [R-TX-27] Michael Cloud R TX 27 2024-04-29 False G000593 Rep. Gimenez, Carlos A. [R-FL-28] Carlos Gimenez R FL A. 28 2024-04-29 False S000522 Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] Christopher Smith R NJ H. 4 2024-04-30 False M001204 Rep. Meuser, Daniel [R-PA-9] Daniel Meuser R PA 9 2024-04-30 False B001298 Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2] Don Bacon R NE 2 2024-04-30 False B001314 Rep. Bean, Aaron [R-FL-4] Aaron Bean R FL 4 2024-04-30 False G000595 Rep. Good, Bob [R-VA-5] Bob Good R VA 5 2024-05-06 False D000616 Rep. DesJarlais, Scott [R-TN-4] Scott DesJarlais R TN 4 2024-05-06 False M001195 Rep. Mooney, Alexander X. [R-WV-2] Alexander Mooney R WV X. 2 2024-05-06 False F000475 Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1] Brad Finstad R MN 1 2024-05-06 False M001216 Rep. Mills, Cory [R-FL-7] Cory Mills R FL 7 2024-05-07 False G000590 Rep. Green, Mark E. [R-TN-7] Mark Green R TN E. 7 2024-05-08 False S001212 Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8] Pete Stauber R MN 8 2024-05-08 False F000459 Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3] Charles Fleischmann R TN J. "Chuck" 3 2024-05-08 False L000583 Rep. Loudermilk, Barry [R-GA-11] Barry Loudermilk R GA 11 2024-05-08 False V000133 Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson [R-NJ-2] Jefferson Van Drew R NJ 2 2024-05-08 False M000194 Rep. Mace, Nancy [R-SC-1] Nancy Mace R SC 1 2024-05-08 False M001212 Rep. Moore, Barry [R-AL-2] Barry Moore R AL 2 2024-05-08 False S001196 Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] Elise Stefanik R NY M. 21 2024-05-08 False P000599 Rep. Posey, Bill [R-FL-8] Bill Posey R FL 8 2024-05-10 False M001224 Rep. Moran, Nathaniel [R-TX-1] Nathaniel Moran R TX 1 2024-05-14 False M000317 Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11] Nicole Malliotakis R NY 11 2024-05-15 False R000612 Rep. Rose, John W. [R-TN-6] John Rose R TN W. 6 2024-05-21 False B001301 Rep. Bergman, Jack [R-MI-1] Jack Bergman R MI 1 2024-06-03 False D000626 Rep. Davidson, Warren [R-OH-8] Warren Davidson R OH 8 2024-06-28 False J000304 Rep. Jackson, Ronny [R-TX-13] Ronny Jackson R TX 13 2024-06-28 False Z000018 Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1] Ryan Zinke R MT K. 1 2024-07-02 False V000135 Rep. Van Orden, Derrick [R-WI-3] Derrick Van Orden R WI 3 2024-07-08 False H001072 Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2] J. Hill R AR French 2 2024-07-09 False 2024-08-13T18:09:00Z H.R. 1425, No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act https://www.cbo.gov/publication/60524 As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs onJuly 11, 2024 International Affairs Asia 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z China 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z Congressional oversight 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z Emergency medical services and trauma care 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z Health promotion and preventive care 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z Infectious and parasitic diseases 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z International law and treaties 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z International organizations and cooperation 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z Senate 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z World health 2024-07-26T19:02:53Z International Affairs 2023-03-29T17:33:41Z 00 2023-03-07 Introduced in House 2023-07-18T16:57:31Z <p><b>No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act</b></p> <p>This bill establishes that any convention or agreement on pandemic-related issues reached by the World Health Assembly (WHA) pursuant to a specified negotiating body shall be deemed to be a treaty requiring the advice and consent of the Senate. </p> <p>Specifically, this bill applies to any international instrument negotiated by the intergovernmental negotiating body established by the WHA in December 2021 to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.</p> 07 2024-08-30 Reported to House 2024-09-04T22:59:51Z <p><strong>No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act</strong></p><p>This bill establishes that any convention or agreement on pandemic-related issues reached by the World Health Assembly (WHA) pursuant to a specified negotiating body shall be deemed to be a treaty requiring the advice and consent of the Senate.</p><p>Specifically, this bill applies to any international instrument negotiated by the intergovernmental negotiating body established by the WHA in December 2021 to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.</p><!--tinycomments|2.1|data:application/json;base64,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--> No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act Short Titles from RFS (Referred to Senate) bill text 255 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2024-09-18T22:53:16Z S Senate Referred in Senate RFS Short Title(s) as Passed House 104 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2024-09-18T01:23:18Z H House Engrossed in House EH Short Title(s) as Reported to House 102 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2024-08-31T05:08:15Z H House Reported in House RH Display Title 45 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2024-06-11T15:58:55Z Short Title(s) as Introduced 101 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2024-05-24T13:41:47Z Introduced in House IH Official Title as Introduced 6 To require any convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response reached by the World Health Assembly to be subject to Senate ratification. 2024-03-18T20:26:01Z Introduced in House IH 1192 118 HAMDT An amendment numbered 3 printed in Part B of House Report 118-656 to add to the findings of Congress an outline of the constitutional role for the legislative and executive branches in the treaty-making process. 2024-09-12T13:01:46Z 2024-09-11 On agreeing to the Massie amendment (A003) Agreed to by voice vote. 14:29:40 M001184 Rep. Massie, Thomas [R-KY-4] Thomas Massie R KY 4 2024-09-11T04:00:00Z House of Representatives 118 HR House H 1425 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2025-06-11 4 2024-09-11 14:29:40 On agreeing to the Massie amendment (A003) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:22:38 Amendment (A003) offered by Mr. Massie. (consideration: CR H5180-5181; text: CR H5180) Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:22:38 House Amendment Offered Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:29:40 House amendment agreed to: On agreeing to the Massie amendment (A003) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 1191 118 HAMDT An amendment numbered 2 printed in Part B of House Report 118-656 to clarify that no WHO convention, agreement, or treaty should have force or effect in U.S. law before or unless the Senate ratifies said treaty. 2024-09-12T12:58:26Z 2024-09-11 On agreeing to the Foxx amendment (A002) Agreed to by voice vote. 14:22:16 F000450 Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5] Virginia Foxx R NC 5 2024-09-11T04:00:00Z House of Representatives 118 HR House H 1425 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2025-06-11 4 2024-09-11 14:22:16 On agreeing to the Foxx amendment (A002) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:14:54 Amendment (A002) offered by Ms. Foxx. (consideration: CR H5180; text: CR H5180) Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:22:16 House amendment agreed to: On agreeing to the Foxx amendment (A002) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:14:54 House Amendment Offered Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 1190 118 HAMDT An amendment numbered 1 printed in Part B of House Report 118-656 to offer a statement of policy in support of Taiwan's full participation at the World Health Organization. 2024-09-12T12:57:30Z 2024-09-11 On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A001) Agreed to by recorded vote: 403 - 0 (Roll no. 409). 16:50:30 Roll no. 409 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll409.xml O000175 Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5] Andrew Ogles R TN 5 2024-09-11T04:00:00Z House of Representatives 118 HR House H 1425 No WHO Pandemic Preparedness Treaty Without Senate Approval Act 2025-06-11 6 2024-09-11 16:50:30 On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A001) Agreed to by recorded vote: 403 - 0 (Roll no. 409). Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 409 House 118 2024-09-11T20:50:30Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll409.xml 2024-09-11 16:50:30 Floor 75000 9 Library of Congress 409 House 118 2024-09-11T20:50:30Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll409.xml 2024-09-11 14:06:30 Amendment (A001) offered by Mr. Ogles. (consideration: CR H5179-5180; text: CR H5179) Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 14:06:30 House Amendment Offered Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2024-09-11 16:50:30 House amendment agreed to: On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A001) Agreed to by recorded vote: 403 - 0 (Roll no. 409). Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 409 House 118 2024-09-11T20:50:30Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll409.xml 2024-09-11 16:50:30 Roll call votes on amendments in House Floor 75000 9 Library of Congress 409 House 118 2024-09-11T20:50:30Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2024/roll409.xml Referred in Senate 2024-09-17T04:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118hr1425rfs/xml/BILLS-118hr1425rfs.xml Engrossed in House 2024-09-11T04:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118hr1425eh/xml/BILLS-118hr1425eh.xml Reported in House 2024-08-30T04:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118hr1425rh/xml/BILLS-118hr1425rh.xml Introduced in House 2023-03-07T05:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118hr1425ih/xml/BILLS-118hr1425ih.xml 2024-09-17 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. 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