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    <number>48</number>
    <updateDate>2025-12-05T07:57:52Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2025-12-05T07:57:52Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>House</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>H</originChamberCode>
    <type>HJRES</type>
    <introducedDate>2023-03-30</introducedDate>
    <congress>118</congress>
    <legislationUrl>https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-joint-resolution/48</legislationUrl>
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      <constitutionalAuthorityStatementText>&lt;pre&gt;[Congressional Record Volume 169, Number 58 (Thursday, March 30, 2023)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [&lt;a href="https://www.gpo.gov"&gt;www.gpo.gov&lt;/a&gt;]By Ms. JAYAPAL:H.J. Res. 48.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:This bill is enacted pursuant to the power granted toCongress under Article I of the United States Constitutionand its subsequent amendments, and further clarified andinterpreted by the Supreme Court of the United States.The single subject of this legislation is:This bill proposes an amendment to the Constitution of theUnited States providing that the rights extended by theConstitution are the rights of natural persons only.[Page H1695]&lt;/pre&gt;</constitutionalAuthorityStatementText>
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        <title>Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights protected and extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.</title>
        <congress>118</congress>
        <number>54</number>
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          <actionDate>2023-04-10</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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        <actionDate>2023-03-30</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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        <bioguideId>J000298</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>Pramila</firstName>
        <lastName>Jayapal</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WA</state>
        <district>7</district>
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        <bioguideId>K000375</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Keating, William R. [D-MA-9]</fullName>
        <firstName>William</firstName>
        <lastName>Keating</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MA</state>
        <middleName>R.</middleName>
        <district>9</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001156</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Sánchez, Linda T. [D-CA-38]</fullName>
        <firstName>Linda</firstName>
        <lastName>Sánchez</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>T.</middleName>
        <district>38</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>N000147</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]</fullName>
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        <party>D</party>
        <state>DC</state>
        <middleName>HOLMES</middleName>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
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        <bioguideId>T000469</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Tonko, Paul [D-NY-20]</fullName>
        <firstName>Paul</firstName>
        <lastName>Tonko</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <district>20</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000381</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kilmer, Derek [D-WA-6]</fullName>
        <firstName>Derek</firstName>
        <lastName>Kilmer</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WA</state>
        <district>6</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000613</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Panetta, Jimmy [D-CA-19]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jimmy</firstName>
        <lastName>Panetta</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>19</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001292</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Beyer, Donald S., Jr. [D-VA-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>Donald</firstName>
        <lastName>Beyer</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VA</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <district>8</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>W000788</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Williams, Nikema [D-GA-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Nikema</firstName>
        <lastName>Williams</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>GA</state>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2023-03-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues</name>
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      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Constitution and constitutional amendments</name>
          <updateDate>2025-06-09T18:09:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Elections, voting, political campaign regulation</name>
          <updateDate>2025-06-09T18:09:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>First Amendment rights</name>
          <updateDate>2025-06-09T18:09:04Z</updateDate>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues</name>
        <updateDate>2023-04-05T20:00:17Z</updateDate>
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        <actionDate>2023-03-30</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in House</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2023-10-11T16:00:27Z</updateDate>
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          <text>&lt;p&gt;This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment providing that the rights protected by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only. Artificial entities, such as corporations, shall have no rights under the Constitution and are subject to regulation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The amendment requires federal, state, and local governments to (1) regulate, limit, or prohibit election contributions and expenditures, including a candidate's own contributions and expenditures, to ensure equal access of citizens to the political process, regardless of economic status; and (2) require that any permissible contributions and expenditures be publicly disclosed. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additionally, the judiciary is prohibited from construing the spending of money to influence elections to be speech under the First Amendment. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
        </cdata>
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    <title>Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.</title>
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        <titleTypeCode>45</titleTypeCode>
        <title>Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.</title>
        <updateDate>2024-07-24T15:23:18Z</updateDate>
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        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
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        <title>Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.</title>
        <updateDate>2024-03-18T20:32:59Z</updateDate>
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        <type>Introduced in House</type>
        <date>2023-03-30T04:00:00Z</date>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-118hjres48ih/xml/BILLS-118hjres48ih.xml</url>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2023-03-30</actionDate>
      <text>Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.</text>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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