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    <updateDate>2023-03-08T20:12:49Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2023-03-08T20:12:49Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
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    <introducedDate>2021-03-25</introducedDate>
    <congress>117</congress>
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        <name>Foreign Relations Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
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            <name>Discharged from</name>
            <date>2021-11-01T23:23:46Z</date>
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            <date>2021-03-25T21:43:01Z</date>
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        <title>RENACER Act</title>
        <congress>117</congress>
        <number>1041</number>
        <type>S</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2021-08-10</actionDate>
          <text>Held at the desk.</text>
          <actionTime>10:07:46</actionTime>
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            <type>Related bill</type>
            <identifiedBy>CRS</identifiedBy>
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            <type>Related bill</type>
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      <item>
        <title>RENACER Act</title>
        <congress>117</congress>
        <number>2946</number>
        <type>HR</type>
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          <actionDate>2021-11-09</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.</text>
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        <actionDate>2021-11-10</actionDate>
        <text>Became Public Law No: 117-54.</text>
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        <text>Became Public Law No: 117-54.</text>
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        <text>Signed by President.</text>
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        <text>Presented to President.</text>
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          <code>9</code>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>16:17:49</actionTime>
        <text>Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>16:17:48</actionTime>
        <text>On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 387 - 35, 4 Present (Roll no. 354).</text>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>16:17:48</actionTime>
        <text>Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 387 - 35, 4 Present (Roll no. 354).</text>
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        <actionCode>8000</actionCode>
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        </recordedVotes>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>15:16:17</actionTime>
        <text>Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H6156-6157)</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>14:22:51</actionTime>
        <text>At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.</text>
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        <actionCode>H37220</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>14:11:58</actionTime>
        <text>DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 1064.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>14:11:55</actionTime>
        <text>Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H6147-6151)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>H30000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>14:10:32</actionTime>
        <text>Mr. Deutch moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>H30300</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-02</actionDate>
        <actionTime>12:47:52</actionTime>
        <text>Held at the desk.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>H15000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-02</actionDate>
        <actionTime>12:31:44</actionTime>
        <text>Received in the House.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>H14000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-02</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Message on Senate action sent to the House.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Passed Senate with an amendment by Voice Vote.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
        <text>Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Voice Vote.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>17000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR S7571-7572)</text>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
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          <item>
            <systemCode>ssfr00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Relations Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Senate Committee on Foreign Relations discharged by Unanimous Consent.</text>
        <type>Discharge</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
        <text>Senate Committee on Foreign Relations discharged by Unanimous Consent.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>14500</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>ssfr00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Relations Committee</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2021-03-25</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>ssfr00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Relations Committee</name>
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        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.</text>
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        <actionDate>2021-03-25</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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        <bioguideId>M000639</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Robert</firstName>
        <lastName>Menendez</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NJ</state>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
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        <bioguideId>R000595</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Rubio, Marco [R-FL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marco</firstName>
        <lastName>Rubio</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-03-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000384</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Timothy</firstName>
        <lastName>Kaine</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VA</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-03-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000563</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Richard</firstName>
        <lastName>Durbin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-03-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000141</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ben</firstName>
        <lastName>Cardin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-03-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001169</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Murphy, Christopher [D-CT]</fullName>
        <firstName>Christopher</firstName>
        <lastName>Murphy</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CT</state>
        <middleName>S.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-03-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001098</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ted</firstName>
        <lastName>Cruz</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2021-10-26</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <type>Public Law</type>
        <number>117-54</number>
      </item>
    </laws>
    <policyArea>
      <name>International Affairs</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Assault and harassment offenses</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Broadcasting, cable, digital technologies</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Canada</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Caribbean area</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Congressional oversight</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Crimes against property</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Detention of persons</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Diplomacy, foreign officials, Americans abroad</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Elections, voting, political campaign regulation</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Europe</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>European Union</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign loans and debt</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign property</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government ethics and transparency, public corruption</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Human rights</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Intelligence activities, surveillance, classified information</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International exchange and broadcasting</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International organizations and cooperation</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Latin America</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Military assistance, sales, and agreements</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Multilateral development programs</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>News media and reporting</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Nicaragua</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Protest and dissent</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Russia</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Sanctions</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Sex offenses</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Sovereignty, recognition, national governance and status</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Spacecraft and satellites</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Violent crime</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Visas and passports</name>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>International Affairs</name>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2021-03-25</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2021-11-10T19:43:18Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021 or the RENACER Act</b></p> <p>This bill establishes measures to monitor, report on, and address corruption and human rights abuses in Nicaragua.</p> <p>Specifically, the bill directs U.S. leadership at international financial institutions to advocate for oversight with respect to any loan or financial or technical assistance for projects in Nicaragua.</p> <p>The Department of State and the Department of the Treasury must establish a strategy to align diplomatic engagement with implementing sanctions to facilitate free, fair, and transparent elections in Nicaragua. Pursuant to this strategy, the President must prioritize implementing targeted sanctions on persons obstructing such elections. The State Department must also engage in diplomatic efforts with partner countries to impose targeted sanctions on such individuals.</p> <p>The bill adds Nicaragua to a list of countries whose citizens are subject to visa-blocking sanctions for knowingly engaging in (1) actions undermining democratic processes or institutions, or (2) significant corruption or obstruction of investigations into such corruption.</p> <p>Further, the bill requires the State Department to report on</p> <ul> <li> the involvement of President Daniel Ortega, members of his family, and senior government officials in significant acts of public corruption;</li> <li>Russian activities in Nicaragua; and</li> <li>gross human rights violations by the Ortega government against campesinos (i.e., natives of Latin American rural areas, especially Latin American Indian farmers or farm laborers) and indigenous communities. </li> </ul> <p>In addition, the State Department must report on obstacles to news and information about domestic and international affairs and submit a strategy for strengthening independent broadcasting, information distribution, and media platforms in Nicaragua.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>55</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Passed Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2021-11-12T15:31:34Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021 or the RENACER Act</b></p> <p>This bill establishes measures to monitor, report on, and address corruption and human rights abuses in Nicaragua.</p> <p>Specifically, the bill directs U.S. leadership at international financial institutions to advocate for oversight with respect to any loan or financial or technical assistance for projects in Nicaragua.</p> <p>The Department of State and the Department of the Treasury must establish a strategy to align diplomatic engagement with implementing sanctions to facilitate free, fair, and transparent elections in Nicaragua. Pursuant to this strategy, the President must prioritize implementing targeted sanctions on persons obstructing such elections. The State Department must also engage in diplomatic efforts with partner countries to impose targeted sanctions on such individuals.</p> <p>The bill adds Nicaragua to a list of countries whose citizens are subject to visa-blocking sanctions for knowingly engaging in (1) actions undermining democratic processes or institutions, or (2) significant corruption or obstruction of investigations into such corruption.</p> <p>Further, the bill requires the State Department to report on</p> <ul> <li> the involvement of President Daniel Ortega, members of his family, and senior government officials in significant acts of public corruption;</li> <li>Russian activities in Nicaragua; and</li> <li>gross human rights violations by the Ortega government against campesinos (i.e., natives of Latin American rural areas, especially Latin American Indian farmers or farm laborers) and indigenous communities. </li> </ul> <p>In addition, the State Department must report on obstacles to news and information about domestic and international affairs and submit a strategy for strengthening independent broadcasting, information distribution, and media platforms in Nicaragua.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>53</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2021-11-03</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Passed House</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2021-11-12T15:31:56Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021 or the RENACER Act</b></p> <p>This bill establishes measures to monitor, report on, and address corruption and human rights abuses in Nicaragua.</p> <p>Specifically, the bill directs U.S. leadership at international financial institutions to advocate for oversight with respect to any loan or financial or technical assistance for projects in Nicaragua.</p> <p>The Department of State and the Department of the Treasury must establish a strategy to align diplomatic engagement with implementing sanctions to facilitate free, fair, and transparent elections in Nicaragua. Pursuant to this strategy, the President must prioritize implementing targeted sanctions on persons obstructing such elections. The State Department must also engage in diplomatic efforts with partner countries to impose targeted sanctions on such individuals.</p> <p>The bill adds Nicaragua to a list of countries whose citizens are subject to visa-blocking sanctions for knowingly engaging in (1) actions undermining democratic processes or institutions, or (2) significant corruption or obstruction of investigations into such corruption.</p> <p>Further, the bill requires the State Department to report on</p> <ul> <li> the involvement of President Daniel Ortega, members of his family, and senior government officials in significant acts of public corruption;</li> <li>Russian activities in Nicaragua; and</li> <li>gross human rights violations by the Ortega government against campesinos (i.e., natives of Latin American rural areas, especially Latin American Indian farmers or farm laborers) and indigenous communities. </li> </ul> <p>In addition, the State Department must report on obstacles to news and information about domestic and international affairs and submit a strategy for strengthening independent broadcasting, information distribution, and media platforms in Nicaragua.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>49</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2021-11-10</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Public Law</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2021-11-15T20:29:49Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021 or the RENACER Act</b></p> <p>This bill establishes measures to monitor, report on, and address corruption and human rights abuses in Nicaragua.</p> <p>Specifically, the bill directs U.S. leadership at international financial institutions to advocate for increased oversight with respect to any loan or financial or technical assistance for projects in Nicaragua.</p> <p>The Department of State and the Department of the Treasury must establish a coordinated strategy to align diplomatic engagement with the implementation of targeted sanctions to facilitate free, fair, and transparent elections in Nicaragua. Pursuant to this strategy, the President must prioritize implementing targeted sanctions on persons obstructing the establishment of conditions necessary for such elections. The State Department must also engage in diplomatic efforts with partner countries to impose targeted sanctions on such individuals.</p> <p>The bill adds Nicaragua to a list of countries whose citizens are subject to visa-blocking sanctions for knowingly engaging in (1) actions undermining democratic processes or institutions, or (2) significant corruption or obstruction of investigations into such corruption.</p> <p>Further, the bill requires the State Department to report on</p> <ul> <li> the involvement of President Daniel Ortega, members of his family, and senior government officials in significant acts of public corruption;</li> <li>Russian activities in Nicaragua, including cooperation between Russian and Nicaraguan military personnel and intelligence services; </li> <li>all purchases and agreements entered into by Nicaragua with respect to its military or intelligence sector; and</li> <li>gross human rights violations by the Ortega government against campesinos (i.e., natives of Latin American rural areas, especially Latin American Indian farmers or farm laborers) and indigenous communities. </li> </ul> <p>In addition, the State Department must report on obstacles faced by Nicaraguans to obtaining accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information about domestic and international affairs and submit a strategy for strengthening independent broadcasting, information distribution, and media platforms in Nicaragua.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>RENACER Act</title>
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        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>RENACER Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Enacted</titleType>
        <title>RENACER Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
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        <title>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021</title>
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        <chamberName>House</chamberName>
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      <item>
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        <titleType>Short Titles as Passed House</titleType>
        <title>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021</title>
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        <title>A bill to advance the strategic alignment of United States diplomatic tools toward the realization of free, fair, and transparent elections in Nicaragua and to reaffirm the commitment of the United States to protect the fundamental freedoms and human rights of the people of Nicaragua, and for other purposes.</title>
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        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Passed Senate</titleType>
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        <title>Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021</title>
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        <purpose>In the nature of a substitute.</purpose>
        <updateDate>2022-02-09T03:30:28Z</updateDate>
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          <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
          <text>Amendment SA 4132 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.</text>
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            <link>
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            <state>NJ</state>
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        <submittedDate>2021-11-01T04:00:00Z</submittedDate>
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          <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
          <originChamberCode>S</originChamberCode>
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          <title>RENACER Act</title>
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              <sourceSystem>
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              <text>Amendment SA 4132 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.</text>
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            <item>
              <actionDate>2021-11-01</actionDate>
              <sourceSystem>
                <code>0</code>
                <name>Senate</name>
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              <text>Amendment SA 4132 proposed by Senator Schumer for Senator Menendez. (consideration: CR S7571-7572; text: CR S7569-7571) In the nature of a substitute.</text>
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            <item>
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              <sourceSystem>
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                <name>Library of Congress</name>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <date>2021-11-11T04:59:59Z</date>
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          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-117publ54/uslm/PLAW-117publ54.xml</url>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
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    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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