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    <number>1025</number>
    <updateDate>2022-11-01T19:02:23Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2022-11-05T19:27:59Z</updateDateIncludingText>
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    <introducedDate>2019-04-03</introducedDate>
    <congress>116</congress>
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        <actionDate>2019-06-03</actionDate>
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        <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 101.</text>
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        <fullName>Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Robert</firstName>
        <lastName>Menendez</lastName>
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        <state>NJ</state>
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        <fullName>Sen. Rubio, Marco [R-FL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Marco</firstName>
        <lastName>Rubio</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>D000563</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]</fullName>
        <firstName>Richard</firstName>
        <lastName>Durbin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001098</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ted</firstName>
        <lastName>Cruz</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000141</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ben</firstName>
        <lastName>Cardin</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001056</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Cornyn</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000384</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Timothy</firstName>
        <lastName>Kaine</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VA</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
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        <fullName>Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Todd</firstName>
        <lastName>Young</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IN</state>
        <middleName>C.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <fullName>Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jeanne</firstName>
        <lastName>Shaheen</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NH</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000359</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Graham, Lindsey [R-SC]</fullName>
        <firstName>Lindsey</firstName>
        <lastName>Graham</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>SC</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>B001267</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Michael</firstName>
        <lastName>Bennet</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
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        <bioguideId>B001261</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Barrasso</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>WY</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001088</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]</fullName>
        <firstName>Christopher</firstName>
        <lastName>Coons</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>DE</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001075</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Cassidy, Bill [R-LA]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bill</firstName>
        <lastName>Cassidy</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>LA</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001089</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Hawley, Josh [R-MO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Josh</firstName>
        <lastName>Hawley</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-04-03</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000555</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kirsten</firstName>
        <lastName>Gillibrand</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-05-01</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
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        <bioguideId>C000174</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE]</fullName>
        <firstName>Thomas</firstName>
        <lastName>Carper</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>DE</state>
        <middleName>R.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-05-13</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000562</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cory</firstName>
        <lastName>Gardner</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-05-13</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000393</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Kennedy, John [R-LA]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Kennedy</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>LA</state>
        <middleName>Neely</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2019-07-16</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
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    <cboCostEstimates>
      <item>
        <pubDate>2019-06-11T18:34:55Z</pubDate>
        <title>S. 1025, Venezuela Emergency Relief, Democracy Assistance, and Development Act of 2019</title>
        <url>https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55358</url>
        <description>As reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on June 3, 2019</description>
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    <policyArea>
      <name>International Affairs</name>
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      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Asia</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Budget deficits and national debt</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Canada</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Caribbean area</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Child health</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>China</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Congressional oversight</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Corporate finance and management</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Criminal investigation, prosecution, interrogation</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Cuba</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Currency</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Detention of persons</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Digital media</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Diplomacy, foreign officials, Americans abroad</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Drug trafficking and controlled substances</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Elections, voting, political campaign regulation</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Energy storage, supplies, demand</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Europe</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>European Union</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Food assistance and relief</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign aid and international relief</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign and international corporations</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign loans and debt</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign property</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Fraud offenses and financial crimes</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government ethics and transparency, public corruption</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Health technology, devices, supplies</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Human rights</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Infectious and parasitic diseases</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Inflation and prices</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Intelligence activities, surveillance, classified information</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International organizations and cooperation</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Internet and video services</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Internet, web applications, social media</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Iran</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Judicial procedure and administration</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Latin America</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Metals</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Middle East</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Military assistance, sales, and agreements</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Multilateral development programs</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>News media and reporting</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Oil and gas</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Poverty and welfare assistance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Protest and dissent</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Rule of law and government transparency</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Russia</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Sanctions</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Securities</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Sovereignty, recognition, national governance and status</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Trade restrictions</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>U.S. and foreign investments</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>United Nations</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Venezuela</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Visas and passports</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>War crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Women's health</name>
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        <name>International Affairs</name>
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    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2019-04-03</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2019-07-15T15:54:30Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Venezuela Emergency Relief, Democracy Assistance, and Development Act of 2019 or the VERDAD Act of 2019</b></p> <p>This bill directs the President to take various actions to address the political situation in Venezuela. (The United States does not recognize Nicolas Maduro as Venezuela's President due to reports of widespread fraud during his election, recognizing instead National Assembly President Juan Guaido.)</p> <p>The Department of State shall submit to Congress strategies for providing humanitarian aid to Venezuela and to Venezuelans in neighboring countries. The President shall direct U.S. representatives to the United Nations to prioritize U.N. efforts to provide humanitarian aid to Venezuela.</p> <p>The bill imposes sanctions on foreign persons responsible for or complicit in corruption or activity undermining Venezuela's democratic institutions. Sanctions include barring entry into the United States and various financial restrictions.</p> <p>The bill also imposes various sanctions targeting the Maduro regime's ability to finance debt, trade gold, and use cryptocurrencies to evade U.S. sanctions.</p> <p>The bill establishes a special envoy and task force for Venezuela to coordinate and oversee U.S. efforts regarding Venezuela.</p> <p>The bill directs the State Department to </p> <ul> <li>work with nongovernmental organizations to strengthen democratic governance and defend human rights in Venezuela,</li> <li>investigate corruption and recover assets stolen from Venezuela,</li> <li>help other countries establish legislative frameworks to impose sanctions on Maduro regime officials.</li> </ul> <p>The President shall engage with multilateral development banks to assist in rebuilding Venezuela's economy and energy infrastructure. </p> <p>The bill directs the President to prevent Russia's government-controlled oil company Rosneft from acquiring control of critical U.S. energy infrastructure, including assets belonging to Venezuela's state-owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. </p>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>25</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2019-06-03</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Reported to Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2020-02-28T22:18:35Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Venezuela Emergency Relief, Democracy Assistance, and Development Act of 2019 or the VERDAD Act of 2019</b></p> <p>This bill directs the President to take various actions to address the political situation in Venezuela. (The United States does not recognize Nicolas Maduro as Venezuela's President due to reports of widespread fraud during his election, recognizing instead National Assembly President Juan Guaido.)</p> <p>The Department of State shall provide humanitarian aid to Venezuela and to Venezuelans in neighboring countries. </p> <p>The bill imposes sanctions on foreign persons responsible for or complicit in corruption or activity undermining Venezuela's democratic institutions. Sanctions include barring entry into the United States and various financial restrictions.</p> <p>The bill also (1) authorizes or imposes various sanctions targeting the Maduro regime's ability to finance debt, trade gold, and use cryptocurrencies; and (2) imposes visa-blocking sanctions on aliens acting on behalf of Russia to support Maduro regime security forces.</p> <p>The bill directs the State Department to </p> <ul> <li>work with nongovernmental organizations to strengthen democratic governance and defend human rights in Venezuela, </li> <li>work with foreign governments to investigate corruption and recover assets stolen from Venezuela, and</li> <li>offer to help other countries establish legislative frameworks to impose sanctions on Maduro regime officials. </li></ul> <p>The President shall engage with multilateral development banks to assist in rebuilding Venezuela's economy and energy infrastructure. </p> <p>The bill directs the President to prevent Russia's government-controlled oil company Rosneft from acquiring control of critical U.S. energy infrastructure, including assets belonging to Venezuela's state-owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. </p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>VERDAD Act of 2019</title>
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        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>VERDAD Act of 2019</title>
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        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Introduced</titleType>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate for portions of this bill</titleType>
        <title>Venezuela Arms Restriction Act</title>
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        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Reported to Senate</billTextVersionName>
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      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate for portions of this bill</titleType>
        <title>Russian-Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act</title>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Reported to Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>RS</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Title(s) as Reported to Senate for portions of this bill</titleType>
        <title>Humanitarian Assistance to the Venezuelan People Act of 2019</title>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
        <billTextVersionName>Reported to Senate</billTextVersionName>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>A bill to provide humanitarian relief to the Venezuelan people and Venezuelan migrants, to advance a constitutional and democratic solution to Venezuela's political crisis, to address Venezuela's economic reconstruction, to combat public corruption, narcotics trafficking, and money laundering, and for other purposes.</title>
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      <actionDate>2019-06-03</actionDate>
      <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 101.</text>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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