<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<billStatus>
  <version>3.0.0</version>
  <bill>
    <number>141</number>
    <updateDate>2023-01-11T13:34:08Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2023-01-11T13:34:08Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>Senate</originChamber>
    <type>S</type>
    <introducedDate>2017-01-12</introducedDate>
    <congress>115</congress>
    <committees>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hlig00</systemCode>
        <name>Intelligence (Permanent Select) Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Select</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Discharged from</name>
            <date>2019-01-03T16:19:00Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2017-05-04T00:50:02Z</date>
          </item>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsfa00</systemCode>
        <name>Foreign Affairs Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Discharged from</name>
            <date>2019-01-03T16:18:00Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2017-05-04T00:50:01Z</date>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hspw00</systemCode>
        <name>Transportation and Infrastructure Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Discharged from</name>
            <date>2019-01-03T16:17:00Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2017-05-04T00:50:00Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsas00</systemCode>
        <name>Armed Services Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsas29</systemCode>
            <name>Strategic Forces Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2017-05-23T16:22:08Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Discharged from</name>
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            <name>Referred to</name>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
        <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Reported by</name>
            <date>2019-01-03T16:15:00Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Markup by</name>
            <date>2018-07-24T15:07:21Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2017-05-04T00:49:58Z</date>
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        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
        <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
        <chamber>Senate</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Reported by</name>
            <date>2017-03-30T20:55:24Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Markup by</name>
            <date>2017-01-24T15:00:00Z</date>
          </item>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2017-01-12T21:53:11Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
    </committees>
    <committeeReports>
      <committeeReport>
        <citation>H. Rept. 115-1129</citation>
      </committeeReport>
      <committeeReport>
        <citation>S. Rept. 115-21</citation>
      </committeeReport>
    </committeeReports>
    <relatedBills>
      <item>
        <title>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</title>
        <congress>115</congress>
        <number>3086</number>
        <type>HR</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2018-05-22</actionDate>
          <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Space.</text>
        </latestAction>
        <relationshipDetails>
          <item>
            <type>Related bill</type>
            <identifiedBy>CRS</identifiedBy>
          </item>
        </relationshipDetails>
      </item>
    </relatedBills>
    <actions>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 896.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
        <actionCode>H12410</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <calendarNumber>
          <calendar>U00896</calendar>
        </calendarNumber>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Intelligence (Permanent) discharged.</text>
        <type>Discharge</type>
        <actionCode>H12300</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
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            <systemCode>hlig00</systemCode>
            <name>Intelligence (Permanent Select) Committee</name>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Intelligence (Permanent) discharged.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>5500</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hlig00</systemCode>
            <name>Intelligence (Permanent Select) Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Foreign Affairs discharged.</text>
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        <actionCode>H12300</actionCode>
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          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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            <systemCode>hsfa00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Affairs Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Foreign Affairs discharged.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>5500</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsfa00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Affairs Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Transportation discharged.</text>
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        <actionCode>H12300</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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          <item>
            <systemCode>hspw00</systemCode>
            <name>Transportation and Infrastructure Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Transportation discharged.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>5500</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hspw00</systemCode>
            <name>Transportation and Infrastructure Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Armed Services discharged.</text>
        <type>Discharge</type>
        <actionCode>H12300</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsas00</systemCode>
            <name>Armed Services Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Armed Services discharged.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>5500</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsas00</systemCode>
            <name>Armed Services Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. H. Rept. 115-1129, Part I.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>H12200</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
        <text>Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. H. Rept. 115-1129, Part I.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>5000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2018-07-24</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
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        <text>Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2018-07-24</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-23</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsas29</systemCode>
            <name>Strategic Forces Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hlig00</systemCode>
            <name>Intelligence (Permanent Select) Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsfa00</systemCode>
            <name>Foreign Affairs Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hspw00</systemCode>
            <name>Transportation and Infrastructure Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsas00</systemCode>
            <name>Armed Services Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <actionTime>12:34:51</actionTime>
        <text>Received in the House.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>H14000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-03</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Message on Senate action sent to the House.</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-02</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S2672-2674; text: S2672-2674)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-05-02</actionDate>
        <text>Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S2672-2674; text: S2672-2674)</text>
        <type>Floor</type>
        <actionCode>17000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-03-30</actionDate>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 29.</text>
        <type>Calendars</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-03-30</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Thune with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 115-21.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-03-30</actionDate>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Thune with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 115-21.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
        <actionCode>14000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-01-24</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-01-12</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>sscm00</systemCode>
            <name>Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <name>Senate</name>
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        <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.</text>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2017-01-12</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in Senate</text>
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        <actionCode>10000</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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    </actions>
    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000595</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI]</fullName>
        <firstName>Gary</firstName>
        <lastName>Peters</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000562</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cory</firstName>
        <lastName>Gardner</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2017-01-12</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001288</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]</fullName>
        <firstName>Cory</firstName>
        <lastName>Booker</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NJ</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2017-01-12</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000437</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Wicker</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2017-01-12</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000367</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN]</fullName>
        <firstName>Amy</firstName>
        <lastName>Klobuchar</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <sponsorshipDate>2017-01-23</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>N000032</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Sen. Nelson, Bill [D-FL]</fullName>
        <firstName>CLARENCE</firstName>
        <lastName>NELSON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <middleName>WILLIAM</middleName>
        <sponsorshipDate>2017-03-02</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <cboCostEstimates>
      <item>
        <pubDate>2017-02-24T21:04:00Z</pubDate>
        <title>S. 141, Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</title>
        <url>https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52458</url>
        <description>As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on January 24, 2017</description>
      </item>
      <item>
        <pubDate>2018-10-02T19:41:30Z</pubDate>
        <title>S. 141, Space Weather Coordination Act</title>
        <url>https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54531</url>
        <description>As ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on July 24, 2018</description>
      </item>
    </cboCostEstimates>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Atmospheric science and weather</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Aviation and airports</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Executive agency funding and structure</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government information and archives</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Infrastructure development</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Intelligence activities, surveillance, classified information</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Military facilities and property</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Research administration and funding</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Spacecraft and satellites</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Transportation safety and security</name>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2017-01-12</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in Senate</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2017-05-05T19:42:18Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</b></p> <p> This bill directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to:</p> <ul> <li>coordinate the development and implementation of federal government activities to improve the nation's ability to prepare, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather events; and </li> <li>coordinate the activities of the National Space Weather Program members.</li> </ul> <p>The National Science and Technology Council shall establish an interagency working group on space weather. </p> <p>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shall secure reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery.</p> <p>The National Science Foundation (NSF), the Air Force, and the Navy, where practicable in support of the Air Force, shall each:</p> <ul> <li>maintain and improve ground-based observations of the Sun; and </li> <li>provide space weather data by means of ground-based facilities, including solar observatories. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA, the Air Force, and the Navy, where practicable in support of the Air Force, shall conduct a survey to prioritize the needs of space weather forecast users.</p> <p> The NSF, NOAA, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shall pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further our understanding of solar physics, space physics, and space weather. </p> <p>NASA shall seek to implement missions meeting science objectives identified in National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys. </p> <p>NASA, the NSF, NOAA, the Air Force, and the Navy, where practicable in support of the Air Force, shall:</p> <ul> <li>develop a mechanism to transition NASA, NSF, Air Force, and Navy research findings, models, and capabilities to NOAA and the Department of Defense (DOD) space weather operational forecasting centers; and </li> <li>enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers. </li> </ul> <p>NASA and the NSF shall:</p> <ul> <li>make space weather related data obtained for scientific research available to space weather forecasters and operations centers, and </li> <li>support model development and applications to space weather forecasting. </li> </ul> <p> The Space Weather Interagency Working Group shall develop benchmarks for measuring solar disturbances.</p> <p> NOAA shall inform the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) about space weather hazards to protect national critical infrastructure from space weather events. </p> <p>The National Security Council shall develop mechanisms to protect national security assets from space weather threats.</p> <p> The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) shall: </p> <ul> <li> assess the safety implications and vulnerability of the nation's airspace system by space weather events, and </li> <li>develop methods to increase the interaction between the aviation community and the space weather research and service provider community. </li> </ul>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>01</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2017-03-30</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Reported to Senate with amendment(s)</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2017-05-19T18:33:25Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p><b>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</b></p> <p>(Sec. 2) This bill directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to:</p> <ul> <li>coordinate the development and implementation of federal government activities to improve the nation's ability to prepare, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather events; and </li> <li>coordinate the activities of the Space Weather Interagency Working Group, which shall be established by the National Science and Technology Council to continue coordination of executive branch efforts to understand, prepare, coordinate, and plan for space weather. </li> </ul> <p>In order to understand and respond to the adverse effects of space weather, the working group shall leverage capabilities across participating federal agencies. </p> <p>It is the sense of Congress that the interagency collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on terrestrial weather observations provides:</p> <ul> <li>an effective mechanism for improving weather and climate data collection while avoiding unnecessary duplication of capabilities across federal agencies, and </li> <li>an agency collaboration model that could benefit space weather observations. </li> </ul> <p>NASA and NOAA shall enter into at least one interagency agreement that provides for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, and technologies.</p> <p>It is U.S. policy to establish and sustain a baseline capability for space weather observations.</p> <p>The OSTP, in coordination with NOAA, NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Department of Defense (DOD), shall develop an integrated strategy for solar and solar wind observations beyond the lifetime of current assets that considers the provision of:</p> <ul> <li>solar wind measurements and other measurements essential to space weather forecasting, and</li> <li>solar and space weather measurements important for scientific purposes. </li> </ul> <p>In developing such strategy, the OSTP shall consider small satellite options, hosted payloads, commercial options, international options, and prize authority. </p> <p>In order to sustain current space-based observational capabilities, NASA shall:</p> <ul> <li>in cooperation with the European Space Agency, maintain operations of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (SOHO/LASCO) for as long as it continues to deliver quality observations, and </li> <li>prioritize the reception of LASCO data. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA shall secure reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery. </p> <p>NOAA, in coordination with DOD and NASA, shall develop options to build and deploy one or more instruments for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery.</p> <p>In developing such options, NOAA shall consider commercial solutions, prize authority, academic and international partnerships, microsatellites, ground-based instruments, and opportunities to deploy the instrument or instruments as a secondary payload on an upcoming planned launch. </p> <p>In securing reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery, NOAA shall make it a priority to achieve a cost-effective solution.</p> <p>NOAA shall develop an operational contingency plan to provide continuous space weather forecasting in the event of a SOHO/LASCO failure.</p> <p>Within 120 days of the enactment of this bill, NOAA shall brief Congress on the options for building and deploying the instrument or instruments and the operational contingency plan. </p> <p>NOAA, in coordination with DOD, shall develop requirements and a plan for follow-on space-based observations for operational purposes. </p> <p>The OSTP shall report to Congress on the integrated strategy, including the plans for follow-on space-based observations. </p> <p>The NSF the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy shall each:</p> <ul> <li>maintain and improve, as necessary and advisable, ground-based observations of the sun; and </li> <li>provide space weather data by means of ground-based facilities, including radars, lidars, magnetometers, radio receivers, aurora and airglow imagers, spectrometers, interferometers, and solar observatories. </li> </ul> <p>The NSF shall: </p> <ul> <li>provide key data streams from such platforms for research and to support space weather model development,</li> <li>develop experimental models for scientific purposes, and</li> <li>support the transition of such models to operations where appropriate. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA, the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy, in conjunction with other relevant federal agencies, shall conduct a survey to identify and prioritize the needs of space weather forecast users, including space weather data and space weather forecast data needed to improve services and inform research priorities and technology needs. </p> <p>NOAA, the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy, shall: <ul> <li>make the survey's results publicly available; and</li> <li>notify Congress of making those results available to the public. </li> </ul> <p> The NSF, NASA, and DOD shall continue to carry out basic research activities on heliophysics, geospace science, and space weather and support competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research, modeling, and monitoring of space weather and its impacts, including science goals outlined in Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys conducted by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). </p> <p> The NSF, NOAA, and NASA shall pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further our understanding of solar physics, space physics, and space weather. </p> <p>It is the sense of Congress that NASA and the NSF should support competitively awarded Heliophysics Science Centers. </p> <p>NASA shall seek to implement missions meeting science objectives identified in NAS Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys. </p> <p>NASA, the NSF, NOAA, and the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy shall:</p> <ul> <li>develop a mechanism to transition NASA, NSF, Air Force, and Navy research findings, models, and capabilities to NOAA and DOD space weather operational forecasting centers; and </li> <li>enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA and DOD, in coordination with NASA and the NSF, shall develop a mechanism to communicate the operational needs of space weather forecasters to the research community. </p> <p>NASA and the NSF shall support the development of technologies and instrumentation to improve space weather forecasting lead-time and accuracy to meet needs identified by NOAA. </p> <p>NASA and the NSF shall:</p> <ul> <li>make space weather related data obtained for scientific research available to space weather forecasters and operations centers, and </li> <li>support model development and applications to space weather forecasting. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA shall make space weather related data obtained from operational forecasting available for scientific research. </p> <p>The provisions relating to space weather under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 are repealed. </p> <p>(Sec. 3) The Space Weather Interagency Working Group shall: </p> <ul> <li>assess existing data, the historical record, models, and peer-reviewed studies on space weather; and </li> <li> develop preliminary benchmarks for measuring solar disturbances.</li> </ul> <p>Within 18 months of the development of the preliminary benchmarks, the working group shall publish final benchmarks and NASA shall contract with the NAS to review them. </p> <p>The working group shall update and revise the final benchmarks as necessary, based on:</p> <ul> <li>the results of the review by the NAS,</li> <li>any significant new data or advances in scientific understanding that become available, or </li> <li>the evolving needs of entities impacted by solar disturbances. </li> </ul> <p>(Sec. 4) NOAA shall inform the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) about space weather hazards to protect national critical infrastructure from space weather events. </p> <p>DHS shall:</p> <ul> <li>include, in meeting national critical infrastructure reporting requirements, an assessment of the vulnerability of such infrastructure to space weather events; and </li> <li>support critical infrastructure providers in managing the risks and impacts associated with space weather. </li> </ul> <p>(Sec. 5) The National Security Council shall: </p> <ul> <li>assess the vulnerability of the national security community to space weather events, and </li> <li> develop mechanisms to protect national security assets from space weather threats.</li> </ul> <p>DOD shall inform the National Security Council, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of the defense agencies about space weather hazards for purposes of the protection of those assets. </p> <p>(Sec. 6) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) shall assess:</p> <ul> <li> the safety implications and vulnerability of the national airspace system by space weather events;</li> <li> methods to mitigate the safety implications and effects of space weather on aviation communication systems, aircraft navigation systems, satellite and ground-based navigation systems, and potential health effects of radiation exposure; and</li> <li>options for incorporating space weather into operational training for pilots, cabin crews, dispatchers, air traffic controllers, meteorologists, and engineers.</li> </ul> <p>The FAA shall develop methods to increase the interaction between the aviation community and the space weather research and service provider community. </p>]]></text>
      </summary>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>35</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2017-05-02</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Passed Senate amended</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2017-05-19T18:35:45Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p>(This measure has not been amended since it was reported to the Senate on March 30, 2017. The summary of that version is repeated here.)</p> <p><b>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</b></p> <p>(Sec. 2) This bill directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to:</p> <ul> <li>coordinate the development and implementation of federal government activities to improve the nation's ability to prepare, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather events; and </li> <li>coordinate the activities of the Space Weather Interagency Working Group, which shall be established by the National Science and Technology Council to continue coordination of executive branch efforts to understand, prepare, coordinate, and plan for space weather. </li> </ul> <p>In order to understand and respond to the adverse effects of space weather, the working group shall leverage capabilities across participating federal agencies. </p> <p>It is the sense of Congress that the interagency collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on terrestrial weather observations provides:</p> <ul> <li>an effective mechanism for improving weather and climate data collection while avoiding unnecessary duplication of capabilities across federal agencies, and </li> <li>an agency collaboration model that could benefit space weather observations. </li> </ul> <p>NASA and NOAA shall enter into at least one interagency agreement that provides for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, and technologies.</p> <p>It is U.S. policy to establish and sustain a baseline capability for space weather observations. </p> <p>The OSTP, in coordination with NOAA, NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Department of Defense (DOD), shall develop an integrated strategy for solar and solar wind observations beyond the lifetime of current assets that considers the provision of:</p> <ul> <li>solar wind measurements and other measurements essential to space weather forecasting, and</li> <li>solar and space weather measurements important for scientific purposes. </li> </ul> <p>In developing such strategy, the OSTP shall consider small satellite options, hosted payloads, commercial options, international options, and prize authority. </p> <p>In order to sustain current space-based observational capabilities, NASA shall:</p> <ul> <li>in cooperation with the European Space Agency, maintain operations of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (SOHO/LASCO) for as long as it continues to deliver quality observations, and </li> <li>prioritize the reception of LASCO data. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA shall secure reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery. </p> <p>NOAA, in coordination with DOD and NASA, shall develop options to build and deploy one or more instruments for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery.</p> <p>In developing such options, NOAA shall consider commercial solutions, prize authority, academic and international partnerships, microsatellites, ground-based instruments, and opportunities to deploy the instrument or instruments as a secondary payload on an upcoming planned launch. </p> <p>In securing reliable secondary capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery, NOAA shall make it a priority to achieve a cost-effective solution. </p> <p>NOAA shall develop an operational contingency plan to provide continuous space weather forecasting in the event of a SOHO/LASCO failure. </p> <p>Within 120 days of the enactment of this bill, NOAA shall brief Congress on the options for building and deploying the instrument or instruments and the operational contingency plan. </p> <p>NOAA, in coordination with DOD, shall develop requirements and a plan for follow-on space-based observations for operational purposes. </p> <p>The OSTP shall report to Congress on the integrated strategy, including the plans for follow-on space-based observations. </p> <p>The NSF the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy shall each:</p> <ul> <li>maintain and improve, as necessary and advisable, ground-based observations of the sun; and </li> <li>provide space weather data by means of ground-based facilities, including radars, lidars, magnetometers, radio receivers, aurora and airglow imagers, spectrometers, interferometers, and solar observatories. </li> </ul> <p>The NSF shall: </p> <ul> <li>provide key data streams from such platforms for research and to support space weather model development,</li> <li>develop experimental models for scientific purposes, and</li> <li>support the transition of such models to operations where appropriate. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA, the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy, in conjunction with other relevant federal agencies, shall conduct a survey to identify and prioritize the needs of space weather forecast users, including space weather data and space weather forecast data needed to improve services and inform research priorities and technology needs. </p> <p>NOAA, the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy, shall: <ul> <li>make the survey's results publicly available; and</li> <li>notify Congress of making those results available to the public. </li> </ul> <p> The NSF, NASA, and DOD shall continue to carry out basic research activities on heliophysics, geospace science, and space weather and support competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research, modeling, and monitoring of space weather and its impacts, including science goals outlined in Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys conducted by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). </p> <p> The NSF, NOAA, and NASA shall pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further our understanding of solar physics, space physics, and space weather. </p> <p>It is the sense of Congress that NASA and the NSF should support competitively awarded Heliophysics Science Centers. </p> <p>NASA shall seek to implement missions meeting science objectives identified in NAS Solar and Space Physics Decadal surveys. </p> <p>NASA, the NSF, NOAA, and the Air Force, and where practicable in support of the Air Force, the Navy shall:</p> <ul> <li>develop a mechanism to transition NASA, NSF, Air Force, and Navy research findings, models, and capabilities to NOAA and DOD space weather operational forecasting centers; and </li> <li>enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA and DOD, in coordination with NASA and the NSF, shall develop a mechanism to communicate the operational needs of space weather forecasters to the research community. </p> <p>NASA and the NSF shall support the development of technologies and instrumentation to improve space weather forecasting lead-time and accuracy to meet needs identified by NOAA. </p> <p>NASA and the NSF shall:</p> <ul> <li>make space weather related data obtained for scientific research available to space weather forecasters and operations centers, and </li> <li>support model development and applications to space weather forecasting. </li> </ul> <p>NOAA shall make space weather related data obtained from operational forecasting available for scientific research. </p> <p>The provisions relating to space weather under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 are repealed. </p> <p>(Sec. 3) The Space Weather Interagency Working Group shall: </p> <ul> <li>assess existing data, the historical record, models, and peer-reviewed studies on space weather; and </li> <li> develop preliminary benchmarks for measuring solar disturbances. </li> </ul> <p>Within 18 months of the development of the preliminary benchmarks, the working group shall publish final benchmarks and NASA shall contract with the NAS to review them. </p> <p>The working group shall update and revise the final benchmarks as necessary, based on:</p> <ul> <li>the results of the review by the NAS,</li> <li>any significant new data or advances in scientific understanding that become available, or </li> <li>the evolving needs of entities impacted by solar disturbances. </li> </ul> <p>(Sec. 4) NOAA shall inform the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) about space weather hazards to protect national critical infrastructure from space weather events. </p> <p>DHS shall:</p> <ul> <li>include, in meeting national critical infrastructure reporting requirements, an assessment of the vulnerability of such infrastructure to space weather events; and </li> <li>support critical infrastructure providers in managing the risks and impacts associated with space weather. </li> </ul> <p>(Sec. 5) The National Security Council shall: </p> <ul> <li>assess the vulnerability of the national security community to space weather events, and </li> <li> develop mechanisms to protect national security assets from space weather threats. </li> </ul> <p>DOD shall inform the National Security Council, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of the defense agencies about space weather hazards for purposes of the protection of those assets. </p> <p>(Sec. 6) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) shall assess:</p> <ul> <li> the safety implications and vulnerability of the national airspace system by space weather events;</li> <li> methods to mitigate the safety implications and effects of space weather on aviation communication systems, aircraft navigation systems, satellite and ground-based navigation systems, and potential health effects of radiation exposure; and</li> <li>options for incorporating space weather into operational training for pilots, cabin crews, dispatchers, air traffic controllers, meteorologists, and engineers. </li> </ul> <p>The FAA shall develop methods to increase the interaction between the aviation community and the space weather research and service provider community. </p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>Space Weather Coordination Act</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>Space Weather Coordination Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>A bill to improve understanding and forecasting of space weather events, and for other purposes.</title>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in Senate</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IS</billTextVersionCode>
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        <title>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Reported to House</titleType>
        <title>Space Weather Coordination Act</title>
        <chamberCode>H</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>House</chamberName>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Reported to Senate</titleType>
        <title>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</title>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
      </item>
      <item>
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        <title>Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act</title>
        <chamberCode>S</chamberCode>
        <chamberName>Senate</chamberName>
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        <type>Reported in House</type>
        <date>2019-01-03T05:00:00Z</date>
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          </item>
        </formats>
      </item>
      <item>
        <type>Referred in House</type>
        <date>2017-05-03T04:00:00Z</date>
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          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-115s141rfh/xml/BILLS-115s141rfh.xml</url>
          </item>
        </formats>
      </item>
      <item>
        <type>Engrossed in Senate</type>
        <date>2017-05-02T04:00:00Z</date>
        <formats>
          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-115s141es/xml/BILLS-115s141es.xml</url>
          </item>
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      </item>
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        <type>Reported to Senate</type>
        <date>2017-03-30T04:00:00Z</date>
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            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-115s141rs/xml/BILLS-115s141rs.xml</url>
          </item>
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      </item>
      <item>
        <type>Introduced in Senate</type>
        <date>2017-01-12T05:00:00Z</date>
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          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-115s141is/xml/BILLS-115s141is.xml</url>
          </item>
        </formats>
      </item>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2019-01-03</actionDate>
      <text>Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 896.</text>
    </latestAction>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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