<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<billStatus>
  <version>3.0.0</version>
  <bill>
    <number>1196</number>
    <updateDate>2023-01-11T13:20:17Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2023-01-11T13:20:17Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>House</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>H</originChamberCode>
    <type>HR</type>
    <introducedDate>2011-03-17</introducedDate>
    <congress>112</congress>
    <constitutionalAuthorityStatementText><![CDATA[<pre>From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [<a href='http://www.gpo.gov'>www.gpo.gov</a>]By Mr. GARY G. MILLER of California:H.R. 1196.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Section 5 of Amendment XIV to the Constitution.Clause 1 of Section 8 of Article I of the Constitution.[Page H1987]</pre>]]></constitutionalAuthorityStatementText>
    <committees>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsju00</systemCode>
        <name>Judiciary Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsju01</systemCode>
            <name>Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-06-01T13:17:52Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsju08</systemCode>
            <name>Crime and Federal Government Surveillance Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-06-01T13:17:44Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:00:49Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsgo00</systemCode>
        <name>Oversight and Accountability Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsgo30</systemCode>
            <name>Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-04-01T18:10:24Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:00:54Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsag00</systemCode>
        <name>Agriculture Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsag15</systemCode>
            <name>Forestry Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-03-29T19:32:07Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:30Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hshm00</systemCode>
        <name>Homeland Security Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hshm11</systemCode>
            <name>Border Security and Enforcement Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-03-25T17:47:51Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
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        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:15Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsii00</systemCode>
        <name>Natural Resources Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsii10</systemCode>
            <name>Federal Lands Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-03-23T17:28:31Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
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        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:25Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hswm00</systemCode>
        <name>Ways and Means Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hswm01</systemCode>
            <name>Social Security Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2011-03-22T20:00:59Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:20Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsba00</systemCode>
        <name>Financial Services Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:10Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsha00</systemCode>
        <name>Committee on House Administration</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:05Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
      <item>
        <systemCode>hsed00</systemCode>
        <name>Education and the Workforce Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2011-03-17T13:01:00Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
      </item>
    </committees>
    <actions>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-06-01</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsju01</systemCode>
            <name>Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-06-01</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsju08</systemCode>
            <name>Crime and Federal Government Surveillance Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-04-01</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsgo30</systemCode>
            <name>Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform .</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-29</actionDate>
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          <item>
            <systemCode>hsag15</systemCode>
            <name>Forestry Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Conservation, Energy, and Forestry.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-25</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hshm11</systemCode>
            <name>Border Security and Enforcement Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-23</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsii10</systemCode>
            <name>Federal Lands Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-22</actionDate>
        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hswm01</systemCode>
            <name>Social Security Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>1</code>
          <name>House committee actions</name>
        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Social Security.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
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          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
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            <name>Agriculture Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsii00</systemCode>
            <name>Natural Resources Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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        <committees>
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            <name>Ways and Means Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hshm00</systemCode>
            <name>Homeland Security Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
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          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsba00</systemCode>
            <name>Financial Services Committee</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
        <type>IntroReferral</type>
        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>2</code>
          <name>House floor actions</name>
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        <committees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hsha00</systemCode>
            <name>Committee on House Administration</name>
          </item>
        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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          <code>2</code>
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        <committees>
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            <name>Education and the Workforce Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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            <name>Oversight and Accountability Committee</name>
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        </committees>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, House Administration, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text>
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            <name>Judiciary Committee</name>
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        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in House</text>
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        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in House</text>
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          <code>9</code>
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    </actions>
    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001139</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Miller, Gary G. [R-CA-42]</fullName>
        <firstName>GARY</firstName>
        <lastName>MILLER</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>42</district>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001064</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Campbell, John [R-CA-48]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Campbell</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>48</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-03-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001158</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Marchant, Kenny [R-TX-24]</fullName>
        <firstName>Kenny</firstName>
        <lastName>Marchant</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <district>24</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-03-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001134</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Myrick, Sue Wilkins [R-NC-9]</fullName>
        <firstName>SUE</firstName>
        <lastName>MYRICK</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NC</state>
        <middleName>WILKINS</middleName>
        <district>9</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-03-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B000461</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Bilbray, Brian P. [R-CA-50]</fullName>
        <firstName>BRIAN</firstName>
        <lastName>BILBRAY</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>P.</middleName>
        <district>50</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-04-14</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000585</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Platts, Todd Russell [R-PA-19]</fullName>
        <firstName>TODD</firstName>
        <lastName>PLATTS</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>PA</state>
        <middleName>RUSSELL</middleName>
        <district>19</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-05-02</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000487</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Royce, Edward R. [R-CA-40]</fullName>
        <firstName>ED</firstName>
        <lastName>ROYCE</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>40</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-05-02</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001274</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Brooks, Mo [R-AL-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mo</firstName>
        <lastName>Brooks</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AL</state>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2011-07-07</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Immigration</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Bank accounts, deposits, capital</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Border security and unlawful immigration</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>California</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Citizenship and naturalization</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Civil actions and liability</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Congressional operations and organization</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Correctional facilities and imprisonment</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Criminal justice information and records</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Criminal procedure and sentencing</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Department of Homeland Security</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Detention of persons</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Evidence and witnesses</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Financial services and investments</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Foreign labor</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Fraud offenses and financial crimes</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government employee pay, benefits, personnel management</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government information and archives</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Higher education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Housing finance and home ownership</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Income tax credits</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Intergovernmental relations</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International law and treaties</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Latin America</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Law enforcement administration and funding</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Law enforcement officers</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Licensing and registrations</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Low- and moderate-income housing</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Mexico</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Motor vehicles</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>New Mexico</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Postal service</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Poverty and welfare assistance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Public contracts and procurement</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Public housing</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Smuggling and trafficking</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Social security and elderly assistance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>State and local finance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>State and local government operations</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Student aid and college costs</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Tax administration and collection, taxpayers</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Texas</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Visas and passports</name>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Immigration</name>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2011-03-17</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in House</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2011-05-03T13:13:39Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p>Loophole Elimination and Verification Enforcement Act or the LEAVE Act - Revises immigration- and alien-related provisions regarding: (1) alien smuggling and related offenses, (2) identity security, (3) birthright citizenship, (4) housing and homeowneship, (5) taxes and social security, (6) employee verification, (7) financial services, (8) border and law enforcement, (9) state and local government authority, and (10) in-state tuition.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>LEAVE Act</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>LEAVE Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>To remove the incentives and loopholes that encourage illegal aliens to come to the United States to live and work, provide additional resources to local law enforcement and Federal border and immigration officers, and for other purposes.</title>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in House</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IH</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>LEAVE Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>Loophole Elimination and Verification Enforcement Act</title>
      </item>
    </titles>
    <textVersions>
      <item>
        <type>Introduced in House</type>
        <date>2011-03-17T04:00:00Z</date>
        <formats>
          <item>
            <url>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112hr1196ih/xml/BILLS-112hr1196ih.xml</url>
          </item>
        </formats>
      </item>
    </textVersions>
    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2011-06-01</actionDate>
      <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.</text>
    </latestAction>
  </bill>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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