3.0.0 4247 2023-01-11T13:16:28Z 2023-01-11T13:16:28Z House H HR 2009-12-09 111 sshr00 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee Senate Standing Referred to 2010-03-04T16:26:58Z hsed00 Education and the Workforce Committee House Standing hsed14 Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education Subcommittee Referred to 2010-01-04T22:01:04Z Reported by 2010-02-23T21:36:57Z Referred to 2009-12-09T15:03:49Z H. Rept. 111-417 Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act 111 2860 S 2009-12-09 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Related bill CRS Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4247) to prevent and reduce the use of physical restraint and seclusion in schools, and for other purposes. 111 1126 HRES 2010-03-03 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. 14:15:59 Procedurally-related House 2010-03-04 sshr00 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee Senate Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. IntroReferral 2010-03-03 16:31:37 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. Floor H38310 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 16:31:36 On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 262 - 153 (Roll no. 82). Floor H37100 2 House floor actions 82 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll082.xml House 111 2010-03-03T21:31:36Z 2 2010-03-03 16:31:36 Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 262 - 153 (Roll no. 82). Floor 8000 9 Library of Congress 82 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll082.xml House 111 2010-03-03T21:31:36Z 2 2010-03-03 16:15:47 The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule. (consideration: CR H1063) Floor H35000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 15:41:58 DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 1126, the House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Flake amendment. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 15:39:02 DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 1126, the House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the George Miller (CA) amendment. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 14:39:57 DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 4247. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 14:39:56 Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4247 with 1 hour of general debate. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Specified amendments are in order. All points of order against consideration of the bill are waived except those arising under clause 9 or 10 of rule XXI. The amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on Education and Labor now printed in the bill shall be considered as adopted. Floor H8D000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 14:39:55 Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 1126. (consideration: CR H1048-1064; text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H1048-1050) Floor H30000 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 14:15:58 Rule H. Res. 1126 passed House. Floor H1L220 2 House floor actions 2010-03-02 18:49:56 Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 1126 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4247 with 1 hour of general debate. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Specified amendments are in order. All points of order against consideration of the bill are waived except those arising under clause 9 or 10 of rule XXI. The amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on Education and Labor now printed in the bill shall be considered as adopted. Floor H1L210 2 House floor actions 2010-02-23 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 243. Calendars H12410 2 House floor actions U00243 2010-02-23 Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Labor. H. Rept. 111-417. Committee H12200 2 House floor actions hsed00 Education and the Workforce Committee 2010-02-23 Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Labor. H. Rept. 111-417. Committee 5000 9 Library of Congress hsed00 Education and the Workforce Committee 2010-02-04 hsed00 Education and the Workforce Committee 1 House committee actions Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 34 - 10. Committee 2010-01-04 hsed14 Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education Subcommittee 1 House committee actions Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education. Committee 2009-12-09 Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor. IntroReferral H11100 2 House floor actions hsed00 Education and the Workforce Committee 2009-12-09 Introduced in House IntroReferral Intro-H 9 Library of Congress 2009-12-09 Introduced in House IntroReferral 1000 9 Library of Congress M000725 Rep. Miller, George [D-CA-7] GEORGE MILLER D CA 7 N M001159 Rep. McMorris Rodgers, Cathy [R-WA-5] Cathy McMorris Rodgers R WA 5 2009-12-09 True M000309 Rep. McCarthy, Carolyn [D-NY-4] CAROLYN MCCARTHY D NY 4 2009-12-11 False H001040 Rep. Hare, Phil [D-IL-17] Phil Hare D IL 17 2009-12-14 False C001069 Rep. Courtney, Joe [D-CT-2] Joe Courtney D CT 2 2009-12-14 False E000288 Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5] Keith Ellison D MN 5 2009-12-14 False D000096 Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7] DANNY DAVIS D IL K. 7 2009-12-14 False M000087 Rep. Maloney, Carolyn B. [D-NY-14] CAROLYN MALONEY D NY B. 14 2009-12-15 False S001169 Rep. Sestak, Joe [D-PA-7] Joe Sestak D PA 7 2010-01-13 False P000585 Rep. Platts, Todd Russell [R-PA-19] TODD PLATTS R PA RUSSELL 19 2010-01-13 False S000185 Rep. Scott, Robert C. "Bobby" [D-VA-3] Robert Scott D VA C. "Bobby" 3 2010-01-13 False A000210 Rep. Andrews, Robert E. [D-NJ-1] ROBERT ANDREWS D NJ E. 1 2010-01-13 False F000116 Rep. Filner, Bob [D-CA-51] BOB FILNER D CA 51 2010-01-13 False R000462 Rep. Rothman, Steven R. [D-NJ-9] STEVEN ROTHMAN D NJ R. 9 2010-01-13 False G000551 Rep. Grijalva, Raúl M. [D-AZ-7] Raúl Grijalva D AZ M. 7 2010-01-13 False S001177 Del. Sablan, Gregorio Kilili Camacho [D-MP-At Large] Gregorio Sablan D MP Kilili Camacho 0 2010-01-13 False K000372 Rep. Kilroy, Mary Jo [D-OH-15] Mary Jo Kilroy D OH 15 2010-01-13 False M001143 Rep. McCollum, Betty [D-MN-4] BETTY MCCOLLUM D MN 4 2010-01-13 False H001045 Rep. Harper, Gregg [R-MS-3] Gregg Harper R MS 3 2010-01-19 False S001145 Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9] JANICE SCHAKOWSKY D IL D. 9 2010-01-19 False D000191 Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] PETER DEFAZIO D OR A. 4 2010-01-26 False H001047 Rep. Himes, James A. [D-CT-4] James Himes D CT A. 4 2010-01-26 False H001032 Rep. Holt, Rush [D-NJ-12] RUSH HOLT D NJ D. 12 2010-01-26 False S000480 Rep. Slaughter, Louise McIntosh [D-NY-28] LOUISE SLAUGHTER D NY M. 28 2010-01-26 False K000172 Rep. Kildee, Dale E. [D-MI-5] DALE KILDEE D MI E. 5 2010-01-27 False N000015 Rep. Neal, Richard E. [D-MA-2] RICHARD NEAL D MA E. 2 2010-01-27 False L000559 Rep. Langevin, James R. [D-RI-2] JAMES LANGEVIN D RI R. 2 2010-01-27 False S001165 Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-13] Albio Sires D NJ 13 2010-01-27 False T000469 Rep. Tonko, Paul [D-NY-21] Paul Tonko D NY 21 2010-02-02 False B001242 Rep. Bishop, Timothy H. [D-NY-1] Timothy Bishop D NY H. 1 2010-02-02 False W000738 Rep. Woolsey, Lynn C. [D-CA-6] LYNN WOOLSEY D CA 6 2010-02-02 False C001080 Rep. Chu, Judy [D-CA-32] Judy Chu D CA 32 2010-02-02 False H000636 Rep. Hinojosa, Ruben [D-TX-15] RUBEN HINOJOSA D TX 15 2010-02-03 False P000598 Rep. Polis, Jared [D-CO-2] Jared Polis D CO 2 2010-02-03 False P000596 Resident Commissioner Pierluisi, Pedro R. [D-PR-At Large] Pedro Pierluisi D PR R. 0 2010-02-03 False N000179 Rep. Napolitano, Grace F. [D-CA-38] GRACE NAPOLITANO D CA F. 38 2010-02-04 False K000113 Rep. Kennedy, Patrick J. [D-RI-1] PATRICK KENNEDY D RI J. 1 2010-02-22 False C001068 Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9] Steve Cohen D TN 9 2010-02-22 False H000627 Rep. Hinchey, Maurice D. [D-NY-22] MAURICE HINCHEY D NY D. 22 2010-02-22 False D000216 Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] ROSA DELAURO D CT 3 2010-02-22 False F000339 Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4] BARNEY FRANK D MA 4 2010-02-22 False 2010-02-12T06:00:00Z H.R. 4247, Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act http://www.cbo.gov/publication/21200 <p>Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Education and Labor on February 4, 2010</p> 2010-02-12T06:00:00Z H.R. 4247, Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act https://www.cbo.gov/publication/21200 Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Education and Labor on February 4, 2010 Education Administrative law and regulatory procedures Child health Child safety and welfare Department of Education Department of Health and Human Services Education programs funding Elementary and secondary education Emergency medical services and trauma care Government studies and investigations Preschool education School administration Special education Teaching, teachers, curricula Education 00 2009-12-09 Introduced in House 2009-12-16T21:34:49Z Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act - Directs the Secretary of Education (Secretary) to establish minimum standards that: (1) prohibit elementary and secondary school personnel from managing any student by using any mechanical or chemical restraint, physical restraint or escort that restricts breathing, or aversive behavioral intervention that compromises student health and safety; (2) prohibit such personnel from using physical restraint or seclusion, unless such measures are required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to the student or others and certain precautions are taken; (3) require states and local educational agencies (LEAs) to ensure that a sufficient number of school personnel receive state-approved training and certification in first aid and certain safe and effective student management techniques; (4) prohibit physical restraint or seclusion from being written into a student's education plan, individual safety plan, behavioral plan, or individual education program as a planned intervention; and (5) require schools to establish procedures to notify parents in a timely manner if physical restraint or seclusion is imposed on their child.

Authorizes the Secretary to award grants to states and, through them, competitive subgrants to LEAs to: (1) establish, implement, and enforce policies and procedures to meet such standards; (2) improve their capacity to collect and analyze data related to physical restraint and seclusion; and (3) implement school-wide positive behavior supports.

Directs the Secretary to conduct a national assessment of this Act's effectiveness.

Gives Protection and Advocacy Systems the authority provided under the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 to investigate, monitor, and enforce this Act's protections for students.

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish standards for Head Start agencies that are consistent with the minimum standards for the management of elementary and secondary school students.

Authorizes the Secretary to allocate funds to the Secretary of Health and Human Services to assist Head Start agencies in establishing, implementing, and enforcing policies and procedures to meet such standards.

]]> 17 2010-02-23 Reported to House with amendment(s) 2010-03-01T22:08:43Z Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act - (Sec. 5) Directs the Secretary of Education (Secretary) to establish minimum standards that: (1) prohibit elementary and secondary school personnel from managing any student by using any mechanical or chemical restraint, physical restraint or escort that restricts breathing, or aversive behavioral intervention that compromises student health and safety; (2) prohibit such personnel from using physical restraint or seclusion, unless such measures are required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to the student or others and certain precautions are taken; (3) require states and local educational agencies (LEAs) to ensure that a sufficient number of school personnel receive state-approved crisis intervention training and certification in first aid and certain safe and effective student management techniques; (4) prohibit physical restraint or seclusion from being written into a student's education plan, individual safety plan, behavioral plan, or individual education program as a planned intervention; and (5) require schools to establish procedures to notify parents in a timely manner if physical restraint or seclusion is imposed on their child.

Requires that when the physical restraint or seclusion of a student is required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to such student or others, school personnel continuously monitor such student face-to-face or, if their safety is significantly compromised by such monitoring, remain in direct visual contact with the student.

Directs the Secretary of the Interior to ensure that schools operated or funded by the Department of the Interior comply with such minimum standards.

(Sec. 6) Requires states, within two years after the establishment of such standards and annually thereafter, to: (1) provide the Secretary with their plan for meeting the standards, including a mechanism to effectively monitor and enforce them; and (2) provide the Secretary and the public with certain information regarding incidents over the preceding academic year in which physical restraint or seclusion was used on a student.

Directs the Secretary to enforce such requirements by withholding education funding from noncompliant states, requiring them to submit a corrective plan of action, or issuing a complaint to compel their compliance through a cease and desist order.

(Sec. 7) Authorizes the Secretary to award three-year grants to states and, through them, competitive subgrants to LEAs to: (1) establish, implement, and enforce policies and procedures to meet such standards; (2) improve their capacity to collect and analyze data related to physical restraint and seclusion; and (3) implement school-wide positive behavior supports.

Requires LEAs to allow private school personnel to participate, on an equitable basis, in activities supported by such grants and subgrants.

Requires state grantees, at the close of the grant period, to evaluate and report to the Secretary on their progress in preventing and reducing physical restraint and seclusion in schools.

Authorizes the Secretary to allocate funds to the Secretary of the Interior to carry out such activities with regard to schools operated or funded by the Department of the Interior.

(Sec. 8) Directs the Secretary to conduct a national assessment of this Act's effectiveness and report the assessment's findings to Congress.

(Sec. 9) Gives Protection and Advocacy Systems the authority provided under the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 to investigate, monitor, and enforce this Act's protections for students.

(Sec. 10) Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish standards for Head Start agencies that are consistent with the minimum standards for the management of elementary and secondary school students.

Authorizes the Secretary to allocate funds to the Secretary of Health and Human Services to assist Head Start agencies in establishing, implementing, and enforcing policies and procedures to meet such standards.

(Sec. 12) Authorizes appropriations for FY2011-FY2015.

]]> 36 2010-03-03 Passed House amended 2010-03-05T16:02:51Z Keeping All Students Safe Act - (Sec. 5) Directs the Secretary of Education (Secretary) to establish minimum standards that: (1) prohibit elementary and secondary school personnel from managing any student by using any mechanical or chemical restraint, physical restraint or escort that restricts breathing, or aversive behavioral intervention that compromises student health and safety; (2) prohibit such personnel from using physical restraint or seclusion, unless such measures are required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to the student or others and certain precautions are taken; (3) require states to ensure that a sufficient number of school personnel receive state-approved crisis intervention training and certification in first aid and certain safe and effective student management techniques; (4) prohibit physical restraint or seclusion from being written into a student's education plan, individual safety plan, behavioral plan, or individual education program as a planned intervention; and (5) require schools to establish procedures to notify parents in a timely manner if physical restraint or seclusion is imposed on their child.

Requires that when the physical restraint or seclusion of a student is required to eliminate an imminent danger of physical injury to such student or others, school personnel continuously monitor such student face-to-face or, if their safety is significantly compromised by such monitoring, remain in direct visual contact with the student.

Directs the Secretary of the Interior to ensure that schools operated or funded by the Department of the Interior comply with such minimum standards.

(Sec. 6) Requires states, within two years after the establishment of such standards and annually thereafter, to: (1) provide the Secretary with their plan for meeting the standards, including a mechanism to effectively monitor and enforce them; and (2) provide the Secretary and the public with certain information regarding incidents over the preceding academic year in which physical restraint or seclusion was used on a student.

Directs the Secretary to enforce such requirements by withholding education funding from noncompliant states, requiring them to submit a corrective plan of action, or issuing a complaint to compel their compliance through a cease and desist order.

(Sec. 7) Authorizes the Secretary to award three-year grants to states and, through them, competitive subgrants to local educational agencies (LEAs) to: (1) establish, implement, and enforce policies and procedures to meet such standards; (2) improve their capacity to collect and analyze data related to physical restraint and seclusion; and (3) implement school-wide positive behavior supports.

Requires LEAs to allow private school personnel to participate, on an equitable basis, in activities supported by such grants and subgrants.

Requires state grantees, at the close of the grant period, to evaluate and report to the Secretary on their progress in preventing and reducing physical restraint and seclusion in schools.

Authorizes the Secretary to allocate funds to the Secretary of the Interior to carry out such activities with regard to schools operated or funded by the Department of the Interior.

(Sec. 8) Directs the Secretary to conduct a national assessment of this Act's effectiveness and report the assessment's findings to Congress.

(Sec. 9) Gives Protection and Advocacy Systems the authority provided under the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 to investigate, monitor, and enforce this Act's protections for students.

(Sec. 10) Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish standards for Head Start agencies that are consistent with the minimum standards for the management of elementary and secondary school students.

Authorizes the Secretary to allocate funds to HHS to assist Head Start agencies in establishing, implementing, and enforcing policies and procedures to meet such standards.

(Sec. 12) Authorizes appropriations for FY2011-FY2015.

(Sec. 13) Expresses the presumption that this Act's grants will be awarded using competitive procedures based on merit. Requires the Secretary to submit an explanatory report to Congress when such procedures are not used.

(Sec. 14) Prohibits funds appropriated to implement this Act from being used for congressional earmarks.

]]> Keeping All Students Safe Act Display Title Keeping All Students Safe Act Official Title as Introduced To prevent and reduce the use of physical restraint and seclusion in schools, and for other purposes. Introduced in House IH Short Titles as Introduced Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act Short Titles as Reported to House Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act H House Short Titles as Passed House Keeping All Students Safe Act H House 586 111 HAMDT Amendment adds 2 new sections to the measure relating to the presumption of Congress that grants awarded under the bill will be awarded using competitive procedures and relating to a prohibition on earmarks. An amendment printed in Part B of House Report 111-425 to presume that grants awarded under this Act will be awarded using competitive, merit-based procedures, and would require that if a non-competitive basis is used, the Secretary of Education must report to Congress the reason why competition was not used. It also requires that no funds appropriated under this Act may be used for a congressional earmark, as defined in clause 9e of rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Representatives. 2022-02-03T06:09:36Z 2010-03-03 On agreeing to the Flake amendment (A002) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 391 - 24 (Roll no. 81). 16:14:22 Roll no. 81 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll81.xml F000444 Rep. Flake, Jeff [R-AZ-6] JEFF FLAKE R AZ 6 2010-03-03T05:00:00Z House of Representatives 111 HR House H 4247 Keeping All Students Safe Act 2023-01-11T13:16:28Z House Report 111-425 https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/111th-congress/house-report/425 8 2010-03-03 16:14:22 On agreeing to the Flake amendment (A002) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 391 - 24 (Roll no. 81). Floor H34111 2 House floor actions 81 House 111 2010-03-03T21:14:22Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll081.xml 2010-03-03 15:41:57 Amendment (A002) offered by Mr. Flake. (consideration: CR H1062-1063; text: CR H1062) Floor H3A100 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 15:41:57 House amendment offered/reported by : Amendment (A002) offered by Mr. Flake.(consideration: CR H1062-1063; text: CR H1062) NotUsed 71500 9 Library of Congress 2010-03-03 House amendment offered Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress 2010-03-03 16:14:22 Amendment agreed to by House: On agreeing to the Flake amendment (A002) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 391 - 24 (Roll no. 81). NotUsed 79000 9 Library of Congress 81 House 111 2010-03-03T21:14:22Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll081.xml 2010-03-03 16:14:22 House amendment agreed to: On agreeing to the Flake amendment (A002) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 391 - 24 (Roll no. 81). Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 81 House 111 2010-03-03T21:14:22Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll081.xml 2010-03-03 16:14:22 Roll call votes on amendments in House Floor 75000 9 Library of Congress 81 House 111 2010-03-03T21:14:22Z 2 https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll081.xml 585 111 HAMDT Amendment to change the short title of the bill and make minor technical edits. An amendment printed in in Part A of House Report 111-425 to change the short title of the bill and make minor technical edits. 2022-02-03T06:09:36Z 2010-03-03 On agreeing to the Miller, George amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote. 15:40:43 M000725 Rep. Miller, George [D-CA-7] GEORGE MILLER D CA 7 2010-03-03T05:00:00Z House of Representatives 111 HR House H 4247 Keeping All Students Safe Act 2023-01-11T13:16:28Z House Report 111-425 https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/111th-congress/house-report/425 7 2010-03-03 15:40:43 On agreeing to the Miller, George amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor H34111 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 15:38:59 Amendment (A001) offered by Mr. Miller, George. (consideration: CR H1062; text: CR H1062) Floor H3A100 2 House floor actions 2010-03-03 15:40:43 Amendment agreed to by House: On agreeing to the Miller, George amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote. NotUsed 79000 9 Library of Congress 2010-03-03 15:40:43 House amendment agreed to: On agreeing to the Miller, George amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote. Floor 72000 9 Library of Congress 2010-03-03 15:38:59 House amendment offered/reported by : Amendment (A001) offered by Mr. Miller, George.(consideration: CR H1062; text: CR H1062) NotUsed 71500 9 Library of Congress 2010-03-03 House amendment offered Floor 71000 9 Library of Congress Referred in Senate 2010-03-04T05:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-111hr4247rfs/xml/BILLS-111hr4247rfs.xml Engrossed in House 2010-03-03T05:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-111hr4247eh/xml/BILLS-111hr4247eh.xml Reported in House 2010-02-23T05:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-111hr4247rh/xml/BILLS-111hr4247rh.xml Introduced in House 2009-12-09T05:00:00Z https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-111hr4247ih/xml/BILLS-111hr4247ih.xml 2010-03-04 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.