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    <updateDate>2023-01-11T20:01:47Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2023-01-11T20:01:47Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>House</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>H</originChamberCode>
    <type>HR</type>
    <introducedDate>2007-02-28</introducedDate>
    <congress>110</congress>
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        <name>Education and the Workforce Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
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            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2007-02-28T15:02:45Z</date>
          </item>
        </activities>
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    </committees>
    <relatedBills>
      <item>
        <title>Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act</title>
        <congress>110</congress>
        <number>727</number>
        <type>S</type>
        <latestAction>
          <actionDate>2007-03-01</actionDate>
          <text>Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.</text>
        </latestAction>
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            <type>Related bill</type>
            <identifiedBy>CRS</identifiedBy>
          </item>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2007-02-28</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.</text>
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        <actionCode>H11100</actionCode>
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          <code>2</code>
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            <name>Education and the Workforce Committee</name>
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      <item>
        <actionDate>2007-02-28</actionDate>
        <text>Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E418-419)</text>
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        <actionCode>B00100</actionCode>
        <sourceSystem>
          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
        </sourceSystem>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2007-02-28</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in House</text>
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          <code>9</code>
          <name>Library of Congress</name>
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    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>V000128</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>Chris</firstName>
        <lastName>Van Hollen</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <district>8</district>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <cosponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000437</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>Roger</firstName>
        <lastName>Wicker</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-02-28</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>True</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>N000147</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]</fullName>
        <firstName>ELEANOR</firstName>
        <lastName>NORTON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>DC</state>
        <middleName>HOLMES</middleName>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001140</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Moore, Dennis [D-KS-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>DENNIS</firstName>
        <lastName>MOORE</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>KS</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-05</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>T000460</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Thompson, Mike [D-CA-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>MIKE</firstName>
        <lastName>THOMPSON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-07</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001231</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Berkley, Shelley [D-NV-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>SHELLEY</firstName>
        <lastName>BERKLEY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NV</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-09</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000399</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Doggett, Lloyd [D-TX-25]</fullName>
        <firstName>LLOYD</firstName>
        <lastName>DOGGETT</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <district>25</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-09</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000800</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Welch, Peter [D-VT-At Large]</fullName>
        <firstName>Peter</firstName>
        <lastName>Welch</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>VT</state>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-09</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001038</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Higgins, Brian [D-NY-27]</fullName>
        <firstName>Brian</firstName>
        <lastName>Higgins</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <district>27</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000063</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Edwards, Chet [D-TX-17]</fullName>
        <firstName>CHET</firstName>
        <lastName>EDWARDS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <district>17</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001167</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Mitchell, Harry E. [D-AZ-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Harry</firstName>
        <lastName>Mitchell</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AZ</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001149</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Michaud, Michael H. [D-ME-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>Michael</firstName>
        <lastName>Michaud</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>ME</state>
        <middleName>H.</middleName>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B000575</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Blunt, Roy [R-MO-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>ROY</firstName>
        <lastName>BLUNT</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001144</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Shays, Christopher [R-CT-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>CHRISTOPHER</firstName>
        <lastName>SHAYS</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CT</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000533</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>JOHN</firstName>
        <lastName>DUNCAN</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>TN</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-20</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B000574</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Blumenauer, Earl [D-OR-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>EARL</firstName>
        <lastName>BLUMENAUER</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OR</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-20</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>G000551</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Grijalva, Raúl M. [D-AZ-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>Raúl</firstName>
        <lastName>Grijalva</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AZ</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-21</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001037</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Capuano, Michael E. [D-MA-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>MICHAEL</firstName>
        <lastName>CAPUANO</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MA</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>8</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-22</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M000934</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Moran, Jerry [R-KS-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jerry</firstName>
        <lastName>Moran</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>KS</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-22</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000422</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Pomeroy, Earl [D-ND-At Large]</fullName>
        <firstName>EARL</firstName>
        <lastName>POMEROY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>ND</state>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-23</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>N000002</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>JERROLD</firstName>
        <lastName>NADLER</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <district>8</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-03-26</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000575</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mike</firstName>
        <lastName>Rogers</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AL</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000011</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Rahall, Nick J., II [D-WV-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>NICK</firstName>
        <lastName>RAHALL</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WV</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001147</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. McCotter, Thaddeus G. [R-MI-11]</fullName>
        <firstName>Thaddeus</firstName>
        <lastName>McCotter</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <middleName>G.</middleName>
        <district>11</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-18</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B000420</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Berry, Marion [D-AR-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>MARION</firstName>
        <lastName>BERRY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AR</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-18</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000096</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>DANNY</firstName>
        <lastName>DAVIS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>K.</middleName>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000799</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Walz, Timothy J. [D-MN-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>Timothy</firstName>
        <lastName>Walz</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M000485</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. McIntyre, Mike [D-NC-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>MIKE</firstName>
        <lastName>MCINTYRE</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NC</state>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-04-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000589</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Porter, Jon C. [R-NV-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jon</firstName>
        <lastName>Porter</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NV</state>
        <middleName>C.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-05-22</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000336</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kucinich, Dennis J. [D-OH-10]</fullName>
        <firstName>DENNIS</firstName>
        <lastName>KUCINICH</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OH</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>10</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-05-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>F000449</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Fortenberry, Jeff [R-NE-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jeff</firstName>
        <lastName>Fortenberry</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NE</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-06-12</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001042</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Hirono, Mazie K. [D-HI-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>Mazie</firstName>
        <lastName>Hirono</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>HI</state>
        <middleName>K.</middleName>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-06-14</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001157</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13]</fullName>
        <firstName>David</firstName>
        <lastName>Scott</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>GA</state>
        <district>13</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-06-26</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000092</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Ehlers, Vernon J. [R-MI-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>VERNON</firstName>
        <lastName>EHLERS</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-10</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>T000057</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Tauscher, Ellen O. [D-CA-10]</fullName>
        <firstName>ELLEN</firstName>
        <lastName>TAUSCHER</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>O.</middleName>
        <district>10</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-11</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000510</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9]</fullName>
        <firstName>ADAM</firstName>
        <lastName>SMITH</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WA</state>
        <district>9</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-11</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001143</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. McCollum, Betty [D-MN-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>BETTY</firstName>
        <lastName>MCCOLLUM</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-16</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>A000014</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Abercrombie, Neil [D-HI-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>NEIL</firstName>
        <lastName>ABERCROMBIE</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>HI</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M000087</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Maloney, Carolyn B. [D-NY-14]</fullName>
        <firstName>CAROLYN</firstName>
        <lastName>MALONEY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <middleName>B.</middleName>
        <district>14</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-27</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001236</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Boozman</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AR</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-27</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000364</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Shimkus, John [R-IL-19]</fullName>
        <firstName>JOHN</firstName>
        <lastName>SHIMKUS</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <district>19</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-07-30</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001168</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Sarbanes, John P. [D-MD-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Sarbanes</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <middleName>P.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-06</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000071</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Camp, Dave [R-MI-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>DAVE</firstName>
        <lastName>CAMP</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-07</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000962</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Cubin, Barbara [R-WY-At Large]</fullName>
        <firstName>BARBARA</firstName>
        <lastName>CUBIN</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>WY</state>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-14</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000749</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Spratt, John M., Jr. [D-SC-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>JOHN</firstName>
        <lastName>SPRATT</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>SC</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-14</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>R000573</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Ross, Mike [D-AR-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>MIKE</firstName>
        <lastName>ROSS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AR</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>O000006</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Oberstar, James L. [D-MN-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>JAMES</firstName>
        <lastName>OBERSTAR</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <middleName>L.</middleName>
        <district>8</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-09-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>Y000033</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large]</fullName>
        <firstName>DON</firstName>
        <lastName>YOUNG</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>AK</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>0</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-10-01</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001059</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Costa, Jim [D-CA-20]</fullName>
        <firstName>Jim</firstName>
        <lastName>Costa</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>20</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-10-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000984</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>ELIJAH</firstName>
        <lastName>CUMMINGS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MD</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2007-10-29</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000323</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Pickering, Charles W. "Chip" [R-MS-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>CHARLES</firstName>
        <lastName>PICKERING</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MS</state>
        <middleName>W.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001164</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Mahoney, Tim [D-FL-16]</fullName>
        <firstName>Tim</firstName>
        <lastName>Mahoney</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>FL</state>
        <district>16</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001060</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Carnahan, Russ [D-MO-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>Russ</firstName>
        <lastName>Carnahan</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000598</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Davis, Susan A. [D-CA-53]</fullName>
        <firstName>SUSAN</firstName>
        <lastName>DAVIS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <district>53</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001259</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Braley, Bruce L. [D-IA-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>Bruce</firstName>
        <lastName>Braley</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IA</state>
        <middleName>L.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001069</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Courtney, Joe [D-CT-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>Joe</firstName>
        <lastName>Courtney</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CT</state>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000593</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Perlmutter, Ed [D-CO-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>Ed</firstName>
        <lastName>Perlmutter</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CO</state>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000365</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kagen, Steve [D-WI-8]</fullName>
        <firstName>Steve</firstName>
        <lastName>Kagen</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WI</state>
        <district>8</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001160</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>Gwen</firstName>
        <lastName>Moore</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WI</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000287</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Emanuel, Rahm [D-IL-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Rahm</firstName>
        <lastName>Emanuel</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>Y000062</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Yarmuth, John A. [D-KY-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Yarmuth</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>KY</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000672</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Snyder, Vic [D-AR-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>VICTOR</firstName>
        <lastName>SNYDER</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AR</state>
        <middleName>F.</middleName>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000288</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Keith</firstName>
        <lastName>Ellison</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000557</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Larson, John B. [D-CT-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>JOHN</firstName>
        <lastName>LARSON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CT</state>
        <middleName>B.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000429</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Doolittle, John T. [R-CA-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>JOHN</firstName>
        <lastName>DOOLITTLE</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>T.</middleName>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-06</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000188</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kind, Ron [D-WI-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>RON</firstName>
        <lastName>KIND</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>WI</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-06</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000099</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Pastor, Ed [D-AZ-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>ED</firstName>
        <lastName>PASTOR</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AZ</state>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-10</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>U000031</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Upton, Fred [R-MI-6]</fullName>
        <firstName>FRED</firstName>
        <lastName>UPTON</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>MI</state>
        <district>6</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-11</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>D000191</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>PETER</firstName>
        <lastName>DEFAZIO</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OR</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-31</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000364</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kuhl, John R. "Randy", Jr. [R-NY-29]</fullName>
        <firstName>John</firstName>
        <lastName>Kuhl</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <middleName>R. "Randy"</middleName>
        <district>29</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-03-31</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>J000283</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. [D-IL-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>JESSE</firstName>
        <lastName>JACKSON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <middleName>L.</middleName>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-04-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>A000357</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Allen, Thomas H. [D-ME-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>THOMAS</firstName>
        <lastName>ALLEN</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>ME</state>
        <middleName>H.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-04-15</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001034</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Honda, Michael M. [D-CA-15]</fullName>
        <firstName>MICHAEL</firstName>
        <lastName>HONDA</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <middleName>M.</middleName>
        <district>15</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-04-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H000636</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Hinojosa, Ruben [D-TX-15]</fullName>
        <firstName>RUBEN</firstName>
        <lastName>HINOJOSA</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>TX</state>
        <district>15</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-04-22</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>W000793</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Wu, David [D-OR-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>DAVID</firstName>
        <lastName>WU</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OR</state>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-05-13</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000258</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7]</fullName>
        <firstName>COLLIN</firstName>
        <lastName>PETERSON</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MN</state>
        <middleName>C.</middleName>
        <district>7</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-04</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S000030</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47]</fullName>
        <firstName>LORETTA</firstName>
        <lastName>SANCHEZ</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>47</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-17</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C001061</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>Emanuel</firstName>
        <lastName>Cleaver</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>MO</state>
        <district>5</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-19</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>K000113</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Kennedy, Patrick J. [D-RI-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>PATRICK</firstName>
        <lastName>KENNEDY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>RI</state>
        <middleName>J.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>H001040</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Hare, Phil [D-IL-17]</fullName>
        <firstName>Phil</firstName>
        <lastName>Hare</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>IL</state>
        <district>17</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>T000459</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Terry, Lee [R-NE-2]</fullName>
        <firstName>LEE</firstName>
        <lastName>TERRY</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>NE</state>
        <district>2</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-24</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>S001174</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Sutton, Betty [D-OH-13]</fullName>
        <firstName>Betty</firstName>
        <lastName>Sutton</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>OH</state>
        <district>13</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-25</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>E000187</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. English, Phil [R-PA-3]</fullName>
        <firstName>PHIL</firstName>
        <lastName>ENGLISH</lastName>
        <party>R</party>
        <state>PA</state>
        <district>3</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-06-26</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>L000551</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-9]</fullName>
        <firstName>BARBARA</firstName>
        <lastName>LEE</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>CA</state>
        <district>9</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-07-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>B001227</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Brady, Robert A. [D-PA-1]</fullName>
        <firstName>ROBERT</firstName>
        <lastName>BRADY</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>PA</state>
        <middleName>A.</middleName>
        <district>1</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-07-16</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>M001137</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-6]</fullName>
        <firstName>GREGORY</firstName>
        <lastName>MEEKS</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NY</state>
        <middleName>W.</middleName>
        <district>6</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-07-29</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>P000523</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Price, David E. [D-NC-4]</fullName>
        <firstName>DAVID</firstName>
        <lastName>PRICE</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>NC</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>4</district>
        <sponsorshipDate>2008-09-08</sponsorshipDate>
        <isOriginalCosponsor>False</isOriginalCosponsor>
      </item>
    </cosponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Education</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Academic performance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Conferences</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Curricula</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Distance education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Economics and Public Finance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Educational accountability</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Educational innovations</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Educational research</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Educational technology</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Educational tests</name>
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        <item>
          <name>Elementary and secondary education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Elementary education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Federal aid to education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Geographic information systems</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Geography and mapping</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Government Operations and Politics</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Higher education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International Affairs</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>International education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Secondary education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Teacher education</name>
        </item>
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      <policyArea>
        <name>Education</name>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2007-02-28</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in House</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2007-03-16T15:24:19Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p>Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to establish a geography education grant program under title II, Teacher Quality Enhancement.</p> <p>Authorizes the Secretary of Education to award a grant to a national nonprofit educational organization or consortium, with 75% to be used for subgrants to institutions of higher education associated with state geographic alliances, nonprofit educational organizations, or state or local educational agencies. </p> <p>Requires various grantee and subgrantee activities designed to expand geographic literacy among kindergarten through grade 12 students by improving their teachers' professional development programs offered through institutions of higher education. Includes among such activities state-based conferences to assess geographic literacy and identify improvement strategies.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>To improve and expand geographic literacy among kindergarten through grade 12 students in the United States by improving professional development programs for kindergarten through grade 12 teachers offered through institutions of higher education.</title>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in House</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IH</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act</title>
      </item>
    </titles>
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      <item>
        <type>Introduced in House</type>
        <date>2007-02-28T05:00:00Z</date>
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      </item>
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    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2007-02-28</actionDate>
      <text>Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.</text>
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    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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