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    <number>4146</number>
    <updateDate>2023-01-15T04:48:37Z</updateDate>
    <updateDateIncludingText>2023-01-15T04:48:37Z</updateDateIncludingText>
    <originChamber>House</originChamber>
    <originChamberCode>H</originChamberCode>
    <type>HR</type>
    <introducedDate>2004-04-02</introducedDate>
    <congress>108</congress>
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        <systemCode>hssy00</systemCode>
        <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
        <chamber>House</chamber>
        <type>Standing</type>
        <subcommittees>
          <item>
            <systemCode>hssy19</systemCode>
            <name>Technology Subcommittee</name>
            <activities>
              <item>
                <name>Referred to</name>
                <date>2004-04-14T15:40:27Z</date>
              </item>
            </activities>
          </item>
        </subcommittees>
        <activities>
          <item>
            <name>Referred to</name>
            <date>2004-04-02T14:03:05Z</date>
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        <actionDate>2004-04-14</actionDate>
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            <systemCode>hssy19</systemCode>
            <name>Technology Subcommittee</name>
          </item>
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        </sourceSystem>
        <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards.</text>
        <type>Committee</type>
      </item>
      <item>
        <actionDate>2004-04-02</actionDate>
        <text>Referred to the House Committee on Science.</text>
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            <name>Science, Space, and Technology Committee</name>
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        <text>Introduced in House</text>
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        <actionDate>2004-04-02</actionDate>
        <text>Introduced in House</text>
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    <sponsors>
      <item>
        <bioguideId>C000868</bioguideId>
        <fullName>Rep. Cramer, Robert E. (Bud), Jr. [D-AL-5]</fullName>
        <firstName>ROBERT</firstName>
        <lastName>CRAMER</lastName>
        <party>D</party>
        <state>AL</state>
        <middleName>E.</middleName>
        <district>5</district>
        <isByRequest>N</isByRequest>
      </item>
    </sponsors>
    <policyArea>
      <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
    </policyArea>
    <subjects>
      <legislativeSubjects>
        <item>
          <name>Economics and Public Finance</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Emergency Management</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Federal aid to education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Federal aid to research</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Higher education</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Meteorological research</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Meteorology</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Public Lands and Natural Resources</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Research grants</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Tornadoes</name>
        </item>
        <item>
          <name>Weather forecasting</name>
        </item>
      </legislativeSubjects>
      <policyArea>
        <name>Science, Technology, Communications</name>
      </policyArea>
    </subjects>
    <summaries>
      <summary>
        <versionCode>00</versionCode>
        <actionDate>2004-04-02</actionDate>
        <actionDesc>Introduced in House</actionDesc>
        <updateDate>2004-05-28T16:03:31Z</updateDate>
        <text><![CDATA[ <p>Tornado Research Act of 2004 - Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish a tornado research program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to be carried out in coordination with the National Weather Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and any other appropriate Federal agencies.</p> <p>Requires that the program: (1) include research aimed at understanding and predicting the natural processes that lead to the formation of tornadoes; (2) identify an array of factors that indicate tornado formation; (3) promote the incorporation of the results of such research into the methods used by meteorologists to predict the time and location of tornado formation; (4) provide resources and promote attention to tornado research areas with the greatest potential for improving the understanding of their formation; (5) maximize the effectiveness of the program by encouraging collaborative efforts by operational and research communities in academia and the Government; and (6) provide for the awarding of competitive research grants to, and the entering into of cooperative agreements with, institutions of higher education and other research institutions to conduct peer-reviewed research that may improve the forecast and identification of tornadoes.</p>]]></text>
      </summary>
    </summaries>
    <title>Tornado Research Act of 2004</title>
    <titles>
      <item>
        <titleType>Display Title</titleType>
        <title>Tornado Research Act of 2004</title>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Official Title as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>To establish a comprehensive research program aimed at understanding and predicting the natural processes that lead to the formation of tornadoes.</title>
        <billTextVersionName>Introduced in House</billTextVersionName>
        <billTextVersionCode>IH</billTextVersionCode>
      </item>
      <item>
        <titleType>Short Titles as Introduced</titleType>
        <title>Tornado Research Act of 2004</title>
      </item>
    </titles>
    <textVersions>
      <item>
        <type>Introduced in House</type>
        <date>2004-04-02T05:00:00Z</date>
        <formats/>
      </item>
    </textVersions>
    <latestAction>
      <actionDate>2004-04-14</actionDate>
      <text>Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards.</text>
    </latestAction>
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    <dc:language>EN</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress</dc:contributor>
    <dc:description>This file contains bill summaries and statuses for federal legislation. A bill summary describes the most significant provisions of a piece of legislation and details the effects the legislative text may have on current law and federal programs. Bill summaries are authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress. As stated in Public Law 91-510 (2 USC 166 (d)(6)), one of the duties of CRS is "to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives". For more information, refer to the User Guide that accompanies this file.</dc:description>
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