<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="billres.xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE bill PUBLIC "-//US Congress//DTDs/bill.dtd//EN" "bill.dtd">
<bill bill-stage="Engrossed-in-Senate" dms-id="A1" public-private="public" slc-id="S1-HEN25455-9CP-W5-223" star-print="no-star-print" bill-type="olc" stage-count="1" public-print="no"><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<dublinCore>
<dc:title>119 S1136 ES: Deterring External Threats and Ensuring Robust Responses to Egregious and Nefarious Criminal Endeavors Act</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>U.S. Senate</dc:publisher>
<dc:date></dc:date>
<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
<dc:language>EN</dc:language>
<dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
</dublinCore>
</metadata>
<form display="yes">
<congress display="yes">119th CONGRESS</congress><session display="yes">1st Session</session><legis-num display="yes">S. 1136</legis-num><current-chamber display="no">IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES</current-chamber><legis-type display="yes">AN ACT</legis-type><official-title display="yes">To authorize sentencing enhancements for certain criminal offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments.</official-title></form><legis-body display-enacting-clause="yes-display-enacting-clause" style="OLC"><section section-type="section-one" id="S1" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>1.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Short title</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This Act may be cited as the <quote><short-title>Deterring External Threats and Ensuring Robust Responses to Egregious and Nefarious Criminal Endeavors Act</short-title></quote> or the <quote><short-title>DETERRENCE Act</short-title></quote>.</text></section><section id="id5b24a746c4a54768888c3f7ff30f7ca3" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>2.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Kidnapping</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph id="idc4a7369d9d8d4b348e79cec5cc0ad407" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id12c007692bbd42c68f7307749189cd17" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by inserting after subsection (g) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idca2fd131752b4e959050298cd023e647"><subsection id="id675528fd7304462983cc6a4f946a7b94" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments</header><paragraph id="id9fe87d0fa29942a2aed10fdef5b917b5" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id4980614C4BEE42099414763D35F1DE10" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Conspiracy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of conspiring to commit a violation of subsection (a) as part of a conspiracy under the elements specified in subsection (c) may be increased by up to 10 years if—</text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id433cf27af5e146febbd9d2316ddeadfd"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6e5ec6cfda1b4627ace3523815a186a0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the person convicted of conspiring to commit a violation of subsection (a) knew that 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id261edabdb0ca442db750c1987dea7b4d" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Attempt</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an attempt to violate subsection (a) may be increased by up to 5 years if such attempt was knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block display="yes">; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf89b0fa4d7a94f21a5907b418700d6b6"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (i), as so designated, by inserting <quote><header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Definition</header-in-text>.—</quote> before <quote>As used in this section</quote>.</text></paragraph></section><section id="idbf0e4a1134724e229dc0c19574c60af3" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>3.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire</header><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7dc7084ae1214f569351c682eac9755f"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 1958 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1288588365774e06842b8aab5adfd696"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idacdadd85ac9d4f4cbdd61e51c95fa8ff"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by inserting after subsection (a) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7f3c33c7e35541e487355b438293e94a"><subsection id="idf9de7fc32cb141f09d0a01e05e0e1952" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a)—</text><paragraph id="id2394c0c456bf4c67aa7a07b64bd7cbf2" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 5 years, if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="ida53d9167ee4c4dbaae13a692c132a4d1" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 10 years—</text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1566461a8c964837b3c1ccd8ce80fc53"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id138012254de84206a7f179f68768c290"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">personal injury results.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block display="yes">; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7bb3a224e48045daaf1fcb4830c96396"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (c), as so redesignated, by inserting <quote><header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Definitions</header-in-text>.—</quote> before <quote>As used in this section</quote>.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3175323348ce4879816d4a93469fd55e"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Technical and conforming amendments</header><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id49c4668afb164c93a1a53489e49f2104"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 2332b(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>section 1958(b)(2)</quote> and inserting <quote>section 1958</quote>.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf16dc1e776874468b43e287365e0042f"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 1010A(d) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/960a">21 U.S.C. 960a(d)</external-xref>) is amended by striking <quote>section 1958(b)(1)</quote> and inserting <quote>section 1958</quote>. </text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="idfa411b4834654f5b813f9a15c031a1d0" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>4.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a federal official by threatening or injuring a family member</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 115(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbd7357f730d24dbfbb1a1b63b193aa61"><paragraph id="idcb56f8d40d1746afa0f2a1d44b89d885" indent="up1" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a), if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government—</text><subparagraph id="idf677136bc8494fbe88c4d55358c650cc" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 5 years if the offense committed was an assault involving physical contact with the victim of that assault or the intent to commit another felony;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id019d9d34a566494bb8d1466f01c1bbe1" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 10 years if— </text><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id49747d7f05c7423dbc4ab832f5bbb643"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the offense committed was an assault resulting in bodily injury (including serious bodily injury (as that term is defined in section 1365 of this title)); </text></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idac9bd2e64201435a864f4f41696297b5"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the offense involved any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title; or </text></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id95d5e71dd28a438f94e7a5c1efabb493"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a dangerous weapon was used during and in relation to the offense; and</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id3c507a3ca01744ca9924521795995707" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 10 years if the offense committed was a murder, attempted murder, or conspiracy to murder.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block display="yes">.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="ide58b4226034e4ec68ebd2b8035cbb4fb" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>5.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Stalking</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 2261A of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf69e9e999c4342b89e6ae148a997ce4f"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>Whoever—</quote> and inserting <quote>(a) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">In general</header-in-text>.—Except as provided in subsection (b), whoever—</quote>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7a6ed760e8a04f74bc466b68535b8479"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbf5fce08e88941e9a84eccd60ccad816"><subsection id="idc67ccaf5db814232b13ab1744dbe6bbb" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Enhanced penalties for offenses involving foreign governments</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government—</text><paragraph id="idd42e4bb8ad25434a9f2de56652b8c08d" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 5 years if— </text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9a6e33b20d584c2e9feac1ddbd78b3f3"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">serious bodily injury (including permanent disfigurement or life threatening bodily injury) to the victim results; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd3900d9be6d341d9924d91b7f96ea10f"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the offender uses a dangerous weapon during the offense; or </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc0d5caeb323d4172adcb71648cbbbfaa"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the victim of the offense is under the age of 18 years;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id662ace531bee4eddae4629c1a62193ca" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 10 years if death of the victim results; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idaf1636afd65147bb8918a56215286ad7" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be increased by up to 30 months in any other case.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block display="yes">.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></section><section id="idd36a115fe1fa4fb392a4e24b6e408415" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>6.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Protection of officers and employees of the United States</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1114 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id858078d0a457495595e48daa669f759e"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6d267120dc5c46fa81a0a32d0862b077"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by inserting after subsection (a) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC468C6DAD3E94487A193E516F7F11EDF"><subsection id="idC3998B94422A4F68A2FE4A2DC35BB170" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block display="yes">.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></section><section id="id8a0df940b14d4f449b472898b519c38b" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>7.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Presidential and Presidential staff assassination, kidnapping, and assault</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1751 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id54a5b0d9d4be461197a97e79f0f98341"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by redesignating subsections (f) through (k) as subsections (g) through (i), respectively; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id155c599605584936814d75952d2d1802"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by inserting after subsection (e) the following: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id672FDE3FB25E4460AACE0F563F1C09EA"><subsection id="idabec98f4d683467190d07f4ff083c6da" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(f)</enum><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id7e328150b6e3401dbf41d2c74c1cf5a7"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a), (b), or (c) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id49809BD249BF449CBC8B49AA715AD8E8" indent="up1" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of conspiring to kill or kidnap any individual designated in subsection (a) as part of a conspiracy under the elements specified in subsection (d) may be increased by up to 10 years if—</text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDFD498559A0C44F28AC743E7F3C764E5"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7ACE179A22D04EF7BBDB73B6075E9810"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the person convicted of conspiring to kill or kidnap an individual designated in subsection (a) knew that 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" indent="up1" id="ida8f723db8a0849019503421fbaee99e7"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if— </text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbdbd4fee215f4fd391e198e8e875fecd"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the victim was any person designated in subsection (a)(1); and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaeb6860afd0a457bad3e2eaf3e1cc497"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" indent="up1" id="id89202ae6bc2a47868c01ecc7fdde0fa0"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if— </text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id849f6a73986e444da833176f01aec77f"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the victim was any person designated in subsection (a)(2); and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id259a159c480a45db870e854a9acd4846"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" indent="up1" id="idc22ea793f8b24566a0d6c81812579d9a"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if— </text><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide9de88f6aeec4f589a541ebce7934741"><enum>(A)</enum><clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idd1ee6977a6524c8e8677ed15856a2d52"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the offense involved the use of a dangerous weapon; or </text></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" indent="up1" id="ide83866c72c8b467987e7f6ab07585aff"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">personal injury resulted; and </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb6060bf132234df084836964685d70c1"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block display="yes">.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></section></legis-body><attestation><attestation-group><attestation-date date="20250610" chamber="Senate">Passed the Senate June 10, 2025.</attestation-date><attestor display="no"></attestor><role>Secretary</role></attestation-group></attestation><endorsement display="yes"></endorsement></bill> 

