Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Stopping Cross-border Attacks and Manipulation Act

or the

SCAM Act

Findings

Congress finds the following: (1)According to estimates from the United States Institute of Peace, China-linked transnational organized crime (TOC) groups operating fraud farms in Southeast Asia are stealing nearly $43,800,000,000 annually through digital scams. (2)These scams increasingly affect Americans, disproportionately targeting populations such as the elderly and socially isolated. (3)According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), in 2024 alone— (A)246,783 scam text messages were reported, resulting in $469,000,000 in losses to Americans; (B)371,664 scam emails were reported, leading to $502,000,000 in losses to Americans; and (C)284,651 scam phone calls were reported, causing $948,000,000 in losses to Americans. (4)Transnational organized crime (TOC) groups maintain documented ties to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Chinese officials and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have provided direct support for the construction and operation of TOC-linked facilities, raising serious concerns about a coordinated campaign of foreign interference and sabotage. (5)The CCP’s involvement in TOC networks presents an urgent national security threat. These networks funnel financial assets and sensitive personal information of U.S. citizens to a hostile foreign power, undermining both American economic security and individual privacy. (6)These criminal networks have deeply embedded themselves into Southeast Asian economies, exerting destabilizing influence across the region. (7)Proceeds from these scams are used to fund warlords and fuel ongoing civil conflicts, compounding regional instability. (8)TOC networks have trafficked an estimated 300,000 individuals into cyber scam operations across Southeast Asia. Victims, including United States citizens, are forced to work under conditions that the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission compares to modern slavery. The United Nations has warned that human trafficking tied to these scam centers has reached the level of a humanitarian and human rights crisis. (9)The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission has acknowledged credible reports linking scam compounds in the Philippines to Chinese espionage activity. These facilities are being constructed near air bases strategically important to U.S. operations, including Clark Air Base and Basa Air Base, which is part of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. The Philippine intelligence community has provided compelling evidence that these compounds have been used for surveillance and cyber intrusions. (10)The Chinese government has used the presence of Chinese TOC networks in Southeast Asia to pressure regional governments to allow a greater role for Chinese security forces. This effort threatens national sovereignty and regional stability. (11)TOC networks endanger American defense priorities as well as democracy, good governance, and stability around the world by co-opting local elites, undermining law enforcement, weakening state authority, and threatening the United States' strategic interest in building a free and open Indo-Pacific. (12)An effective response by the United States Government will require a coordinated, whole-of-government effort that draws on the competencies of Federal agencies in information collection, financial enforcement, diplomatic engagement, defense and intelligence preparedness, and law enforcement.

Joint task force to investigate transnational cybercrimes

(a)

Establishment

(1)

In general

The Secretary of Defense, acting through the head of U.S. Cyber Command and in coordination with the heads of other appropriate agencies, shall establish a joint task force to coordinate efforts to investigate, disrupt, and protect citizens of the United States from transnational cybercrimes and foreign-operated scam networks, including fraudulent text and direct messing centers and other digital fraud schemes targeting citizens of the United States. (2)

Membership

The task force shall, at a minimum, be composed of— (A)an official of the Department of State, including— (i)the Assistant Secretary for Emerging Threats; (ii)the Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement; and (iii)the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor; (B)officials of the Department of Defense, including U.S. Cyber Command and the National Mission Force; (C)an official of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; (D)an official of the Federal Trade Commission; (E)an official of the Federal Communications Commission; (F)officials of the Office of Foreign Assets Control and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury; (G)officials of the Department of Justice, including officials from— (i)the Criminal Division, including the International Unit of the Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section; (ii)the Office of International Affairs; (iii)the National Security Division; and (iv)the Office of the Cyber Ambassador; (H) an official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Internet Crime Complaint Center; (I)representatives of State and local governments that— (i)are leading efforts to counter cybercrimes; or (ii)are disproportionately affected by cybercrimes; and (J)representatives of relevant expert non-profit organizations. (3)

Leadership

The members of the task force, in consultation with the leadership of the Department of Defense, may assign responsibility to an appropriate office within the Department of Defense to serve as the lead for the task force to coordinate the preparation and submission of the report required by subsection (c) and hold offices and agencies responsible for implementation. (b)

Priority

In carrying out its duties under subsection (a) and in preparing the report under subsection (c), the task force shall prioritize work related to scam operations with ties to the Chinese Communist Party in the Indo-Pacific region. (c)

Report

Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the task force established under subsection (a) shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and of the Senate a report— (1)identifying emerging trends related to the scam operations described in subsection (a) that are tied to international criminal organizations, including efforts to— (A)scam and steal data from United States persons; (B)cultivate relationships with adversarial governments and foreign intelligence services; (C)acquire land in proximity to United States military installations and United States treaty allies’ and partners’ military installations; (D)leverage, collaborate with, or place foreign nationals of concern in sensitive positions within Indo-Pacific regional governments; (E)undermine United States diplomatic engagement, peacekeeping operations, and security cooperation efforts throughout the world, with a priority on the Indo-Pacific region; (F)acquire territory or influence around critical waterways; and (G) construct militarily-capable infrastructure such as airports; (2)recommending policy options for the Federal Government, Congress, and nongovernmental industry leaders to prevent and penalize the scam operations described in subsection (a) that are tied to international criminal organizations, which may include the use of sanctions, civil asset forfeiture, and action in cyberspace in defense of the United States, its persons, assets, and interests against the scam networks described in subsection (a), including— (A)protecting Americans’ personal data and financial assets; (B)safeguarding the sovereignty of United States allies and partners; and (C)securing United States military installations and United States treaty allies’ and partners’ military installations located near known or suspected scam compounds; (3)proposing a framework for a whole-of-society approach to support disproportionately affected demographic groups, communications platforms, States, and localities impacted by the scam networks described in subsection (a), including methods for timely dissemination of scam-related information and protective guidance through publicly accessible Federal facilities (including United States Postal Service locations, Social Security Administration field offices, military installations, and Department of Veterans Affairs facilities) and comparable State and local venues; (4)including an assessment and updates of the overall scale of scam centers in Southeast Asia and recent trendlines; (5)information about how the Chinese Government is exploiting the problem of scam centers to expand its security presence and influence in the region; and (6)information about government bodies, individual government officials, militias, and corporations in Southeast Asia that have ties to transnational criminal organizations or profit from scam centers. (d)

Implementation

The task force shall assist in the implementation of any recommendations or proposals contained in the report submitted under subsection (c). (e)

Sunset

The authority under this section shall sunset on the date that is 5 years after the date on which the task force submits the report under subsection (c).