Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Forage Fish Conservation Act of 2025

Findings

Section 2(a) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(14)Forage fish are generally small to intermediate-sized species, occurring in schools or dense aggregations, and function as a main pathway for energy to flow from phyto- and zooplankton to higher trophic level predators, including tuna, Alaska pollock, and other wildlife, in marine ecosystems. While most species function as prey of others at some life stage, especially when small and young, forage fish maintain this important trophic role throughout their life. Further, fluctuations in their populations can result in significant changes in marine communities and ecosystems. Therefore, particular attention to management of forage fish species, and addressing their unique role in marine ecosystems, is critical to maintaining ecosystem function and sustainable fisheries.

Definitions

(a)

Secretary To define forage fish

Section 305 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1855) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(l)

Forage fish

Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of the Forage Fish Conservation Act of 2025, the Secretary, with advice from the Councils, shall issue a definition of the term forage fish for the purposes of this Act, giving due consideration to definitions of forage fish included in approved fishery management plans. In defining such term, the Secretary shall consider factors including whether a species covered by such definition, throughout the lifecycle of such species— (1) is at a low trophic level; (2) is generally small- to intermediate-sized; (3) occurs in schools or other dense aggregations; (4) contributes significantly to the diets of other fish, marine mammals, or birds; and (5) serves as a conduit for energy transfer to species at a higher trophic level.

(b)

Definitions

Section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802) is amended— (1)by redesignating the second paragraph (33) as paragraph (53); (2)by redesignating paragraphs (28) through (50) as paragraphs (30) through (52), respectively; (3)by redesignating paragraphs (19) through (27) as paragraphs (20) through (28), respectively; (4)by inserting after paragraph (18) the following:

(19)The term forage fish— (A)has the meaning given the term by the Secretary under section 305(l); and (B)with respect to a species in a fishery managed pursuant to a fishery management plan or plan amendment that is approved by the Secretary, in coordination with the Councils, under section 304(a), means any species identified in such plan as a forage fish.

; and

(5)by inserting after paragraph (28), as so redesignated by paragraph (3) of this section, the following:

(29)The term low trophic level means a position in the marine food web in which the fish generally consume plankton.

Scientific advice

Section 302(g)(1)(B) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1852(g)(1)(B)) is amended to read as follows:

(B)Each scientific and statistical committee shall provide its Council ongoing scientific advice for fishery management decisions, including recommendations for— (i)acceptable biological catch; (ii)preventing overfishing; (iii)maximum sustainable yield; (iv)achieving rebuilding targets; (v)maintaining a sufficient abundance, diversity, and localized distribution of forage fish populations to support their role in marine ecosystems; and (vi)reports on stock status and health, bycatch, habitat status, social and economic impacts of management measures, and sustainability of fishing practices.

Council functions

(a)

Research priorities

Section 302(h)(7) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1852(h)(7)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting forage fish populations and distribution, after habitats,. (b)

Unmanaged forage fish

Section 302(h) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1852(h)) is amended— (1)in paragraph (8), by striking and at the end; (2)by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (10); and (3)by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:

(9)develop a list of unmanaged forage fish occurring in the area under its authority and recommend within fishery management plans the prohibition of the development of any new directed forage fish fishery until the Council has— (A)considered the best scientific information available and evaluated the potential impacts of forage fish harvest on existing fisheries, fishing communities, and the marine ecosystem; (B)determined whether conservation and management of the forage fish fishery is needed; (C)if a determination is made that conservation and management is needed, prepared and submitted to the Secretary a fishery management plan or amendment consistent with section 303; and (D)received final, approved regulations from the Secretary pursuant to section 304(b)(3); and

(c)

Effective date

The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Contents of fishery management plans

(a)

Forage fish management

Section 303(a) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1853(a)) is amended— (1)in paragraph (14), by striking and; and inserting a semicolon; (2)in paragraph (15), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and (3)by adding at the end the following:

(16)when setting annual catch limits for forage fish fisheries, assess and specify such limits by the diet needs of fish species and other marine wildlife, such as marine mammals and birds, for which forage fish is a significant part of their diet.

(b)

Effective date

The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Action by Secretary of Commerce

Section 304 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1854) is amended— (1)by redesignating the second subsection (i) as subsection (j); and (2)by adding at the end the following:

(k)

Forage fish management guidelines

(1)

In general

Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of Forage Fish Conservation Act of 2025, the Secretary, in coordination with the Councils, shall establish by regulation guidelines to assist the Councils in implementing sections 3(19), 302(h)(9), and 303(a)(16). (2)

Workshops

In developing the guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall conduct workshops with Councils and other scientific, fisheries, and conservation interests.

River herring and shad

(a)

Definitions

In this section: (1)

River herring

The term river herring means blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). (2)

Shad

The term shad means American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and hickory shad (Alosa mediocris). (b)

Amendments of plans

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall— (1)amend the fishery management plans for the Atlantic Herring and Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish fisheries for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Regions to add shad and river herring as managed stocks in such plans consistent with section 302(h)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1852(h)(1)); (2)initiate additional fishery management plan amendments to be completed in not more than 1 year from the date of the addition of the species identified in paragraph (1) in order to develop and implement all required conservation and management measures for such stocks consistent with the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and all other applicable law; and (3)notwithstanding any other law, rule, or fishery management plan provision, including conservation and management measures under section 303(a)(11) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1853(a)(11)), reallocate existing resources to provide, for not less than 50 percent of all relevant fishing trips, not fewer than 1 at-sea observer or an on-board electronic or video means of producing equivalent at-sea monitoring information, for any vessel using mid-water trawl or paired mid-water trawl fishing gear in the Atlantic herring and Atlantic mackerel fisheries.

Rule of construction

Nothing in this Act may be construed as— (1)extending or diminishing the jurisdiction or authority of any State within its boundaries; or (2)affecting— (A)section 306 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1856); or (B)the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act (16 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.).