Improving integrity and management of mass comments and computer-generated comments in the regulatory review process

(a)

In general

Section 206 of the E-Government Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–347; 44 U.S.C. 3501 note) is amended by—(1)redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and(2)inserting after subsection (d) the following:

(e)

Information integrity

(1)

Verification of electronic submissions

With respect to each comment accepted by electronic means under subsection (c), under guidance established by OMB in paragraph (4) of this subsection, the head of an agency shall verify, to the greatest extent possible, at the time the comment is submitted, whether the comment has been submitted by a human being.(2)

Identification and management of mass comments

(A)

Identification of mass comments

With respect to each comment accepted by electronic means under subsection (c) by the head of an agency, the head of the agency shall—(i)to the extent practicable, identify whether such comment is a mass comment; and(ii)in the case that the agency has made a reasonable determination that the comment is a mass comment, indicate on any publicly available copy of the comment, or comment variations, (through a label or indicator) in a machine and human readable format that the comment is part of a mass comment submission.(B)

Handling of mass comments

Notwithstanding subsection (d)(2)(A), for comments determined to be mass comments pursuant to paragraph (2), the head of an agency, instead of making available through the electronic docket of the agency each mass comment accepted by electronic means under subsection (c), may—(i)make available through such docket only a single representative sample of each such mass comment; and (ii)in the case where mass comments take the form of variations on certain standardized but not identical language the agency may make available through such docket a single copy of one of the variations of the mass comment.(C)

Number of submissions

In case in which the head of an agency makes available through such docket a single representative sample or a single copy of one of the variations of a mass comment, as authorized under subparagraph (B), the agency shall make available (through a label or indicator) in a machine and human readable format, the number of submissions that were determined to be identical or substantially identical to the single submission made available on such docket. (3)

Policies concerning posting and consideration of computer-generated comments and mass comments

(A)

In general

Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the head of each agency, consistent with the guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (4) and with the requirements of paragraph (2), shall establish a policy with respect to the posting and consideration of computer-generated comments and mass-comments during the rulemaking process of the agency.(B)

Availability of policy

Not later than 60 days after the date on which the head of an agency establishes a policy pursuant to subparagraph (A), the head of the agency shall, to the extent practicable, post the policy on the website through which an agency makes comments available pursuant to subsection (d)(2)(A).(C)

Update to policy

The policy established pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be updated by the head of the agency, in consultation with the Director, as the head of the agency determines appropriate.(4)

OMB guidance

(A)

Guidance

Not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director, in consultation with the Administrator of General Services, shall issue guidance to the heads of each agency on the implementation of the requirements of this subsection.(B)

Contents of Guidance

The guidance issued pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include recommendations for agencies on how to best manage comments accepted by electronic means, including recommendations on how to do the following:(i)Use technology tools and procedures that indicate, to the greatest extent possible, whether a comment is being submitted by a human being.(ii)Identify mass comments, including how to leverage software tools to identify whether a comment is a mass comment.(iii)Indicate (through a label or indicator), in a machine- and human-readable format, that a comment is a mass comment.(iv)Use new technology to offer new opportunities for public participation in the rulemaking process. (C)

Updates

The Director, in consultation with the Administrator of General Services, may update the guidance issued pursuant to subparagraph (A), as determined necessary by the Director.(5)

Exception to time limitation for implementation

The requirement described under subsection (f) shall not apply to this subsection. (6)

Definitions

In this subsection:(A)

Comment

The term comment means a submission under section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code. (B)

Computer-generated comment

The term computer-generated comment means a comment the substance of which is primarily generated by computer software, including through the use of artificial intelligence, rather than by a human being.(C)

Mass comment

The term mass comment means a comment submitted as part of an organized submission of a large volume of identical, or substantively identical, comments submitted by different signatories or entities.

(b)

Information systems

On a timetable established by the Director, but not longer than 18 months, the head of each agency shall update their website and/or information systems to ensure compliance with these requirements. The Administrator of General Services, acting through the eRulemaking Program Management Office, shall update Regulations.gov as necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of section 206(e) of the E-Government Act, as added by subsection (a). The Administrator of General Services shall update the shared eRulemaking system on behalf of participating agencies.(c)

GAO report on computer-Generated comments

(1)

Report

Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report on the identification of computer-generated comments under section 206(e) of the E-Government Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–347; 44 U.S.C. 3501 note), that includes the following:(A)Recommendations on how to identify if a submission under that section is a computer-generated comment.(B)Any effect that computer-generated comments have on the rulemaking process.(C)The extent to which the public uses computer-generated comments to participate in the rulemaking process at the time the report is submitted. (D)How prevalent computer-generated comments are at the time the report is submitted.(E)How prevalent the Comptroller General anticipates computer-generated comments will be 5 years after the date on which the report is submitted.(2)

Definitions

In this subsection: (A)

Computer-generated comments

The term computer-generated comment means a submission under section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code, the substance of which is primarily generated by computer software, including through the use of artificial intelligence, rather than by a human being. (B)

Director

The term Director means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.(d)

Rule of construction

Nothing in this Act, or any amendment made by this Act, shall be construed to minimize an agency’s due consideration of mass comments submitted during the rulemaking process.