School-based mental health and student service providers

(a)

In general

Part A of title IV of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

School-Based Mental Health and Student Service Providers

4131.

Findings

Congress finds the following:(1)The Surgeon General of the Public Health Service has found that 1 in 6 children (ages 2 to 8) has a diagnosable mental disorder and 1 in 10 children and adolescents suffer from mental illness severe enough to cause some level of impairment. However, 75 to 80 percent of children in need of mental health services do not receive needed treatment. The short- and long-term consequences of untreated childhood mental disorders are costly, in both human and fiscal terms.(2)Thirty-seven percent of students with a mental health condition age 14 and older drop out of school—the highest dropout rate of any disability group.(3)Fifty percent of all lifetimes cases of mental illness begin by the age of 14 and 75 percent by age 24.(4)In June 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics called for all pediatricians to screen children and adolescents for mental illness and substance use.(5)Just over half (50.6 percent) of children with a mental health condition aged 8–15 received mental health services in the previous year.(6)African Americans and Hispanic Americans each use mental health services at about one-half the rate of Caucasian Americans and Asian Americans at about one-third the rate.(7)School counselors, school social workers, school psychologists, other qualified psychologists, and child and adolescent psychiatrists are critically needed to help these children and to provide a variety of crucial support services as 70–80 percent of children and adolescents who receive mental health services access these services in school settings.(8)Across the United States, there are insufficient resources for school-based counseling professionals, and often students do not get the help they need. The 2017 national average ratio of students to school counselors in elementary and secondary schools was 482 to 1.(9)United States public schools need more mental health professionals because participation in the use of school-based mental health centers (SBHC) was positively associated with increases in grade point average (GPA) and attendance.(10)According to the leading counseling, guidance, and mental health organizations, including the American School Counselor Association, the National Association of Social Psychologists, the National Association of Social Workers, and the School Social Work Association of America, the maximum recommended ratio of—(A)students to school counselors is 250 to 1;(B)students to school psychologists is 500 to 1; and(C)students to school social workers is 250 to 1.(11)A recent study revealed a national average ratio of 1,653 students per school psychologist, despite the 1:500–700 recommendation from the National Association of Social Psychologists. This deficit is further compounded by studies predicting a 2–4 percent shortage of school psychologists over the next 10 years due to retirement. In some schools, there are no school-based mental health and student service providers available to assist students in times of crisis, or at any other time.(12)Counselor-to-student ratios in 35 States exceed 1:400 despite recommendations from the American School Counselor Association for a 1:250 ratio. Only three States—Vermont, Wyoming & New Hampshire—meet the recommended ratio. This shortage occurs during a time when the National Center on Education Statistics forecasts that the Nation’s number of public school students (Pre-K to 12th) will grow by 7 percent between 2011 and 2022, particularly in States that already spend the least money per student.(13)Model programs using school-based mental health and student service providers have positive effects on emotional, behavioral and academic outcomes, such as reductions in aggressive and disruptive behavior, referrals to the principal’s office, the use of weapons, force, or threats, and increased students’ feelings of safety. Studies also find that mental health programs can have a range of positive outcomes across all grade levels, including gains in achievement test scores, grade point averages, course credit completion, as well as decreases in absences and substance use.

4132.

Purposes

The purposes of this subpart are to assist States and local educational agencies in hiring additional school-based mental health providers, including additional school counselors, school psychologists, other qualified psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, and school social workers to achieve each of the following:(1)To reduce the ratios of school-based mental health and student service providers to students in elementary and secondary schools in the United States to the following minimum ratios recommended by the leading counseling, guidance, and mental health organizations, including the American School Counselor Association, the National Association of Social Psychologists, the National Association of Social Workers, and the School Social Work Association of America:(A)One school counselor for every 250 students.(B)One school psychologist for every 500 to 700 students.(C)One school social worker for every 250 students.(2)To provide evidence-based school mental health and student services through a whole school and interdisciplinary approach.(3)To remove emotional, behavioral, and psychosocial barriers to learning so as to enhance students' classroom preparedness, overall school performance, decrease rates of absenteeism, and ability to problem solve and set goals.(4)To support school staff and teachers in improving classroom management, conducting behavioral interventions to improve school discipline, and developing the awareness and skills to identify the need for mental health services.(5)To support parental involvement in improving the school behavior and academic success of their children.(6)To improve the overall mental, behavioral, social, and psychology assessment and trajectory of each student who seeks mental health services.(7)To ensure each student feels comfortable and has all the resources they need to continue short and/or long-term mental health treatment.

4133.

Definitions

In this subpart, the following definitions apply:(1)

Child

The term child means an individual who is not less than 5 years old and not more than 17 years old.(2)

Child and adolescent psychiatrist

The term child and adolescent psychiatrist has the meaning given such term in section 5421(e).(3)

Child in poverty

The term child in poverty means a child from a family with an income below the poverty line.(4)

Mental health and student service provider

The term mental health and student service provider means a qualified individual who provides mental health and student services, including any individual who is a qualified school counselor, a qualified school psychologist or any other qualified psychologist, a child or adolescent psychiatrist, or a qualified school social worker.(5)

Mental health and student services

The term mental health and student services includes direct, individual, and group services provided to students, parents, and school personnel by mental health and student service providers, and the coordination of prevention strategies in schools or community-based programs.(6)

Other qualified psychologist

The term other qualified psychologist has the meaning given such term in section 5421(e).(7)

Poverty line

The term poverty line means the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2))) applicable to a family of the size involved.(8)

School counselor

The term school counselor means an individual who has documented competence in counseling children and adolescents in a school setting and who—(A)possesses State licensure or certification granted by an independent professional regulatory authority;(B)possesses national certification in school counseling or a specialty of counseling granted by an independent professional organization; or(C)holds a minimum of a master’s degree in school counseling from a program accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs or the equivalent.(9)

School psychologist

The term school psychologist means an individual who—(A)possesses a minimum of 60 graduate semester hours in school psychology from an institution of higher education and has completed 1,200 clock hours in a supervised school psychology internship, of which 600 hours shall be in a school setting;(B)possesses State licensure or certification in school psychology in the State in which the individual works; or(C)possesses national certification by the National School Psychology Certification Board.(10)

School social worker

The term school social worker means an individual who—(A)holds a master’s degree in social work from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education;(B)is licensed or certified by the State in which services are provided; or(C)possesses a national credential or national certification as a school social work specialist granted by an independent professional organization.(11)

State

The term State means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

4134.

School-based mental health and student service provider grant program

(a)

In general

In accordance with this subpart, the Secretary shall make grants to eligible States to assist local educational agencies in those States in hiring additional school-based mental health and student service providers.(b)

Allocation of funds

From the total amount appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subpart, the Secretary shall—(1)make available 1 percent of such amount to the Secretary of the Interior (on behalf of the Bureau of Indian Affairs) and the outlying areas for activities that carry out the purposes of this subpart; and(2)make available in the form of grants to each eligible State an amount equal to the sum of—(A)an amount that bears the same relationship to 50 percent of such total amount as the number of children in poverty who reside in the State bears to the number of such children in all States; and(B)an amount that bears the same relationship to 50 percent of such total amount as the number of children enrolled in public and private nonprofit elementary schools and secondary schools in the State bears to the number of children enrolled in all such schools in all States.(c)

Minimum grant

Notwithstanding subsection (b), no grant under this section shall be for an amount less than $1,000,000.(d)

Reallocation

The Secretary shall reallocate to States that have received approval under subsection (e)(2) any funds allocated under subsection (b) to a State that fails to submit an application that is approved by the Secretary.(e)

Application by State

(1)

In general

To be eligible to receive a grant under this subpart, a State shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.(2)

Approval

The Secretary may not approve an application under this subsection unless the State submitting the application—(A)presents a plan, which the Secretary considers to be reasonable, under which the State will make grants, in accordance with the purposes of this subpart, to local educational agencies to fund the hiring of additional school counselors, school psychologists, other qualified psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, and school social workers; and(B)provides an assurance that the State will provide the matching amount required under subsection (g).(f)

Use of funds by State

(1)

In general

In accordance with this subsection, the total of the amounts made available to a State under this section and the amounts of the non-Federal match required under subsection (g) may only be used by a State to make grants to local educational agencies to assist such agencies in hiring additional school-based mental health and student service providers.(2)

Administrative costs

In each fiscal year, a State may use not more than 5 percent of the assistance made available to it under this subpart for the administrative costs of the State in carrying out the State’s responsibilities under this subpart.(3)

Allocation of funds

In making grants in accordance with this subsection, the State shall allocate from the total described in paragraph (1) to each local educational agency an amount equal to the sum of—(A)an amount that bears the same relationship to 50 percent of such total as the number of children in poverty who reside in the school district served by the local educational agency bears to the number of such children who reside in all the school districts in the State; and(B)an amount that bears the same relationship to 50 percent of such total as the number of children enrolled in public and private nonprofit elementary schools and secondary schools in the school district served by the local educational agency bears to the number of children enrolled in all such schools in the State.(4)

Minimum grant

Notwithstanding paragraph (3), no grant made by a State in accordance with this subsection shall be for an amount less than $50,000.(5)

Source of data

For purposes of paragraph (3), the State shall use data from the most recent fiscal year for which satisfactory data are available, except that the State may adjust such data, or use alternative child poverty data, if the State demonstrates to the Secretary’s satisfaction that such adjusted or alternative data more accurately reflect the relative incidence of children who are living in poverty and who reside in the school districts in the State.(6)

Application by local educational agencies

A State may require that, in order to be eligible for a grant made by the State in accordance with this subsection, a local educational agency shall submit an application to the State at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the State may require.(g)

Matching funds

(1)

In general

As a condition of receiving a grant under this section, the Secretary shall require that a State provide from non-Federal sources an amount equal to the amount of the grant.(2)

Local contribution

In making grants to local educational agencies in accordance with this subsection, a State may require that a local educational agency match a portion of the amount of the grant made to the agency.(3)

Form

The non-Federal share required by this subsection may be provided in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, and may include facilities, equipment, or services.(h)

Funds To be supplementary

Assistance made available under this subpart shall be used to supplement, and may not supplant, Federal, State, or local funds used for employing school-based mental health and student service providers.(i)

Data collection and report

(1)

In general

For each fiscal year for which it receives assistance under this subpart, a State shall collect data describing how the assistance is used.(2)

Report

Not later than 1 year after assistance is made available to a State under this subpart, the State shall transmit to the Secretary a report on the data described in paragraph (1), including information with respect to each local educational agency to which the State made a grant with assistance made available under this subpart—(A)the number of school counselors, school psychologists, other qualified psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, and school social workers employed by local educational agency; and(B)the ratio of students to school counselors, the ratio of students to school psychologists or other qualified psychologists, the ratio of students to child and adolescent psychiatrists, and the ratio of students to school social workers.(3)

Source of funds

A State may use a portion of the assistance permitted to be used for administrative costs to carry out its responsibilities under this subsection.(4)

Publication

The Secretary shall make data received under this subsection publicly available on an annual basis.

4135.

Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subpart $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028.

(b)

Clerical amendment

The table of contents for the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 4121 the following:

Subpart 3—School-Based Mental Health and Student Service Providers

Sec. 4131. Findings.

Sec. 4132. Purposes.

Sec. 4133. Definitions.

Sec. 4134. School-based mental health and student service provider grant program.

Sec. 4135. Authorization of appropriations.