Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Coastal and Ocean Acidification Stressors and Threats Research Act of 2021

or the

COAST Research Act of 2021

Purposes

(a)

In general

Section 12402(a) of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3701(a)) is amended—(1)in paragraph (1)—(A)in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking development and coordination and inserting coordination and implementation;(B)in subparagraph (A), by striking acidification on marine organisms and inserting acidification and coastal acidification on marine organisms; and(C)in subparagraph (B), by striking establish and all that follows through the semicolon and inserting maintain and advise an interagency research, monitoring, and public outreach program on ocean acidification and coastal acidification;;(2)in paragraph (2), by striking establishment and inserting maintenance;(3)in paragraph (3), by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification; and(4)in paragraph (4), by inserting and coastal acidification that take into account other environmental and anthropogenic stressors after ocean acidification.(b)

Technical and conforming amendment

Section 12402 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3701(a)) is amended by striking

(a) Purposes.—

Definitions

Section 12403 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3702) is amended—(1)in paragraph (1), by striking of the Earth’s oceans and all that follows before the period at the end and inserting and changes in the water chemistry of the Earth’s oceans, coastal estuaries, and waterways caused by carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the breakdown of organic matter;(2)in paragraph (3), by striking Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science and Technology Council and inserting National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology;(3)by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), respectively;(4)by inserting before paragraph (2), as so redesignated, the following new paragraph:

(1)

Coastal Acidification

The term coastal acidification means the combined decrease in pH and changes in the water chemistry of coastal oceans, estuaries, and other bodies of water from chemical inputs (including carbon dioxide from the atmosphere), freshwater inputs, and excess nutrient run-off from land and coastal atmospheric pollution that result in processes that release carbon dioxide, acidic nitrogen, and sulfur compounds as byproducts which end up in coastal waters.

; and

(5)by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(5)

State

The term State means each State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

Interagency working group

Section 12404 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3703) is amended—(1)in the heading, by striking

subcommittee

and inserting

working group

;(2)in subsection (a)—(A)in paragraph (1), by striking Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science and Technology Council shall coordinate Federal activities on ocean acidification and establish and insert Subcommittee shall establish and maintain;(B)in paragraph (2), by striking Wildlife Service, and inserting Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of State, the Department of Energy, the Department of the Navy, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Smithsonian Institution,; and(C)in paragraph (3), in the heading, by striking

Chairman

and inserting

Chair

;(3)in subsection (b)—(A)in paragraph (1), by inserting , including the efforts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to facilitate such implementation after of the plan;(B)in paragraph (2)—(i)in subparagraph (A), by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification; and(ii)in subparagraph (B), by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification;(C)in paragraph (4), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon;(D)in paragraph (5)—(i)by striking developed and inserting and coastal acidification developed; and(ii)by striking the period at the end and inserting and coastal acidification; and; and(E)by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(6)ensure that each of the Federal agencies represented on the interagency working group—(A)participates in the Ocean Acidification Information Exchange established under paragraph (5); and(B)delivers data and information to support the data archive system established under section 12406(d).

;

(4)in subsection (c), in paragraph (2)—(A)by inserting , and to the Office of Management and Budget, after House of Representatives; and(B)in subparagraph (B), by striking the interagency research and inserting interagency strategic research;(5)by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and(6)by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

(c)

Advisory Board

(1)

Establishment

The Chair of the Subcommittee shall establish an Ocean Acidification Advisory Board.(2)

Duties

The Advisory Board shall—(A)not later than 180 days before the Subcommittee submits the most recent report under subsection (d)(2)—(i)review such report;(ii)submit an analysis of such report to the Subcommittee for consideration in the final report submitted under subsection (d)(2); and(iii)concurrently with the Subcommittee’s final submission of the report under subsection (d)(2), the Advisory Board shall submit a copy of the analysis provided to the Subcommittee to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives;(B)not later than 180 days before the Subcommittee submits the most recent strategic research plan under subsection (d)(3) to Congress—(i)review such plan;(ii)submit an analysis of such plan and the implementation thereof to the Subcommittee for consideration in the final strategic research plan submitted under subsection (d)(3); and(iii)concurrently with the Subcommittee’s final submission of the strategic research plan under subsection (d)(3), the Advisory Board shall submit a copy of the analysis provided to the Subcommittee to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives;(C)provide ongoing advice to the Subcommittee and the interagency working group on matters related to Federal activities on ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(D)advise the Subcommittee and the interagency working group on—(i)efforts to coordinate research and monitoring activities related to ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and(ii)the best practices for the standards developed for data archiving under section 12406(e);(E)publish in the Federal Register a charter;(F)provide the Library of Congress with—(i)the charter described in subparagraph (E);(ii)any schedules and minutes for meetings of the Advisory Board;(iii)any documents that are approved by the Advisory Board; and(iv)any reports and analysis prepared by the Advisory Board; and(G)establish a publicly accessible web page on the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, that contains the information described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (F).(3)

Membership

The Advisory Board shall consist of 24 members as follows:(A)Two representatives of the shellfish and crab industry.(B)One representative of the finfish industry.(C)One representative of seafood processors.(D)Three representatives from academia, including both natural and social sciences.(E)One representative of recreational fishing.(F)One representative of a relevant nongovernmental organization.(G)Six representatives from relevant State, local, and Tribal governments.(H)One representative from the Alaska Ocean Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(I)One representative from the California Current Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(J)One representative from the Northeast Coastal Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(K)One representative from the Southeast Coastal Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(L)One representative from the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(M)One representative from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.(N)One representative from the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System or a subsequent entity that represents the island territories and possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean, and the State of Hawaii and has a similar purpose.(O)One representative from the Caribbean Regional Association for Coastal Ocean Observing or a subsequent entity that represents Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands and has a similar purpose.(P)One representative from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as an ex-officio member of the Advisory Board without a vote.(4)

Appointment of members

The Chair of the Subcommittee shall—(A)appoint members to the Advisory Board (taking into account the geographical interests of each individual to be appointed as a member of the Advisory Board to ensure that an appropriate balance of geographical interests are represented by the members of the Advisory Board) who—(i)represent the interest group for which each seat is designated;(ii)demonstrate expertise on ocean acidification or coastal acidification and its scientific, economic, industry, cultural, and community impacts; and(iii)have a record of distinguished service with respect to ocean acidification or coastal acidification, and such impacts;(B)give consideration to nominations and recommendations from the members of the interagency working group and the public for such appointments; and(C)ensure that an appropriate balance of scientific, industry, and geographical interests are represented by the members of the Advisory Board.(5)

Term of membership

Each member of the Advisory Board—(A)shall be appointed for a 5-year term; and(B)may be appointed to more than one term.(6)

Chair

The Chair of the Subcommittee shall appoint one member of the Advisory Board to serve as the Chair of the Advisory Board.(7)

Meetings

Not less than once each calendar year, the Advisory Board shall meet at such times and places as may be designated by the Chair of the Advisory Board, in consultation with the Chair of the Subcommittee and the Chair of the interagency working group.(8)

Briefing

The Chair of the Advisory Board shall brief the Subcommittee and the interagency working group on the progress of the Advisory Board as necessary or at the request of the Subcommittee.(9)

Federal Advisory Committee Act

Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the Advisory Board.

Strategic research plan

Section 12405 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3704) is amended—(1)in subsection (a)—(A)by striking acidification each place it appears and inserting acidification and coastal acidification;(B)in the first sentence—(i)by inserting , and not later than every 5 years thereafter after the date of enactment of this Act;(ii)by inserting address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification and to after mitigation strategies to; and(iii)by striking marine ecosystems each place it appears and inserting ecosystems; and(C)in the second sentence, by inserting and recommendations made by the Advisory Board in the review of the plan required under section 12404(c)(2)(B)(i) after subsection (d);(2)in subsection (b)—(A)in paragraph (1), by inserting and social sciences after among the ocean sciences;(B)in paragraph (2)—(i)in subparagraph (A), by striking impacts and inserting impacts, including trends of changes in ocean chemistry,;(ii)in subparagraph (B)—(I)by striking improve the ability to assess the and inserting assess the short-term and long-term; and(II)by striking ; and at the end and inserting a semicolon;(iii)by amending subparagraph (C) to read as follows:

(C)provide information for the—(i)development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(ii)conservation of marine organisms and ecosystems;(iii)assessment of the effectiveness of such adaptation and mitigation strategies; and

; and

(iv)by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

(D)improve research on—(i)ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(ii)the interactions between and effects of multiple combined stressors including changes in water chemistry, changes in sediment delivery, hypoxia, and harmful algal blooms, on ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and(iii)the effect of environmental stressors on marine resources and ecosystems;

;

(C)in paragraph (3)—(i)in subparagraph (F), by striking database development and inserting data management;(ii)in subparagraph (H) by striking and at the end; and(iii)by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

(J)assessment of adaptation and mitigation strategies; and(K)education and outreach activities;

;

(D)in paragraph (4), by striking set forth and inserting ensure an appropriate balance of contribution in establishing;(E)in paragraph (5), by striking reports and inserting the best available peer-reviewed scientific reports;(F)in paragraph (6)—(i)by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification; and(ii)by striking of the United States and inserting within the United States;(G)in paragraph (7), by striking outline budget requirements and inserting estimate costs associated for full implementation of each element of the plan by fiscal year;(H)in paragraph (8)—(i)by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification each place it appears;(ii)by striking its and inserting their; and(iii)by striking ; and at the end and inserting a semicolon;(I)in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and(J)by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(11)describe monitoring needs necessary to support potentially affected industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery management councils and commissions, non-Federal resource managers, and scientific experts on decision-making and adaptation related to ocean acidification and coastal acidification.

;

(3)in subsection (c)—(A)in paragraph (1)(C), by striking surface;(B)in paragraph (2), by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification each place it appears;(C)in paragraph (3)—(i)by striking input, and and inserting inputs,;(ii)by inserting , marine food webs, after marine ecosystems; and(iii)by inserting , and modeling that supports fisheries management after marine organisms;(D)in paragraph (5), by inserting and coastal acidification after ocean acidification; and(E)by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(8)Research to understand related and cumulative stressors and other biogeochemical processes occurring in conjunction with ocean acidification and coastal acidification.

; and

(4)by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:

(e)

Advisory Board evaluation

Not later than 180 days before a plan is submitted to Congress, the Subcommittee shall provide the Advisory Board established under section 12404(c) a copy of the plan for purposes of review under paragraph (2)(B)(i) of such section.(f)

Publication and public comment

Not later than 90 days before the strategic research plan, or any revision thereof, is submitted to Congress, the Subcommittee shall publish the plan in the Federal Register and provide an opportunity for submission of public comments for a period of not less than 60 days.

NOAA ocean acidification activities

Section 12406 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3705) is amended—(1)in subsection (a)—(A)in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting coordination, after research, monitoring,;(B)in paragraph (1)—(i)in subparagraph (B)—(I)by inserting including the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies, after ocean observing assets,; and(II)by inserting and agency and department missions, prioritizing the location of monitoring instruments, assets, and projects to maximize the efficiency of resources and to optimize understanding of socioeconomic impacts and ecosystem health after research program;(ii)in subparagraph (C)—(I)by striking adaptation and inserting adaptation and mitigation; and(II)by inserting and supporting socioeconomically vulnerable States, local governments, Tribes, communities, and industries through technical assistance and mitigation strategies after marine ecosystems;(iii)in subparagraph (E), by striking its impacts and inserting their respective impacts;(iv)in subparagraph (F), by striking monitoring and impacts research and inserting research, monitoring, and adaptation and mitigation strategies; and(v)by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

(G)research to improve understanding of the effect of—(i)other environmental stressors on ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(ii)multiple environmental stressors on living marine resources and coastal ecosystems; and(iii)adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification.

;

(C)in paragraph (2), by striking critical research projects that explore and inserting critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate; and(D)in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking acidification each place it appears and inserting acidification and coastal acidification; and(2)by adding at the end the following new subsections:

(c)

Relationship to interagency working group

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as the lead Federal agency responsible for coordinating the Federal response to ocean acidification and coastal acidification, by—(1)leading the interagency working group in implementing the strategic research plan under section 12405;(2)coordinating monitoring and research efforts among Federal agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal government and international partners;(3)maintaining an Ocean Acidification Information Exchange described under section 12404(b)(5) to allow for information to be electronically accessible, including information—(A)on ocean acidification developed through or used by the ocean acidification program described under section 12406(a); or(B)that would be useful to State governments, local governments, Tribal governments, resource managers, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in mitigating or adapting to the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and(4)establishing and maintaining the data archive system under subsection (d).(d)

Data archive system

(1)

Management

The Secretary, in coordination with members of the interagency working group, shall provide for the long-term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to ocean acidification and coastal acidification by establishing and maintaining a data archive system that the National Center for Environmental Information uses to process, store, archive, provide access to, and incorporate to the extent possible, such data collected—(A)through relevant federally-funded research; and(B)by a Federal agency, State agency, local agency, Tribe, academic scientist, citizen scientist, or industry organization.(2)

Existing global or national data assets

In establishing and maintaining the data archive system under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure that existing global or national data assets (including the data assets maintained by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the Integrated Ocean Observing System, and other existing data systems within Federal agencies) are incorporated to the greatest extent possible.(e)

Standards, protocols, and procedures

With respect to the data described in subsection (d), the Secretary, in coordination with members of the interagency working group, shall establish and revise as necessary the standards, protocols, or procedures for—(1)processing, storing, archiving, and providing access to such data;(2)the interoperability and intercalibration of such data;(3)the collection of any metadata underlying such data; and(4)sharing such data with State, local, and Tribal government programs, potentially affected industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery management councils and commissions, non-Federal resource managers, and academia.(f)

Dissemination of ocean acidification data and coastal acidification data

The Secretary, in coordination with members of the interagency working group, shall disseminate the data described under subsection (d) to the greatest extent practicable by sharing such data on full and open access exchanges.(g)

Requirement

Recipients of grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under this subtitle that collect data described under subsection (d) shall—(1)collect such data in accordance with the standards, protocols, or procedures established pursuant to subsection (e); and(2)submit such data to the data archive system under subsection (d) after publication, in accordance with any rules promulgated by the Secretary.

NSF ocean acidification activities

Section 12407 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3706) is amended—(1)by striking ocean acidification each place it appears and inserting ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(2)in subsection (a)—(A)in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking its impacts and inserting their respective impacts;(B)in paragraph (3), by striking and its impacts and inserting and their respective impacts; (C)in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and(D)by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(5)adaptation and mitigation strategies to address socioeconomic effects of ocean acidification and coastal acidification.

; and

(3)by adding at the end the following:

(d)

Requirement

Recipients of grants from the National Science Foundation under this subtitle that collect data described under section 12406(d) shall—(1)collect data in accordance with the standards, protocols, or procedures established pursuant to section 12406(e); and(2)submit such data to the Director and the Secretary after publication, in accordance with any rules promulgated by the Director or the Secretary.

NASA ocean acidification activities

Section 12408 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3707) is amended—(1)by striking ocean acidification each place it appears and inserting ocean acidification and coastal acidification;(2)in subsection (a), by striking its impacts and inserting their respective impacts; and(3)by adding at the end the following new subsection:

(d)

Requirement

Researchers from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under this subtitle that collect data described under section 12406(d) shall—(1)collect such data in accordance with the standards, protocols, or procedures established pursuant to section 12406(e); and(2)submit such data to the Administrator and the Secretary, in accordance with any rules promulgated by the Administrator or the Secretary.

Authorization of appropriations

Section 12409 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3708) is amended—(1)in subsection (a), by striking subtitle— and all that follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following:

subtitle—(1)$30,500,000 for fiscal year 2022;(2)$35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;(3)$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;(4)$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and(5)$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

; and

(2)in subsection (b), by striking subtitle— and all that follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following: subtitle $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2022 through 2026..