<enum>I</enum><header>Additional sanctions with respect to Syria</header><section id="HECCB03F7F2D44B45AE552B5127D93BC9" commented="no"><enum>101.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to certain government officials of countries assisting or normalizing relations with Syria</header><subsection id="H3680F02D5B9B43B09715A158EDF50B60" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to senior foreign political figures and other senior government officials of countries on the lists required by subsection (b)(1).</text></subsection><subsection id="H098E79D60E5E46B1AE4E6CC8CEB4E0A7" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Lists</header><paragraph id="HB451E3B5BDDF43EE8B0B830C9CCD1653" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—</text><subparagraph id="H6D0A2B409FB04FFAA7878B787EC109E0" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a list of countries that—</text><clause id="H639AE79FF9514454BA5FFE926E5F6176" commented="no"><enum>(i)</enum><text>expressly consent to, or with knowledge allow, the use of their territory or financial institutions by the Government of Syria to assist such government’s war crimes, including through financing; or</text></clause><clause id="H6BFF514311D94F69924421E3A05F474B" commented="no"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>have a history of facilitating sanctions evasion by the Government of Syria;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9525C88739F42C58A7A2E0AC6F4E09A" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a list of countries, including countries that are members of the League of Arab States, that have diplomatic relations with Syria, or that continue to have extensive economic relations with Syria; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H43F0CF0E6DFA449E93888A0F46899C58" commented="no"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a list of countries that are considering and taking steps towards establishing diplomatic relations with Syria.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H94B980828B17437F9AD8206AF92036F5" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Additional requirement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall include the following countries that have established diplomatic relations with Syria as part of the lists required by paragraph (1) until such time as those countries have ceased having diplomatic relations with the Government of Syria: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H93698F03B43940F0B6019A2FA92A933B" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The lists required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC20D36DA4633491AAACFD000C4EEA0F6" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are—</text><paragraph id="HAE93C7A11CB84B238AC788C98F252037" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7454E3AC59744AFAA0EE20E97F21E935" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Act of 2015 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1701">50 U.S.C. 1701</external-xref> note). </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H33CB2164EB7D468C930061B3A8552AFE" commented="no"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Senior foreign political figure defined</header><text>In this section, the term <quote>senior foreign political figure</quote> has the meaning given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. </text></subsection></section><section id="H0E3BBC9357F04F59804B93EFDD9DD64C" commented="no"><enum>102.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to financial institutions operating in Syria and certain foreign persons supporting the Government of Syria</header><subsection id="H3F4A154A153E490283B69F679C85838F" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each financial institution on the list required by subsection (b)(1)(A) and each person on the list required by subsection (b)(1)(B). </text></subsection><subsection id="H421233E1EDB44A2B943A70B9F5B5A3FA" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Lists</header><paragraph id="HA634C28CCCA244A091D601DA535BB835" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and biannually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—</text><subparagraph id="H1193EF699FAF4D569B29C4CF663D86C7" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a list of financial institutions operating in Syria; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H58BD77ACA7C9426E9ABDCD937C7CA2CD" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of foreign persons of China, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Oman, Turkey, Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates that are involved in business activities with regard to the infrastructure, construction, financial services, telecommunications, or petroleum sectors of the Syrian economy.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H573006D70BF140C1824ACD595AE60355" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The list required by this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H22E817793376448A9F6D8A932DE544A9" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="HC52DB4D405614E85908DE7E82AAEAD7E" commented="no"><enum>103.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to certain individuals serving in the Lebanese Internal Security Forces and the Lebanese Armed Forces</header><subsection id="H79D724C981D0479F924E1C406132E1AE" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each individual on the list required by subsection (b)(3).</text></subsection><subsection id="H6B03B35B62124366B4A3308541A738FC" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—</text><paragraph id="H18DFE08234BB45F88C04B9AD7E6EB34D" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>describes efforts by the Government of Lebanon to prevent sanctions evasion activities, including smuggling efforts to support the Government of Syria, including an identification of the extent to which the Government of Lebanon, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF), and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have knowingly permitted, facilitated, or assisted such efforts;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD197C2B8F0234D5794F607DE0F10120E" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>describes efforts by the Government of Lebanon, the ISF, and the LAF have taken to prevent the forced repatriation of Syrian refugees back to Syria; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9FC8D1D07C554EAC9C38B7922A3FE674" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>contains a list of those individuals serving in the ISF and the LAF that have participated in, knowingly permitted, facilitated, or assisted the Government of Syria in sanctions evasion activities or smuggling efforts to support the Government of Syria.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB7561DF1ACE949DA946267A35167BC01" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2656">22 U.S.C. 2656</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H57E553D882D341A29499EF29DA619A9C" commented="no"><enum>104.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to directors, officers, and other officials employed in Syrian prisons and detention facilities determined to be engaged in the use of torture</header><subsection id="H87DF7B77872A4FF9A33A447371CC7CB7" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each individual on the list required by subsection (b)(2).</text></subsection><subsection id="H2D62FE572F884BCE8B17DF57C837F36F" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—</text><paragraph id="H96ADDFE1EA0B46F0ABFB44C0BE2FE8FD" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>describes the extent to which torture is used against detainees in Syrian prisons and detention facilities; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H851F27C793984BE7BE9E5653F41CEF7A" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>contains a list of directors, officers, and other officials employed in such prisons and detention facilities and who have been determined to be engaged in the use of torture.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H4F852C9FC8B249ACAD3727D759370089" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text>The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2656">22 U.S.C. 2656</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H75A69215F9AA422797262F761D7A250F" commented="no"><enum>105.</enum><header>Mandatory application of sanctions under the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019</header><subsection id="H90113BFF089D4CE1B303FDDB8D78303D" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of the Congress that—</text><paragraph id="H576642B68EAB4BB7B0EC0F5F1427233C" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Syrian financial and construction sectors are sectors of Syria’s economy which provide financial support to the Syrian regime’s malign activities and crimes against its own people; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H20ACDFF768E54DF9A38386E44C23B7DC" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the President should continue to vigorously enforce the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 to deny the al-Assad regime avenues to fund its malign activities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5D4B245F7F0145CDBE36A94C6AFB1DB1" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (d) with respect to each individual and organization described in subsection (c).</text></subsection><subsection id="H349AF72EA37D4DA084E4161F72B282C1" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Individuals and organizations described</header><text>The individuals and organizations described in this subsection are the following:</text><paragraph id="HD8E3AC6FC091443CB5C5027FC7D0B6CF" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The Badr Organization.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HBC8621EFE8B542B086B4AB56EE38C749" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Hadi Al-Ameri, leader of the Badr Organization.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H883EF4F919FE4EE1B4CD60710CD21529" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Wagner Group.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H290440196D974C318CE0E2649B028D02" commented="no"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Major General Abbas Ibrahim of the Lebanese General Security Directorate.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8A5A6E62479647E09DAC304C7F9AFC7F" commented="no"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The Damascus Securities Exchange.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9905A238BB2C43F7AA01EC6DD232B1ED" commented="no"><enum>(6)</enum><text>The Imam Ali Brigades.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0BF5D7D9DE2945A4A1175E1954A4566F" commented="no"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The al-Baraka Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47E49DB33DC54E408EE755D091A89AFC" commented="no"><enum>(8)</enum><text>The al-Badia Cement Plant.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE7D4168FB87E467CB963C806DF2D7FB8" commented="no"><enum>(9)</enum><text>The Bank Audi Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H11FED986BE944718B4DC9A7DA9E1F751" commented="no"><enum>(10)</enum><text>The International Bank for Trade and Finance Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47342FE532AA4B76B3E8629026494A4D" commented="no"><enum>(11)</enum><text>The Bank of Syria and Overseas.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H13E83E8F50A74189B316F73DE7AB149D" commented="no"><enum>(12)</enum><text>The Byblos Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H14B850D63597437D9F1E65AD8FC79F11" commented="no"><enum>(13)</enum><text>The Real Estate Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF07313F3A4DF413499E054ACF8A1BBF9" commented="no"><enum>(14)</enum><text>The Banque Bemo Saudi Fransi.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD5949B001C9B4C5299B6626D9D88E7C3" commented="no"><enum>(15)</enum><text>The Basy Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF210406069CC44FAB34038F180DD93F4" commented="no"><enum>(16)</enum><text>The Arab Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HECC1FBAC9EAE4D5B88ACF5E7A9988C38" commented="no"><enum>(17)</enum><text>The Qatar National Bank–Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDCD6EF539F9C430A9A012B131496CEAE" commented="no"><enum>(18)</enum><text>The Syria Gulf Bank.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H99C3E06F1A3C4094BB8AED7FB6964D85" commented="no"><enum>(19)</enum><text>The Fransabank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H83EC2352FE784E7C9E29DE7815B0C73D" commented="no"><enum>(20)</enum><text>The Parliament of Syria and every member of the Parliament of Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDAF6260F477E4BFF899286340048FFF9" commented="no"><enum>(21)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">EmmaTel Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD5098C85C8954222A56CA1A8D99DCE73" commented="no"><enum>(22)</enum><text>Daman Sham.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47439D89CD764D19913BF1F910F6E4D4" commented="no"><enum>(23)</enum><text>The Central Financial Company for Financial Services and Brokerage Syria (IFC).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD6F657A46E4C42C3A1019DB9565B4145" commented="no"><enum>(24)</enum><text>Cham Capital.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB5EEAA2C1CAC42EAA991185E89173F21" commented="no"><enum>(25)</enum><text>First Global Investments Financial Company Syria (G1–SY).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDE023CA31D3943E1BD07DB02E8169DD5" commented="no"><enum>(26)</enum><text>Al Aula Company for Financial Investment Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H608ED531380042EC9BD0F1828C4FB6ED" commented="no"><enum>(27)</enum><text>Alpha Capital for Financial Services.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB83DAC8C41864F8BB5E66A72CBA61904" commented="no"><enum>(28)</enum><text>Asiria Finance.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H476343B6DCA54BAE9E33A93897DD1A81" commented="no"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H7D68FAEA68314BEEBA29D7710AAF5449" commented="no"><enum>106.</enum><header>Limitation on waiver authorities under the Caesar Civilian Protection Act of 2019</header><subsection id="HD7EE35262E1048A5BC1B6E41277B66EC" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that sanctions relief for the Government of Syria or a withdrawal of United States military forces in Syria should not be exchanged as ransom for the release of American hostages in Syria because such ransom would only incentivize hostile regimes around the world to take American hostages. </text></subsection><subsection id="HA48755D3218B46A5BF05F6766C62BFD9" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Section 7432 of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HE3C988526D1E46FB9C0B72C55276703E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (b)(1), by striking <quote>, for renewable periods not to exceed 180 days,</quote> and inserting <quote>, once, for a period not to exceed one year,</quote>; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H427067126F1943CCBA95894797B18AA3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection (c)(1), by striking <quote>renewable periods</quote> and inserting <quote>a period</quote>.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H3D3F1072DC52461FA1041601E6F9CF83" commented="no"><enum>107.</enum><header>Measures with respect to areas of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria</header><subsection id="H51D8166762CA464D91EF79431443EEEC" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Determination regarding areas of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria</header><paragraph id="HC542C6F82E9440C785E3B0341199B901"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine, under section 5318A of title 31, United States Code, whether reasonable grounds exist for concluding that any of the jurisdictions of Syria described in paragraph (2) are jurisdictions of primary money laundering concern.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H75EAFA07682F402D9660D4B3BE3AC4D5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Jurisdictions described</header><text>The jurisdictions of Syria described in this paragraph are the following:</text><subparagraph id="HF3AB8305C98C4AD585AD38ABA006BA41"><enum>(A)</enum><text>The Damascus Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9CC14598EB9B4436849C3E38D9D0D893"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The Homs Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCE11DBA117AF49D2BEEE0D5D880E8FB7"><enum>(C)</enum><text>The Daraa Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H962121EA56DC4E50B98290022483A3A6"><enum>(D)</enum><text>The Damascus Countryside (Rif Dimeshq) Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFD78ECF0B667485DA5EAA2E4E08BBDA3"><enum>(E)</enum><text>The Latakia Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6A6239D0CFA64220B202F8EDF26B9EF3"><enum>(F)</enum><text>The Tartous Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3D98BB8A1ABB49C098C5CD945F1E27FA"><enum>(G)</enum><text>The As-Suwayda Governorate.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1B889ECD41B34B8F9592BDEAA40145C8"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Enhanced Due Diligence and Reporting Requirements</header><text>If the Secretary of the Treasury determines under subsection (a) that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that a jurisdiction of Syria described paragraph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal functional regulators (as defined in section 509 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/6809">15 U.S.C. 6809</external-xref>)), shall impose one or more of the special measures described in section 5318A(b) of title 31, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction.</text></subsection><subsection id="H8868F92609324556BC48D0BE78156E16" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report required</header><paragraph id="H84F616D53C0446EB881F302204CB8552"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after making a determination under subsection (a) with respect to whether a jurisdiction of Syria described paragraph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the reasons for the determination.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3050FA3AC333452D8D2FCB53761D4700"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><text>A report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.</text></paragraph></subsection></section>

116 HR 8931 IH: Stop the Killing in Syria Act U.S. House of Representatives 2020-12-10 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

Short title and table of contents

(a)

Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Stop the Killing in Syria Act

. (b)

Table of contents

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.

Sec. 2. Definitions.

Title I—Additional Sanctions With Respect to Syria

Sec. 101. Sanctions with respect to certain government officials of countries assisting or normalizing relations with Syria.

Sec. 102. Sanctions with respect to financial institutions operating in Syria and certain foreign persons supporting the Government of Syria.

Sec. 103. Sanctions with respect to certain individuals serving in the Lebanese Internal Security Forces and the Lebanese Armed Forces.

Sec. 104. Sanctions with respect to directors, officers, and other officials employed in Syrian prisons and detention facilities determined to be engaged in the use of torture.

Sec. 105. Mandatory application of sanctions under the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019.

Sec. 106. Limitation on waiver authorities under the Caesar Civilian Protection Act of 2019.

Sec. 107. Measures with respect to areas of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria.

Title II—Other Provisions

Sec. 201. Determination and report relating to crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes in Syria.

Sec. 202. Assessment of potential effectiveness of and requirements for the establishment of a no-fly zone, safe zones, or a no-bombing zone in Syria.

Sec. 203. Report on net worth of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

Sec. 204. Strategy and report for removing the al-Assad regime from power and achieving a transition to a free and democratic Syria.

Sec. 205. Statement of policy.

Sec. 206. Prohibition against United States recognition of the al-Assad regime in Syria.

Sec. 207. Report on effect of lifting Iran sanctions on war crimes in Syria.

Sec. 208. Certification regarding humanitarian aid provided to areas in Syria held by the al-Assad regime.

Sec. 209. Proclamation authority regarding free Syria economic zones.

Definitions

In this Act:(1)

Appropriate congressional committees

The term appropriate congressional committees means—(A)the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and(B)the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.(2)

Foreign person

The term foreign person has the meaning given that term in section 1262 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 2656 note).

<enum>I</enum><header>Additional sanctions with respect to Syria</header><section id="HECCB03F7F2D44B45AE552B5127D93BC9" commented="no"><enum>101.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to certain government officials of countries assisting or normalizing relations with Syria</header><subsection id="H3680F02D5B9B43B09715A158EDF50B60" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to senior foreign political figures and other senior government officials of countries on the lists required by subsection (b)(1).</text></subsection><subsection id="H098E79D60E5E46B1AE4E6CC8CEB4E0A7" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Lists</header><paragraph id="HB451E3B5BDDF43EE8B0B830C9CCD1653" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—</text><subparagraph id="H6D0A2B409FB04FFAA7878B787EC109E0" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a list of countries that—</text><clause id="H639AE79FF9514454BA5FFE926E5F6176" commented="no"><enum>(i)</enum><text>expressly consent to, or with knowledge allow, the use of their territory or financial institutions by the Government of Syria to assist such government’s war crimes, including through financing; or</text></clause><clause id="H6BFF514311D94F69924421E3A05F474B" commented="no"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>have a history of facilitating sanctions evasion by the Government of Syria;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9525C88739F42C58A7A2E0AC6F4E09A" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a list of countries, including countries that are members of the League of Arab States, that have diplomatic relations with Syria, or that continue to have extensive economic relations with Syria; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H43F0CF0E6DFA449E93888A0F46899C58" commented="no"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a list of countries that are considering and taking steps towards establishing diplomatic relations with Syria.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H94B980828B17437F9AD8206AF92036F5" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Additional requirement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall include the following countries that have established diplomatic relations with Syria as part of the lists required by paragraph (1) until such time as those countries have ceased having diplomatic relations with the Government of Syria: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H93698F03B43940F0B6019A2FA92A933B" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The lists required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC20D36DA4633491AAACFD000C4EEA0F6" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are—</text><paragraph id="HAE93C7A11CB84B238AC788C98F252037" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7454E3AC59744AFAA0EE20E97F21E935" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Act of 2015 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1701">50 U.S.C. 1701</external-xref> note). </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H33CB2164EB7D468C930061B3A8552AFE" commented="no"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Senior foreign political figure defined</header><text>In this section, the term <quote>senior foreign political figure</quote> has the meaning given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. </text></subsection></section><section id="H0E3BBC9357F04F59804B93EFDD9DD64C" commented="no"><enum>102.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to financial institutions operating in Syria and certain foreign persons supporting the Government of Syria</header><subsection id="H3F4A154A153E490283B69F679C85838F" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each financial institution on the list required by subsection (b)(1)(A) and each person on the list required by subsection (b)(1)(B). </text></subsection><subsection id="H421233E1EDB44A2B943A70B9F5B5A3FA" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Lists</header><paragraph id="HA634C28CCCA244A091D601DA535BB835" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and biannually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—</text><subparagraph id="H1193EF699FAF4D569B29C4CF663D86C7" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a list of financial institutions operating in Syria; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H58BD77ACA7C9426E9ABDCD937C7CA2CD" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of foreign persons of China, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Oman, Turkey, Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates that are involved in business activities with regard to the infrastructure, construction, financial services, telecommunications, or petroleum sectors of the Syrian economy.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H573006D70BF140C1824ACD595AE60355" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The list required by this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H22E817793376448A9F6D8A932DE544A9" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="HC52DB4D405614E85908DE7E82AAEAD7E" commented="no"><enum>103.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to certain individuals serving in the Lebanese Internal Security Forces and the Lebanese Armed Forces</header><subsection id="H79D724C981D0479F924E1C406132E1AE" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each individual on the list required by subsection (b)(3).</text></subsection><subsection id="H6B03B35B62124366B4A3308541A738FC" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—</text><paragraph id="H18DFE08234BB45F88C04B9AD7E6EB34D" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>describes efforts by the Government of Lebanon to prevent sanctions evasion activities, including smuggling efforts to support the Government of Syria, including an identification of the extent to which the Government of Lebanon, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF), and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have knowingly permitted, facilitated, or assisted such efforts;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD197C2B8F0234D5794F607DE0F10120E" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>describes efforts by the Government of Lebanon, the ISF, and the LAF have taken to prevent the forced repatriation of Syrian refugees back to Syria; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9FC8D1D07C554EAC9C38B7922A3FE674" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>contains a list of those individuals serving in the ISF and the LAF that have participated in, knowingly permitted, facilitated, or assisted the Government of Syria in sanctions evasion activities or smuggling efforts to support the Government of Syria.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB7561DF1ACE949DA946267A35167BC01" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2656">22 U.S.C. 2656</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H57E553D882D341A29499EF29DA619A9C" commented="no"><enum>104.</enum><header>Sanctions with respect to directors, officers, and other officials employed in Syrian prisons and detention facilities determined to be engaged in the use of torture</header><subsection id="H87DF7B77872A4FF9A33A447371CC7CB7" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each individual on the list required by subsection (b)(2).</text></subsection><subsection id="H2D62FE572F884BCE8B17DF57C837F36F" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—</text><paragraph id="H96ADDFE1EA0B46F0ABFB44C0BE2FE8FD" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>describes the extent to which torture is used against detainees in Syrian prisons and detention facilities; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H851F27C793984BE7BE9E5653F41CEF7A" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>contains a list of directors, officers, and other officials employed in such prisons and detention facilities and who have been determined to be engaged in the use of torture.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H4F852C9FC8B249ACAD3727D759370089" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text>The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2656">22 U.S.C. 2656</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H75A69215F9AA422797262F761D7A250F" commented="no"><enum>105.</enum><header>Mandatory application of sanctions under the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019</header><subsection id="H90113BFF089D4CE1B303FDDB8D78303D" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of the Congress that—</text><paragraph id="H576642B68EAB4BB7B0EC0F5F1427233C" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Syrian financial and construction sectors are sectors of Syria’s economy which provide financial support to the Syrian regime’s malign activities and crimes against its own people; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H20ACDFF768E54DF9A38386E44C23B7DC" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the President should continue to vigorously enforce the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 to deny the al-Assad regime avenues to fund its malign activities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5D4B245F7F0145CDBE36A94C6AFB1DB1" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (d) with respect to each individual and organization described in subsection (c).</text></subsection><subsection id="H349AF72EA37D4DA084E4161F72B282C1" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Individuals and organizations described</header><text>The individuals and organizations described in this subsection are the following:</text><paragraph id="HD8E3AC6FC091443CB5C5027FC7D0B6CF" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The Badr Organization.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HBC8621EFE8B542B086B4AB56EE38C749" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Hadi Al-Ameri, leader of the Badr Organization.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H883EF4F919FE4EE1B4CD60710CD21529" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Wagner Group.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H290440196D974C318CE0E2649B028D02" commented="no"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Major General Abbas Ibrahim of the Lebanese General Security Directorate.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8A5A6E62479647E09DAC304C7F9AFC7F" commented="no"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The Damascus Securities Exchange.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9905A238BB2C43F7AA01EC6DD232B1ED" commented="no"><enum>(6)</enum><text>The Imam Ali Brigades.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0BF5D7D9DE2945A4A1175E1954A4566F" commented="no"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The al-Baraka Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47E49DB33DC54E408EE755D091A89AFC" commented="no"><enum>(8)</enum><text>The al-Badia Cement Plant.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE7D4168FB87E467CB963C806DF2D7FB8" commented="no"><enum>(9)</enum><text>The Bank Audi Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H11FED986BE944718B4DC9A7DA9E1F751" commented="no"><enum>(10)</enum><text>The International Bank for Trade and Finance Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47342FE532AA4B76B3E8629026494A4D" commented="no"><enum>(11)</enum><text>The Bank of Syria and Overseas.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H13E83E8F50A74189B316F73DE7AB149D" commented="no"><enum>(12)</enum><text>The Byblos Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H14B850D63597437D9F1E65AD8FC79F11" commented="no"><enum>(13)</enum><text>The Real Estate Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF07313F3A4DF413499E054ACF8A1BBF9" commented="no"><enum>(14)</enum><text>The Banque Bemo Saudi Fransi.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD5949B001C9B4C5299B6626D9D88E7C3" commented="no"><enum>(15)</enum><text>The Basy Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF210406069CC44FAB34038F180DD93F4" commented="no"><enum>(16)</enum><text>The Arab Bank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HECC1FBAC9EAE4D5B88ACF5E7A9988C38" commented="no"><enum>(17)</enum><text>The Qatar National Bank–Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDCD6EF539F9C430A9A012B131496CEAE" commented="no"><enum>(18)</enum><text>The Syria Gulf Bank.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H99C3E06F1A3C4094BB8AED7FB6964D85" commented="no"><enum>(19)</enum><text>The Fransabank Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H83EC2352FE784E7C9E29DE7815B0C73D" commented="no"><enum>(20)</enum><text>The Parliament of Syria and every member of the Parliament of Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDAF6260F477E4BFF899286340048FFF9" commented="no"><enum>(21)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">EmmaTel Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD5098C85C8954222A56CA1A8D99DCE73" commented="no"><enum>(22)</enum><text>Daman Sham.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H47439D89CD764D19913BF1F910F6E4D4" commented="no"><enum>(23)</enum><text>The Central Financial Company for Financial Services and Brokerage Syria (IFC).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD6F657A46E4C42C3A1019DB9565B4145" commented="no"><enum>(24)</enum><text>Cham Capital.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB5EEAA2C1CAC42EAA991185E89173F21" commented="no"><enum>(25)</enum><text>First Global Investments Financial Company Syria (G1–SY).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDE023CA31D3943E1BD07DB02E8169DD5" commented="no"><enum>(26)</enum><text>Al Aula Company for Financial Investment Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H608ED531380042EC9BD0F1828C4FB6ED" commented="no"><enum>(27)</enum><text>Alpha Capital for Financial Services.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB83DAC8C41864F8BB5E66A72CBA61904" commented="no"><enum>(28)</enum><text>Asiria Finance.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H476343B6DCA54BAE9E33A93897DD1A81" commented="no"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Sanctions described</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note).</text></subsection></section><section id="H7D68FAEA68314BEEBA29D7710AAF5449" commented="no"><enum>106.</enum><header>Limitation on waiver authorities under the Caesar Civilian Protection Act of 2019</header><subsection id="HD7EE35262E1048A5BC1B6E41277B66EC" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that sanctions relief for the Government of Syria or a withdrawal of United States military forces in Syria should not be exchanged as ransom for the release of American hostages in Syria because such ransom would only incentivize hostile regimes around the world to take American hostages. </text></subsection><subsection id="HA48755D3218B46A5BF05F6766C62BFD9" commented="no"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Section 7432 of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HE3C988526D1E46FB9C0B72C55276703E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (b)(1), by striking <quote>, for renewable periods not to exceed 180 days,</quote> and inserting <quote>, once, for a period not to exceed one year,</quote>; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H427067126F1943CCBA95894797B18AA3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection (c)(1), by striking <quote>renewable periods</quote> and inserting <quote>a period</quote>.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H3D3F1072DC52461FA1041601E6F9CF83" commented="no"><enum>107.</enum><header>Measures with respect to areas of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria</header><subsection id="H51D8166762CA464D91EF79431443EEEC" commented="no"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Determination regarding areas of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria</header><paragraph id="HC542C6F82E9440C785E3B0341199B901"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine, under section 5318A of title 31, United States Code, whether reasonable grounds exist for concluding that any of the jurisdictions of Syria described in paragraph (2) are jurisdictions of primary money laundering concern.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H75EAFA07682F402D9660D4B3BE3AC4D5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Jurisdictions described</header><text>The jurisdictions of Syria described in this paragraph are the following:</text><subparagraph id="HF3AB8305C98C4AD585AD38ABA006BA41"><enum>(A)</enum><text>The Damascus Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9CC14598EB9B4436849C3E38D9D0D893"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The Homs Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCE11DBA117AF49D2BEEE0D5D880E8FB7"><enum>(C)</enum><text>The Daraa Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H962121EA56DC4E50B98290022483A3A6"><enum>(D)</enum><text>The Damascus Countryside (Rif Dimeshq) Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFD78ECF0B667485DA5EAA2E4E08BBDA3"><enum>(E)</enum><text>The Latakia Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6A6239D0CFA64220B202F8EDF26B9EF3"><enum>(F)</enum><text>The Tartous Governorate.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3D98BB8A1ABB49C098C5CD945F1E27FA"><enum>(G)</enum><text>The As-Suwayda Governorate.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1B889ECD41B34B8F9592BDEAA40145C8"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Enhanced Due Diligence and Reporting Requirements</header><text>If the Secretary of the Treasury determines under subsection (a) that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that a jurisdiction of Syria described paragraph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal functional regulators (as defined in section 509 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/6809">15 U.S.C. 6809</external-xref>)), shall impose one or more of the special measures described in section 5318A(b) of title 31, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction.</text></subsection><subsection id="H8868F92609324556BC48D0BE78156E16" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report required</header><paragraph id="H84F616D53C0446EB881F302204CB8552"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after making a determination under subsection (a) with respect to whether a jurisdiction of Syria described paragraph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the reasons for the determination.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3050FA3AC333452D8D2FCB53761D4700"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><text>A report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Other provisions</header><section id="H6A2E840E1C854A52B960B95E9D91C47E"><enum>201.</enum><header>Determination and report relating to crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes in Syria</header><subsection id="HB97F41358B7547D8BEBE3CDD3B5929E1" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Determination</header><text>The Secretary of State shall make a determination with respect to each of the following:</text><paragraph id="HBF1D0BBB51AF4DA79BB5524F776BF6C3"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Whether the al-Assad regime’s intentional barrel bombs dropped on the civilian population of Syria, the <quote>starve or surrender</quote> campaign of sieges throughout the Syrian conflict, or the campaign of forced displacement and widespread torture, particularly against the Sunni Muslim population of Syria, can be considered systematic and widespread and therefore constitutes crimes against humanity or constitutes genocide as defined in subsection (a) of section 1091 of title 18, United States Code.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCD11F7D2B2E34BDB811978E863E66772"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Whether Iran, Hezbollah, and Iranian-backed militias’ sectarian cleansing campaigns especially in the Damascus suburbs, particularly against the Sunni Muslim population of Syria, can be considered systematic and widespread and therefore constitutes crimes against humanity or constitutes genocide as defined in subsection (a) of section 1091 of title 18, United States Code.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H39316976DC1C4AB7B163CA854BE82D82"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Whether the al-Assad regime’s and the Russian Federation’s intentional targeting of hospitals and relief workers, constitutes a war crime as defined in section 2441 of title 18 of the United States Code.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H163226A59A9348888764EBDA98D2128A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><paragraph id="H581250B10C534232B6E9ED0FC75B8A07"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and make available to the public a report that contains each determination made under subsection (a).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5F00F5E5BE18495A913F0A7C613A2E3C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><subparagraph id="H3641407475254FA2ABF6FDC26FBAD85A"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H98F52927062F4B4ABCB9953A01A436ED"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Public availability of information</header><text>The unclassified portion of such report shall be made available on a publicly available internet website of the Federal Government. </text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HABF4AC7C90D549B18A4E36207B557B22"><enum>202.</enum><header>Assessment of potential effectiveness of and requirements for the establishment of a no-fly zone, safe zones, or a no-bombing zone in Syria</header><subsection id="H4DB56A66EFA04904B583BA9374A02648"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—</text><paragraph id="H56D6C38FE13744F392142A1EF0016FFD"><enum>(1)</enum><text>assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements of the establishment and maintenance of a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria, especially Idlib Province, to protect civilians from continuing al-Assad regime and Russian air strikes, including—</text><subparagraph id="HEFBDFC9C2C144D659B8F902E1302A1FD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the operational and legal requirements for United States and coalition air power to establish a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB7C26F2A3D0C42CCA0BA92D8838FD159"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the impact a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria would have on the protection of civilians, the prevention of a refugee crisis, the removal of the al-Assad regime, and humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEE6046B1A9644250804C821E7B5C4421"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the potential for force contributions from other countries to establish a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H1AE95EF22D37497A8B30BDD06ECAEBC3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements for the establishment of one or more safe zones in Syria for internally displaced persons or for the facilitation of humanitarian assistance, including—</text><subparagraph id="H6BB29A7FBEEB4BF7BEFDBC26CBBC484B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the operational and legal requirements for United States and coalition forces to establish one or more safe zones in Syria;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0D5879796C4A4FA09E50A37EC01591A1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the impact one or more safe zones in Syria would have on humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H02C55C7F78854F13A33AB72A63C8062D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the potential for contributions from other countries and vetted non-state actor partners to establish and maintain one or more safe zones in Syria; and</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDA27ED7BB7BF410DB46318C8923F3AD1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements of the establishment and maintenance of a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria, including—</text><subparagraph id="H3F5788207BFF43AB8E843908CA805D5E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the operational and legal requirements for United States and coalition air power to establish a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB2EC034158F049A788E3A4394FEDB049"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the impact a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria would have on humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD2C6B8276F0F4EFD9DAF3F5261EE8432"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the potential for force contributions from other countries to establish a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2B6E7873B38B42588804E745A117B5E0"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Form</header><paragraph id="H34F19C47EE3A4A05BBC306BC14DAEA9E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H15AD2C16EC094A17956A90E4B95EE7C5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Public availability of information</header><text>The unclassified portion of such report shall be made available on a publicly available internet website of the Federal Government.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H96B63D5AC81A4E0C88FC0A20E840BB17"><enum>203.</enum><header>Report on net worth of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad</header><subsection id="H815B30C74ECE4DCA8D3ACAAF447D5E97"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the estimated net worth and known sources of income of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his family members (including spouse, children, siblings, and paternal and maternal cousins), including assets, investments, other business interests, and relevant beneficial ownership information.</text></subsection><subsection id="H8C838E3C70AE4F16B4F000267C4900EB"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Form</header><paragraph id="H7AFDFB5659754670981687BB91D9EB9D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCADDBF17C3EE4709A53129688205D033"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Public availability of information</header><text>The unclassified portion of such report shall be made available on a publicly available internet website of the Federal Government.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HEB1204DDF6224FCA92C949AB801CC331"><enum>204.</enum><header>Strategy and report for removing the al-Assad regime from power and achieving a transition to a free and democratic Syria</header><subsection id="HD64A2E552B7E4774AA61B4DBEEA462B9"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that there is no solution to the conflict in Syria as long as the regime led by Bashar al-Assad remains in power and that any attempts to rehabilitate the regime through so-called constitutional reform negotiations or allowing Bashar al-Assad to run in elections are unrealistic and doomed to fail.</text></subsection><subsection id="HBD3A2F7D60624001A7D52ABB8717CE02"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Strategy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy for removing the al-Assad regime from power and achieving a transition to a free and democratic Syria. The strategy shall contain the following elements:</text><paragraph id="HBD053DF47143465B918A3E5BDBF89601"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A description of how all elements of power can be utilized to achieve an irreversible political transition in Syria which would remove the al-Assad regime from power, and bring about a free and democratic Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H95B1B72D880C4C8A8B7C2F4450453238"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A description of what steps can be taken to ensure women’s rights, as well as the rights of Christians, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, Turkomen, Alawis, Ismailis, Druze, and other ethnic or religious minorities can be protected in Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC63FC1F1FDEE46E88A7B417651A3ADE3"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A description of how to protect Syrian civilians from aerial bombardment by the al-Assad regime and Russia.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HADCCF5CF71D54A6F95F8FE80FD7BE176"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A description of how economic sanctions can be utilized and enhanced to prevent funding of and normalization with the al-Assad regime especially with regards to senior officials, and business entities of Arab countries which diplomatically recognize the al-Assad regime, including the governments of the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H69E489E40F244A959C3FC5F963DE0266"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A description regarding what steps can be taken to secure the freedom of thousands of political prisoners languishing in the prisons of the al-Assad regime as well as to free detained American hostages including Austin Tice, Majd Kamalmaz, and others, while not trading sanctions relief or diplomatic recognition of the al-Assad regime as ransom for the release of any hostages.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H58DD24F9E0574164A1925FBEED9556CC"><enum>(6)</enum><text>A description about whether United Nations aid to regime held areas in Syria is diverted from civilians and benefits the al-Assad regime, and how such assistance can be discontinued. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE66DA6D65DFA455A9433F79F773DC788"><enum>(7)</enum><text>A description of how Iran and its backed militias especially the Iraqi Badr Corps, Kata’ib Hezbollah, Fatemiyoun, Zainabiyoun, ‘AsaibAhl al-Haq, and others can be removed from Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3978F703564348A084545454E589A330"><enum>(8)</enum><text>A description of what steps can be utilized to bring about a reduction in Russian influence can be curbed in Syria and a withdrawal of Russian forces.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HFFA67C687301433DAC58838C4ABDD560"><enum>(9)</enum><text>A description of what steps can be utilized to ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS, al-Qaeda, and other Salafi-jihadi organizations in Syria.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2FDE10BE22EC4E4787191471CFC5E695"><enum>(10)</enum><text>An assessment of Russian and Iranian influence and objectives in Syria and the potential threat such influence poses to the United States.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA13013A319C24E75ADEF1B23EE03695F"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><paragraph id="H918F6B3D118B4824B1355461D4CCA3FC"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than one year after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and make available to the public a report that contains the strategy required by subsection (a).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4A68FA2F77C14D889B160F617142B34E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form</header><subparagraph id="H5C531756F861422DB78E78BCCC5AB2EF"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex if necessary.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6422FD0A343E47B6B0C2E64C2AD9D792"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Public availability of information</header><text>The unclassified portion of such report shall be made available on a publicly available internet website of the Federal Government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H808CE8889021489893C1F1CB6B854F26"><enum>205.</enum><header>Statement of policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 7402 of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/8791">22 U.S.C. 8791</external-xref> note) is amended is amended to read as follows: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HC5C0F366EAE04E0DA1F324D04ED0DF80" display-inline="no-display-inline"><section id="H2D3BE2137C5D4896A3CC5F88930BCADF"><enum>7402.</enum><header>Statement of policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States—</text><paragraph id="HADF8544FC4924E1BA8BD29689C1038E9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to support the Syrian people in their efforts to remove the regime of Bashar al-Assad from power and bring about a transition to a free and democratic government in Syria existing in peace and security with its neighbors;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD80F194FFA7E48B3BC50A54AC8508692"><enum>(2)</enum><text>that all diplomatic and coercive economic means must be utilized to compel the al-Assad regime to immediately halt the wholesale slaughter of the Syrian people;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA132F397597E409E969BBCA835267788"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to support the human rights of all Syrians, including women and ethnic and religious minorities, to live in peace and dignity in a free and democratic Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HED016840810549339AF5A208596970D7"><enum>(4)</enum><text>that political negotiations regarding the future of Syria or its constitution, including the constitutional committee, must be preceded by an enduring national ceasefire in Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD5F25EA3136A496D8345FE8DBA5D356E"><enum>(5)</enum><text>that safe zones and no-fly zones should be established to protect Syrian civilians in Idlib province from aerial bombardment by the al-Assad regime and the Russian Federation, and to help stem the refugee crisis by allowing Syrian civilians to stay in their homes, and making it easier for Syrian refugees to return home;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7BF663CB2B214242848E6E7A27B9C6AC"><enum>(6)</enum><text>to work toward the withdrawal of all foreign forces in Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H10D26194C2D843C09E2D4ECEF9838F8B"><enum>(7)</enum><text>to reject working with Russia to eject Iranian forces in Syria; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8073454B285A4381A675B94BC758794C"><enum>(8)</enum><text>to end any taxpayer-funded humanitarian assistance to Syria which is diverted by the al-Assad regime to fund its war crimes.</text></paragraph></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="H02F184EA1DB944C7B7F0A98D81DC9DC3"><enum>206.</enum><header>Prohibition against United States recognition of the al-Assad regime in Syria</header><subsection id="HDD9E0F7E2EEE4383A694E3A88EB7959B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Statement of policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States not to recognize any Syrian government led by Bashar al-Assad or the legitimacy of Bashar al-Assad to be President of Syria or ever participate in any future election in Syria or in any Syrian government.</text></subsection><subsection id="HB100AD392A36477986F07728380F858E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text>In accordance with subsection (a), no Federal department or agency may take any action or extend any assistance that implies recognition of Bashar al-Assad or any Syrian government led by Bashar al-Assad, or which supports the participation of Bashar al-Assad in any future election in Syria.</text></subsection></section><section id="H87351B379101413496D89D5F934FFFA4"><enum>207.</enum><header>Report on effect of lifting Iran sanctions on war crimes in Syria</header><subsection id="H30EA121B34D0493E9E728B1BB47B90C8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text><paragraph id="HE4E82F8E9B6A4465B7D7CFD114AD4181"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the maximum pressure campaign carried out by the United States against Iran has reduced the resources available for Iran and the al-Assad regime to carry out war crimes in Syria; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HED3F3248CFF84C76BCFCB4B09B5BE764"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a condition for the lifting of the sanctions that are a part of such maximum pressure campaign should continue to include the demand that Iran ceases its destabilizing activities in Syria and withdraws all of its forces and commanded militias from the country.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE4B180C2F5A84F3F829058353A225E03"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on—</text><paragraph id="HADA716CEDAC24D82B651DAAE5EAD277B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the status of United States bilateral sanctions on Iran;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H05FF535680FD4DE08D51CF9E4B237BFF"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the reimposition and renewed enforcement of secondary sanctions on Iran;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H393B90141C8E477FA71F716CC3258265"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the impact such sanctions have had on Iran’s support to the al-Assad regime in Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDD4734C575124B06BD7D476280DD3003"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the impact that lifting such sanctions would have on Iran’s ability to commit human rights abuses against the people of Syria, including through a detailed description of whether or not lifting such sanctions would increase the resources available for Iran to support gross human rights abuses, including torture, extrajudicial killings, and the killing of protesters in Syria; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0019AEBA45ED472EAC76D314D69FD427"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the impact that lifting such sanctions would have on the funds available for the al-Assad regime to commit gross human rights abuses.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HB39EA9D0025F4A718811AA7941D6B36B"><enum>208.</enum><header>Certification regarding humanitarian aid provided to areas in Syria held by the al-Assad regime</header><subsection id="H1F92C6B2AF3D4E759E45E4FEA4F5C1A5"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall certify to the appropriate congressional committees whether United Nations agency programming, including any program or project, in Syria funded in whole or in part by the United States—</text><paragraph id="H212388437E16472FAD1EF94BECA08538"><enum>(1)</enum><text>is delivered impartially, without hindrance, to the areas of greatest need;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H674E578F471D4DD587A9E91AE66D656C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>does not directly materially support the Government of Syria or entities owned or controlled by the Syrian government, Syrian government officials, their immediate families, or entities under their direction;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H358CD64EE18443C8AAAB136D16CBB687"><enum>(3)</enum><text>does not directly materially support associated forces of the Government of Syria or entities owned or controlled by the Syrian government;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA848A4C94628439DB6E9C22FBF39BE8E"><enum>(4)</enum><text>adheres to the United Nations Supplier Code of Conduct, which states that the United Nations must not support, directly or indirectly, other entities and individuals involved in human rights abuses, and which requires United Nations agencies to secure guarantees from suppliers that <quote>they are not complicit in human rights abuses</quote>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H18D17B59C0CD4DA9B89E16E2A73139F5" commented="no"><enum>(5)</enum><text>is vetted by an independent mechanism that reviews contract procurement in Syrian government-held areas.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1258641D454A4EDA89F85D1C27D8145B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Funding limitation and redirection</header><text>If the Secretary of State makes a certification described in subsection (a) in the negative—</text><paragraph id="H95442AB959034FCBA48F8F6E615F8B44"><enum>(1)</enum><text>no Federal department or agency may provide any funding, directly or indirectly, to any United Nations agency programming, including any program or project, in Syria that fails to meet the criteria of the certification specified in subsection (a); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5EBA733893214A7C8AAFEFD79355EAC9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>amounts made available to the Secretary of State that are withheld from United Nations agency programming, including any program or project, in Syria in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be made available to the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance for providing assistance to populations in Syria in need.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1CA76123B88841D4A9B77493AC410BC1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In this section:</text><paragraph id="HC928DB7DD68E4C698D38C9F0488EA4EE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Appropriate congressional committees</header><text>The term <quote>appropriate congressional committees</quote> means—</text><subparagraph id="HC4C36F67880A43EC963FA7C41CCB8DEB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H42E41D36D4BB49FFB2CD009AB4F30410"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0E5E61B6EBC846D1B715E8523D20A420" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Associated forces</header><text>The term <quote>associated forces</quote> includes forces of the Government of Russia, forces of the Government of Iran, Iranian-backed proxy militias, and Hezbollah.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H062C2A1C4C694493AB5102F7BF0C6F8F"><enum>209.</enum><header>Proclamation authority regarding free Syria economic zones</header><subsection id="H1AAEE6D2CBD94FF7AF42DF5856B3EB7B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of the Congress that—</text><paragraph id="H8963AE53AE164AF29D86DAB98D8C4678"><enum>(1)</enum><text>enhanced trade with areas of Syria that are not under the al-Assad regime’s control could help economically develop such areas, strengthen civil society, and ultimately help achieve a transition to a free and democratic Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H61B172F0821A4E4E9A08B023611479ED"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the President should work to—</text><subparagraph id="H131DA48C6368405FBE8C9DE84C473DA4"><enum>(A)</enum><text>economically integrate areas of Syria that are not under the al-Assad regime’s control, including in both northeast and northwest Syria, in order to promote trade among such areas and with United States allies in the region; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1FC73A943ECE459B931E20DC80F4CA13"><enum>(B)</enum><text>economically reduce the dependence of such areas on the al-Assad regime.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HCD4D1BF120C5439AB1FD62F0122F471E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Elimination or modifications of duties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President is authorized to proclaim elimination or modification of any existing duty as the President determines is necessary to exempt any article from duty if that article is wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of a free Syria economic zone or is a new or different article of commerce that has been grown, produced, or manufactured in a free Syria economic zone.</text></subsection><subsection id="H295F1665F93F4F60A9DD68A326553E73" commented="no"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Waiver of sanctions</header><text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to waive the imposition of sanctions under any provision of law in order to provide for the importation into the United States of any article described in subsection (b) and to exempt such article from duty in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b). </text></subsection><subsection id="HA4F3C34DECFB423980EB9B18FA2D9CDB"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Documentation required</header><text>An article is eligible for the duty exemption under this section only if—</text><paragraph id="HEA8F041A86C54508A1224CC98308FAA2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the importer certifies that the article meets the conditions for the duty exemption; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD654F397DDB541D2A7E0CEF3FF78CC15"><enum>(2)</enum><text>when requested by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the importer, manufacturer, or exporter submits a declaration setting forth all pertinent information with respect to the article, including the following:</text><subparagraph id="H63B984DBC1B54C4782A24D2DE3901B1C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>A description of the article, quantity, numbers, and marks of packages, invoice numbers, and bills of lading.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H289D4DCD4F3D43789FDACD0D5B9D310A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>A description of the operations performed in the production of the article in a free Syria economic zone and identification of the direct costs of processing operations.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEF1D97218FD14B22B4EED7017D631767"><enum>(C)</enum><text>A description of any materials used in production of the article which are wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of free Syria economic zones, and a statement as to the cost or value of such materials.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB1ADDE3FB22244D3A46570E27AE429DE"><enum>(D)</enum><text>A description of the operations performed on, and a statement as to the origin and cost or value of, any foreign materials used in the article which are claimed to have been sufficiently processed in the free Syria economic zone so as to be materials produced in the free Syria economic zone.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6C7D5A72700C4D87941854F233919736"><enum>(E)</enum><text>A description of the origin and cost or value of any foreign materials used in the article which have not been substantially transformed in the free Syria economic zone.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD6E10C1E67BD4847826B57C648516088"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Free Syria economic zone defined</header><text>In this section, the term <quote>free Syria economic zone</quote> means any area that—</text><paragraph id="HD4777B0C04C841D99648B16D428547C5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>encompasses portions of the territory of Syria;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9FC92490B91349A2AF8BE9BE96408B06"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is not under the control of the Government of Syria, the Government of Iran, the Government of Russia, or any organization designated as a foreign terrorist organization under section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/8/1189">8 U.S.C. 1189</external-xref>), including—</text><subparagraph id="HAB81E18CF5F847208AF447A15CC51A6D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS);</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD53424DF1DD44048829B65ECBA24C20C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham; the al-Nusra Front; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFBCA5C7310364936BA600C70CC9E00B6"><enum>(C)</enum><text>Jabhat Fatah al-Sham; and</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HFF48C74CD9BA41C39885F2E9047B059F"><enum>(3)</enum><text>has been specified by the President as a free Syria economic zone.</text></paragraph></subsection></section>