116 HR 7891 IH: Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act
U.S. House of Representatives
2020-07-30
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EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.This Act may be cited as the Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act
.2.The table of contents for this Act is as follows:Sec. 1. Short title.Sec. 2. Table of contents.TITLE I—Data at restSec. 101. Data at rest.TITLE II—Data in motionSec. 201. Assistance.Sec. 202. Capability.Sec. 203. CALEA amendment.TITLE III—Assistance capability directivesSec. 301. Assistance capability directives.TITLE IV—Pen register and trap and trace amendmentsSec. 401. Capability requirements.Sec. 402. Defining technical assistance.TITLE V—FISA amendmentsSec. 501. Electronic surveillance within the United States for foreign intelligence purposes.Sec. 502. Physical searches within the United States for foreign intelligence purposes.Sec. 503. Pen register; trap and trace.Sec. 504. Business records.Sec. 505. Certain acquisitions inside the United States targeting United States persons outside the United States.TITLE VI—Prize competitionSec. 601. Findings.Sec. 602. Definitions.Sec. 603. Prize competition.Sec. 604. Implementation.Sec. 605. Judges.Sec. 606. Report to Congress.Sec. 607. Authorization of appropriations.Sec. 608. Termination of authority.TITLE VII—Lawful access trainingSec. 701. Lawful access training program.Title VIII—Effective dateSec. 801. Effective date.<enum>I</enum><header>Data at rest</header><section id="H86528B034AFA44778FF1BDE35D835835" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>101.</enum><header>Data at rest</header><subsection id="H9E1157DD343D450EBF698C7766F02EFF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/205">Chapter 205</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="USC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H70EC61122C9849379D09FBAB5C0C684E"><section id="HECA8C9E563174AE4937C0D8EB68583BF"><enum>3119.</enum><header>Assistance orders to third parties and capability requirements</header><subsection id="H2E57BB08813348ACBFDE9045CFCC3FBC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section—</text><paragraph id="H7803E2303BF44A79AE6C21F1B2F69517"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the term <term>consumer electronic device</term> means a device that—</text><subparagraph id="H647444B3BE504D9889EC5730CEBB39DE"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may be purchased by a member of the general public; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7673E3DED0054888929C89B9728ADC2E"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">can be configured to store 1 gigabyte of data or more;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDDFBC3E5BBEA403E960F49FEFDE78AE5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the term <term>court of competent jurisdiction</term> means—</text><subparagraph id="H87125AE8F5BD4DC59F9786321DDD07AA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a district court of the United States (including a magistrate judge of such a court) or a United States court of appeals; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H548A60F77F0F4D059A4FCDBEC3AE78B6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a court of general criminal jurisdiction of a State authorized by the law of that State to issue search warrants; </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5CB17C0F6D3A49159AE9B29C72079E5B"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the term <term>device manufacturer</term> means a person who designs, manufactures, fabricates, or assembles a finished consumer electronic device;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H056D9EDC91934147BD03FF6B04188FB3"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the term <term>governmental entity</term> has the meaning given the term in section 2711;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H779F0FACD8A344FC852BF728C11C72D1"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the term <term>operating system provider</term> means a person who designs, markets, or sells software that—</text><subparagraph id="H6AC4ED480DAC439C9F056C458DA8C5EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">controls the operation of a consumer electronic device; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3D85C0830C0E4F4BB5F195836E45A821"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">directs the processing of programs on the consumer electronic device (such as by assigning storage space in memory and controlling input and output functions);</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H3AB47D7AEA6F4E06830D0F53B4392C35"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the term <term>remote computing service</term> has the meaning given the term in section 2711; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2BC07BFB80BA4B78BB6805682865D9ED"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the term <term>State</term> means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBD2F6A0B501E45F7938C37ED4A78F043"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Court order for assistance</header><paragraph id="HDD58EC901F7548CF87332231C7CF56C9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A court of competent jurisdiction, in support of a search warrant based upon probable cause issued by the court that authorizes the search of an electronic device or remotely stored electronic information, shall, upon receiving a motion described in paragraph (3) that states reasonable grounds to believe that the assistance required by the order will aid in the execution of the warrant, order a device manufacturer, an operating system provider, a provider of remote computing service, or another person to furnish all information, facilities, and assistance necessary to access information stored on an electronic device or to access remotely stored electronic information, as authorized by the search warrant.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE8E23A75931141F1BB89F4C7476329BE"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Assistance</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The information, facilities, and assistance ordered to be furnished under paragraph (1) shall include—</text><subparagraph id="H3EEA45ACA93A4668B2879DF02401E983"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">isolating the information authorized to be searched;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE7D14C4734D14120A8E5538081F8BAE6"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decrypting or decoding information on the electronic device or remotely stored electronic information that is authorized to be searched, or otherwise providing such information in an intelligible format, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC902175EE532415B9C0BBF3F0F34FF94"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">providing technical support as necessary to ensure effective execution of the warrant for the electronic devices particularly described by the warrant.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD7C5557C9D7B4E68999356EB9433FCED"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Motion</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">An attorney for a governmental entity may move that the court issue an order under this subsection—</text><subparagraph id="H34B063CE2CE441F8A0914673AB5E46F9"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">after a search warrant that authorizes the search of an electronic device or remotely stored electronic information has been issued; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5F6893028CFA47C6A1C5E85284B3651B"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">concurrently with an application for a search warrant described in subparagraph (A).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0EF9AB1739944A13A1C416A7FB41A062"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Compensation and exemption from liability</header><subparagraph id="H364FF26DAE1C4247834144FE888F9472"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subparagraph (B), a device manufacturer, operating system provider, provider of remote computing service, or other person furnishing information, facilities, or assistance pursuant to an order issued under this subsection—</text><clause id="H80DDFDAADEE84C2DB460CE73163193CA"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall be compensated for reasonable expenses directly incurred in complying with the order; and</text></clause><clause id="H66BEA9344A244436996107F3F56176CA"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may not be held civilly liable to any party for any action taken that is reasonably necessary to comply with the order.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1D1E3F21989B4C32958E8E5527B4EFA7"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reasonable expenses under subparagraph (A) may not exceed $300.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC478E7B195ED42ADBD315DED29FABE8A"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Capability To assist</header><paragraph id="H8D0CDB31254948639E8613A106B48BDA"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Device manufacturers</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A device manufacturer that sold more than 1,000,000 consumer electronic devices in the United States in 2016 or any calendar year thereafter, or that has received an assistance capability directive under section 3513, shall ensure that the manufacturer has the ability to provide the assistance described in subsection (b)(2) for any consumer electronic device that the manufacturer—</text><subparagraph id="H9595F3C5D52142899599E12BE7DF7E54"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">designs, manufactures, fabricates, or assembles; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H469C3E3FFCD6422CA01FA0E376A2AC8D"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">intends for sale or distribution in the United States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H35E3B5EE759643AE99BEEAADEDCF77BB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Providers of remote computing service; operating system providers</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A provider of remote computing service or operating system provider that provided service to more than 1,000,000 subscribers or users in the United States in 2016 or any calendar year thereafter, or that has received an assistance capability directive under section 3513, shall ensure that the provider has the ability to provide the assistance described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(2) for any remotely stored data that the provider processes or stores.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1BFD824D493E44709ADE5D015AC8E093"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Contracting authorized</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A device manufacturer, provider of remote computing service, or operating system provider may satisfy the obligations under this subsection by contracting with any other United States person or entity to provide the required assistance.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5E5876DDE11643A8AEFCBDCDE1CB3902"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Costs</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A device manufacturer, provider of remote computing service, or operating system provider to which this subsection applies shall bear the costs associated with the development of the capability required under this subsection, including any contracting costs incurred by the device manufacturer, provider of remote computing service, or operating system provider under paragraph (3), unless the manufacturer or provider has received an assistance capability directive under section 3513.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HD05B3CF3E9CC4F51AF9C61B01CC2FC56"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Technical and conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/205">chapter 205</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB5569726F65C4FF3853E34BB0C4B9A04"><toc><toc-entry level="section" bold="off">3119. Assistance orders to third parties and capability requirements.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H743D6080F3254D428D3C43A5304CA779"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Applicability</header><text>The obligation under section 3119(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to a consumer electronic device manufactured on or after the effective date in section 801 of this Act.</text></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Data in motion</header><section id="H8D2533E6D74E44A2AC049571DCA1C454" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>201.</enum><header>Assistance</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 2518(4) of title 18, United States Code, is amended, in the undesignated matter following paragraph (e), by striking <quote>with a minimum of interference with the services that such service provider, landlord, custodian, or person is according the person whose communications are to be intercepted. Any provider of wire or electronic communication service, landlord, custodian or other person furnishing such facilities or technical assistance shall be compensated therefor by the applicant for reasonable expenses incurred in providing such facilities or assistance.</quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block id="H1A613B207C46420D9ADB21790ED78C1F" display-inline="yes-display-inline" style="OLC"><text>in a manner designed to uphold the nondisclosure obligations under section 2511(2)(a)(ii).</text><quoted-block-continuation-text quoted-block-continuation-text-level="subsection">Such furnishing of information, facilities, and technical assistance shall include— </quoted-block-continuation-text><clause id="H5CFBE315D99B4ACD82775189D9B52829"><enum>(i)</enum><text>isolating all communications authorized to be intercepted;</text></clause><clause id="H1757768F982B41F4A52B7779CF1B9EA1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the communications authorized to be intercepted, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></clause><clause id="H95E56BC2C0464CFBB2F00E5A6D36EF70" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>delivering all communications authorized to be intercepted securely, reliably, and concurrently with their transmission.</text></clause><quoted-block-continuation-text quoted-block-continuation-text-level="subsection">Any provider of wire or electronic communication service, landlord, custodian, or other person furnishing such information, facilities, or technical assistance shall be compensated therefor by the applicant for reasonable expenses directly incurred in providing such information, facilities, or assistance.</quoted-block-continuation-text><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="H2878B28A9D2B4ACEBF355F100D3A7EF4"><enum>202.</enum><header>Capability</header><subsection id="HD36CDD7EF29148D4B2D723400B558FE3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/119">Chapter 119</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="USC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HCAFD39E0D3C242C8AABF1C66C06B5837"><section id="H3BED2189650E47349CAA31E9095A8E74"><enum>2524.</enum><header>Capability requirements</header><subsection id="H5987E9C0BD7042DBAF0A9C02D3BB3061"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A provider of wire or electronic communication service that had more than 1,000,000 monthly active users in the United States in January 2016 or any month thereafter, or has received an assistance capability directive under section 3513, shall ensure that the provider has the ability to provide the information, facilities, and technical assistance described in section 2518(4).</text></subsection><subsection id="H0F3178F599EE4F0FB1EB2EB2A970CDDA"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Calculation of monthly active users</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes of subsection (a), the number of monthly active users of a wire or electronic communication service shall be calculated by taking the average of the number of individual users or subscribers of the service that are active per month in any calendar year.</text></subsection><subsection id="H03E0AAC41B4F4F7382B361F3F54FA513"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Costs</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A provider of wire or electronic communication service to which subsection (a) applies shall bear any costs associated with the development of the capability required under that subsection, unless the provider has received an assistance capability directive under section 3513.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H1EB950D927984421BC5F634CEB279547"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Technical and conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/119">chapter 119</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H818ACDCF79364975AF15782A38DE7C33"><toc><toc-entry level="section" bold="off">2524. Capability requirements.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="H97949B64216E48D398D794537446797F"><enum>203.</enum><header>CALEA amendment</header><subsection id="HA976BE3D974D4A64BD29BE305153E0DD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 103(b)(3) of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/47/1002">47 U.S.C. 1002(b)(3)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H874A3F48DCB1402CA776BD8C1B01777E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>, or ensuring the government’s ability to decrypt,</quote>;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6BD4C1438540447C8A1246F08C72EB20"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by striking <quote>the encryption was provided</quote> and inserting <quote>the means of encryption or other encoding was implemented by or facilitated</quote>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB53D4D71647547B6A78C9F08036D3945"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by striking <quote>and the carrier possesses the information necessary to decrypt the communication</quote>.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Assistance capability directives</header><section id="HEE62D208D61E4FBCA99A1DE36F1F3AD1" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>301.</enum><header>Assistance capability directives</header><subsection id="HD244D7ACC6C4450D895F7C8F3F93657B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/223">Chapter 223</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="USC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE1229C76B1CF47FAA0877FD922942546"><section id="H6E627603FE3A475AA4702BA37B6A1085"><enum>3513.</enum><header>Assistance capability directives</header><subsection id="HE57E7FF0F3D244A1AEEDD39D2EF511DF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The definitions in sections 2510 and 3119 shall apply to this section.</text></subsection><subsection id="HB02316F2BA79429CBC61328309D0E24E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents of directives and procedure for issuing</header><paragraph id="H707D4E868E1749339B3CFAFFDB26FD9B"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Authority</header><subparagraph id="HD464387B38314E7598E465A4939939B9"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Attorney General makes the applicable finding with respect to a person under paragraph (3), the Attorney General may direct the person to create or maintain any of the assistance capabilities described in section 2518, 2524, 3119, 3127, or 3128.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC54042CD69974D9C86407B35C2C0C996"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Written directive</header><text>A directive issued under subparagraph (A) shall be in writing.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDA5919209FF0498391366D4A90E6A6BC"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Required reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 30 days after the date on which a person receives a directive from the Attorney General under paragraph (1), the person shall report to the Attorney General, or a designee of the Attorney General, on, at a minimum—</text><subparagraph id="H00BED9061105458D8FF4A8DE1F3658CF"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any technical capabilities that the person knows or expects to be necessary to implement and comply with an anticipated court order or other lawful authorization under section 2518, 3119, or 3123; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBC90927DA7C9421DB5995830B93F0371"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the timeline of the person for developing and deploying the technical capabilities described in subparagraph (A).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA7D41212220341A0A8EC0BB9F41D1EA4"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Attorney General may issue a directive to a person under paragraph (1) only if the Attorney General finds—</text><subparagraph id="H103ADB3B3DDA44C3B161BB85E1E4B093"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in the case of assistance capabilities described in section 2518, 2524, or 3128 that during the preceding calendar year, communications occurring over services the person offers, provides, or has access to were subject to not fewer than 5 court orders issued under—</text><clause id="H7552BE2CCB364DAAA50235C7418DA909"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">chapter 119 of this title; or</text></clause><clause id="H356593745B6241E58449484A7436AEBC"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1801">50 U.S.C. 1801</external-xref> et seq.); or</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2F65C467D66447A4835DDE7E6B34B0D4"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in the case of assistance capabilities described in section 3119, that, during the preceding calendar year, data stored in any device, service, or operating system sold or licensed by the person was subject to not fewer than 5 Federal or State search warrants.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8B8BFF85768F436984408BC815FA53AD"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Release from liability</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">No civil cause of action shall lie in any court against a person who receives a directive under paragraph (1) for any action or omission reasonably necessary to comply with the directive.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H01C6A49268394F5A884D9491D4A7AE34"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Effective date and expiration date of directives</header><subparagraph id="H1F83F35B35774B83BDE242AF58CC6A8D"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subparagraph (B), a directive issued under paragraph (1) shall contain—</text><clause id="H7137D17213D546B9856183F23954DBE7"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a date on which the directive takes effect; and</text></clause><clause id="HE78F3B205E034C419CD904205461B01E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a date when the directive expires.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDDBDBFFD2F4741FCBD2C81B415B6836C"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Limits</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A directive issued under paragraph (1) may not—</text><clause id="H0EC8F49EE2B64733BBCEA43730C49CE5"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">take effect earlier than 180 days after the date on which the directive is issued; or</text></clause><clause id="H43BCF42028E6450E8DBA579A67CB1B0A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">expire later than 2 years after the date on which the directive takes effect.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H46C90D2C8D9348FDB2F73BC218B47232"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 30 days after the date on which a directive issued under paragraph (1) takes effect, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a copy of the directive.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8E2C14F03B124D3F8D3847E25CCFA4FD"><enum>(7)</enum><header>No technical demands</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A directive issued to a person under paragraph (1) may not specify technical means by which the person is required to implement the required capabilities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7382257EE4754C2D938872B4F2F27822"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Challenges of directives and appeal</header><paragraph id="H90FB7DA016304BAEBC23887F6BD4C94F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Petition</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Attorney General issues a directive to a person under subsection (b), the person may file a petition to modify or set aside the directive in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H363BC7A95A1B4C828CD4747E1287D0C2"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Consideration of petition</header><subparagraph id="H51BEC1909177406BAE9EF45CACFAC799"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Grant</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The court may grant a petition filed under paragraph (1) only if—</text><clause id="H392425D1F0FA4F2F9E439C67262C82F2"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the directive does not meet the requirements of this section;</text></clause><clause id="H32996C85BEBE4DF89E2C53DB7802AF01"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the person filing the petition demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that it is technically impossible for the person to make any change to the way the hardware, software, or other property of the person behaves in order to comply with the directive; or</text></clause><clause id="H52C12353C924423E87A50BB13156A60F"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the directive is otherwise unlawful.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB9BD6969B500425BA998209A58C3DD96"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Denial</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If none of the bases for granting a petition under subparagraph (A) are met, the court shall deny the petition.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAB8CCBF9E6094812BD0D6976704ED46F"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Ex parte review</header><clause id="H9AC39B374C354A9EB47DD4C278C593AA"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In considering a petition filed under paragraph (1), the court may review any information that the Attorney General, upon filing an affidavit under oath that disclosure of the information would harm the national security of the United States or harm the enforcement of criminal law, chooses to provide to the court solely for ex parte review.</text></clause><clause id="HC31CA4E928DD453C9FB65444050E77FF"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>No waiver of privilege</header><text>The exercise of the authority under clause (i) does not waive any applicable privilege.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF2980AD206974CE196C34D9334E889AB"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Initial review</header><subparagraph id="HD00D7F16395E41C4B7C6E4D94E9F993C"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Deadline</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 30 days after the date on which a petition is filed under paragraph (1), the court shall conduct an initial review of the petition.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2843A5094B7E4760845A437F494302CF"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Review</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the court determines that the petition does not consist of claims, defenses, or other legal contentions that are warranted by existing law or by a non-frivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law or for establishing new law, the court shall immediately—</text><clause id="H46E1FB8176C84F5F8170AD7F73709321"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">deny the petition;</text></clause><clause id="H396E05E04770425DB186A549D63DA9AD"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">affirm the directive or any part of the directive that is the subject of the petition; and</text></clause><clause id="H8423578B4DB349D986D7E0CF2664FEF4"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">order the recipient to comply with the directive or part thereof.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCEBC54F7155A47A495B84DF128948329"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Written statement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Upon making a determination under subparagraph (B) or promptly thereafter, the court shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HE1CD96A1489B417583914C8A7E4A981A"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Plenary review</header><subparagraph id="H4C970B6BD2944BB98897F2214EC211EA"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Deadline</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the court determines that a petition filed under paragraph (1) requires plenary review—</text><clause id="H9A9FB2E88D8548AB9DA493A4A8B4E6CB"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">not later than 60 days after the petition is filed, the court shall affirm, modify, or set aside the directive that is the subject of the petition; or</text></clause><clause id="H50B4D5AC07774E5AB0A9A3E04DC52C0B"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">if the court does not set aside the directive by the date specified under clause (i), the court shall immediately, or in any event not later than 5 days thereafter—</text><subclause id="H4FD09660126947D39AD9F87C974196F0"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">affirm or affirm with modifications the directive; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HAC4A250F31F74D868D454AFCFF969259"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">order the person who received the directive to comply with the directive in its entirety or as modified.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H988AC15FBAF7422181C758E614815132"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Written statement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Upon making a determination under subparagraph (A) or promptly thereafter, the court shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H44E35ABFC0A646B097F141287596CBC7"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Appeals</header><subparagraph id="HA263530B9E2A45DB9950680A906214BC"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Right of appeal</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Attorney General or a person who receives a directive under subsection (b) may appeal a final order of the district court under this subsection not later than 30 days after entry of the order.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H371E4ED83CD24348B76596D29351F2DE"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Procedure</header><text>The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit shall expedite the consideration of any appeal brought under this paragraph, and the expense or effort required to comply with a directive issued under subsection (b) shall not be a basis for staying a final order of the district court under this subsection pending appeal.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H27CE4873581D4F66A235D567DB0D51C1"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Enforcement of directives</header><paragraph id="H6750B3C8F7D64042AAE9C9EBE45F8293"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Failure to comply</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If a person fails to comply with a directive issued under subsection (b), the Attorney General may file a petition for an order to compel the person to comply with the directive in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, which shall have jurisdiction to review the petition.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB9406434BC954D5DB30CEE8AF6671905"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Ex parte review</header><subparagraph id="H746BB8A9136B473BACD663238BD52BB9"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In considering a petition filed under paragraph (1), the court may review any information that the Attorney General, upon filing an affidavit under oath that disclosure of the information would harm the national security of the United States or harm the enforcement of criminal law, chooses to provide to the court solely for ex parte review.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H156C7C5A54714A928CFBBFC8CBE65C30"><enum>(B)</enum><header>No waiver of privilege</header><text>The exercise of the authority under subparagraph (A) does not waive any applicable privilege. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HEDD7C3027A0E4FD4B77B84C3DC411816"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Order to comply</header><subparagraph id="H00E4E1E24DAE4305A3C6A53D4BE6D719"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 30 days after a petition is filed under paragraph (1), the court shall issue an order requiring the person to comply with the directive or any part of the directive, as issued or as modified, if the court finds that the directive meets the requirements of this section and is otherwise lawful.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H656AD80FC3484942A67383D02F1F351E"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Written statement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Upon making a determination under subparagraph (A) or promptly thereafter, the court shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF035A37CFD7E4A2CAE6B7B5292522369"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Penalty</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Failure to obey an order issued under paragraph (3) shall constitute contempt of court.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H574D8E34DE554DD5B1346FFE8115F060"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Process</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any process under this subsection may be served in any judicial district in which the recipient may be found or does business.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H493116512504457281A87E40BF1DCE33"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Appeals</header><subparagraph id="H8109163D66434FE4B7CF6E9CB0FD5A6E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Right of appeal</header><text>The Attorney General or a person who receives a directive under subsection (b) may appeal a final order of the district court under this subsection not later than 30 days after entry of the order.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H39D99FF38F2D4B8A9984ABAB9BB11172"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Procedure</header><text>The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit shall expedite the consideration of any appeal brought under this paragraph, and the expense or effort required to comply with a directive issued under subsection (b) shall not be a basis for staying a final order of the district court order under this subsection pending appeal.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H3595A86C1EDA47E38B8C8CDE390E9C3D"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Cost reimbursement</header><paragraph id="H0214297764314AEAA96D2D12E242E620"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to paragraph (3), a person who receives a directive under subsection (b) shall be compensated therefor by the United States for reasonable expenses directly incurred in complying with the directive.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE67896AF05574E23986821AABF848293"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Amount</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The amount of compensation provided under paragraph (1)—</text><subparagraph id="H26638A37B1B3429DB4E5474589CADC0C"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall be mutually agreed upon by the Attorney General and the person complying with the directive; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4C4FFAA291B442F5A1FC24DE31CC5BC8"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in the absence of an agreement under subparagraph (A), shall be determined by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H1692B56F8F644FFFA46B466F44E56151"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Technical and conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/223">chapter 223</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HDF198F2327234B07B0184166F36B155F"><toc><toc-entry level="section" bold="off">3513. Assistance capability directives.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Pen register and trap and trace amendments</header><section id="H747B2B7EEEF6410095D9790EB242B440" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>401.</enum><header>Capability requirements</header><subsection id="HC69C50B9F1154FD4A7DE0C7C661B9477"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/206">Chapter 206</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="USC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE6062383FC7649E1A5E2F4D0CDF12198"><section id="HB460AC6DCADF407AA272418F082950A4"><enum>3128.</enum><header>Capability requirements</header><subsection id="H0E56560517344A3D86A017D90965AD55"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Pen register capability</header><paragraph id="H09C311334F774C459F6FDC5F5B3BE357"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A wire or electronic communication service provider that had more than 1,000,000 monthly active users in the United States in January 2016 or any month thereafter shall ensure that the provider has the ability to provide the information described in paragraphs (3) and (7) of section 3127 directly to law enforcement agencies in an intelligible format unobtrusively and in a manner designed to uphold the nondisclosure obligations under section 3123(d)(2).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H23E3A57847EC48B6A1CDB28FB5141D8D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Calculation of monthly active users</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes of paragraph (1), the number of monthly active users of a wire or electronic communication service shall be calculated by taking the average of the number of individual users or subscribers of the service that are active per month in any calendar year.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF398F64612664B77A56DA6E5F64CA380"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Trap and trace capability</header><paragraph id="HCD6CC751434A4DD3A2F45767EEA2DEA2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A provider of wire or electronic communication service that had more than 1,000,000 monthly users in the United States in January 2016 or any month thereafter shall ensure that the provider has the ability to provide the information described in paragraphs (4) and (7) of section 3127 directly to law enforcement agencies in an intelligible format unobtrusively and in a manner designed to uphold the nondisclosure obligations under section 3123(d)(2).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAA6CE6314BF34BA9B642449F1859E108"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Calculation of monthly active users</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes of paragraph (1), the number of monthly active users of a wire or electronic communication service shall be calculated by taking the average of the number of individual users or subscribers of the service that are active per month in any calendar year.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H17C9BFB653E543A584296FB0DD517FCB"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Compensation</header><paragraph id="H4A16C042E6AB405A8DB9BFBB1DE14150"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to paragraph (2), a provider of wire or electronic communication service that provides the information described in paragraph (3), (4), or (7) of section 3127 directly to a law enforcement agency shall be compensated for reasonable expenses directly incurred in providing the information.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H45C076454FEF4044A91BDD15690EB089"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reasonable expenses under paragraph (1) may not exceed $150.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HABC573420D924CE9BD9DE75402F4EF63"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Technical and conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/18/206">chapter 206</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H93192668F85744E580712E71E7CF927E"><toc><toc-entry level="section" bold="off">3128. Capability requirements.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="H468B1B42BFFC4117834BBF3EB80BC926" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>402.</enum><header>Defining technical assistance</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 3127 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text><paragraph id="HBFED3420F77F4186A797015BFC77506E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (5), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE9CC970D83E240BFA8CA41B7358B1814"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and inserting <quote>; and</quote>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB2F3CCAFFAD84C01808BE4C9D7964730"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block id="H08A6D135718348C2B6078D361A163AAC" display-inline="no-display-inline" style="OLC"><paragraph id="H0A052E9EF05747F09B13E320E44ABD26"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the term <term>technical assistance</term> includes—</text><subparagraph id="HC0D0084E9047461C9EF89F91F5890641"><enum>(A)</enum><text>isolating all dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5CABC730CE2B42DCBCB268697CD64E0E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3693D877BDE145B3B7996DFD9CA17D2C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>delivering all dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired securely, reliably, and concurrently with its transmission.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></section><enum>V</enum><header>FISA amendments</header><section id="HCC5AA65787C642FBA2A3B021F5488554" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>501.</enum><header>Electronic surveillance within the United States for foreign intelligence purposes</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1801">50 U.S.C. 1801</external-xref> et seq.) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H6B1875B737E948658FB3589EE04E83BE"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in section 101 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1801">50 U.S.C. 1801</external-xref>), by adding at the end the following: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H9284A4207CB34810B2BADD3E75CE0828"><subsection id="H70F1C6C85F594706A72AD9C9722DEE1E"><enum>(q)</enum><text><term>Technical assistance</term> includes—</text><paragraph id="HD35CD869FDB14E5FB0FBC215FA1F8FAE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>isolating all communications or information authorized to be acquired;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HFE378BEECB0F4DB0B33CECA8F6D06009"><enum>(2)</enum><text>decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the communications or information authorized to be acquired, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB485C0B1A0FB44D49A2796B34A9CE746"><enum>(3)</enum><text>delivering all communications or information authorized to be acquired securely, reliably, and concurrently with their transmission.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="HA2ADD61D68A14269B33CFFFF15D4DCAB"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in section 105(c)(2)(B), by striking <quote>produce a minimum of interference with the services that such carrier, landlord, custodian, or other person is providing that target of electronic surveillance</quote> and inserting <quote>in a manner designed to minimize the possibility of alerting the target whose communications are to be intercepted</quote>.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H6F04A3727B434E4EB7E6D6A0EE78116E"><enum>502.</enum><header>Physical searches within the United States for foreign intelligence purposes</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"> Title III of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1821">50 U.S.C. 1821</external-xref> et seq.) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H81569E13FA3440F6955AEA224ED2D21B"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in section 301 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1821">50 U.S.C. 1821</external-xref>), by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HD05C17D0E2EA421A856E61A64EBC7572"><paragraph id="HE7EEB951F8F94054BB1EC323D3CBB7FB"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><term>Assistance</term> includes—</text><subparagraph id="H4F574F71BEA8419D98EEB2F45219FD0F"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">isolating all information, material, or property to be seized, reproduced, or altered; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6F0AA9C44E764CEE994204B0F14B3FA3"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the information, material, or property to be seized, reproduced, or altered, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF840B1DFE1B549F88083C0CDAB6A3059"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">providing technical support as necessary to ensure effective execution of an order under this title.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H2D3DDB8C04FA43A69A1A26682DAD96E9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in section 304(c)(2)(B) (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1824">50 U.S.C. 1824(c)(2)(B)</external-xref>), by striking <quote>produce a minimum of interference with the services that such landlord, custodian, or other person is providing the target of the physical search</quote> and inserting <quote>in a manner designed to minimize the possibility of alerting the target of the physical search</quote>.</text></paragraph></section><section id="HB437637726F14ED8B383EDCFB6103659"><enum>503.</enum><header>Pen register; trap and trace</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"> Section 401 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1841">50 U.S.C. 1841</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HDCF100B367E34E4CA8C06AD0C10D8ADB"><paragraph id="H417DBA301E664D7BB2B38F06DB9889F9"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>technical assistance</term> includes—</text><subparagraph id="H45613B9C426D4CC98F375103C833A8BA"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">isolating all dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEC50C63D7DF24CEC8721D43541A419FB"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H77E341B1D7424DBFA22925F023430B6D"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">delivering all dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information authorized to be acquired securely, reliably, and concurrently with its transmission.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="H8D88E3B4F90C469EACFCBF70C68392B1"><enum>504.</enum><header>Business records</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"> Section 501(k) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1861">50 U.S.C. 1861(k)</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H1E6BD0C515B14BED88D44959598EFA45"><paragraph id="H6D464CEF7A9C4C06A7C3909AA45C7127"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Technical assistance</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>technical assistance</term> includes—</text><subparagraph id="HE252398896E040F58D41EAB8805C902F"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">isolating the tangible things (including call detail records) required to be produced;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDBC97C5EEB0B4C76A64938766BF5EE11"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the tangible things required to be produced, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEC2AC3C3562E4882B74B63FAA9D01B51"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">delivering all tangible things required to be produced securely, reliably, and no later than the date on which an order under this title requires their production.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="H0224E278EA824F888B74B48D3043A559"><enum>505.</enum><header>Certain acquisitions inside the United States targeting United States persons outside the United States</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"> Section 703 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1881b">50 U.S.C. 1881b</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H448214A307C2498A96A8F27532482DD4"><subsection id="H8D18DBBD337B4C0FAF4636F82D8F9BDC"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Assistance defined</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"> For purposes of this section, the term <term>assistance</term> includes—</text><paragraph id="HA38B6BDFB4BA4EA8A30D2EAC4C8E47A3"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">isolating all communications or information authorized to be acquired;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF5F181DC4F7C4C14B82479179D6604AE"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decrypting, decoding, or otherwise providing in an intelligible format the communications or information authorized to be acquired, unless the independent actions of an unaffiliated entity make it technically impossible to do so;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8E38C7551D2342DC9ECF5C5A1318B0F7"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">delivering the communications or information authorized to be acquired securely, reliably, and concurrently with their transmission; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H31AB2FDF47784A3BB615A9193C40537A"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">providing technical support as necessary to ensure effective execution of an order under this section.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><enum>VI</enum><header>Prize competition</header><section id="H63C62443816E4DD6B0631E5C35F803CF"><enum>601.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text><paragraph id="HBAF39D772B8E4BE4AFB3B05BCBA54E85"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The rapidly growing use of warrant-proof encryption in everyday devices, platforms, and systems allows illegal actors engaged in dangerous criminal activity—including child sexual abuse, terrorism, and international narcotics trafficking—to use encryption to shield their illicit activities from authorities. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H87F62DCABD674B81AF711950E4BF9A75"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Because of warrant-proof encryption, the government often cannot obtain the electronic evidence and intelligence necessary to investigate and prosecute threats to public safety and national security, even with a warrant or court order. This provides a <quote>lawless space</quote> that criminals, terrorists, and other bad actors can exploit for their nefarious ends.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HFBC10D493E364A2E8D87E6045A40E6F0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Many service providers, device manufacturers, and application developers who use encryption fail to implement technology that would allow the government to obtain electronic evidence necessary to investigate and prosecute threats to public safety and national security.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7811140514FF4A51A1AC5E5831E531EA"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States strikes a balance between the individual citizen’s reasonable expectation of privacy on one hand, and on the other, the legitimate need for the government to gain access to the most intimate spaces in citizens’ lives in order to protect the public from criminal actors.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1014DC868C0D4539BB1010AC7BDA2FEA"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The Framers of the Constitution provided specific barriers to government intrusion into the individual’s private, intimate space—namely, that the government must show by probable cause that evidence of a crime exists in that intimate space, and must have a neutral magistrate, detached from the law enforcement interest, approve law enforcement’s request and issue a warrant.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H70DE98414E1147C880274E63336B94C0"><enum>(6)</enum><text>Once the government satisfies the burden of showing probable cause to a neutral magistrate, the government is entitled to search and seize evidence of a crime in an individual’s private space.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H133A0909351740A3AAF8E9D04351709F"><enum>(7)</enum><text>That careful balancing of interests established by the Framers has continued to be calibrated throughout the history of the United States as different challenges have arisen, including, most notably, technological advances in daily life. For example, Congress has imposed additional statutory requirements that the government must meet and that a judge must find satisfied before a court can authorize interception of communications. But the individual’s right to privacy has never been absolute.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF359E838C79245109AFC24B0C7A302DF"><enum>(8)</enum><text>If not addressed, criminal anonymity actuated by end-to-end encryption technology will continue to pose a serious risk to the public.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC9B60834412046D781E22F27E0FE4518"><enum>(9)</enum><text>Nevertheless, advances in technology continue without due consideration of issues of lawful access.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H84B42A95C6294A78A72B69D6A23E0FE4"><enum>(10)</enum><text>Moreover, very little, if any, resources from the private sector or from educational and research institutions are devoted to finding technological solutions to providing lawful access within different encrypted technological platforms.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDDE469F428EA4DD48A3A8F0DE3DF1FBB"><enum>(11)</enum><text>More resources should be devoted to incentivizing the best minds in the United States to research the issues described in this section and decide how to best provide the most secure products and services to customers while also providing law enforcement access to information the government needs to investigate criminals seeking to do the public harm and to protect national security.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H79A3709546A640A3AF6A0724EC999078"><enum>602.</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In this title:</text><paragraph id="H312D7B2BEA3A4914BB7EE13F5118B444"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Applicant</header><text>The term <term>applicant</term> means an individual, group of individuals, organization, nonprofit, or university that applies to participate in the prize competition under this title.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H12779C7598F940E9B2AE9DB7F8972DC7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Appropriate congressional committees</header><text>The term <term>appropriate congressional committees</term> means the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCC2A13DA8BB743C181AC8DC0EF967237"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Attorney General</header><text>Except as otherwise provided, the term <term>Attorney General</term> means the Attorney General, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Justice.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEB9593E4198A42758E3D8D29E4A90248"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Prize</header><text>The term <term>prize</term> means a cash prize.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H71F7F71AABEA4E5B974999909B60A734"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Prize competition</header><text>The term <term>prize competition</term> means the prize competition established under section 603.</text></paragraph></section><section id="HAC09A9C4400D41ED85C3F52C09B75E81"><enum>603.</enum><header>Prize competition</header><subsection id="HB040009206AE4F8CB1CA1F663986294D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall, subject to the availability of funds appropriated under this title, establish in accordance with section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/3719">15 U.S.C. 3719</external-xref>) a prize competition—</text><paragraph id="H600D893EEF364803BD3B5C8484E6FCCB"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to incentivize and encourage research and innovation into solutions providing law enforcement access to encrypted data pursuant to legal process; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H18DC099DCD0E4A04AC4FF96C9496AAC1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to award one or more prizes, not later than 1 year after the establishment of the prize competition, for technological solutions that provide law enforcement access to encrypted data pursuant to legal process.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBEF960823CCB4F71851D69D4295C582D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Requirements</header><text>Technological solutions described in subsection (a)(2) shall include—</text><paragraph id="HA4223D72BD0E443E8AC169E99AC74ADD"><enum>(1)</enum><text>providing maximum security for the device, platform, or system, consistent with the lawful access solution, to reduce the opportunity for unlawful hacking; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H70F2EC01F7F7453C8FF8AE27DEAAD7FB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>reducing or eliminating broad surveillance capabilities not targeted at specified facilities or individuals pursuant to a warrant or order within the lawful access solution.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC527EA52E7814565B71BF3BE336CCCAC"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Eligibility</header><paragraph id="H47B68A224F89493AAE28EC03809E97EF"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>To be eligible to win a prize under the prize competition, an applicant—</text><subparagraph id="H9E40BC4A15E343BA8A2DF151B2B710EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>shall have complied with—</text><clause id="H335D8EF89C1F4AD0BABDE2CEEFAA0465"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the requirements of the competition as described in the announcement for the competition; and</text></clause><clause id="H6B1142118CC44F3484C2756B351B1890"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>subsections (g), (h), and (i) of section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/3719">15 U.S.C. 3719</external-xref>) (relating to eligibility);</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA036BA3BE02D4B8697AEBA099F681955"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in the case of a private entity, shall be incorporated in the United States and maintain a primary place of business in the United States; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9B123BC3FB404A0B945B2C27E1FB3C58"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in the case of an individual, whether participating singly or in a group, shall be a citizen of, or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in, the United States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCD31C433CEAE44C594F03B8BD5B70B4A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Exclusions</header><text>The following entities and individuals shall not be eligible to win a prize under the prize competition:</text><subparagraph id="H67A043B5F596401C976BB5E6BF3687D7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>A Federal entity.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7784B26556CD49AC9E80C2403D821C68"><enum>(B)</enum><text>A Federal employee acting within the scope of employment.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBF6FCFBE3EF14898B5748B7CBD5FE8B9"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Prioritization</header><text>In selecting the winner or winners of the prize competition, the Attorney General shall give priority to projects that—</text><paragraph id="H264B6AAC6DB24A0AADAB9C7590E8F44D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>incorporate a robust proof of concept model demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed technology achieving the intended goals of the competition as described in paragraph (a); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H414CB822AB99493AB7E14764BC315B0A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>include a strategy, submitted with the application or proposal, to move the new technology, hardware, or other processes to market-scale deployment.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H6C1EFD2F4B764A6082AA362F2DCCF08F"><enum>604.</enum><header>Implementation</header><subsection id="HE47D9E0BFADB479A856D58FFDC9635EF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Duties</header><text>In implementing the prize competition, the Attorney General shall—</text><paragraph id="H7A0F7601922247AF9DB58F6860D49BC4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>advertise the prize competition;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD8D7F3521CBA46089609FA1FCB9897DE"><enum>(2)</enum><text>solicit participants;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAF5E905CAC6445B4A6A17AC26EAB2F12" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>use amounts made available under section 607(a)—</text><subparagraph id="HEE1AD97770784440A635187E10CE0079" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to administer the prize competition; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD1BE513B0B1C4521B2F7F8533CE4E4BB" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to award one or more prizes;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H83A7E25DEAD44F0D97EAB47B17C026E2"><enum>(4)</enum><text>develop criteria for the selection of winners;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE49B696364A74743A15BA74775BCDD4F"><enum>(5)</enum><text>select judges under section 605 based on criteria developed by the Attorney General;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF9CD49F75DA948FF80242DC6945C08E8"><enum>(6)</enum><text>announce, and award a prize to, one or more winners;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H14872FD023CC48D987460F6C396AEDF2"><enum>(7)</enum><text>protect against unauthorized use or disclosure of any trade secret or confidential business information of a participant; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE57136CAEB7A476E92B368B54805095A"><enum>(8)</enum><text>promulgate any rules and regulations necessary to carry out this title, including rules and regulations for submitting and reviewing applications.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA5A740FE8B3E4CA09D0A4DDCD2961EC5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Award</header><paragraph id="HA35FCFA266844D0AB925CFB41036085C"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Recommendation by judges</header><text>After conducting a thorough review of each of the applicant submissions for the prize competition, the judges appointed under section 605 shall—</text><subparagraph id="H9321FBFD3F3F4BAB95C9E70B6703A42F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>submit in writing to the Attorney General a recommendation for an award to one or more winners of the prize competition; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4BAFC4FFD288406899740E1667510BB1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if the judges determine that none of the applicant submissions merit an award, submit in writing to the Attorney General a recommendation that no applicant be awarded a prize, including a detailed explanation stating the reasons why no applicant merits an award.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC695AB1296514B2EAE0455319F7525FB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Selection by Attorney General</header><subparagraph id="HA0AE57F53540438F92A6582304F17939"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Attorney General establishes the prize competition, and after reviewing the recommendation submitted under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall select one or more winners of the prize competition and award a prize to each winner.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8714B0898EAF4019AA7762D7712C74D7"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Recommendation of no prize</header><text>If the judges recommend under paragraph (1)(B) that no applicant be awarded a prize, the Attorney General may—</text><clause id="H8BFE3B59C0184C5EB30DFF9B57E819A5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>select one or more award winners, notwithstanding the recommendation of the judges, and award a prize to each winner; or</text></clause><clause id="H259E8620807B4AC692BE183DC72C96B3"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>award no prize to any applicant.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HED17FD33684747A5875B56018B5DDE2C"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Notification of no prize</header><text>If the Attorney General determines not to award a prize to any applicant under subparagraph (B)(ii), the Attorney General shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not later than 90 days after that determination.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1932B0C048D04642BEB78B7556DB8678"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Assistance from other parties</header><paragraph id="H91D4C621AA084F44AFE8200204C36167"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Administration by third-party organization</header><subparagraph id="H0CAF86269C514E50B84272021A034BAD"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Attorney General may enter into an agreement, including a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, with a non-profit or for-profit third-party organization, under which the third-party organization administers the prize competition.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFBC6D85C3A9246439D71F8CCEBB45D01"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consultation; division of authority</header><text>If the Attorney General enters into a contract with a third-party organization under subparagraph (A), the third-party organization shall consult with the Attorney General on, and the Attorney General shall have the authority to make the final decision with respect to—</text><clause id="HB46B4380E1E44973B225ABE79C7972CF"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the development of criteria for the selection of prize competition winners under subsection (a)(4); and</text></clause><clause id="HBCCB64C775034DE8B07B80F1EA5762A9"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the selection of judges under section 605.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H9347347EA11A4C8E9F24CEDD9E565B6D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Non-Federal funds</header><text>The Attorney General may solicit and receive non-Federal funds to administer the prize competition and award a prize.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H053F7337DFFD433DA9FF8893CA1281FE"><enum>605.</enum><header>Judges</header><subsection id="H90A640D8F89E46808CCC5073203356BD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Appointment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"> The Attorney General shall appoint not fewer than 3 judges who shall, except as provided in section 604(b)(1)(B), recommend one or more winners of the prize competition.</text></subsection><subsection id="HD2127A07C82E4EC08AA92E8C21F430A2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Qualifications</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each judge appointed under subsection (a) shall— </text><paragraph id="HB10649C33B9B4AEAB82DDB3153B14B76"><enum>(1)</enum><text>have subject matter expertise in cryptology and encryption-related technology, including relevant devices, platforms, and systems;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3CEEC1970C744742A30B37F8704FFAD1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>have an understanding of—</text><subparagraph id="H9F1DB2FF114842D7BBF6BA92097045BA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>protections afforded to United States citizens by the Constitution of the United States against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE1064C7564094B188231AAC07D415BDE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the legal authorities that permit the government to search and seize the personal effects of United States citizens, particularly with respect to—</text><clause id="H2202722FA06343FF82DF31DE13E7CDA8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the search and seizure of individuals’ data from technological devices, platforms, or systems; and</text></clause><clause id="HB93C760F7D3C4B8C8E66B0F69F566A3E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the interception of communications over technological devices, platforms, or systems; and</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HB5C13970B8EB4763B8A514FE534FC572"><enum>(3)</enum><text>have experience with law enforcement capabilities for lawful access to data and limitations on lawful access to data across various technological devices, platforms, and systems that use encrypted technology.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HCA6B7D95713E44E0A09CDC3130D1B612"><enum>606.</enum><header>Report to Congress</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"> Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Attorney General awards one or more prizes under section 604(b)(2), the Attorney General shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the prize competition that includes—</text><paragraph id="H715FB8DC9D3F4AFAA7CE233B7CEE298A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a statement by the Attorney General that describes the activities carried out by the Attorney General with respect to the duties described in section 604(a);</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5EFA906F66A84676A4A670EA910E46C7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>if the Attorney General has entered into an agreement with a third-party organization under section 604(c)(1), a statement by the Attorney General that describes the activities carried out by the third-party organization with respect to the duties described in section 604(c); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H513796EA56444E6E946D77D5DE2C7253"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a statement by the Attorney General explaining the basis on which each winner of the prize competition was selected.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H1703D18CEF43411D9B94DF71625041CC"><enum>607.</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><subsection id="HFA63BF69D34E43D58EA5A42ADB354BFB"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authorization</header><paragraph id="HAB020D8CBFA042499A0B8727F0DA4366"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary, not to exceed $50,000,000, to carry out this title.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H21EC3188FBD547C380A5BA29FA1C53E6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Minimization of administrative expenses</header><text>The Attorney General shall make all reasonable efforts to control the administrative expenses of the prize competition so that the majority of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) are used for the prize or prizes awarded to the winner or winners of the prize competition under section 603.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H66642EA3300A479DA9C75B0163009DEE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Approval of certain awards</header><text>The value of a prize awarded to a winner of the prize competition under section 603 may not exceed $1,000,000 without the approval of the Attorney General or the Director of the National Institute of Justice.</text></subsection><subsection id="H922C8147537C43D1BA8287F788CF6E61"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Reimbursement of expenses</header><text>A judge appointed under section 605 shall serve without pay, but may be reimbursed for actual and necessary traveling and subsistence expenses.</text></subsection></section><section id="H0114AF47AF4E472DB42393AC776B12D1"><enum>608.</enum><header>Termination of authority</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The prize competition and all authority provided under this title shall terminate on December 31, 2022.</text></section><enum>VII</enum><header>Lawful access training</header><section id="H2265183F28E5479D82DAE90D6D54D2FC" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>701.</enum><header>Lawful access training program</header><subsection id="H0FD55CF97A424C6898881DEEA929A8CD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In this section:</text><paragraph id="H03B740D36D7343D1A846A0B430E6E777"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Cooperative agreement</header><text>The term <term>cooperative agreement</term> means a legal instrument of financial assistance between a Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity and a non-Federal entity, consistent with sections 6302 and 6305 of title 31, United States Code.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA06C5FE453F2429689F3FD573EC34028"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Provider</header><text>The term <term>provider</term> means—</text><subparagraph id="H15AB31FD010E4276AC75B8E9635D4FAD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a device manufacturer, an operating system provider, and a provider of remote computing service, as those terms are defined in section 3119 of title 18, United States Code, as added by title I of this Act; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6665552D9C7C4C9294DABE6FCD6BF406"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a provider of electronic communication service, as defined in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC0AFD73A64D04575AE0FBAE747CC89F3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Training Program</header><text>The term <term>Training Program</term> means the lawful access training and assistance program established under subsection (b).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8BE4E11BD6BE4397809AC6118FA8163B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text>The Attorney General shall establish a lawful access training and real-time assistance program that draws upon the resources of the National Domestic Communications Center (commonly known as the <quote>NDCAC</quote>) and other relevant components of the Department of Justice as appropriate.</text></subsection><subsection id="H06DA91E14D884B83A1869CE230ECE9CD"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Activities</header><paragraph id="H3D00078B41FC4306A69063EABEDAA857"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Training</header><subparagraph id="H63CE1B8E20F84E878781AAC739056052"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The primary purpose of the Training Program shall be to provide training and assistance for law enforcement personnel, with a particular emphasis on State and local personnel, on relevant technology and communications platforms, including how to submit appropriately tailored applications for digital evidence, consistent with existing legal requirements and protections for privacy and civil liberties.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1B597FED3EC54AABBE65669E73992C5A"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consultation</header><text>The Attorney General may consult with providers regarding the training and assistance under subparagraph (A).</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8F6F64FC06D5473C98C6618FA90969DD"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Training and assistance under the Training Program shall include—</text><clause id="H30EE3090B9B04F9B838C1A9558815DB3"><enum>(i)</enum><text>designing and providing training to distribute knowledge and expertise, including—</text><subclause id="H3079AA16998C4961866231BA7160EEF7"><enum>(I)</enum><text>consulting with the most qualified experts in law enforcement and the technology industry to assist in the development of all Training Program materials;</text></subclause><subclause id="HB7CCEC157D0B4CD4B020D463CF5F24E4"><enum>(II)</enum><text>identifying current effective law enforcement training programs and tools;</text></subclause><subclause id="H822BF9111A8C47B7BC4B0A09B8073339"><enum>(III)</enum><text>identifying gaps in current law enforcement training programs and tools;</text></subclause><subclause id="H4CA582F90C414B61BC0B73263C389297"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>producing and maintaining training materials and curricula that will be used in classroom training sessions as well as for distribution to law enforcement agencies for reference;</text></subclause><subclause id="HF379EEE3FF8249AEB61EFE71A68731D9"><enum>(V)</enum><text>in coordination with providers, delivering information and guidance on accessing digital evidence from specific providers to improve outcomes with regard to particular technology devices, platforms, or systems; and</text></subclause><subclause id="H9BE5678710ED4EF3A2B665FFE5B4ABE9"><enum>(VI)</enum><text>establishing and promoting the use of a consistent set of clear standards for securing and minimizing data collected by law enforcement;</text></subclause></clause><clause id="H631706582309487CA7BA43802B3A5F1C"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>serving as a centralized repository of knowledge and expertise about provider systems and procedures for submitting requests for data;</text></clause><clause id="H920B0651F7CD4DD7B5B539FC220DF0BA"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>coordinating with Federal, State, and international training programs, as well as any private-sector and nonprofit initiatives;</text></clause><clause id="HEBA8EC7A77BC45F4B52639926ECD3023"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>building and maintaining analytic and forensic tools to assist law enforcement agencies in interpreting data that has been obtained from service providers and devices;</text></clause><clause id="HD751D5007F834684A229F7C8932F8B3B"><enum>(v)</enum><text>hiring and employing technical specialists that can help develop and maintain analytic and forensic tools;</text></clause><clause id="H8488E02C14904063A9A5D5010DCE89E2"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>conducting relevant research and analysis to identify the greatest challenges with respect to the ability of law enforcement agencies to access and analyze digital evidence; and</text></clause><clause id="HD90BB45E0457442292615817DC58C834"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>providing a call center for law enforcement officials to seek advice and assistance regarding accessing and analyzing digital evidence.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H1E7017BEC7364CD99DE32363C582F35D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Other functions</header><text>In carrying out the Training Program, the Attorney General shall develop and coordinate additional functions to improve lawful access to digital evidence, including the following:</text><subparagraph id="H7ADC6567505946E6A2CF406A077EE5DE"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Identifying and providing resources</header><text>The Attorney General shall—</text><clause id="HF789C6CD01C74BE0827934DE1DE75F1A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>work with the Office of Justice Programs to identify grants and other grant-making bodies to support law enforcement access to digital evidence; and</text></clause><clause id="H1B86C925B4E64091B2474C1B53C2532B"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>include programs in the training activities that inform law enforcement agencies of the grants described in clause (i) and other resources that support—</text><subclause id="H75FA9C3540A04584888B3A006A194465"><enum>(I)</enum><text>training programs;</text></subclause><subclause id="HDBC40955CBDE4BCC80EC543C95A591ED"><enum>(II)</enum><text>development and distribution of analytical tools; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HD51B9D9358C9444A80FBB532CAF1BA37"><enum>(III)</enum><text>maintenance of crime labs.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAB8E5F52A841487E86047995EB153F0B"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Development of authentication system</header><text>The Attorney General shall work with providers and law enforcement agencies from Federal, State, and local systems to identify options for, and develop, a system for verifying that an individual requesting data from a provider is a law enforcement official entitled to such access pursuant to lawful authority.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H89638D4686F94747A1B92B11623E7A7E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Coordinating international efforts</header><text>The Attorney General shall coordinate with international partners to—</text><clause id="H3B08EC79EA4244A6972BAD31469A7C27"><enum>(i)</enum><text>help set baseline standards and practices to lawfully access digital evidence;</text></clause><clause id="H6F3E2F1308574AD5AA03EE0099A8E48A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>promote standards to ensure the protection of privacy and civil liberties, and to the extent practical and helpful, harmonize efforts across borders.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF089D217ED0A4C0BA0D7C7230E0F10AE"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Developing master database</header><text>The Attorney General shall—</text><clause id="HCB904672A43D45719ECDD98576A7CA17"><enum>(i)</enum><text>develop a master database to track investigations in the United States in which a law enforcement agency secured the legal authority to access digital data but otherwise cannot gain access to that data in an intelligible format due to encryption; and</text></clause><clause id="H9DB719F27AC04709A25387E4DF0E4E3E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>through the training activities described in paragraph (1), encourage the robust participation from State and local authorities that is necessary to populate the database described in clause (i) of this subparagraph.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H58851E2DFF8E4C929777AECBC058FFBA"><enum>(E)</enum><header>Other activities</header><text>The Attorney General, in carrying out the Training Program, shall provide any additional activities and services determined appropriate by the Attorney General.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H94B18843F40D4F859BB6DC5D443487BB"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Funding</header><paragraph id="HE6B6E9B069154C389A88E55C22A4241F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this section $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2020, which shall remain available until expended.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3358CE1425C84EA1A82EBDF720A1C692"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text>Not more than 5 percent of the amount appropriated under paragraph (1) may be used to carry out activities under subsection (e)(2).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HEA91659A33034C4BBC8C6077CB555D4C"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Cooperative agreement</header><paragraph id="H33354A457EE34F10B42B3830B4C7795E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Assistance</header><text>The Attorney General may enter into a cooperative agreement with providers or other persons to—</text><subparagraph id="HE3AA1E25607A4F03AD887902681F57A6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>provide regular training to law enforcement agencies through the Training Program on information that is potentially available from devices, operating systems, remote computing services, or electronic communication services, and on provider policies, in order to facilitate tailored and specific applications from law enforcement agencies;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC5AE324C956B448CABC1BFDDA288005D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>maintain up-to-date and comprehensive guidance for law enforcement agencies regarding accessing information from providers;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7CEA8AE4529042CAA4AD5185F8C59C91"><enum>(C)</enum><text>develop or maintain online mechanisms to—</text><clause id="HF27A3FB4B1AF4456B279BB19E0EDF8AF"><enum>(i)</enum><text>receive law enforcement requests for data; and</text></clause><clause id="H30515F4FCF014F8880AC36C2896761D8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>provide dated, electronic confirmation of receipt of a request described in clause (i); and</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7F41DD213F2C4D868C6C10309A1B8B17"><enum>(D)</enum><text>assist with other tasks as determined necessary by the NDCAC.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7FC28A697D1C4C77913EE52EE9FC4720"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Donations</header><subparagraph id="HF7A2DEFCD2414AB399EFB13C2E446C5C"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The NDCAC may solicit and accept donations for the Training Program from providers or other persons to be used to carry out this section.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB50D75759A0A4312898795D15F0EC46C"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Private funding requirement</header><text>The NDCAC may not carry out the Training Program during a fiscal year, including fiscal year 2020, unless and until the NDCAC has received funding for that fiscal year under subparagraph (A) in an amount equal to the amount authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2020 under subsection (d)(1).</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H999F7D2F5EE94164ADF37081124DDEE4"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Report</header><paragraph id="HD2EB026342AF44249E116D89966E2826"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the effective date in section 801 of this Act, and once thereafter not later than 2 years after that effective date, the NDCAC shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on the Training Program.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0828A4E842FA4746BC53E7881AB2DB3D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—</text><subparagraph id="H85CD5C0F14154CA78CDBC19FE320511B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>ongoing efforts to identify and respond to gaps in training and distribution of technical tools;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H54DA9335B71D442BB457F3131C5D4638"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the state of cooperation with providers;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H452574E1A58145119DC5F6461C2CB06E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>novel uses of legal authorities;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC851E4B8DB3E4ACB8E151468C87672ED"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any new policies and best practices being seriously considered or adopted; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEA5F39F74C2F404197483E3AAE9BAA0C"><enum>(E)</enum><text>funding contributed by private individuals, organizations, and entities.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>VIII</enum><header>Effective date</header><section id="H612121FB079B472E9FA42F78FADF0DD9"><enum>801.</enum><header>Effective date</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Titles I through V of this Act, and the amendments made by those titles, shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.</text></section>