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<dc:title>115 S442 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>U.S. Senate</dc:publisher>
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<distribution-code>IC</distribution-code><congress display="yes">115th CONGRESS</congress><session display="yes">1st Session</session><legis-num display="yes">S. 442</legis-num><current-chamber display="yes">IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES</current-chamber><action><action-date>February 27, 2017</action-date><action-desc>Referred to the <committee-name committee-id="HSY00">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</committee-name></action-desc></action><legis-type display="yes">AN ACT</legis-type><official-title display="yes">To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and for other
			 purposes.</official-title></form>
	<legis-body display-enacting-clause="yes-display-enacting-clause" style="OLC">
		<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id80562f3b-e00a-4f7a-b790-e46d35c4aa1a" section-type="section-one"><enum>1.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Short title; table of contents</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb0c938bf-241d-40df-8e8d-d7d2505bfa90"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Short title</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">This Act may be cited as the <quote><short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title></quote>.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfa5cab31-ff5c-46a2-9a82-036ffb4a6fbb"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Table of contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The table of contents of this Act is as follows:</text><toc><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id80562f3b-e00a-4f7a-b790-e46d35c4aa1a" level="section">Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idfd87f5ff-6bf8-40f5-aba1-d6080c1fde1d" level="section">Sec. 2. Definitions.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id1d58adc4-732d-4b82-a62d-1c0f23889542" level="title">TITLE I—Authorization of appropriations</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idb1c940f2-0357-40ca-a33b-a22a9b6357ec" level="section">Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2017.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idabd0b290-5652-4b1f-8082-4a99ac478854" level="title">TITLE II—Sustaining national space commitments</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idf4049ca6-1673-4c44-b399-e5826f158494" level="section">Sec. 201. Sense of Congress on sustaining national space commitments.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ide76049fc-c917-4573-abc1-2653c69bd3f0" level="section">Sec. 202. Findings.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idcff4fa07-bd85-428d-a84e-7486a9f5c14e" level="title">TITLE III—Maximizing utilization of the ISS and low-Earth orbit</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id0fe9e5eb-57e0-4828-b5f2-a99e09f0ba8f" level="section">Sec. 301. Operation of the ISS.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id509aecfb-9c28-4d62-97e3-aa4d62a37c5d" level="section">Sec. 302. Transportation to ISS.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ida3e9d4f6-9625-421f-a2bf-a8bef3243a5d" level="section">Sec. 303. ISS transition plan.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id40BFA3E717F94FD9BFED464AFD19C03B" level="section">Sec. 304. Space communications.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idE475D784FC354049BF7A17DAFDE6C0DA" level="section">Sec. 305. Indemnification; NASA launch services and reentry services.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id5b97950f-305a-4dd4-9fda-4da9c28a3d29" level="title">TITLE IV—Advancing human deep space exploration</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idad45be9e-5f44-4dca-a9fd-703bbe050e07" level="subtitle">Subtitle A—Human space flight and exploration goals and objectives</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id1629798e-1996-4964-9b61-4cbe31d6b4a7" level="section">Sec. 411. Human space flight and exploration long-term goals.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idf5fbb426-b341-4dff-9735-13686178ae6f" level="section">Sec. 412. Key objectives.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id2e70525c-5ea1-4a14-91bf-52393b507c69" level="section">Sec. 413. Vision for space exploration.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id60d9e57f-5b2a-4b3c-9371-694e7593bae0" level="section">Sec. 414. Stepping stone approach to exploration.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idbc0426e0-2df7-44c7-bbc2-7af3282c5089" level="section">Sec. 415. Update of exploration plan and programs.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="H85E2C981F8C84B8B9A4367F98A61ED77" level="section">Sec. 416. Repeals.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id00D0D54A1B22449C921C2F1E9E4BE84C" level="section">Sec. 417. Assured access to space.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id463fa6bf-c0b6-4194-9f02-4d5ef4b0023c" level="subtitle">Subtitle B—Assuring core capabilities for exploration</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id5e96bdc6-c69d-48c8-9753-e18573c6544a" level="section">Sec. 421. Space Launch System, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idaef262aa-11c3-4bfe-9de5-ddf90775b6fd" level="subtitle">Subtitle C—Journey to Mars</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id31a23236-92a3-40d2-a44e-5ca2522af36b" level="section">Sec. 431. Findings on human space exploration.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idf01ee532-c128-4da2-a434-dc4ea50ea1f3" level="section">Sec. 432. Human exploration roadmap.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id3e62f613-ae91-490d-927d-ecbc94290cdd" level="section">Sec. 433. Advanced space suit capability.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idf461691e-04fe-4866-8868-3b4a9121c491" level="section">Sec. 434. Asteroid robotic redirect mission.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc4f4d98a5d0e486b92993db0ea3b9e2e" level="section">Sec. 435. Mars 2033 report.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ide39e4fd8-beb3-4f7c-95ef-ae9ce5c9bc68" level="subtitle">Subtitle D—TREAT Astronauts Act</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ide80e35da-cdd9-47dd-9c06-c8e72a9c3c21" level="section">Sec. 441. Short title.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id86e145e2-8ee8-4227-88da-340b2d83ebc7" level="section">Sec. 442. Findings; sense of Congress.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idaf8fd45c-9ced-4189-9050-7c836acba07c" level="section">Sec. 443. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idde4dce97-7965-48ae-9fa3-9ffc98d05f16" level="title">TITLE V—Advancing space science</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc2df6220-977d-41ef-ba69-a9a228379c2e" level="section">Sec. 501. Maintaining a balanced space science portfolio.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id0241bcbf-3063-4ae0-8d06-26f64483a035" level="section">Sec. 502. Planetary science.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id753a31c5-25d1-4607-ac1d-89445c2a2120" level="section">Sec. 503. James Webb Space Telescope.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc00f4802-958f-406a-843b-5b923477f16a" level="section">Sec. 504. Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ide894a3e8-1a43-4b7a-b968-9c6d23baa061" level="section">Sec. 505. Mars 2020 rover.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id1a85f499-36ce-49b6-bbd2-8601d54cc030" level="section">Sec. 506. Europa.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ide3d77f1899af40abaf463fbb42d61e51" level="section">Sec. 507. Congressional declaration of policy and purpose.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idcf0174ee5e6f4e9f92a3357c1c61998c" level="section">Sec. 508. Extrasolar planet exploration strategy.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id4178fa3bc2ce4ddbaaaebb118c614b8d" level="section">Sec. 509. Astrobiology strategy.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id2e76618dcd414a8697553f6c2ec08de1" level="section">Sec. 510. Astrobiology public-private partnerships.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ida6fd9494856c4bd18f6b483e4ae44ae9" level="section">Sec. 511. Near-Earth objects.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id1AEB7C5779504171AE015208C7DA4BF0" level="section">Sec. 512. Near-Earth objects public-private partnerships.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id454c7d37207e46529158ecd24e1494d9" level="section">Sec. 513. Assessment of science mission extensions.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idcd6d4370a1cd462e8163a997a201d257" level="section">Sec. 514. Stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id5f58ccb21724450690f053379a514f89" level="section">Sec. 515. Radioisotope power systems.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ida8898f1f23554d3dab660847b64bf624" level="section">Sec. 516. Assessment of Mars architecture.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id726abdf57bab4a01945fadef975291e6" level="section">Sec. 517. Collaboration.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id412CCAC392684DF38DA604AFAAF99EF7" level="title">TITLE VI—Aeronautics</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idF0F374F61F944C1EBE3B14DA0F73EA9C" level="section">Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on aeronautics.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idba0aa10e226f4e2f87b9bdc4d5514ea1" level="section">Sec. 602. Transformative aeronautics research.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idfcb1872d91b04c5188154ed130e2badf" level="section">Sec. 603. Hypersonic research.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idcbf37bc8620640a59dca5427e5ee4231" level="section">Sec. 604. Supersonic research.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc3086dfb4bc4437a9371fd347e3283ae" level="section">Sec. 605. Rotorcraft research.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id17ABE5A50B944F298DF0497EEB54F7E5" level="title">TITLE VII—Space technology</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id50af66c5-67c7-4e33-9cb1-f5710994372e" level="section">Sec. 701. Space technology infusion.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id338786CBE56B49A79CAE80E2A614104F" level="section">Sec. 702. Space technology program.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="iddff64d0a-c11a-41f9-a77f-45f7279fa80c" level="title">TITLE VIII—Maximizing efficiency</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id08f7b8da-5cf2-437a-9d0e-a679669d3b45" level="subtitle">Subtitle A—Agency information technology and cybersecurity</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id8ef4fda1-e1bf-4f80-9e65-3f759baaff32" level="section">Sec. 811. Information technology governance.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id459d4e67-f3c2-46c2-b3b2-5fd20616c592" level="section">Sec. 812. Information technology strategic plan.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id7330f1ea-dd5f-47f7-8c03-cba35c2e1c03" level="section">Sec. 813. Cybersecurity.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idbbb206d8-d45c-41c6-903f-15b7809d05ab" level="section">Sec. 814. Security management of foreign national access.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id1fba877e-b7c2-49dd-a1f9-ef327db939b5" level="section">Sec. 815. Cybersecurity of web applications.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id76d5b094-a86e-4685-87e9-dd651530f550" level="subtitle">Subtitle B—Collaboration among mission directorates and other matters</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id5b62ac5f-13c8-44d1-a0e3-fa8d4b2b1356" level="section">Sec. 821. Collaboration among mission directorates.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id39968dcf-2ad7-4589-8d93-d06b2117a088" level="section">Sec. 822. NASA launch capabilities collaboration.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc9d883b1-df78-4987-984b-7f27e534f76d" level="section">Sec. 823. Detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id8163688a-1a9f-4570-8ef9-e63d27b9a994" level="section">Sec. 824. Education and outreach.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id6518b9284c3c4d08821af8cb0f15c764" level="section">Sec. 825. Leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across mission directorates.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id439C18ECF3854946A2F4742812B898DD" level="section">Sec. 826. Flight opportunities.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id6652a8eaae6c4a4480faca0fac9685c4" level="section">Sec. 827. Sense of Congress on small class launch missions.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idfe7073e71c1244efbbba5eb96e0880d9" level="section">Sec. 828. Baseline and cost controls.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id4d1046da270148bfa75e82c7630a5a13" level="section">Sec. 829. Commercial technology transfer program.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idc6a518eb3cef41b5b86db540daa599f2" level="section">Sec. 830. Avoiding organizational conflicts of interest in major administration acquisition programs.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ida09b8bc78308458cb93f3a6354542418" level="section">Sec. 831. Protection of Apollo landing sites.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id86398C3CBDBF49AA9257537966C079CD" level="section">Sec. 832. NASA lease of non-excess property.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id90C8ED4CE1994A6484749F1257296F7E" level="section">Sec. 833. Termination liability.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id757E7CE454354277B71F60A392BD8C8E" level="section">Sec. 834. Independent reviews.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id348204B91F6C4DFD863E08DE673EA517" level="section">Sec. 835. NASA Advisory Council.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id8B0F23AF317B46E98A7E2AA6659F0BBF" level="section">Sec. 836. Cost estimation.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idE17EA50FB8BD47DA8CDB75D076002CAA" level="section">Sec. 837. Facilities and infrastructure.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id40D9267424724D8C9790FC2AA2719208" level="section">Sec. 838. Human space flight accident investigations.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="id103ca2cb33434a98af0e6b382c84b04d" level="section">Sec. 839. Orbital debris.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="ida9e936a0bc8b4eb6942c474027109b95" level="section">Sec. 840. Review of orbital debris removal concepts.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" idref="idC085DDC86F8A4E098D2EA07A0A956192" level="section">Sec. 841. Space Act Agreements.</toc-entry></toc> </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfd87f5ff-6bf8-40f5-aba1-d6080c1fde1d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>2.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In this Act:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57aff833-7e04-4368-8c4b-ced956e81e78"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Administration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Administration</term> means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaf021b01-bd19-4494-b45a-d6c48046bf31"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Administrator</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Administrator</term> means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6a384ef4-0253-4a83-8289-db6cd091972a"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Appropriate committees of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>appropriate committees of Congress</term> means—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id216B2563583544CE9F88FCAFE072A6E9"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate</committee-name>; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5afc134c-e15d-4d2a-8f3a-77ef390a14d0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name>.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id74739991-8bf7-4522-b4c7-6edc9edbec70"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cis-lunar space</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>cis-lunar space</term> means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id827bd766-e083-4666-a422-d45706ee4b2a"><enum>(5)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Deep space</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>deep space</term> means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar space.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id020958ab-2988-4aa1-b0cc-07735562b154"><enum>(6)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Government astronaut</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>government astronaut</term> has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of title 51, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc59164e0-5dde-4b29-83f3-7b16e97e7518"><enum>(7)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">ISS</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>ISS</term> means the International Space Station.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id091e753c-c0f0-41c7-affd-819eb4f87460"><enum>(8)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">ISS management entity</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>ISS management entity</term> means the organization with which the Administrator has a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18354">42 U.S.C. 18354(a)</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida70dcfbf-b243-4e04-a376-e7c78aae3de5"><enum>(9)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>NASA</term> means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idff6321b3-4b68-426a-b2a9-e44ec40ed3b7"><enum>(10)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Orion</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Orion</term> means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id886f8180-2d8f-498d-b003-d02812c00d52"><enum>(11)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Launch System</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Space Launch System</term> has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18302">42 U.S.C. 18302</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id953F04F079AC4B15BD4B0DD471E2CE78"><enum>(12)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">United States government astronaut</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>United States government astronaut</term> has the meaning given the term <term>government astronaut</term> in section 50902 of title 51, United States Code, except it does not include an individual who is an international partner astronaut.</text>
			</paragraph></section><title commented="no" id="id1d58adc4-732d-4b82-a62d-1c0f23889542" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>I</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Authorization of appropriations</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb1c940f2-0357-40ca-a33b-a22a9b6357ec" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>101.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Fiscal year 2017</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal year 2017, $19,508,000,000, as follows:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id30ecc75d-f4d9-4e03-b363-c8e3cbf78601"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Exploration, $4,330,000,000.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4d192d1-fb04-48d1-9a25-30dedc9a36f5"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Space Operations, $5,023,000,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id697d0a44-ea1c-46cc-971b-c3fd0a1b0bff"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Science, $5,500,000,000.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida8467f72-3d3a-413a-8c1b-67ddbf5ff2e4"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Aeronautics, $640,000,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id31b78463-a520-483a-82e6-4a85cbb10b5e"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Space Technology, $686,000,000.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id44039d0f-79fb-4a38-855e-8bb93b31cc8d"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Education, $115,000,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id12dfabbf-12c0-4b78-b0be-7f7a2b881949"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, $2,788,600,000.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id309bfcd2-ec16-4d68-9b8a-a9e447292bbf"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $388,000,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id04f9a686-f5fc-4f3e-a821-d988d673ae84"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Inspector General, $37,400,000.</text>
				</paragraph></section></title><title commented="no" id="idabd0b290-5652-4b1f-8082-4a99ac478854" level-type="subsequent"><enum>II</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sustaining national space commitments</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf4049ca6-1673-4c44-b399-e5826f158494" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>201.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on sustaining national space commitments</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb3ad9dbe-9d3d-4940-990a-d5c0c6e1800a"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">honoring current national space commitments and building upon investments in space across successive Administrations demonstrates clear continuity of purpose by the United States, in collaboration with its international, academic, and industry partners, to extend humanity’s reach into deep space, including cis-lunar space, the Moon, the surface and moons of Mars, and beyond;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf27051c8-ec71-4a6a-852e-9f4d2a694bf0"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA leaders can best leverage investments in the United States space program by continuing to develop a balanced portfolio for space exploration and space science, including continued development of the Space Launch System, Orion, Commercial Crew Program, space and planetary science missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope, Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, and Europa mission, and ongoing operations of the ISS and Commercial Resupply Services Program;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id69be3f46-0593-49ec-85b4-db5f6189c850"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a national, government-led space program that builds on current science and exploration programs, advances human knowledge and capabilities, and opens the frontier beyond Earth for ourselves, commercial enterprise, and science, and with our international partners, is of critical importance to our national destiny and to a future guided by United States values and freedoms;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcb3395de-3f4b-4c9b-9f67-f1c7e3ef9a74"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">continuity of purpose and effective execution of core NASA programs are essential for efficient use of resources in pursuit of timely and tangible accomplishments;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id915cbb1b-1082-4870-a238-6e9fbc161730"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA could improve its efficiency and effectiveness by working with industry to streamline existing programs and requirements, procurement practices, institutional footprint, and bureaucracy while preserving effective program oversight, accountability, and safety;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4f037f8d-cbd0-4452-9eab-0d979dcf7629"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">it is imperative that the United States maintain and enhance its leadership in space exploration and space science, and continue to expand freedom and economic opportunities in space for all Americans that are consistent with the Constitution of the United States; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id712f2571-3804-4ab9-a0ef-3de2c74d3840"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA should be a multi-mission space agency, and should have a balanced and robust set of core missions in space science, space technology, aeronautics, human space flight and exploration, and education.</text>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide76049fc-c917-4573-abc1-2653c69bd3f0" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>202.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5DC66CB2792F43EAA9E8B3C43839E440"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Returns on the Nation's investments in science, technology, and exploration accrue over decades-long timeframes, and a disruption of such investments could prevent returns from being fully realized.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0ab3d8b8-9a8d-4ee5-b16a-26528079886d"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Past challenges to the continuity of such investments, particularly threats regarding the cancellation of authorized programs with bipartisan and bicameral support, have disrupted completion of major space systems thereby—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idceff6949-dfed-4d0b-925b-fecb10c38cc9"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">impeding planning and pursuit of national objectives in space science and human space exploration;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id84cc273a-53a3-4636-9686-6b508b446e30"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">placing such investments in space science and space exploration at risk; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id06656e38-64d4-476a-8973-4bbc6ebeaaae"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">degrading the aerospace industrial base.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7e121a28-388b-4ec3-93fa-5e5d7fb21aea"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/155">Public Law 109–155</external-xref>; 119 Stat. 2895), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/110/422">Public Law 110–422</external-xref>; 122 Stat. 4779), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18301">42 U.S.C. 18301</external-xref> et seq.) reflect a broad, bipartisan agreement on the path forward for NASA's core missions in science, space technology, aeronautics, human space flight and exploration, and education, that serves as the foundation for the policy updates by this Act.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6a8bd0b2-d903-4071-971b-f15d1710b7cb"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sufficient investment and maximum utilization of the ISS and ISS National Laboratory with our international and industry partners is—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id68aa05e6-50e0-4b89-91a6-3bb574bb8d17"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consistent with the goals and objectives of the United States space program; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id03085d2e-7edc-46e5-acf9-fa877503f8c5"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">imperative to continuing United States global leadership in human space exploration, science, research, technology development, and education opportunities that contribute to development of the next generation of American scientists, engineers, and leaders, and to creating the opportunity for economic development of low-Earth orbit.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcfd9be13-e130-44ae-979b-dabec35dda1e"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA has made measurable progress in the development and testing of the Space Launch System and Orion exploration systems with the near-term objectives of the initial integrated test flight and launch in 2018, a human mission in 2021, and continued missions with an annual cadence in cis-lunar space and eventually to the surface of Mars.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id78dcd031-204f-428b-8f2c-2282f57e32ac"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Commercial Crew Program has made measurable progress toward reestablishing the capability to launch United States government astronauts from United States soil into low-Earth orbit by the end of 2018.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0466b015-ec87-4083-ad63-f962c30ceb7c"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, in its 2015 Annual Report, urged continuity of purpose noting concerns over the potential for cost overruns and schedule slips that could accompany significant changes to core NASA programs.</text>
				</paragraph></section></title><title commented="no" id="idcff4fa07-bd85-428d-a84e-7486a9f5c14e" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>III</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Maximizing utilization of the ISS and low-Earth orbit</header>
			<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0fe9e5eb-57e0-4828-b5f2-a99e09f0ba8f" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>301.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Operation of the ISS</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1611d64f-10c6-4a6b-9124-6288a1f0510d"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5f58e8eb-0bd5-487f-8961-6c0b3807b007"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">after 15 years of continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit, the ISS continues to overcome challenges and operate safely;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id933D882EF63D451CA0DD0BAFD595A534"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the ISS is a unique testbed for future space exploration systems development, including long-duration space travel;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc3be9d8c-d5a2-48cf-a323-3da5ffabdb64"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the expansion of partnerships, scientific research, and commercial applications of the ISS is essential to ensuring the greatest return on investments made by the United States and its international space partners in the development, assembly, and operations of that unique facility;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5165b71f-fd11-4bed-96ae-ec8b739ff601"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">utilization of the ISS will sustain United States leadership and progress in human space exploration by—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6de0d5e7-1593-4c50-aa04-5a54d79c6f90"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">facilitating the commercialization and economic development of low-Earth orbit;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5029f748-9957-4935-8139-71f53f9c3c5e"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">serving as a testbed for technologies and a platform for scientific research and development; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7997dc85-375f-4981-b076-37e0ae34f86c"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">serving as an orbital facility enabling research upon—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id37bb461a-20f0-4468-8eb6-33ca6484ce00"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the health, well-being, and performance of humans in space; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id47c588fe-4d76-4279-ab56-3e3aa7e8b5b7"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the development of in-space systems enabling human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and</text> </clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida7351c09-3abd-4c65-830e-fe830b2016ab"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the ISS provides a platform for fundamental, microgravity, discovery-based space life and physical sciences research that is critical for enabling space exploration, protecting humans in space, increasing pathways for commercial space development that depend on advances in basic research, and contributes to advancing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics research.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1DF1DE400DE44062BDFA062662A59AEC"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Objectives</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The primary objectives of the ISS program shall be—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC53833A0328640E9928D408785B9D177"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to achieve the long term goal and objectives under section 202 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312</external-xref>); and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8FBDE639B6EA4F8895CE233211A95199"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to pursue a research program that advances knowledge and provides other benefits to the Nation.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id81106E08FFEC44EAAC7437EC04C34374"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Continuation of the ISS</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 501 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18351">42 U.S.C. 18351</external-xref>) is amended to read as follows:</text>
					<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6A8479A3A8A84C95A0815E5BF9951738" style="OLC">
						<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5BE8B6660E6846519539A1D371672A04" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>501.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Continuation of the International Space Station</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id06509876278149038ed56b19a6018c52"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Policy of the United States</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2a978c86cecf4b53ac5150415f66b481"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA action</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In furtherance of the policy set forth in subsection (a), NASA shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7D7A1BDC9D2244DF96415706516CA325"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">pursue international, commercial, and intragovernmental means to maximize ISS logistics supply, maintenance, and operational capabilities, reduce risks to ISS systems sustainability, and offset and minimize United States operations costs relating to the ISS;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57FFCEE0F12446C9A1CB2149AADA175A"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">utilize, to the extent practicable, the ISS for the development of capabilities and technologies needed for the future of human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8D9DFB55158A49888D379B7ACE71A5B0"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">utilize, if practical and cost effective, the ISS for Science Mission Directorate missions in low-Earth orbit.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id509aecfb-9c28-4d62-97e3-aa4d62a37c5d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>302.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Transportation to ISS</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9D224BD62AA843B0AA6FBAA4E13F6ACB"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that reliance on foreign carriers for United States crew transfer is unacceptable, and the Nation’s human space flight program must acquire the capability to launch United States government astronauts on vehicles using United States rockets from United States soil as soon as is safe, reliable, and affordable to do so.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide0084229-b33e-4993-be22-ec0ab5bcef31"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on Commercial Crew Program and Commercial Resupply Services Program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4e265aa299684d6dbe80ae084efb7691"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">once developed and certified to meet the Administration’s safety and reliability requirements, United States commercially provided crew transportation systems can serve as the primary means of transporting United States government astronauts and international partner astronauts to and from the ISS and serving as ISS crew rescue vehicles;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8298531350844ABCA9644C224D29E83B"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">previous budgetary assumptions used by the Administration in its planning for the Commercial Crew Program assumed significantly higher funding levels than were authorized and appropriated by Congress;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id98AC8B509D254BA1B7C33AA326095664"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">credibility in the Administration’s budgetary estimates for the Commercial Crew Program can be enhanced by an independently developed cost estimate;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2B6603DF352E4C4EB1BB390CAD5DDC4D"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such credibility in budgetary estimates is an important factor in understanding program risk;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0AAD92670F0C4AE0B8536D0B6ED683AB"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">United States access to low-Earth orbit is paramount to the continued success of the ISS and ISS National Laboratory;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida671e87840ba4696a29041d37845b219"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a stable and successful Commercial Resupply Services Program and Commercial Crew Program are critical to ensuring timely provisioning of the ISS and to reestablishing the capability to launch United States government astronauts from United States soil into orbit, ending reliance upon Russian transport of United States government astronauts to the ISS which has not been possible since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3c070cb2-ad03-46cb-b767-b9ab6891f8a7"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA should build upon the success of the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services Program and Commercial Resupply Services Program that have allowed private sector companies to partner with NASA to deliver cargo and scientific experiments to the ISS since 2012;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id152e53b5-8cd6-4da4-9815-142c7bbffcf8"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the 21st Century Launch Complex Program has enabled significant modernization and infrastructure improvements at launch sites across the United States to support NASA's Commercial Resupply Services Program and other civil and commercial space flight missions; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf75c6ce1-ead4-4879-a9e2-f578119001b7"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the 21st Century Launch Complex Program should be continued in a manner that leverages State and private investments to achieve the goals of that program.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HBA5ABE292ED146B99A212E64C3A3A1D9"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reaffirmation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress reaffirms—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HA9AA44096D5D4AEC951FD30BACEC7903"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">its commitment to the use of a commercially developed, private sector launch and delivery system to the ISS for crew missions as expressed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/155">Public Law 109–155</external-xref>; 119 Stat. 2895), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/110/422">Public Law 110–422</external-xref>; 122 Stat. 4779), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18301">42 U.S.C. 18301</external-xref> et seq.); and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H97A3563EBFE8494293A4C9CA63A97902"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the requirement under section 50111(b)(1)(A) of title 51, United States Code, that the Administration shall make use of United States commercially provided ISS crew transfer and crew rescue services to the maximum extent practicable.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9F6F40FC7A064E1E89A5812B38AE3AB4"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Use of non-United States human space flight transportation capabilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 201(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18311">42 U.S.C. 18311(a)</external-xref>) is amended to read as follows:</text>
					<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4442F25E3B2441FEA060C971D051052E" style="OLC">
						<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9e1dcd3bdc1947f0ba2b6d3a0176f289"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Use of non-United States
			 human space flight transportation services</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5301DBFFD7B145EF990BF9193BFC854A"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Federal Government may not acquire human space flight transportation services from a foreign entity unless—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id19FB0D5BFFCC4683999D569AF540487C"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">no United States Government-operated human space flight capability is available;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id931D5A157D724E268A5106491AEDB7F0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">no United States commercial provider is available; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92F9577FB33348C5B191AB97BCBE9A4C"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">it is a qualified foreign entity.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2B41B5D22BE24983AADC171EA571281E"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this subsection:</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id94DFEE9EE7864E0D8627C4D8AAB67E65"><enum>(A)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Commercial provider</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>commercial provider</term> means any person providing human space flight transportation services, primary control of which is held by persons other than the Federal Government, a State or local government, or a foreign government.</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id18B08409FC054AF6A4AD476511F82750"><enum>(B)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Qualified foreign entity</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>qualified foreign entity</term> means a foreign entity that is in compliance with all applicable safety standards and is not prohibited from providing space transportation services under other law.</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id63ED40EB02584B638ED90F0DE981E589"><enum>(C)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">United States commercial provider</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>United States commercial provider</term> means a commercial provider, organized under the laws of the United States or of a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEB35671F74A24247B73D3D90C19DB628"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Arrangements with foreign entities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Administrator from negotiating or entering into human space flight transportation arrangements with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued ISS operations.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7D49BB59CBA24037A49A41497A7867F0"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Commercial Crew Program</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0974B10B73954B6890C0C03F4FACE0C3"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Objective</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The objective of the Commercial Crew Program shall be to assist in the development and certification of commercially provided transportation that—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9F1AA01FF88E4FC2BDA0DE1E8EACECFA"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">can carry United States government astronauts safely, reliably, and affordably to and from the ISS;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idAAA965449804474689D6D0A53B1E5E47"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">can serve as a crew rescue vehicle; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40B80AE40DF748B0A044C9EF252F4CC4"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">can accomplish subparagraphs (A) and (B) as soon as practicable.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id572E74B4760B4DC58D039826B23C17F5"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Primary consideration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The objective described in paragraph (1) shall be the primary consideration in the acquisition strategy for the Commercial Crew Program.</text>
					</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id471B18C08E674238B7759690358F7D3E"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Safety</header>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id054658145A284AF9BCE15810159C203B"><enum>(A)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall protect the safety of government astronauts by ensuring that each commercially provided transportation system under this subsection meets all applicable human rating requirements in accordance with section 403(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18342">42 U.S.C. 18342(b)(1)</external-xref>).</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0B537A46ED504B6CA4502B20C75BF040"><enum>(B)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Lessons learned</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consistent with the findings and recommendations of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, the Administration shall ensure that safety and the minimization of the probability of loss of crew are the critical priorities of the Commercial Crew Program.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3DA65B05F125441FA7E316E69D21A2A3"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cost minimization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall strive through the competitive selection process to minimize the life cycle cost to the Administration through the planned period of commercially provided crew transportation services.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6B244E5EE6A94D5D8B96FDA00465FA6C"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Commercial cargo program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 401 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18341">42 U.S.C. 18341</external-xref>) is amended by striking <quote>Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</quote> and inserting <quote>Commercial Resupply Services</quote>.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id26BB97C3402F4BE5A96CB0BB938005D2"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Competition</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States that, to foster the competitive development, operation, improvement, and commercial availability of space transportation services, and to minimize the life cycle cost to the Administration, the Administrator shall procure services for Federal Government access to and return from the ISS, whenever practicable, via fair and open competition for well-defined, milestone-based, Federal Acquisition Regulation-based contracts under section 201(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18311">42 U.S.C. 18311(a)</external-xref>).</text>
				</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc2920f3753f54f3e940f46a60868e814"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Transparency</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id648B9592E6DD428AA3347A1A8A5D8700"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that cost transparency and schedule transparency aid in effective program management and risk assessment.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA7BF134473EC4C92A0E31C90BBC4E2F1"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable and in a manner that does not add costs or schedule delays to the program, ensure all Commercial Crew Program and Commercial Resupply Services Program providers provide evidence-based support for their costs and schedules.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HAD0D904E50A24DD398B2361C729906FF"><enum>(i)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">ISS cargo resupply services lessons learned</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HD42B1D68BD4E4382BDD7802C52650F01"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identifies the lessons learned to date from previous and existing Commercial Resupply Services contracts;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H0758DBC9BC2D45DFAC20234573800B9B"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">indicates whether changes are needed to the manner in which the Administration procures and manages similar services prior to the issuance of future Commercial Resupply Services procurement opportunities; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HC75D43DBB47D49D190CF0F42226DCDE6"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identifies any lessons learned from the Commercial Resupply Services contracts that should be applied to the procurement and management of commercially provided crew transfer services to and from the ISS or to other future procurements.</text>
					</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida3e9d4f6-9625-421f-a2bf-a8bef3243a5d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>303.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">ISS transition plan</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id81be35ef-55e1-4d03-aae4-29140188fb3b"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id400885A588B843ED9AA000DEAF18078C"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA has been both the primary supplier and consumer of human space flight capabilities and services of the ISS and in low-Earth orbit; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id987D627298FA41439DBF1706E4BB6FEA"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">according to the National Research Council report “Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration” extending ISS beyond 2020 to 2024 or 2028 will have significant negative impacts on the schedule of crewed missions to Mars, without significant increases in funding.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd71522d9-2410-46cf-90c1-7a6f879e57e1"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDC7864DFF3434D71A252186B9FA0FB32"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an orderly transition for United States human space flight activities in low-Earth orbit from the current regime, that relies heavily on NASA sponsorship, to a regime where NASA is one of many customers of a low-Earth orbit commercial human space flight enterprise may be necessary; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id014A04BC0A5F4FB1B2C2AA9992D28864"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decisions about the long-term future of the ISS impact the ability to conduct future deep space exploration activities, and that such decisions regarding the ISS should be considered in the context of the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of this Act.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id339eb2cc-5e46-490a-bc2d-8e99da90d384"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reports</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 50111 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd99df040-8a17-416f-ac47-56fa406d7945" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc16cfb77-7f4f-4310-ab15-5300fe99b934"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">ISS transition plan</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id60c76504-f7a4-4a6b-bf6e-bfd27c41e714"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator, in coordination with the ISS management entity (as defined in section 2 of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>), ISS partners, the scientific user community, and the commercial space sector, shall develop a plan to transition in a step-wise approach from the current regime that relies heavily on NASA sponsorship to a regime where NASA could be one of many customers of a low-Earth orbit non-governmental human space flight enterprise.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9dae00d5-bba7-405f-8869-3395c7149e7f"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reports</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than December 1, 2017, and biennially thereafter until 2023, the Administrator shall submit to the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate</committee-name> and the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name> a report that includes—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id470fa286-e1e8-4706-ac4e-f9c9eb2dbd3a"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the progress in achieving the Administration’s deep space human exploration objectives on ISS and prospects for accomplishing future mission requirements, space exploration objectives, and other research objectives on future commercially supplied low-Earth orbit platforms or migration of those objectives to cis-lunar space;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id38bc366b-0e23-4d18-8561-fd3144c6ebb7"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the steps NASA is taking and will take, including demonstrations that could be conducted on the ISS, to stimulate and facilitate commercial demand and supply of products and services in low-Earth orbit;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddb027d15-4cd2-4f22-b815-240d1fad7435"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of barriers preventing the commercialization of low-Earth orbit, including issues relating to policy, regulations, commercial intellectual property, data, and confidentiality, that could inhibit the use of the ISS as a commercial incubator;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id933E33874C064957886680EF7180EE7F"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the criteria for defining the ISS as a research success;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB8A585C4AC9141428508BA21E221D8C3"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the criteria used to determine whether the ISS is meeting the objective under section 301(b)(2) of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEC7582DC8E2C4E37B774797948967DFE"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an assessment of whether the criteria under subparagraphs (D) and (E) are consistent with the research areas defined in, and recommendations and schedules under, the current National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB1FFCF1825CF4A32ABE148E46E8170C3"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any necessary contributions that ISS extension would make to enabling execution of the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF27A9EEECFDE4EEAA6157DB974C500D6"><enum>(H)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the cost estimates for operating the ISS to achieve the criteria required under subparagraphs (D) and (E) and the contributions identified under subparagraph (G);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id519E6718D8974B71B78F18F3922FAB91"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the cost estimates for extending operations of the ISS to 2024, 2028, and 2030;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9e02100c-7bb5-486d-9a4c-7f2d7ddb7f20"><enum>(J)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an evaluation of the feasible and preferred service life of the ISS beyond the period described in section 503 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18353">42 U.S.C. 18353</external-xref>), through at least 2028, as a unique scientific, commercial, and space exploration-related facility, including—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id03756e0e-6bb0-4721-82df-e4e0c3e6bcc0"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a general discussion of international partner capabilities and prospects for extending the partnership;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide666ed70-80e6-4f64-9865-2c58a91e273f"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the cost associated with extending the service life;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE67652B89364403D8DB679920BFE8675"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an assessment on the technical limiting factors of the service life of the ISS, including a list of critical components and their expected service life and availability; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idebbca979-f51c-499c-af52-04679c7ee24a"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such other information as may be necessary to fully describe the justification for and feasibility of extending the service life of the ISS, including the potential scientific or technological benefits to the Federal Government, public, or to academic or commercial entities;</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF5299E0980B049B5BE86695B15A903F1"><enum>(K)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of the necessary actions and an estimate of the costs to deorbit the ISS once it has reached the end of its service life;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA684ACCE11904EC2B2DC558BEBC70F62"><enum>(L)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the impact on deep space exploration capabilities, including a crewed mission to Mars in the 2030s, if the preferred service life of the ISS is extended beyond 2024 and NASA maintains a flat budget profile; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id74a78437-0e4a-487b-b7b0-8827e9ca9d4a"><enum>(M)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an evaluation of the functions, roles, and responsibilities for management and operation of the ISS and a determination of—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idee79fe96-07ff-4118-8eda-28c2ea46e74d"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">those functions, roles, and responsibilities the Federal Government should retain during the lifecycle of the ISS;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id458a972c-e45f-42f5-b97f-d590721cc7bd"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">those functions, roles, and responsibilities that could be transferred to the commercial space sector;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00e5a36c-4674-47e1-9241-d8282ec51416"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the metrics that would indicate the commercial space sector's readiness and ability to assume the functions, roles, and responsibilities described in clause (ii); and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id66a901fe-a7e1-436b-adbc-aaf2be0827a3"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any necessary changes to any agreements or other documents and the law to enable the activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).</text>
 </clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb64c9e73-aef1-47d9-974e-ea140a515546"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Demonstrations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If additional Government crew, power, and transportation resources are available after meeting the Administration's requirements for ISS activities defined in the human exploration roadmap and related research, demonstrations identified under paragraph (2) may—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9f79d8f8-4703-4fd5-9ea7-4d0465cba10c"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">test the capabilities needed to meet future mission requirements, space exploration objectives, and other research objectives described in paragraph (2)(A); and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc9432802-45e8-4871-8170-7af073d2b1b1"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">demonstrate or test capabilities, including commercial modules or deep space habitats, Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, orbital satellite assembly, exploration space suits, a node that enables a wide variety of activity, including multiple commercial modules and airlocks, additional docking or berthing ports for commercial crew and cargo, opportunities for the commercial space sector to cost share for transportation and other services on the ISS, other commercial activities, or services obtained through alternate acquisition approaches.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40BFA3E717F94FD9BFED464AFD19C03B" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>304.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space communications</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf63297cca280470895bb5d76aad77cb2"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Plan</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall develop a plan, in consultation with relevant Federal agencies, to meet the Administration's projected space communication and navigation needs for low-Earth orbit and deep space operations in the 20-year period following the date of enactment of this Act.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB49208190ABD4FD295FEF3CFA21F11D6"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The plan shall include—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id988E2A96AD3141A8BF24FC8BD274DB79"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the lifecycle cost estimates and a 5-year funding profile;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id702E5CFBC399452090267673507E0CA3"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the performance capabilities required to meet the Administration's projected space communication and navigation needs;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA201441DD2B9440A9A75CD0131D0EFE5"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the measures the Administration will take to sustain the existing space communications and navigation architecture;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6640DB1E143A411181F7C2DE66449A11"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of the projected space communications and navigation network and infrastructure needs;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id78A13EC4BD764717BB16A5A439E06C03"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the necessary upgrades to meet the needs identified in paragraph (4), including—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCF2C2B6592A743E09A75609EE9F176B8"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an estimate of the cost of the upgrades;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7799BB203C23467B9E132195D4AA17E3"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a schedule for implementing the upgrades; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3C56791DC11A4543BBABDA49D074EBC9"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an assessment of whether and how any related missions will be impacted if resources are not secured at the level needed;</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5AA047F9EDA744BEA85B06F63CFAAD4C"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the cost estimates for the maintenance of existing space communications network capabilities necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph (4);</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC88BB54089774939AD4D1096B91C0AAE"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the criteria for prioritizing resources for the upgrades described in paragraph (5) and the maintenance described in paragraph (6);</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5FBA48D24E8F4A129577B24E3CFF1E21"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an estimate of any reimbursement amounts the Administration may receive from other Federal agencies;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide16e5bf612204eff8cc510191f91ace6"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of the projected Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System needs in the 20-year period following the date of enactment of this Act, including in support of relevant Federal agencies, and cost and schedule estimates to maintain and upgrade the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System to meet the projected needs;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5ab36e17381a4632bfce4a1663a1bbd1"><enum>(10)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the measures the Administration is taking to meet space communications needs after all Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System third-generation communications satellites are operational; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbd5fcf6e591847bea528b17e565de25e"><enum>(11)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the measures the Administration is taking to mitigate threats to electromagnetic spectrum use.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id83787275e2134528a87de9b396681a1f"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Schedule</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit the plan to the appropriate committees of Congress.</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE475D784FC354049BF7A17DAFDE6C0DA" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>305.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Indemnification; NASA launch services and reentry services</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8EC7890E94F94E829E203062BFB99DA0"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter III of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/201">chapter 201</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
					<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc0c7387a-848b-438a-a507-11e5573209bb" style="USC">
						<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id50727f4e-e323-462a-9f1e-fc6b6efbd28e" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>20148.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Indemnification;
				NASA launch services and reentry services</header>
							<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide4eba544-65cb-4a09-bcd7-c79ac398398c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In
 general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Under such regulations in conformity with this section as the Administrator shall prescribe taking into account the availability, cost, and terms of liability insurance, any contract between the Administration and a provider may provide that the United States will indemnify the provider against successful claims (including reasonable expenses of litigation or settlement) by third parties for death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property resulting from launch services and reentry services carried out under the contract that the contract defines as unusually hazardous or nuclear in nature, but only to the extent the total amount of successful claims related to the activities under the contract—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide1fe10a3-57fd-4364-9eda-72e296916800"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of financial responsibility described in subsection (c)(3); and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id25814b12-e4eb-49b7-822d-23faa5415e3b"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is not more than the amount specified in section 50915(a)(1)(B).</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id168ff850-43c7-4c85-8b50-0f9ea435171b"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Terms of indemnification</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A contract made under subsection (a) that provides indemnification shall provide for—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id64511387-c228-4d1d-b08e-c225c32c7b03"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">notice to the United States of any claim or suit against the provider for death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb1d1af82-f413-42c6-8966-b62d7751a0e1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">control of or assistance in the defense by the United States, at its election, of that claim or suit and approval of any settlement.</text>
								</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide66d7668-e527-46de-9f31-3803808bd5eb"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Liability insurance of
				the provider</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBB97939C617E402A9F2F35FCF4A5A464"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The provider under subsection (a) shall obtain liability insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility in amounts to compensate for the maximum probable loss from claims by—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA2FE3ED584BE46609B03261CC15EE2B7"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a third party for death, bodily injury, or property damage or loss resulting from a launch service or reentry service carried out under the contract; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id689E539E0870429888BB68F0190B2158"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the United States Government for damage or loss to Government property resulting from a launch service or reentry service carried out under the contract.</text>
									</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEF6F148FCFA148ABB73C10E2EEDB5938"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Maximum probable losses</header>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB341921E86B246EAA2544BBA30C86180"><enum>(A)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall determine the maximum probable losses under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) not later than 90 days after the date that the provider requests such a determination and submits all information the Administrator requires.</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB2420ED15C074E0AA739EF9861F374D8"><enum>(B)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Revisions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator may revise a determination under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph if the Administrator determines the revision is warranted based on new information.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id625181268F4B48EE9F065D2835593EE5"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Amount of insurance</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For the total claims related to one launch or reentry, a provider shall not be required to obtain insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility of more than—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA390562149014B1A90FBB6EC47F17F30"><enum>(A)</enum><clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idBACD4622DC564851AE2E2B285C8354AD"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$500,000,000 under paragraph (1)(A); or</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE5884EA3F13E41A0A876873FA390050B"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$100,000,000 under paragraph (1)(B); or</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF07C2EB5AD6B4737A6AA3F7AEAFFA8B2"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the maximum liability insurance available on the world market at reasonable cost.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id348bdf1ac0f5444e9af4f6d8292c9baa"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Coverage</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">An insurance policy or demonstration of financial responsibility under this subsection shall protect the following, to the extent of their potential liability for involvement in launch services or reentry services:</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida14903be48f94c248e40e011256a7fc6"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Government.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id22A34B82D2EF4FFD9845FD5D4B550F73"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Personnel of the Government.</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id656562038785487E97D9EDEC06A5DE00"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Related entities of the Government.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4c47d9cad42544e78383ba8c04d3193d"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Related entities of the provider.</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id078fc0fb5ce0457e8cec723d4c58f311"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Government astronauts.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id54fde043-e3b7-4c67-a339-e7be54425388"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">No indemnification without cross-waiver</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Notwithstanding subsection (a), the Administrator may not indemnify a provider under this section unless there is a cross-waiver between the Administration and the provider as described in subsection (e).</text>
							</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4887d5d6-a6d4-4bbc-bef7-c6843e7ff292"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cross-Waivers</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id27C423E2B07A4A95A5B6C1F0450443F2"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator, on behalf of the United States and its departments, agencies, and instrumentalities, shall reciprocally waive claims with a provider under which each party to the waiver agrees to be responsible, and agrees to ensure that its related entities are responsible, for damage or loss to its property, or for losses resulting from any injury or death sustained by its employees or agents, as a result of activities arising out of the performance of the contract.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id63C249EFEBFA40E0A27DD07293181410"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The waiver made by the Government under paragraph (1) shall apply only to the extent that the claims are more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of financial responsibility required under subsection (c)(1)(B).</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1DD4DF9D01784FFF9D9883801DF62D0D"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Willful misconduct</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Indemnification under subsection (a) may exclude claims resulting from the willful misconduct of the provider or its related entities.</text>
							</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7ea545c0-14f9-4ad6-ab5c-371b7035c290"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Certification of just
 and reasonable amount</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">No payment may be made under subsection (a) unless the Administrator or the Administrator's designee certifies that the amount is just and reasonable.</text>
							</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id26359b82-9458-4909-b6c0-797f5c18590c"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Payments</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idAA1EEE77C69A41AABA95A9583B0B5C02"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Upon the approval by the Administrator, payments under subsection (a) may be made from funds appropriated for such payments.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6F8C8CD55D9B41DDA85A4A6FF4B7A597"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall not approve payments under paragraph (1), except to the extent provided in an appropriation law or to the extent additional legislative authority is enacted providing for such payments.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8C22287627AC43B5BDFCD3C563A5BBD5"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Additional appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Administrator requests additional appropriations to make payments under this subsection, then the request for those appropriations shall be made in accordance with the procedures established under section 50915.</text>
								</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id112ef9e8-67b5-44f3-bbbb-22ae586c1ace"><enum>(i)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Rules of construction</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC58A6903E79A4597ADC201FA14E45073"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The authority to indemnify under this section shall not create any rights in third persons that would not otherwise exist by law.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9E31947C50A8483AB6870C936004F2B9"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Other authority</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this section may be construed as prohibiting the Administrator from indemnifying a provider or any other NASA contractor under other law, including under <external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/85/804">Public Law 85–804</external-xref> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1431">50 U.S.C. 1431</external-xref> et seq.).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF615C243C4B443BD914A991A188D9483"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Anti-Deficiency Act</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Notwithstanding any other provision of this section—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00B4E887784E4EBA96A1A3C7D16A4218"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">all obligations under this section are subject to the availability of funds; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9C06312A54A540818F4CE1583E039082"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">nothing in this section may be construed to require obligation or payment of funds in violation of sections 1341, 1342, 1349 through 1351, and 1511 through 1519 of title 31, United States Code (commonly referred to as the <quote>Anti-Deficiency Act</quote>).</text>
									</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0119C5D877DC46F4823F54AD36C82D14"><enum>(j)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Relationship to other
 laws</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator may not provide indemnification under this section for an activity that requires a license or permit under chapter 509.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idff6e6caf-368a-4f84-be80-ba4b4e516fc7"><enum>(k)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8DF2DB525139458BB1B9450C2248C0D4"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Government astronaut</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>government astronaut</term> has the meaning given the term in section 50902.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3d2456a4-e24b-457f-ac50-a05ac56f0931"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Launch services</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>launch services</term> has the meaning given the term in section 50902.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide4db55b1-5121-45d4-a762-b960bc25bfdd"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Provider</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>provider</term> means a person that provides domestic launch services or domestic reentry services to the Government.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id25FBA5EB9015440B822083EF0B767B96"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reentry services</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>reentry services</term> has the meaning given the term in section 50902.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id08237CA1171347438EFAE37177809D45"><enum>(5)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Related entity</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>related entity</term> means a contractor or subcontractor.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idABD3C56D5E1E4BE88734773E6691151D"><enum>(6)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Third party</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>third party</term> means a person except—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id42EFA5C89F6A4CFD97449FEE2F10E03B"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the United States Government;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDC7293A01F12425C9A3AA6C851FB4AA6"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">related entities of the Government involved in launch services or reentry services;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id97BB9593594B41E6AF4A0D793528BD5D"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a provider;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id26F02D49BA7C401F8539C5C31BCB58FD"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">related entities of the provider involved in launch services or reentry services; or</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA33D231437DD465FAA13C77A65336DB7"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a government astronaut.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idac006892-0192-4762-a0c6-ce0e8f0c1ac0"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Conforming
 amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The table of contents for subchapter III of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/201">chapter 201</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/51/20147">section 20147</external-xref> the following:</text>
					<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idda607542-af88-4eb9-8942-60317e004333" style="OLC"><toc><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">20148. Indemnification; NASA
				launch
				services and reentry services.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</subsection></section></title><title commented="no" id="id5b97950f-305a-4dd4-9fda-4da9c28a3d29" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>IV</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Advancing human deep space exploration</header>
			<subtitle commented="no" id="idad45be9e-5f44-4dca-a9fd-703bbe050e07" level-type="subsequent"><enum>A</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human space flight and exploration goals and objectives</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1629798e-1996-4964-9b61-4cbe31d6b4a7" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>411.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human space flight and exploration long-term goals</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(a)</external-xref>) is amended to read as follows:</text>
					<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfca76bb3-bb00-456c-ad80-853698bba72d" style="OLC">
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcb5c2cef-5d70-41d3-90c3-dc81321f47d2"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Long-term goals</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The long-term goals of the human space flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc44dff54-a42e-4dbd-9d39-c27861d89f44"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving international, academic, and industry partners;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFDB8B2B2E5DC472F9B3FFDAEE52DE552"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">crewed missions and progress toward achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable the potential for subsequent human exploration and the extension of human presence throughout the solar system; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id75a107cd-25a9-441b-960f-50309ddfa97a"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to enable a capability to extend human presence, including potential human habitation on another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the 21st Century.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf5fbb426-b341-4dff-9735-13686178ae6f" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>412.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Key objectives</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(b)</external-xref>) is amended—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idafa17a17-28e7-4c75-9995-c4fd1a8baf38"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (3), by striking <quote>; and</quote> and inserting a semicolon;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf0375aed-a355-454b-8991-42e53b5c35b8"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting <quote>; and</quote>; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id13c40011-3912-48ff-89cc-d59133bf4df4"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id23cead22-b037-40ce-b1e1-17892af529e3" style="OLC"> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idce57a674-468b-4d1d-b482-7b7f216c60c2"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to achieve human exploration of Mars and beyond through the prioritization of those technologies and capabilities best suited for such a mission in accordance with the stepping stone approach to exploration under section 70504 of title 51, United States Code.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2e70525c-5ea1-4a14-91bf-52393b507c69" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>413.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Vision for space exploration</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 20302 of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4067eb23-ab95-4973-95df-7ef89feb7b2c"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (a), by inserting <quote>in cis-lunar space or</quote> after <quote>sustained human presence</quote>;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddd5a07be-200a-4fa3-9235-f9da7d52e8e8"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd9cdef84-6367-4419-9439-a47722960e1d" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id80d4aff1-f209-43df-8d14-77d25106da7b"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Future exploration of Mars</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall manage human space flight programs, including the Space Launch System and Orion, to enable humans to explore Mars and other destinations by defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning, research, and technology development on a timetable that is technically and fiscally possible, consistent with section 70504.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57D014CB48DC481698A67C759539E804"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFDC9B8D2E8A0471C816CD50A81F32470" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0F387611CBE7481B8BEFBC01BDEAB61A"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF30D9BDBDDA04526BD7E7B5D7A337027"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Orion</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Orion</term> means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1AAD4F9824FA48CF8C84CDE8207F4003"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Launch System</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Space Launch System</term> means has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18302">42 U.S.C. 18302</external-xref>).</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id60d9e57f-5b2a-4b3c-9371-694e7593bae0" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>414.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Stepping stone approach to exploration</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 70504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id98070f9e-cbac-43c6-8d4a-739427c89a8f" style="USC"> <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf9a18efd-4e23-4eaa-9a7c-51490b0f8a8b" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>70504.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Stepping stone approach to exploration</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDE1301734AA943CFB81EF42B8144F385"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administration—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD6976879F53D418FB3AE8959AE9385A0"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">may conduct missions to intermediate destinations in sustainable steps in accordance with section 20302(b) of this title, and on a timetable determined by the availability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of human exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)</external-xref>); and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7079659B149A494BA1E5B93F47172510"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall incorporate any such missions into the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf1031743-6ab8-4c2f-8493-3acea052f3e6"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cost-effectiveness</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utilization activities of the United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, including engaging international, academic, and industry partners, to ensure that activities in the Administration's human space exploration program balance how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on the surface of Mars.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id52df9ca7-6ca4-4165-a81b-8a35487237e7"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Completion</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Within budgetary considerations, once an exploration-related project enters its development phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to complete that project without undue delays.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFA6E183A68C0446F985D484132F0CDF5"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">International participation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In order to achieve the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to the surface of Mars, the President may invite the United States partners in the ISS program and other nations, as appropriate, to participate in an international initiative under the leadership of the United States.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbc0426e0-2df7-44c7-bbc2-7af3282c5089" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>415.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Update of exploration plan and programs</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 70502(2) of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id16bb6173-d764-4c67-a2d8-d642d0384f21" style="OLC"> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddd20eaf5-60fb-4d07-8dad-51b9b7889ea1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">implement an exploration research and technology development program to enable human and robotic operations consistent with section 20302(b) of this title;</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
				</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H85E2C981F8C84B8B9A4367F98A61ED77" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>416.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Repeals</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA7CEC4D2F822461D9A4802A63BF6ED91"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline"> Space Shuttle capability assurance</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 203 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18313">42 U.S.C. 18313</external-xref>) is amended—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H3263682150024ECBA5F7254B04E4741B"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking subsection (b);</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H30F69644BCCC48E29034017A9E804DFD"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (d), by striking <quote>subsection (c)</quote> and inserting <quote>subsection (b)</quote>; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HCC6FF4A660234D679D10B8ACF23A0FF9"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (b) and (c), respectively.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1D3FF7CB4769428D98AABDB090BCED50"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Shuttle pricing policy for commercial and foreign users</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/703">Chapter 703</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, and the item relating to that chapter in the table of chapters for that title, are repealed.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92A7F67148F448DBA0CB28EF82053466"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Shuttle privatization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 50133 of title 51, United States Code, and the item relating to that section in the table of sections for chapter 501 of that title, are repealed.</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00D0D54A1B22449C921C2F1E9E4BE84C" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>417.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assured access to space</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 70501 of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd142d7187a2249369b6c0105afb09368"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:</text>
						<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc3ba2659ba474722ae2319a55c0e95cf" style="OLC">
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4c41a1e463c49d39aa4d8b768dfe8af"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Policy statement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In order to ensure continuous United States participation and leadership in the exploration and utilization of space and as an essential instrument of national security, it is the policy of the United States to maintain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight and operations—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfdf97646fc4940d2aeca57ea456fe6c8"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in low-Earth orbit; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8d698888bd0147a688aac2f9b4ec64f1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">beyond low-Earth orbit once the capabilities described in section 421(f) of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title> become available.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5648baaed2244458a223022c70eb7959"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (b), by striking <quote>Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate describing the progress being made toward developing the Crew Exploration Vehicle and the Crew Launch Vehicle</quote> and inserting <quote>Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives describing the progress being made toward developing the Space Launch System and Orion</quote>.</text>
					</paragraph></section></subtitle><subtitle commented="no" id="id463fa6bf-c0b6-4194-9f02-4d5ef4b0023c" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>B</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assuring core capabilities for exploration</header>
				<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5e96bdc6-c69d-48c8-9753-e18573c6544a" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>421.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Launch System, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddc6499df-c8d0-4a4e-8765-75de2fa66e2d"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idafd890e6-df1f-4db6-91f6-a410248c12a5"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA has made steady progress in developing and testing the Space Launch System and Orion exploration systems with the successful Exploration Flight Test of Orion in December of 2014, the final qualification test firing of the 5-segment Space Launch System boosters in June 2016, and a full thrust, full duration test firing of the RS–25 Space Launch System core stage engine in August 2016.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5804e525-45e8-4bea-9f5f-a5c199f5b9b0"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Through the 21st Century Launch Complex program and Exploration Ground Systems programs, NASA has made significant progress in transforming exploration ground systems infrastructure to meet NASA’s mission requirements for the Space Launch System and Orion and to modernize NASA’s launch complexes to the benefit of the civil, defense, and commercial space sectors.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7A6049C43BF441298F8290708A603C23"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Launch System</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id541867C6B9D0475C9EC57033AA5ABF06"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that use of the Space Launch System and Orion, with contributions from partnerships with the private sector, academia, and the international community, is the most practical approach to reaching the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC4A54C5B4A3E420082CBA4B1827A2FAC"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reaffirmation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress reaffirms the policy and minimum capability requirements for the Space Launch System under section 302 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18322">42 U.S.C. 18322</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id663e66bd-5c62-4749-924d-dee491c61085"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on Space Launch System, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id80c0fc18-4c4d-4458-bf39-dc5e47290214"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">as the United States works to send humans on a series of missions to Mars in the 2030s, the United States national space program should continue to make progress on its commitment by fully developing the Space Launch System, Orion, and related Exploration Ground Systems;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1aed5b67-6e5c-45c3-91cc-e16cdbc00c79"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">using the Space Launch System and Orion for a wide range of contemplated missions will facilitate the national defense, science, and exploration objectives of the United States;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd41a9981-c551-4e9b-bc0a-8fd973c0e40a"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the United States should have continuity of purpose for the Space Launch System and Orion in deep space exploration missions, using them beginning with the uncrewed mission, EM–1, planned for 2018, followed by the crewed mission, EM–2, in cis-lunar space planned for 2021, and for subsequent missions beginning with EM–3 extending into cis-lunar space and eventually to Mars;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8d490e0850374a399eb45ae3868c2ea3"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the President’s annual budget requests for the Space Launch System and Orion development, test, and operational phases should strive to accurately reflect the resource requirements of each of those phases;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4d58fda7-77cd-452b-8b95-0f9454c1d1fe"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the fully integrated Space Launch System, including an upper stage needed to go beyond low-Earth orbit, will safely enable human space exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide47cc355e81e480282fe82bc7d475e4b"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administrator should budget for and undertake a robust ground test and uncrewed and crewed flight test and demonstration program for the Space Launch System and Orion in order to promote safety and reduce programmatic risk.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id82731BC293334548937E8FB81A746141"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall continue the development of the fully integrated Space Launch System, including an upper stage needed to go beyond low-Earth orbit, in order to safely enable human space exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond over the course of the next century as required in section 302(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18322">42 U.S.C. 18322(c)</external-xref>).</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9E2B11848867433BA3B699ADDB2D571A"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE9400A016C9A46CAA8D229D21671EFD6"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report addressing the ability of Orion to meet the needs and the minimum capability requirements described in section 303(b)(3) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323(b)(3)</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4AB58670E8DD4310B42181E72C82BA5C"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The report shall detail—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1232596DB0A64551BE35AFDF9890CD3A"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">those components and systems of Orion that ensure it is in compliance with section 303(b)(3) of that Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323(b)(3)</external-xref>);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id815B1D1CE06D4CD087ED47C084F55BE0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the expected date that Orion, integrated with a vehicle other than the Space Launch System, could be available to transport crew and cargo to the ISS;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFBCE5EB8C72B4415B9B9A2CA36DBF2B2"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any impacts to the deep space exploration missions under subsection (f) of this section due to enabling Orion to meet the minimum capability requirements described in section 303(b)(3) of that Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323(b)(3)</external-xref>) and conducting the mission described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id74C8927F91B04F21A9E12339B5EA4CBD"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the overall cost and schedule impacts associated with enabling Orion to meet the minimum capability requirements described in section 303(b)(3) of that Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18323">42 U.S.C. 18323(b)(3)</external-xref>) and conducting the mission described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6eff7308-d4ea-4724-b91d-073bda298b2a"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Exploration missions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall continue development of—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida0a7f49f-e168-4c62-89d4-5600ae0448ce"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an uncrewed exploration mission to demonstrate the capability of both the Space Launch System and Orion as an integrated system by 2018;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddbc60a6e-0fb1-4f38-9d90-f2e8dfc28c0d"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">subject to applicable human rating processes and requirements, a crewed exploration mission to demonstrate the Space Launch System, including the Core Stage and Exploration Upper Stages, by 2021;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd9647517-619e-4e4a-a410-f2dbb6c81165"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">subsequent missions beginning with EM–3 at operational flight rate sufficient to maintain safety and operational readiness using the Space Launch System and Orion to extend into cis-lunar space and eventually to Mars; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7e0c2a2c-6aa0-4b30-b52a-710a0c5af916"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a deep space habitat as a key element in a deep space exploration architecture along with the Space Launch System and Orion.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id09a12aef-e300-4f8d-9d81-9bbd168385cd"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Other uses</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall assess the utility of the Space Launch System for use by the science community and for other Federal Government launch needs, including consideration of overall cost and schedule savings from reduced transit times and increased science returns enabled by the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idab798546a10d42acb3519e123c3db933"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Utilization report</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB3B545FD319249358869B447711965B2"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, shall prepare a report that addresses the effort and budget required to enable and utilize a cargo variant of the 130-ton Space Launch System configuration described in section 302(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18322">42 U.S.C. 18322(c)</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id160D669F07CD41A790239D2DC0E5119E"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In preparing the report, the Administrator shall—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id87E419F62052437888AD8A90E1284D5C"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider the technical requirements of the scientific and national security communities related to a cargo variant of the Space Launch System; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA86905C6F61E4789ABEA70C9D23D2F64"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">directly assess the utility and estimated cost savings obtained by using a cargo variant of the Space Launch System for national security and space science missions.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBD41A75C539B4307936FD06FAA769D2D"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Submission to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit the report to the appropriate committees of Congress.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle commented="no" id="idaef262aa-11c3-4bfe-9de5-ddf90775b6fd" level-type="subsequent"><enum>C</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Journey to Mars</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id31a23236-92a3-40d2-a44e-5ca2522af36b" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>431.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings on human space exploration</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id433cec1d-f7cc-487c-8ec3-cdd1cc20c831"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In accordance with section 204 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 2813), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, through its Committee on Human Spaceflight, conducted a review of the goals, core capabilities, and direction of human space flight, and published the findings and recommendations in a 2014 report entitled, <quote>Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration</quote>.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idce8929f2-7c85-4d64-9b18-383c47b0ef7d"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Committee on Human Spaceflight included leaders from the aerospace, scientific, security, and policy communities.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00c76aad-bd94-4d79-8829-75a6ac37657b"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">With input from the public, the Committee on Human Spaceflight concluded that many practical and aspirational rationales for human space flight together constitute a compelling case for continued national investment and pursuit of human space exploration toward the horizon goal of Mars.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0f53f128-1669-45b6-91d4-841471f50918"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">According to the Committee on Human Spaceflight, the rationales include economic benefits, national security, national prestige, inspiring students and other citizens, scientific discovery, human survival, and a sense of shared destiny.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3130354d-68f1-4603-a955-640d7be17aa2"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Committee on Human Spaceflight affirmed that Mars is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space flight program.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3e0a8043-aafd-4b23-b679-89d9e36fc4a4"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Committee on Human Spaceflight recommended that NASA define a series of sustainable steps and conduct mission planning and technology development as needed to achieve the long-term goal of placing humans on the surface of Mars.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9795859f-2f39-4fa3-95f7-db83a9d13a46"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and advancing toward human missions to Mars requires early planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-term and long-term goals and objectives.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id926e5c2a-557b-45ba-a29d-c18f92791587"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In addition to the 2014 report described in paragraph (1), there are several independently developed reports or concepts that describe potential Mars architectures or concepts and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space exploration, including NASA's <quote>The Global Exploration Roadmap</quote> of 2013, <quote>NASA's Journey to Mars–Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration</quote> of 2015, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's <quote>Minimal Architecture for Human Journeys to Mars</quote> of 2015, and Explore Mars' <quote>The Humans to Mars Report 2016</quote>.</text>
					</paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf01ee532-c128-4da2-a434-dc4ea50ea1f3" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>432.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human exploration roadmap</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb867cd37-215d-4f0a-bb7e-db4c1f816f2d"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id713ea7fb-6243-4b10-ab5a-36bb1a345956"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and advancing toward human missions to Mars in the 2030s requires early strategic planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-term and long-term goals and objectives;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id102ca978-3fc7-455d-b032-fa37d3a6e903"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">for strong and sustained United States leadership, a need exists to advance a human exploration roadmap, addressing exploration objectives in collaboration with international, academic, and industry partners;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0ee271c1-e8b9-4fd8-9057-2df0d30961b4"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an approach that incrementally advances toward a long-term goal is one in which nearer-term developments and implementation would influence future development and implementation; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9c2d428f-60a1-42af-882b-f61c9cbaf83b"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a human exploration roadmap should begin with low-Earth orbit, then address in greater detail progress beyond low-Earth orbit to cis-lunar space, and then address future missions aimed at human arrival and activities near and then on the surface of Mars.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcb1f9be9-5098-4e9f-ba90-142452609b97"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human exploration roadmap</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7e5660ad-4ba9-4172-8713-36ddb3c69a7b"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall develop a human exploration roadmap, including a critical decision plan, to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit to the surface of Mars and beyond, considering potential interim destinations such as cis-lunar space and the moons of Mars.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id901a58a9-aabb-4932-bbbc-e2d80f99f587"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Scope</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The human exploration roadmap shall include—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id44298dba-8b26-4881-a198-a280032d164f"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an integrated set of exploration, science, and other goals and objectives of a United States human space exploration program to achieve the long-term goal of human missions near or on the surface of Mars in the 2030s;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id62926cd0-2cf1-45ac-b1fd-39093ea06179"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">opportunities for international, academic, and industry partnerships for exploration-related systems, services, research, and technology if those opportunities provide cost-savings, accelerate program schedules, or otherwise benefit the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph (A);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9cbdbf30-b4f3-4ca4-b9c3-984c2d673e4e"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">sets and sequences of precursor missions in cis-lunar space and other missions or activities necessary—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id419BF85AF59B4821A4D2DAC2204278ED"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to demonstrate the proficiency of the capabilities and technologies identified under subparagraph (D); and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id90359720FE8944DF9A80A8B8411955CA"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to meet the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph (A), including anticipated timelines and missions for the Space Launch System and Orion;</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id540e4ffd-c1fa-4618-b9ec-ab6aaa19699d"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of the specific capabilities and technologies, including the Space Launch System, Orion, a deep space habitat, and other capabilities, that facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph (A);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd885b004-bd10-46b4-bc15-ba48bc2cc0d1"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of how cis-lunar elements, objectives, and activities advance the human exploration of Mars;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id14c1603e-cc41-41a8-ac0a-327e76877322"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an assessment of potential human health and other risks, including radiation exposure;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0d530221-6ed2-438f-b183-6ee1e1f3e5f5"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">mitigation plans, whenever possible, to address the risks identified in subparagraph (F);</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id376029391E284BB48026395072EF5932"><enum>(H)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of those technologies already under development across the Federal Government or by other entities that facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph (A);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0C2B465BD73244C5BB46F4F1924B1C2D"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a specific process for the evolution of the capabilities of the fully integrated Orion with the Space Launch System and a description of how these systems facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph (A) and demonstrate the capabilities and technologies described in subparagraph (D);</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6B01E484E414ED89837BE94B0AD8A0F"><enum>(J)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the capabilities and technologies that need to be demonstrated or research data that could be gained through the utilization of the ISS and the status of the development of such capabilities and technologies;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id29A08C7992044B0A8D1C16CF9B8C322A"><enum>(K)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a framework for international cooperation in the development of all capabilities and technologies identified under this section, including an assessment of the risks posed by relying on international partners for capabilities and technologies on the critical path of development;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id48966F387AA24255A74CB5E6C8EE3B03"><enum>(L)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a process for partnering with nongovernmental entities using Space Act Agreements or other acquisition instruments for future human space exploration; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0609DE7499924F6D8643910780F757E9"><enum>(M)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">include information on the phasing of planned intermediate destinations, Mars mission risk areas and potential risk mitigation approaches, technology requirements and phasing of required technology development activities, the management strategy to be followed, related ISS activities, planned international collaborative activities, potential commercial contributions, and other activities relevant to the achievement of the goal established in this section.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7a0418f2-4fb6-43ee-82d6-c7bb75a180fa"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Considerations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In developing the human exploration roadmap, the Administrator shall consider—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7ed3d72c-82de-4352-be33-01214ca5a6b5"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">using key exploration capabilities, namely the Space Launch System and Orion;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc194ab0c-4e17-4549-8ac7-b345fe393cf6"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">using existing commercially available technologies and capabilities or those technologies and capabilities being developed by industry for commercial purposes;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id01f8c383-74e0-4007-83da-20a70c1f5f4b"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establishing an organizational approach to ensure collaboration and coordination among NASA's Mission Directorates under section 821, when appropriate, including to collect and return to Earth a sample from the Martian surface;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id12390c3c-fcad-4aec-ab2e-33bbe469a45c"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">building upon the initial uncrewed mission, EM–1, and first crewed mission, EM–2, of the Space Launch System and Orion to establish a sustainable cadence of missions extending human exploration missions into cis-lunar space, including anticipated timelines and milestones;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id334d6d54-a888-481b-aa07-0638a050078e"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">developing the robotic and precursor missions and activities that will demonstrate, test, and develop key technologies and capabilities essential for achieving human missions to Mars, including long-duration human operations beyond low-Earth orbit, space suits, solar electric propulsion, deep space habitats, environmental control life support systems, Mars lander and ascent vehicle, entry, descent, landing, ascent, Mars surface systems, and in-situ resource utilization;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id608f53f6-081f-4229-abff-cc2e08ea6a36"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">demonstrating and testing 1 or more habitat modules in cis-lunar space to prepare for Mars missions;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id19cc364b-3944-4986-b87e-f95fab84507e"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">using public-private, firm fixed-price partnerships, where practicable;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id488c01ba-48ab-4fc0-9910-cd90d7ccaa72"><enum>(H)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">collaborating with international, academic, and industry partners, when appropriate;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id22396bf5-a689-4b90-a674-ae37a89fdfe1"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any risks to human health and sensitive onboard technologies, including radiation exposure;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id63c1e38b-d300-4f52-b49c-deeee68f5771"><enum>(J)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any risks identified through research outcomes under the NASA Human Research Program's Behavioral Health Element; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9afa2759-7490-4d01-b175-73587283f24f"><enum>(K)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the recommendations and ideas of several independently developed reports or concepts that describe potential Mars architectures or concepts and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space exploration, including the reports described under section 431.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idecf81682-1bbf-4e50-b929-1881b0087ae1"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Critical decision plan on human space exploration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the human exploration roadmap, the Administrator shall include a critical decision plan—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide6a0a874-b9a1-46dc-9465-d0f194fb0e6c"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identifying and defining key decisions guiding human space exploration priorities and plans that need to be made before June 30, 2020, including decisions that may guide human space exploration capability development, precursor missions, long-term missions, and activities;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5b730356-da25-47cf-a348-aa1c6ebe575e"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">defining decisions needed to maximize efficiencies and resources for reaching the near, intermediate, and long-term goals and objectives of human space exploration; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC1DED6DBCADC4C06BC99C7714209DB0D"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identifying and defining timelines and milestones for a sustainable cadence of missions beginning with EM–3 for the Space Launch System and Orion to extend human exploration from cis-lunar space to the surface of Mars.</text>
							</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfc632d60-e741-49e5-b488-943261489a6f"><enum>(5)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reports</header>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCBD957CA340D44D1A38B1612E1CB90EE"><enum>(A)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Initial human exploration roadmap</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD9FCBD72CFCC48C791124E9EBF06684D"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an initial human exploration roadmap, including a critical decision plan, before December 1, 2017; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE5E75B49BD934EF386734A23C163C68D"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an updated human exploration roadmap periodically as the Administrator considers necessary but not less than biennially.</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD43B97F696B64E7D8328F076E3936149"><enum>(B)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each human exploration roadmap under this paragraph shall include a description of—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4C2F888403DE4AC6A608255EC7A933B9"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the achievements and goals accomplished in the process of developing such capabilities and technologies during the 2-year period prior to the submission of the human exploration roadmap; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD3119F4CFE22452C9001F0FABD14E5EE"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the expected goals and achievements in the following 2- year period.</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0D7411BA332D4153A50496891A196847"><enum>(C)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Submission with budget</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each human exploration roadmap under this section shall be included in the budget for that fiscal year transmitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3e62f613-ae91-490d-927d-ecbc94290cdd" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>433.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Advanced space suit capability</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a detailed plan for achieving an advanced space suit capability that aligns with the crew needs for exploration enabled by the Space Launch System and Orion, including an evaluation of the merit of delivering the planned suit system for use on the ISS.</text>
				</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf461691e-04fe-4866-8868-3b4a9121c491" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>434.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Asteroid robotic redirect mission</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id93f19613-308d-46e2-a20f-a706c9b58117"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id15a34edd-f78f-47e5-9760-338f050af0f0"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA initially estimated that the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission would launch in December 2020 and cost no more than $1,250,000,000, excluding launch and operations.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5a352598-c0cf-4059-a7d1-4e368d98e4d1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">On July 15, 2016, NASA conducted its Key Decision Point–B review of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission or approval for Phase B in mission formulation.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id60c28d17-5d20-4462-8dcb-64f058de1ba0"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">During the Key Decision Point–B review, NASA estimated that costs have grown to $1,400,000,000 excluding launch and operations for a launch in December 2021 and the agency must evaluate whether to accept the increase or reduce the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission’s scope to stay within the cost cap set by the Administrator.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id040a5b6a-15d9-42ed-8b9d-f359aa1c6f35"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In April 2015, the NASA Advisory Council—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf71374b4-eaa5-4ec1-85bc-89f44b40c1ba"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">issued a finding that—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id718909eb-f9a9-4a7f-838a-5307bb859ff1"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">high-performance solar electric propulsion will likely be an important part of an architecture to send humans to Mars; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd56f4d25-2a98-4ae1-a4ee-41413c1c79f1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">maneuvering a large test mass is not necessary to provide a valid in-space test of a new solar electric propulsion stage;</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4f812545-2143-4243-9192-02256c9ab18a"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">determined that a solar electric propulsion mission will contribute more directly to the goal of sending humans to Mars if the mission is focused entirely on development and validation of the solar electric propulsion stage; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida75c85f3-c72e-4603-9895-01cd7b8ba511"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">determined that other possible motivations for acquiring and maneuvering a boulder, such as asteroid science and planetary defense, do not have value commensurate with their probable cost.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id41892601-521e-4940-a72a-07a5e8faa3c1"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission is competing for resources with other critical exploration development programs, including the Space Launch System, Orion, commercial crew, and a habitation module.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id629362a5-f458-4d15-aa96-c6ae6263d7b0"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In 2014, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that NASA conduct an independent cost and technical assessment of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2a095be7-acd1-45ab-92fe-29f8a78eda18"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In 2015, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that NASA preserve the following key objectives if the program needed to be descoped:</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idee155a4f-867f-42d9-b406-74b661f3e54b"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Development of high power solar electric propulsion.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idda0f3fbb-915a-4cde-b9e2-d7522e7f8ebc"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Ability to maneuver in a low gravity environment in deep space.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6f25a761-7e45-44eb-bb5a-a2eaea800edf"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In January 2015 and July 2015, the NASA Advisory Council expressed its concern to NASA about the potential for growing costs for the program and highlighted that choices would need to be made about the program’s content.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbbec03fa-3e1d-49e4-a5cf-71d93cb075b4"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfca62e3f-161c-43ba-9051-97c4f6a86461"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the technological and scientific goals of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission have not been demonstrated to Congress to be commensurate with the cost; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd8f911f9-c975-4242-81a2-fc3a8cc97040"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">alternative missions may provide a more cost effective and scientifically beneficial means to demonstrate the technologies needed for a human mission to Mars that would otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id93bec4f8-cf9f-4248-82cb-1615eda0ea11"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Evaluation and report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id38cf87bf-0569-4869-ab86-3078295e51ba"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">conduct an evaluation of—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id24c26890-83a4-4502-a2ef-494d078f123d"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">alternative approaches to the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission for demonstrating the technologies and capabilities needed for a human mission to Mars that would otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd538df51-8986-4dd8-a386-e4ba53f3b4be"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the scientific and technical benefits of the alternative approaches under subparagraph (A) to future human space exploration compared to scientific and technical benefits of the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1fea0fd6-996e-4477-96bf-6608fadd70d5"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the commercial benefits of the alternative approaches identified in subparagraph (A), including the impact on the development of domestic solar electric propulsion technology to bolster United States competitiveness in the global marketplace; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40924be8-5141-44ed-b5f3-2cce8d505e45"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a comparison of the estimated costs of the alternative approaches identified in subparagraph (A); and</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbe5c3bac-3961-4ada-a88b-813a92a0f001"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the evaluation under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4f4d98a5d0e486b92993db0ea3b9e2e" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>435.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mars 2033 report</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf64fa3745c2e4f109b4badd6ef55976b"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall contract with an independent, non-governmental systems engineering and technical assistance organization to study a Mars human space flight mission to be launched in 2033.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3978497D0D6348CFA3637A205846FCF1"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The study shall include—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1173c0b2772e4ab9951eab091be9db0a"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a technical development, test, fielding, and operations plan using the Space Launch System, Orion, and other systems to successfully launch such a Mars human space flight mission by 2033;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4f7bfb4491d546cba637e8a7d151c168"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an annual budget profile, including cost estimates, for the technical development, test, fielding, and operations plan to carry out a Mars human space flight mission by 2033; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id47F8A9722AAB4F4BA692837B3820293C"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a comparison of the annual budget profile to the 5-year budget profile contained in the President’s budget request for fiscal year 2017 under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id50bc122743904b6bb20430fc399682b2"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the study, including findings and recommendations regarding the Mars 2033 human space flight mission described in subsection (a).</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id19AF4D78021E482B85FCE943AD9F4B50"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 60 days after the date the report is submitted under subsection (c), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an assessment by the NASA Advisory Council of whether the proposal for a Mars human space flight mission to be launched in 2033 is in the strategic interests of the United States in space exploration.</text>
					</subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle commented="no" id="ide39e4fd8-beb3-4f7c-95ef-ae9ce5c9bc68" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>D</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">TREAT Astronauts Act</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide80e35da-cdd9-47dd-9c06-c8e72a9c3c21" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>441.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Short title</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This subtitle may be cited as the <quote><short-title>To Research, Evaluate, Assess, and Treat Astronauts Act</short-title></quote> or the <quote><short-title>TREAT Astronauts Act</short-title></quote>.</text> </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id86e145e2-8ee8-4227-88da-340b2d83ebc7" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>442.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings; sense of Congress</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7b5951ef-5a15-431e-9117-278f85f0933b"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide14565a5-bf61-4e85-922a-55219e122365"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human space exploration can pose significant challenges and is full of substantial risk, which has ultimately claimed the lives of 24 NASA astronauts serving in the line of duty.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb906d7bb-6b06-4a8e-b52d-3eb2ece222fc"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As United States government astronauts participate in long-duration and exploration space flight missions they may experience increased health risks, such as vision impairment, bone demineralization, and behavioral health and performance risks, and may be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation. Exposure to high levels of radiation and microgravity can result in acute and long-term health consequences that can increase the risk of cancer and tissue degeneration and have potential effects on the musculoskeletal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune function, and vision.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide8315554-8cce-4254-abbf-976fedd0461d"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">To advance the goal of long-duration and exploration space flight missions, United States government astronaut Scott Kelly participated in a 1-year twins study in space while his identical twin brother, former United States government astronaut Mark Kelly, acted as a human control specimen on Earth, providing an understanding of the physical, behavioral, microbiological, and molecular reaction of the human body to an extended period of time in space.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id19bf39c0-77ca-431d-9286-df3f7548895f"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Since the Administration currently provides medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment for United States government astronauts during their active employment, given the unknown long-term health consequences of long-duration space exploration, the Administration has requested statutory authority from Congress to provide medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to former United States government astronauts for psychological and medical conditions associated with human space flight.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8a9733b9-82b7-40d1-8ce1-0dabbba92a0f"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5ed39158-b6af-42b1-8833-307b304a534c"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the United States should continue to seek the unknown and lead the world in space exploration and scientific discovery as the Administration prepares for long-duration and exploration space flight in deep space and an eventual mission to Mars;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4ca7f311-46e5-48a2-a913-07b175309cbb"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">data relating to the health of astronauts will become increasingly valuable to improving our understanding of many diseases humans face on Earth;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbaa3ba3c-785a-4828-834d-409115bd3d22"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration should provide the type of monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection (a) only for conditions the Administration considers unique to the training or exposure to the space flight environment of United States government astronauts and should not require any former United States Government astronauts to participate in the Administration’s monitoring;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id76f9a261-a4ed-4129-9611-59b17ad0f827"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment should not replace a former United States government astronaut's private health insurance;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide379aa8f-2ec9-4f86-b2c2-fa818b48c8e1"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">expanded data acquired from such monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment should be used to tailor treatment, inform the requirements for new space flight medical hardware, and develop controls in order to prevent disease occurrence in the astronaut corps; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id39fb9981-398d-4f97-8763-c72e54eb6216"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the 340-day space mission of Scott Kelly aboard the ISS—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2c6ebeca-7140-4ca0-8313-8f43ecd763d9"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">was pivotal for the goal of the United States for humans to explore deep space and Mars as the mission generated new insight into how the human body adjusts to weightlessness, isolation, radiation, and the stress of long-duration space flight; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id425d61a4-6381-426b-9f9b-28774b3150c7"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">will help support the physical and mental well-being of astronauts during longer space exploration missions in the future.</text>
							</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaf8fd45c-9ced-4189-9050-7c836acba07c" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>443.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id95bb93d0-0cbb-4295-ab54-89300d8bbc3c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter III of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/201">chapter 201</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, as amended by section 305 of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
						<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7a9c685d-ac35-4d0c-9941-3bc868fcb9ab" style="USC">
							<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc497a6ee-f73a-43f0-bc00-3ab4f142cb7c" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>20149.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight </header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide2a11676-f699-4ae7-a5f3-958f10807527"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator may provide for—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id72DA6AA38652481798AC770422CCC9D4"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the medical monitoring and diagnosis of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the Administrator considers potentially associated with human space flight; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5EA83F68340D4485871B0855793C931D"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the treatment of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the Administrator considers associated with human space flight, including scientific and medical tests for psychological and medical conditions.</text>
									</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id249e1324f2f247bcbf337bc467c3a0b1"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idec8ed521d0e541ab8747c93e9a729f6e"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">No cost sharing</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment described in subsection (a) shall be provided without any deductible, copayment, or other cost sharing obligation.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1e38d1f855a6499ea2974fd443090ab3"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Access to local services</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection (a) may be provided by a local health care provider if it is unadvisable due to the health of the applicable former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist for that former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist to travel to the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, as determined by the Administrator.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8dc736302c704cfbbf731217869bcf75"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Secondary payment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Payment or reimbursement for the medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment described in subsection (a) shall be secondary to any obligation of the United States Government or any third party under any other provision of law or contractual agreement to pay for or provide such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment. Any costs for items and services that may be provided by the Administrator for medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment under subsection (a) that are not paid for or provided under such other provision of law or contractual agreement, due to the application of deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, other cost sharing, or otherwise, are reimbursable by the Administrator on behalf of the former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist involved to the extent such items or services are authorized to be provided by the Administrator for such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment under subsection (a).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id68C960D59ABA4BADB94E0A972713A385"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Conditional payment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator may provide for conditional payments for or provide medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment described in subsection (a) that is obligated to be paid for or provided by the United States or any third party under any other provision of law or contractual agreement to pay for or provide such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment if—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id07A8660AD1B74FF9B9AA792C8DAD9A36"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">payment for (or the provision of) such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment services has not been made (or provided) or cannot reasonably be expected to be made (or provided) promptly by the United States or such third party, respectively; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id84AB8F7F930F438EB4BB43E5113957BA"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such payment (or such provision of services) by the Administrator is conditioned on reimbursement by the United States or such third party, respectively, for such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida5e4c68f-2915-470c-89ad-fc3f496a79fb"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Exclusions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator may not—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0CE89EE8F5AB4350A5B23EA0C3421A24"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide for medical monitoring or diagnosis of a former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist under subsection (a) for any psychological or medical condition that is not potentially associated with human space flight;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA5871F6E77CB4425803DE5DED01CDCDF"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide for treatment of a former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist under subsection (a) for any psychological or medical condition that is not associated with human space flight; or</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id35d7bb0c-9e2a-4c77-a38d-a28bbfbc2189"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require a former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist to participate in the medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment authorized under subsection (a).</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8a230c6c-3237-4619-acb2-09b43aba3d0a"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Privacy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consistent with applicable provisions of Federal law relating to privacy, the Administrator shall protect the privacy of all medical records generated under subsection (a) and accessible to the Administration.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id681e8802-57be-4be1-a331-c5eefafe591f"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Regulations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.</text> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9E8416E46EC94C7F87C969A523CF4C40"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definition of United States government astronaut</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section, the term <term>United States government astronaut</term> has the meaning given the term <term>government astronaut</term> in section 50902, except it does not include an individual who is an international partner astronaut.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idAE883D635DDF4FBEA03765A38135148F"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Data use and disclosure</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator may use or disclose data acquired in the course of medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist under subsection (a), in accordance with subsection (d). Former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist participation in medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment under subsection (a) shall constitute consent for the Administrator to use or disclose such data.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7dac45cd-cfca-4da2-8d09-5186c2a473af"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Table of contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The table of contents for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/201">chapter 201</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, as amended by section 305 of this Act, is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 20148 the following:</text>
						<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida0c13808-3e72-4a19-97db-f2a89cbc0c0f" style="OLC"><toc><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">20149. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb5c7fc7bf6e74f68b2b98a6605bb19cc"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Annual reports</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2977386369414C74862421B0089408A9"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each fiscal year, not later than the date of submission of the President's annual budget request for that fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Administrator shall publish a report, in accordance with applicable Federal privacy laws, on the activities of the Administration under section 20149 of title 51, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD5734836E56A4B3FBF401108936DF9AC"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each report under paragraph (1) shall include a detailed cost accounting of the Administration's activities under section 20149 of title 51, United States Code, and a 5-year budget estimate.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5F51A67A25064F62BA62FEEC551656EB"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Submission to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress each report under paragraph (1) not later than the date of submission of the President's annual budget request for that fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7F5FCC130FE1486497FD6DF0D44DBB2C"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cost estimate</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6FF684A3315B45DFBCFA9DF51AB18B22"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an arrangement with an independent external organization to undertake an independent cost estimate of the cost to the Administration and the Federal Government to implement and administer the activities of the Administration under section 20149 of title 51, United States Code. The independent external organization may not be a NASA entity, such as the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9d7b0969bd9f4af0959b76fcab44bbad"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Submittal to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the independent cost estimate under paragraph (1).</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0e6ed5eb01ec4af997b38b6851f986c4"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Privacy Study</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida6dd74037bf84f70a0e2c4d6295941ae"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Study</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall carry out a study on any potential privacy or legal issues related to the possible sharing beyond the Federal Government of data acquired under the activities of the Administration under section 20149 of title 51, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id50cd13ed38e0410192d833ceadfe6794"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the study carried out under paragraph (1).</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida15a2b44c58f4a86ba20fa830dbe612f"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Inspector General audit</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Inspector General of NASA shall periodically audit or review, as the Inspector General considers necessary to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse, the activities of the Administration under section 20149 of title 51, United States Code.</text>
					</subsection></section></subtitle></title><title commented="no" id="idde4dce97-7965-48ae-9fa3-9ffc98d05f16" level-type="subsequent"><enum>V</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Advancing space science</header>
			<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc2df6220-977d-41ef-ba69-a9a228379c2e" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>501.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Maintaining a balanced space science portfolio</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddb573a7c-e042-46ab-a33b-01cdd1b4a79c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on science portfolio</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress reaffirms the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida3508615-5156-4b19-b008-2dde6e2b2ed4"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, consisting of research and analysis grant programs, technology development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, and large space missions, contributes to a robust and productive science program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and discovery; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id22bc75a2-d926-41c6-879d-fc722aceead2"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administrator should set science priorities by following the guidance provided by the scientific community through the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's decadal surveys.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id25fc6066-5994-47af-9315-a85f51a27f94"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States to ensure, to the extent practicable, a steady cadence of large, medium, and small science missions.</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0241bcbf-3063-4ae0-8d06-26f64483a035" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>502.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Planetary science</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6f5db933-452e-4e40-9ddf-fbf300c1a2cf"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4f3978f-5e85-4d48-99fa-8cb75c44ff42"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Administration support for planetary science is critical to enabling greater understanding of the solar system and the origin of the Earth;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4e28f66-f9cc-483f-8df8-908a64a15cbd"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the United States leads the world in planetary science and can augment its success in that area with appropriate international, academic, and industry partnerships;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4a03ad5b-4f1c-4b07-a820-5d9b446be480"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a mix of small, medium, and large planetary science missions is required to sustain a steady cadence of planetary exploration; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8f2c4ef5-0c21-4945-bd54-8776ccc9f303"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">robotic planetary exploration is a key component of preparing for future human exploration.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6e426754-0e68-4f03-bc33-07e5ad36dd95"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mission priorities</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfe127072-4a7e-4f77-a0bd-f87dd7be9a63"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In accordance with the priorities established in the most recent Planetary Science Decadal Survey, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, the completion of a balanced set of Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions at the cadence recommended by the most recent Planetary Science Decadal Survey.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide145216e-f9d3-493c-97ca-0f830652d6f9"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mission priority adjustments</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consistent with the set of missions described in paragraph (1), and while maintaining the continuity of scientific data and steady development of capabilities and technologies, the Administrator may seek, if necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, schedule, and scope in light of changing budget projections.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id753a31c5-25d1-4607-ac1d-89445c2a2120" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>503.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">James Webb Space Telescope</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc59c1118-5772-4c89-9afe-a1ccbe15a4e1"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the James Webb Space Telescope will—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id143A24DAEC9442E8B06D5F67E84D9538"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">significantly advance our understanding of star and planet formation, and improve our knowledge of the early universe; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA35A25A401A94EA883CA80594286BE58"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">support United States leadership in astrophysics;</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbb685134-a38d-4cf5-9397-9372431e74d8"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consistent with annual Government Accountability Office reviews of the James Webb Space Telescope program, the Administrator should continue robust surveillance of the performance of the James Webb Space Telescope project and continue to improve the reliability of cost estimates and contractor performance data and other major space flight projects in order to enhance NASA’s ability to successfully deliver the James Webb Space Telescope on-time and within budget;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id835b93569c8e489b922fa9014cd84a80"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the on-time and on-budget delivery of the James Webb Space Telescope is a high congressional priority; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id53bc8f0678a64c4f8d328ff169890068"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administrator should ensure that integrated testing is appropriately timed and sufficiently comprehensive to enable potential issues to be identified and addressed early enough to be handled within the James Webb Space Telescope’s development schedule and prior to its launch.</text>
				</paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc00f4802-958f-406a-843b-5b923477f16a" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>504.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9E1338D4F59D491B9D21103F80092834"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4db5eca1-ca62-4228-ae2a-cddefe763b98"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (referred to in this section as <quote>WFIRST</quote>) mission has the potential to enable scientific discoveries that will transform our understanding of the universe; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfcddaae0-12d7-438a-93b8-4b14d724a358"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administrator, to the extent practicable, should make progress on the technologies and capabilities needed to position the Administration to meet the objectives, as outlined in the 2010 National Academies’ Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, in a way that maximizes the scientific productivity of meeting those objectives for the resources invested.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEA011E20ED9D44E5AB2CDB80E3479007"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Continuity of development</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall ensure that the concept definition and pre-formulation activities of the WFIRST mission continue while the James Webb Space Telescope is being completed.</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide894a3e8-1a43-4b7a-b968-9c6d23baa061" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>505.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mars 2020 rover</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9dd9fbd0-e767-40e0-a2c9-908f0cd429de"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Mars 2020 mission, to develop a Mars rover and to enable the return of samples to Earth, should remain a priority for NASA; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3ab25288-76fd-4dfd-adba-c514e3150183"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Mars 2020 mission—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc41ee03b-302d-4dc8-8aba-2880ea4a3d18"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">should significantly increase our understanding of Mars;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb2327483-c873-4f74-8960-122b84a92652"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">should help determine whether life previously existed on that planet; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id005d6ca1-2cf2-4c1e-846a-6bfd3c6472c5"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">should provide opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions to Mars.</text>
					</subparagraph></paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1a85f499-36ce-49b6-bbd2-8601d54cc030" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>506.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Europa</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcf958c53-a8e8-4b3d-975a-dfbbe562da95"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id17d558e9-3585-4c67-90ff-30036644925e"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Studies of Europa, Jupiter's moon, indicate that Europa may provide a habitable environment, as it contains key ingredients known to support life.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf5b2a37d-0ce0-4907-a1bb-5c656d9e2150"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In 2012, using the Hubble Space Telescope, NASA scientists observed water vapor around the south polar region of Europa, which provides potential evidence of water plumes in that region.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc52eb1d4-515e-4367-828f-c23a1f19d21e"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For decades, the Europa mission has consistently ranked as a high priority mission for the scientific community.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1e16c0d9-ef83-4ef8-b408-9f7deca637ab"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Europa mission was ranked as the top priority mission in the previous Planetary Science Decadal Survey and ranked as the second-highest priority in the current Planetary Science Decadal Survey.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd643ece1-bc20-4a06-ae77-8506dad45f40"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd394dd32-65b6-4af2-a219-1f9af52986a2"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Europa mission could provide another avenue in which to capitalize on our Nation’s current investment in the Space Launch System that would significantly reduce the transit time for such a deep space mission; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb21448ce-1104-4e24-b7c8-ad77f5c0330e"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a scientific, robotic exploration mission to Europa, as prioritized in both Planetary Science Decadal Surveys, should be supported.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide3d77f1899af40abaf463fbb42d61e51" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>507.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congressional declaration of policy and purpose</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 20102(d) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id20804bb623044ee590f8489cf16def64" style="OLC"> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd9d82a46548c4882a294cb1c22cb76c7"><enum>(10)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The search for life’s origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
			</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcf0174ee5e6f4e9f92a3357c1c61998c" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>508.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Extrasolar planet exploration strategy</header>
				<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6ed7eec985b84d88b85dd90ed1ced6b0"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Strategy</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id55F38CE55577473DA368A8B6789754BA"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academies to develop a science strategy for the study and exploration of extrasolar planets, including the use of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the James Webb Space Telescope, a potential Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope mission, or any other telescope, spacecraft, or instrument, as appropriate.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id16D68DEFBD35400EB80AC9722DD473F5"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The strategy shall—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idad06d931637f4fe3b804a3f81fe6de81"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">outline key scientific questions;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5483c5d8061844a4a9d35c539f83b217"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identify the most promising research in the field;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id938731d4f9814d459a90ea47c795b31c"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">indicate the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the key extrasolar planet research and exploration goals;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1e7091ac745d46739fc1c85345b575bf"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identify opportunities for coordination with international partners, commercial partners, and not-for-profit partners; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcf3cad726e594917877300ffc98167e2"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">make recommendations regarding the activities under subparagraphs (A) through (D), as appropriate.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3b7030cc4dd74a43b39a97466a1607aa"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Use of strategy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall use the strategy—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd23d8027c7d84b85b43c44305555dfe6"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to inform roadmaps, strategic plans, and other activities of the Administration as they relate to extrasolar planet research and exploration; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6c26f8f2ca89470bac3f91895d628a9d"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to provide a foundation for future activities and initiatives related to extrasolar planet research and exploration.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id18ac9168ade945e5acc6daec5bdc3f70"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the Administrator and to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the strategy developed under subsection (a).</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4178fa3bc2ce4ddbaaaebb118c614b8d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>509.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Astrobiology strategy</header>
				<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf56d3c49fcc64003b85f383fc56aa36c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Strategy</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4F48299932FF4AB58772EE5463CADA5A"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academies to develop a science strategy for astrobiology that would outline key scientific questions, identify the most promising research in the field, and indicate the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the search for life’s origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the Universe.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id69F3167910F74B48AD767A022158DE2F"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Recommendations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The strategy shall include recommendations for coordination with international partners.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id62793d80b6984d17943af77845973e6f"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Use of strategy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall use the strategy developed under subsection (a) in planning and funding research and other activities and initiatives in the field of astrobiology.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id42eae01e2c2341d488d92a36e98a67fe"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the Administrator and to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the strategy developed under subsection (a).</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2e76618dcd414a8697553f6c2ec08de1" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>510.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Astrobiology public-private partnerships</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing how the Administration can expand collaborative partnerships to study life’s origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.</text>
 </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida6fd9494856c4bd18f6b483e4ae44ae9" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>511.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Near-earth objects</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 321 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (51 U.S.C. note prec. 71101) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
				<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA57D7DAAFBAA42CEA15776AD710283C2" style="OLC">
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id93ee18868595487e942c98bafcbf58e0"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Program report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>, an initial report that provides—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd2fb3fd983ce404b8dd89d51d1b7f5d7"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">recommendations for carrying out the Survey program and an associated proposed budget;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf65c98cc6429427a9a16290794d88e54"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an analysis of possible options that the Administration could employ to divert an object on a likely collision course with Earth; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id871743c3cc49437f9ca3f91ba1246dfe"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the status of efforts to coordinate and cooperate with other countries to discover hazardous asteroids and comets, plan a mitigation strategy, and implement that strategy in the event of the discovery of an object on a likely collision course with Earth.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide315ccb9365e49739027f2155d6df94f"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Annual reports</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">After the initial report under subsection (e), the Administrator shall annually transmit to the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate</committee-name> and the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name> a report that includes—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ided02a580856b4a22a0886c4454a584db"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a summary of all activities carried out under subsection (d) since the date of enactment of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>, including the progress toward achieving 90 percent completion of the survey described in subsection (d); and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc64a92c859844b3d9516d52b91b0742b"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a summary of expenditures for all activities carried out under subsection (d) since the date of enactment of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb4960d5831e941fab280164e54fab5b1"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator, in collaboration with other relevant Federal agencies, shall carry out a technical and scientific assessment of the capabilities and resources—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb92323127dff4ce5928f70b42242eb0e"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to accelerate the survey described in subsection (d); and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfdea7e12df37461a81784fcd651897ce"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to expand the Administration’s Near-Earth Object Program to include the detection, tracking, cataloguing, and characterization of potentially hazardous near-Earth objects less than 140 meters in diameter.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida43da9d2bf454c339ff3d3437a430e73"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Transmittal</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of the <short-title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017</short-title>, the Administrator shall transmit the results of the assessment under subsection (g) to the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate</committee-name> and the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name>.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
			</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1AEB7C5779504171AE015208C7DA4BF0" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>512.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Near-Earth objects public-private partnerships</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCAF6258A8CBB45F5BDA8D919542A43F4"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the Administration should seek to leverage the capabilities of the private sector and philanthropic organizations to the maximum extent practicable in carrying out the Near-Earth Object Survey Program in order to meet the goal of that program under section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (51 U.S.C. note prec. 71101(d)(1)).</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC7BAF4DC3E1246E080BD6DF22DCC1FD1"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing how the Administration can expand collaborative partnerships to detect, track, catalogue, and categorize near-Earth objects.</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id454c7d37207e46529158ecd24e1494d9" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>513.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment of science mission extensions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 30504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id70f7c834b05241dd97522aa3b8d2c2cf" style="USC"> <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1d6f1d926ecd4b01b165c14dfaaf8cae" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>30504.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment of science mission extensions</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8700b347c785480fb97ed21646696c1e"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessments</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3A6855750A474735BBCF23B1FC09DBEA"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall carry out triennial reviews within each of the Science divisions to assess the cost and benefits of extending the date of the termination of data collection for those missions that exceed their planned missions’ lifetime.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC03E5FFF6DE64332A8453A7F2C08A9C2"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Considerations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In conducting an assessment under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider whether and how extending missions impacts the start of future missions.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbd9ae569adbd476bb76eccb5fb9b0d87"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consultation and consideration of potential benefits of instruments on missions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">When deciding whether to extend a mission that has an operational component, the Administrator shall—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDB463637ABB0465E9CB677FF7EC3B69C"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consult with any affected Federal agency; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3687BAD5F20745C983AAF50619F2BE3B"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">take into account the potential benefits of instruments on missions that are beyond their planned mission lifetime.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2e14368d3b92479b9ab0b317cbdd1cec"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reports</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall submit to the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate</committee-name> and the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name>, at the same time as the submission to Congress of the Administration’s annual budget request for each fiscal year, a report detailing any assessment under subsection (a) that was carried out during the previous year.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcd6d4370a1cd462e8163a997a201d257" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>514.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator may not terminate science operations of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy before December 31, 2017.</text>
			</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5f58ccb21724450690f053379a514f89" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>515.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Radioisotope power systems</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf7bbb91ea42b4a8fbea1aa1642115cfa"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id945161FBDCF64D9EAC338843758DBC93"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">exploration of the outer reaches of the solar system is enabled by radioisotope power systems;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF2FA2E49317342B7802BBE09D8890F0D"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establishing continuity in the production of the material needed for radioisotope power systems is essential to maintaining the availability of such systems for future deep space exploration missions; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6DCF59F840E24CB9B58475EB61AB56BB"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Federal agencies supporting the Administration through the production of such material should do so in a cost effective manner so as not to impose excessive reimbursement requirements on the Administration.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc0c7815f85794e00a70f623f9d17a569"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Analysis of requirements and risks</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other Federal agencies, shall conduct an analysis of—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id81364b2d29094b498798d4ae9f16f8a7"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the requirements of the Administration for radioisotope power system material that is needed to carry out planned, high priority robotic missions in the solar system and other surface exploration activities beyond low-Earth orbit; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc926c6afad334e159823ad190db9fb9b"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the risks to missions of the Administration in meeting those requirements, or any additional requirements, due to a lack of adequate radioisotope power system material.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5fbe48e04daf4006b9cfafd849304c22"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents of analysis</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The analysis conducted under subsection (b) shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2f477e887fbb4203a558b9411bf5df93"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">detail the Administration’s current projected mission requirements and associated timeframes for radioisotope power system material;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ideb3a517566b34ee78b418d744b700bff"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">explain the assumptions used to determine the Administration’s requirements for the material, including—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf16b54c129b94c538b720283fd8f3b4b"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the planned use of advanced thermal conversion technology such as advanced thermocouples and Stirling generators and converters; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id83a2618742cb4d4bad46d0a05bf07666"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the risks and implications of, and contingencies for, any delays or unanticipated technical challenges affecting or related to the Administration’s mission plans for the anticipated use of advanced thermal conversion technology;</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf717838e5f2345a7b0dd08a834ca669e"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">assess the risk to the Administration’s programs of any potential delays in achieving the schedule and milestones for planned domestic production of radioisotope power system material;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00e1471710574549b249c376e6941e6b"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">outline a process for meeting any additional Administration requirements for the material;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id150a1a7fc58f4865948ce28a29f9e281"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">estimate the incremental costs required to increase the amount of material produced each year, if such an increase is needed to support additional Administration requirements for the material;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd7fa17352cc6467a9d77fe164ae3824b"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">detail how the Administration and other Federal agencies will manage, operate, and fund production facilities and the design and development of all radioisotope power systems used by the Administration and other Federal agencies as necessary;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7ddbf0213ce8488a81e57cdeb1553a4d"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">specify the steps the Administration will take, in consultation with the Department of Energy, to preserve the infrastructure and workforce necessary for production of radioisotope power systems and ensure that its reimbursements to the Department of Energy associated with such preservation are equitable and justified; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id462a52b3f6934d98aab7e96c164d7a6f"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">detail how the Administration has implemented or rejected the recommendations from the National Research Council’s 2009 report titled <quote>Radioisotope Power Systems: An Imperative for Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Space Exploration.</quote></text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfb5c4a89d3394abcbbca8c0a36cc039f"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit the results of the analysis to the appropriate committees of Congress.</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida8898f1f23554d3dab660847b64bf624" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>516.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment of Mars architecture</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida7e037817f0743489b53c124443ff8ca"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assess—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idee3c1a5b60b94bbc87c5ecc330f4b3ed"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration’s Mars exploration architecture and its responsiveness to the strategies, priorities, and guidelines put forward by the National Academies’ planetary science decadal surveys and other relevant National Academies Mars-related reports;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9cc8cb82fae0461793613ede6be175ec"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the long-term goals of the Administration’s Mars Exploration Program and such program’s ability to optimize the science return, given the current fiscal posture of the program;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="iddd7cfc81642142b899b8139da12c8297"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Mars exploration architecture’s relationship to Mars-related activities to be undertaken by foreign agencies and organizations; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idea3c3dab0a174d29a9000de3608ca948"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the extent to which the Mars exploration architecture represents a reasonably balanced mission portfolio.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id95431e479057425fbcc999a6387a74d5"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit the results of the assessment to the appropriate committees of Congress.</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id726abdf57bab4a01945fadef975291e6" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>517.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Collaboration</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administration shall continue to develop first-of-a-kind instruments that, once proved, can be transitioned to other agencies for operations. Whenever responsibilities for the development of sensors or for measurements are transferred to the Administration from another agency, the Administration shall seek, to the extent possible, to be reimbursed for the assumption of such responsibilities.</text>
			</section></title><title commented="no" id="id412CCAC392684DF38DA604AFAAF99EF7" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>VI</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Aeronautics</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF0F374F61F944C1EBE3B14DA0F73EA9C" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>601.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on aeronautics</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide4da02178c9041a5b31b5452213f99af"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a robust aeronautics research portfolio will help maintain the United States status as a leader in aviation, enhance the competitiveness of the United States in the world economy, and improve the quality of life of all citizens;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide4e67cfe9fa24ca7ab2237ccd03ab875"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">aeronautics research is essential to the Administration’s mission, continues to be an important core element of the Administration’s mission, and should be supported;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id38cfdeeef59f4c7da31c9cde45c69ba1"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administrator should coordinate and consult with relevant Federal agencies and the private sector to minimize duplication of efforts and leverage resources; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id45bb48f985014e9ca9639826ca8eff88"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">carrying aeronautics research to a level of maturity that allows the Administration’s research results to be transferred to the users, whether private or public sector, is critical to their eventual adoption.</text>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idba0aa10e226f4e2f87b9bdc4d5514ea1" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>602.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Transformative aeronautics research</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should look strategically into the future and ensure that the Administration’s Center personnel are at the leading edge of aeronautics research by encouraging investigations into the early-stage advancement of new processes, novel concepts, and innovative technologies that have the potential to meet national aeronautics needs.</text>
			</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfcb1872d91b04c5188154ed130e2badf" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>603.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Hypersonic research</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4AC98787E58F45589029C4AFCD36AEA1"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Roadmap for hypersonic research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a research and development roadmap for hypersonic aircraft research.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id26D40BBDA5354CA9B4DF2F7F12443501"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Objective</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The objective of the roadmap is to explore hypersonic science and technology using air-breathing propulsion concepts, through a mix of theoretical work, basic and applied research, and development of flight research demonstration vehicles.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id90E619A61E064C3C9B3B399904AC5248"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The roadmap shall recommend appropriate Federal agency contributions, coordination efforts, and technology milestones.</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcbf37bc8620640a59dca5427e5ee4231" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>604.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Supersonic research</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id63cbeae552c144b983f2034464e54047"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id24b68204134042ce8f60c2a1d4b5f94d"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the ability to fly commercial aircraft over land at supersonic speeds without adverse impacts on the environment or on local communities could open new global markets and enable new transportation capabilities; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcc96b00a506f4053945533ae7b07b790"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">continuing the Administration’s research program is necessary to assess the impact in a relevant environment of commercial supersonic flight operations and provide the basis for establishing appropriate sonic boom standards for such flight operations.</text>
					</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id576c6d934cb344f8bfe6019d3ffe71ed"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Roadmap for supersonic research</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5E6FDFC975BA4E1EA96C919E9B50A6E5"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a roadmap that allows for flexible funding profiles for supersonic aeronautics research and development.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD6F70E62176B438EA7008AB04FD3D415"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Objective</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The objective of the roadmap is to develop and demonstrate, in a relevant environment, airframe and propulsion technologies to minimize the environmental impact, including noise, of supersonic overland flight in an efficient and economical manner.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id652000F60B334868AED042E6368AB6A8"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The roadmap shall include—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf38365ea58d1440189459feda8943bbe"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the baseline research as embodied by the Administration’s existing research on supersonic flight;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8b94a992102149338a70c21fabe5d0fd"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of specific technological, environmental, and other challenges that must be overcome to minimize the environmental impact, including noise, of supersonic overland flight;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida389a2dc7067424eb2112aaf4aa4e6a4"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a research plan to address the challenges under subparagraph (B), including a project timeline for accomplishing relevant research goals;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb893e511b4524f80ac6b48cf04da898a"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a plan for coordination with stakeholders, including relevant government agencies and industry; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6e8d1db7bf594c68a14d212d27f2b6ee"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a plan for how the Administration will ensure that sonic boom research is coordinated as appropriate with relevant Federal agencies.</text>
						</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc3086dfb4bc4437a9371fd347e3283ae" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>605.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Rotorcraft research</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id420790E4C8D947CAB75D0A2BE8CEEF85"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Roadmap for rotorcraft research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a roadmap for research relating to rotorcraft and other runway-independent air vehicles.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id32138F84FBC540B39C39037ACB554055"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Objective</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The objective of the roadmap is to develop and demonstrate improved safety, noise, and environmental impact in a relevant environment.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF95434D0891148E19912A6EAD17C6AE5"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The roadmap shall include specific goals for the research, a timeline for implementation, metrics for success, and guidelines for collaboration and coordination with industry and other Federal agencies.</text>
				</subsection></section></title><title commented="no" id="id17ABE5A50B944F298DF0497EEB54F7E5" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>VII</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space technology</header>
			<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id50af66c5-67c7-4e33-9cb1-f5710994372e" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>701.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space technology infusion</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA0B24A573193486282CB0C04CBC7EB2C"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on space technology</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that space technology is critical—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9f8a59f9bb654b378e830fc45df4eeaa"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to developing technologies and capabilities that will make the Administration’s core missions more affordable and more reliable;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCFADED5B20DB4D8FA0BB487FC2134E08"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to enabling a new class of Administration missions beyond low-Earth orbit; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf8800f6443b14186b278d767d9e09142"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to improving technological capabilities and promote innovation for the Administration and the Nation.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCEEDF0D565E44969A8C41641E5A3F7CB"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on propulsion technology</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that advancing propulsion technology would improve the efficiency of trips to Mars and could shorten travel time to Mars, reduce astronaut health risks, and reduce radiation exposure, consumables, and mass of materials required for the journey.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE2A935294D6D4153B6086D14794C7891"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States that the Administrator shall develop technologies to support the Administration’s core missions, as described in section 2(3) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18301">42 U.S.C. 18301(3)</external-xref>), and support sustained investments in early stage innovation, fundamental research, and technologies to expand the boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6f24e575-047f-40d5-af56-565d1571a64a"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Propulsion technologies</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A goal of propulsion technologies developed under subsection (c) shall be to significantly reduce human travel time to Mars.</text>
				</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id338786CBE56B49A79CAE80E2A614104F" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>702.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space technology program</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id54f59eb5c4144261b3997fddafe065b2"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space technology program authorized</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall conduct a space technology program (referred to in this section as the <quote>Program</quote>) to research and develop advanced space technologies that could deliver innovative solutions across the Administration's space exploration and science missions.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1a0a42c12d184909bc3bcd51fdcbdaed"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Considerations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In conducting the Program, the Administrator shall consider—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaf45e875a08b4085b2df5581e9594413"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the recommendations of the National Academies’ review of the Administration’s Space Technology roadmaps and priorities; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1eda3fddceb44ac7b9bf71dfa590e2db"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the applicable enabling aspects of the stepping stone approach to exploration under section 70504 of title 51, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0384c1f482e748a893a084bd78cda496"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In conducting the Program, the Administrator shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0a27d10494294055a83fe281f58aa35c"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to the extent practicable, use a competitive process to select research and development projects;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idefda9b2fe4de459f81d38a54dde2e440"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to the extent practicable and appropriate, use small satellites and the Administration’s suborbital and ground-based platforms to demonstrate space technology concepts and developments; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9d427168d9d940dbb9a0e3684fc65c5b"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">as appropriate, partner with other Federal agencies, universities, private industry, and foreign countries.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id21d7dbe0ca204f8baabfa03c5c41a78e"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Small business programs</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall organize and manage the Administration’s Small Business Innovation Research Program and Small Business Technology Transfer Program within the Program.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id630f255de655474595f49d8752545b8a"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nonduplication certification</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall submit a budget for each fiscal year, as transmitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, that avoids duplication of projects, programs, or missions conducted by Program with other projects, programs, or missions conducted by another office or directorate of the Administration.</text>
				</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id04bb7956f0224fbb90e5e4c06c338522"><enum>(f)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Collaboration, coordination, and alignment</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id728D2E01AAA1478DB3DE500077F04281"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB4B176CED5674C9EA4C566A69FA9E9C7"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure that the Administration’s projects, programs, and activities in support of technology research and development of advanced space technologies are fully coordinated and aligned;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1048BA1B9EC94DB29FE75A67D6B165A8"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure that the results the projects, programs, and activities under subparagraph (A) are shared and leveraged within the Administration; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEB0EA84F483D4A75B7D0DA0B8C3503B1"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure that the organizational responsibility for research and development activities in support of human space exploration not initiated as of the date of enactment of this Act is established on the basis of a sound rationale.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id53F7D9C5034948B1AB733703BE730309"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that projects, programs, and missions being conducted by the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate in support of research and development of advanced space technologies and systems focusing on human space exploration should continue in that Directorate.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3f1e82ae62644c70becab5905d8a75cf"><enum>(g)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8BA4A1A23A094F94850533CC4D7039EA"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">comparing the Administration’s space technology investments with the high-priority technology areas identified by the National Academies in the National Research Council’s report on the Administration’s Space Technology Roadmaps; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8058747B97AC4FF4BF509F5A7658809A"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">including—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id468A4D86C8A34C7A859561AF9C9774DD"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identification of how the Administration will address any gaps between the agency’s investments and the recommended technology areas, including a projection of funding requirements; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6121DCE1A904A30B260C53EAC328A57"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identification of the rationale described in subsection (f)(1)(C).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2fc07a8f6ec4404aaba52a3de8203836"><enum>(h)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Annual report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall include in the Administration’s annual budget request for each fiscal year the rationale for assigning organizational responsibility for, in the year prior to the budget fiscal year, each initiated project, program, and mission focused on research and development of advanced technologies for human space exploration.</text>
				</subsection></section></title><title commented="no" id="iddff64d0a-c11a-41f9-a77f-45f7279fa80c" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>VIII</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Maximizing efficiency</header>
			<subtitle commented="no" id="id08f7b8da-5cf2-437a-9d0e-a679669d3b45" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>A</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Agency information technology and cybersecurity</header>
				<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8ef4fda1-e1bf-4f80-9e65-3f759baaff32" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>811.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Information technology governance</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA7C7E2A8B081400DAEAF119A2929D270"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall, in a manner that reflects the unique nature of NASA's mission and expertise—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9b3c489f-d1cf-4898-a925-c4fab8a1ec81"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer, Mission Directorates, and Centers have appropriate roles in the management, governance, and oversight processes related to information technology operations and investments and information security programs for the protection of NASA systems;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id737d60bf-b729-491a-a84e-b0b16583332f"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has the appropriate resources and insight to oversee NASA information technology and information security operations and investments;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb29bd98d-d3d1-4522-8ee9-89a62f1366eb"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide an information technology program management framework to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of information technology investments, including relying on metrics for identifying and reducing potential duplication, waste, and cost;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2f684788-39a4-462c-8513-63a33b17fdca"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">improve the operational linkage between the NASA Chief Information Officer and each NASA mission directorate, center, and mission support office to ensure both agency and mission needs are considered in agency-wide information technology and information security management and oversight;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id20642bff-ad56-4bb9-80d3-8402451cc584"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">review the portfolio of information technology investments and spending, including information technology-related investments included as part of activities within NASA mission directorates that may not be considered information technology, to ensure investments are recognized and reported appropriately based on guidance from the Office of Management and Budget;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfab036c6-9603-4731-88e5-929e4e753a81"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider appropriate revisions to the charters of information technology boards and councils that inform information technology investment and operation decisions; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idecf359e5-8701-487e-a7c8-91596ec30a8b"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider whether the NASA Chief Information Officer should have a seat on any boards or councils described in paragraph (6).</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFF4CB742D231459F844B73896DCC79CD"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">GAO study</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id38DAD8AF595745B8A32F166CC6C278CF"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Study</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of the Administration’s Information Technology Governance in ensuring information technology resources are aligned with agency missions and are cost effective and secure.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCCB6CCC36C784644B2DF413B5035CDCD"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The study shall include an assessment of—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7A8C8D6636E54B7C8BC739AE10F67C72"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the resources available for overseeing Administration-wide information technology operations, investments, and security measures and the NASA Chief Information Officer’s visibility and involvement into information technology oversight and access to those resources;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFF4515B59CAA4C8ABBF1F98DF6ED02A2"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the effectiveness and challenges of the Administration’s information technology structure, decision making processes and authorities, including impacts on its ability to implement information security; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1348FDE9094545B9B9A1112A1AD9EC69"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the impact of NASA Chief Information Officer approval authority over information technology investments that exceed a defined monetary threshold, including any potential impacts of such authority on the Administration’s missions, flights programs and projects, research activities, and Center operations.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7D84D183570A4B94A314149675294159"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing the results of the study under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id459d4e67-f3c2-46c2-b3b2-5fd20616c592" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>812.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Information technology strategic plan</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide96a52c7-95f6-48a6-b309-5cc3f4f4d275"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator shall develop an information technology strategic plan to guide NASA information technology management and strategic objectives.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide6ec41c7-dcad-461b-b781-995a158adfbe"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In developing the strategic plan, the Administrator shall ensure that the strategic plan addresses—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id831f190c-32b4-4fd7-97c5-4d37a423754b"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the deadline under section 306(a) of title 5, United States Code; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaf31e2fd-a4cc-4761-8ddf-4d432434ed1c"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the requirements under section 3506 of title 44, United States Code.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6447bc76-7f92-41c1-a8e7-87c26dd33cae"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The strategic plan shall address, in a manner that reflects the unique nature of NASA's mission and expertise—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide9f397a2-bc13-48ad-b180-4da3bd23d18a"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">near and long-term goals and objectives for leveraging information technology;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5fe867f2-a164-4638-b245-f3ee6e6dbb8e"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a plan for how NASA will submit to Congress of a list of information technology projects, including completion dates and risk level in accordance with guidance from the Office of Management and Budget;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id206c0e1e-794d-458b-b132-ca68b40d87f1"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an implementation overview for an agency-wide approach to information technology investments and operations, including reducing barriers to cross-center collaboration;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3c450b8c-5034-4bdc-8634-46e66b6dd6dc"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">coordination by the NASA Chief Information Officer with centers and mission directorates to ensure that information technology policies are effectively and efficiently implemented across the agency;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id16ade0d2-365a-4431-81b6-c30a34acd915"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of information technology investments, including a description of how unnecessarily duplicative, wasteful, legacy, or outdated information technology across NASA will be identified and eliminated, and a schedule for the identification and elimination of such information technology;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idefcdab11-64f1-41eb-9383-900bf3aec167"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a plan for improving the information security of agency information and agency information systems, including improving security control assessments and role-based security training of employees; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide55aeb40-3986-40d8-acf2-78b507ddf9a5"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">submission by NASA to Congress of information regarding high risk projects and cybersecurity risks.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idde442887-d248-4b9a-8401-c2686a907ce1"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congressional oversight</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the strategic plan under subsection (a) and any updates thereto.</text>
					</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7330f1ea-dd5f-47f7-8c03-cba35c2e1c03" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>813.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cybersecurity</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6b70e591-6b36-4ed2-9030-074f45cb053f"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Finding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that the security of NASA information and information systems is vital to the success of the mission of the agency.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf43d99a3-dc5b-47b2-92bb-7f012097df50"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Information security plan</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb93021b5-3e2f-450e-a5c3-bed4fc12416d"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall implement the information security plan developed under paragraph (2) and take such further actions as the Administrator considers necessary to improve the information security system in accordance with this section.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id455f0f00-1dae-46b9-977f-629267722253"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Information security plan</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), the Administrator shall develop an agency-wide information security plan to enhance information security for NASA information and information infrastructure.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9de4c1d9-95ad-4f49-8898-6202be3bbe43"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In developing the plan under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall ensure that the plan—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id09EE07BE5D714DDDA949C3C9C9833C24"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">reflects the unique nature of NASA's mission and expertise;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92eb999f-5ec6-4539-94bd-e623567d6c70"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is informed by policies, standards, guidelines, and directives on information security required for Federal agencies;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbf6c9501-d7e4-45ed-9cf0-1b9e0cf2500f"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is consistent with the standards and guidelines under section 11331 of title 40, United States Code; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id06d6c25f-eb56-48f2-a7f6-4599a5efef45"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">meets applicable National Institute of Standards and Technology information security standards and guidelines.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1ef24849-18aa-42d4-8999-24da0d7dfebe"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The plan shall address—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id703bbbae-5ef7-4ac5-bbad-0a06899e5023"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an overview of the requirements of the information security system;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id91e55f12-650a-4d59-b2a7-cbdc6807da8f"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an agency-wide risk management framework for information security;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id346d97e3-3841-417e-9397-3971267a5d7f"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the information security system management controls and common controls that are necessary to ensure compliance with information security-related requirements;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf2d65073-6157-4378-9197-23143034acc8"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification and assignment of roles, responsibilities, and management commitment for information security at the agency;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id069815c3-1c84-4533-9f57-ae26b3202b18"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">coordination among organizational entities, including between each center, facility, mission directorate, and mission support office, and among agency entities responsible for different aspects of information security;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5214710e-2692-43c1-a10b-faa4754127a4"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the need to protect the information security of mission-critical systems and activities and high-impact and moderate-impact information systems; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id77687f54-9b6c-4fc4-93ad-4e35cc652834"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a schedule of frequent reviews and updates, as necessary, of the plan.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbbb206d8-d45c-41c6-903f-15b7809d05ab" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>814.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Security management of foreign national access</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress when the agency has implemented the information technology security recommendations from the National Academy of Public Administration on foreign national access management, based on reports from January 2014 and March 2016.</text>
 </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1fba877e-b7c2-49dd-a1f9-ef327db939b5" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>815.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cybersecurity of web applications</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in a manner that reflects the unique nature of NASA's mission and expertise—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida00185f5-4075-4730-b567-7dcd23d3186c"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">develop a plan, including such actions and milestones as are necessary, to fully remediate security vulnerabilities of NASA web applications within a timely fashion after discovery; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb133d4e5-f484-48ed-988c-ee387ef3b925"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide an update on its plan to implement the recommendation from the NASA Inspector General in the audit report dated July 10, 2014, (IG–14–023) to remove from the Internet or otherwise secure all NASA web applications in development or testing mode.</text>
					</paragraph></section></subtitle><subtitle commented="no" id="id76d5b094-a86e-4685-87e9-dd651530f550" level-type="subsequent" style="OLC"><enum>B</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Collaboration among mission directorates and other matters</header>
 <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5b62ac5f-13c8-44d1-a0e3-fa8d4b2b1356" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>821.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Collaboration among mission directorates</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary approach among all NASA mission directorates and divisions, whenever appropriate, for projects or missions—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8eed19d9-699f-468f-8d44-b9afb15f0eee"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to improve coordination, and encourage collaboration and early planning on scope;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id517642c9-df70-40c7-bd2d-13b6cdff7c33"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to determine areas of overlap or alignment;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida73b10a4-0ba6-4632-9a7b-5f21840f07e8"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to find ways to leverage across divisional perspectives to maximize outcomes; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id27905640-f391-44bb-8c19-2395b4c745c0"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to be more efficient with resources and funds.</text>
					</paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id39968dcf-2ad7-4589-8d93-d06b2117a088" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>822.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA launch capabilities collaboration</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id285ea5cb-cba9-49e9-9a8f-cc5c62dde21c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idff8444d5-0845-4d54-bfd9-35e4d15dba12"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Launch Services Program is responsible for the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial launch services for NASA’s science and robotic missions.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd990aa41-c77f-4f88-a1e9-2687408fa788"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Commercial Crew Program is responsible for the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial crew transportation systems.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf4b37a20-e414-4e39-b947-bb3f2c67fc48"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program have worked together to gain exceptional technical insight into the contracted launch service providers that are common to both programs.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3630784e-a90a-46d5-b64e-551234976224"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Launch Services Program has a long history of oversight of 12 different launch vehicles and over 80 launches.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc8424f27-653a-4f9d-85b7-0551f183421b"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Co-location of the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program has enabled the Commercial Crew Program to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of and provide engineering and analytical support to the Commercial Crew Program.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id142b3c24-895b-44c7-afa5-481ecf085d0e"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4cbeba87-391b-4df1-b88e-4ca87e1887b7"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program each benefit from communication and coordination of launch manifests, technical information, and common launch vehicle insight between the programs; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8d2e8d71-bca3-401b-9cc7-253ec0fc6651"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such communication and coordination is enabled by the co-location of the programs.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2d932f47-7583-4233-baa9-051384f9b800"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall pursue a strategy for acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch services that continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and coordination between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial Crew Program.</text>
					</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc9d883b1-df78-4987-984b-7f27e534f76d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>823.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2c887803-7e42-46e6-b4fb-54996256c367"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id09a38fbe-ce7b-4179-8011-df222d64bbdd"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A 2012 investigation by the <committee-name committee-id="SSAS00">Committee on Armed Services of the Senate</committee-name> of counterfeit electronic parts in the Department of Defense supply chain from 2009 through 2010 uncovered 1,800 cases and over 1,000,000 counterfeit parts and exposed the threat such counterfeit parts pose to service members and national security.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida94389ac-c4d9-4b0a-82f3-e5f0b5220446"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Since 2010, the Comptroller General of the United States has identified in 3 separate reports the risks and challenges associated with counterfeit parts and counterfeit prevention at both the Department of Defense and NASA, including inconsistent definitions of counterfeit parts, poorly targeted quality control practices, and potential barriers to improvements to these practices.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4343a172-efee-4f90-9a64-4ffbce28aa0b"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the presence of counterfeit electronic parts in the NASA supply chain poses a danger to United States government astronauts, crew, and other personnel and a risk to the agency overall.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id81e7b1d8-4051-4157-b318-378f6337de35"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Regulations</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idefe59e5f-d0da-4238-aa6f-e27e93c965e9"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the NASA Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to improve the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts in the supply chain.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1126fbc2-cddb-4dbe-b5c7-2736ef5f6b73"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contractor responsibilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In revising the regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida3c9eab4-b9c9-473b-a8d5-e06595e36f8b"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require each covered contractor—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd334d907-a584-4b84-a1b6-bbc6977bc131"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to detect and avoid the use or inclusion of any counterfeit parts in electronic parts or products that contain electronic parts;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide6d99d95-7f20-4960-b2ab-c02fdaad07a2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to take such corrective actions as the Administrator considers necessary to remedy the use or inclusion described in clause (i); and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id35136f11-ce51-4c22-901b-6321b5f98018"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">including a subcontractor, to notify the applicable NASA contracting officer not later than 30 calendar days after the date the covered contractor becomes aware, or has reason to suspect, that any end item, component, part or material contained in supplies purchased by NASA, or purchased by a covered contractor or subcontractor for delivery to, or on behalf of, NASA, contains a counterfeit electronic part or suspect counterfeit electronic part; and</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4506eb7f-d8fc-4817-b7aa-14f9daec9c55"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">prohibit the cost of counterfeit electronic parts, suspect counterfeit electronic parts, and any corrective action described under subparagraph (A)(ii) from being included as allowable costs under agency contracts, unless—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC71FC9A822ED4750B99C05688C8DBC1F"><enum>(i)</enum><subclause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idF25BB01E2B65430AB5B4C44AC29EED8F"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the covered contractor has an operational system to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts that has been reviewed and approved by NASA or the Department of Defense; and</text>
 </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id72ee769a-c26a-4b1f-bae0-43c5d181a234"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the covered contractor has provided the notice under subparagraph (A)(iii); or</text>
 </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id39c3245f-0bd7-4043-b703-2803f858bd28"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts were provided to the covered contractor as Government property in accordance with part 45 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.</text>
 </clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id01a3a7ba-4606-48b1-a791-81d9268fb06e"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Suppliers of electronic parts</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In revising the regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb26822ac-e3b9-401a-a345-ae2d6547ff1c"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require NASA and covered contractors, including subcontractors, at all tiers—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf38c3bd2-f3f2-4517-907b-2741063cc402"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to obtain electronic parts that are in production or currently available in stock from—</text>
 <subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5d5b3baa-71e5-4737-9519-1b8cda699985"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers; or</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4014ea86-ec1f-441f-a140-555a0915b693"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">suppliers who obtain such parts exclusively from the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers; and</text>
 </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6b3fd3a3-78a4-4916-b3a3-babfe3875f41"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to obtain electronic parts that are not in production or currently available in stock from suppliers that meet qualification requirements established under subparagraph (C);</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc4cfdd12-d41f-4ce7-962b-aa598bf8218a"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish documented requirements consistent with published industry standards or Government contract requirements for—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idffe1b0d0-849a-46b7-9d38-dc6f5545afa7"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">notification of the agency; and</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id486ad810-46f1-4dba-aa84-41fdb9bb2b09"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">inspection, testing, and authentication of electronic parts that NASA or a covered contractor, including a subcontractor, obtains from any source other than a source described in subparagraph (A);</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida08ea10c-b4ea-49d9-9215-3d3204217fa1"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish qualification requirements, consistent with the requirements of section 2319 of title 10, United States Code, pursuant to which NASA may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4d1f8a14-9d19-454c-acfd-5e8112a40b67"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">authorize a covered contractor, including a subcontractor, to identify and use additional suppliers beyond those identified under subparagraph (C) if—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf1544ac8-01cf-41c7-bd7a-9b04ec418474"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the standards and processes for identifying such suppliers comply with established industry standards;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida1708cf5-de86-4c80-a3ce-922c71178257"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the covered contractor assumes responsibility for the authenticity of parts provided by such suppliers under paragraph (2); and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idcdc209bd-0afc-4eaf-8691-46234f6bc8bd"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the selection of such suppliers is subject to review and audit by NASA.</text> </clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id44b5c042-79d6-404e-978e-ba609d4b2242"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0641914f-180e-4340-9201-37c585d7775b"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Covered contractor</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>covered contractor</term> means a contractor that supplies an electronic part, or a product that contains an electronic part, to NASA.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id18b7e1e3-ce2f-42b1-a119-437dfe0940ac"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Electronic part</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>electronic part</term> means a discrete electronic component, including a microcircuit, transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode, that is intended for use in a safety or mission critical application.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8163688a-1a9f-4570-8ef9-e63d27b9a994" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>824.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Education and outreach</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id514766d9-cb17-43ba-81c1-1abc7fe1c13c"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb4e8e9a6-8b8e-468e-ba9c-c05fa49e9ec2"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">United States competitiveness in the 21st century requires engaging the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (referred to in this section as <quote>STEM</quote>) talent in all States;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92e787d4-869a-4b96-869a-8bfa196cb17f"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration is uniquely positioned to educate and inspire students and the broader public on STEM subjects and careers;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id775f97e3-a77b-4fb7-8d97-8f454f0eafaa"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration's Education and Communication Offices, Mission Directorates, and Centers have been effective in delivering educational content because of the strong engagement of Administration scientists and engineers in the Administration's education and outreach activities;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id04b276e0-2b6e-4798-8274-20256449ca69"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration’s education and outreach programs, including the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) and the Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, reflect the Administration’s successful commitment to growing and diversifying the national science and engineering workforce; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id76929B17AE6148F994D8525C54CE803D"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in order to grow and diversify the Nation’s engineering workforce, it is vital for the Administration to bolster programs, such as High Schools United with NASA to Create Hardware (HUNCH) program, that conduct outreach activities to underserved rural communities, vocational schools, and tribal colleges and universities and encourage new participation in the STEM workforce.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5149ffb7-6bc4-4b1e-aa97-b686477b793c"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Continuation of education and outreach activities and programs</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0fab7ab7-50f3-4437-a7b3-9b330e36bb9a"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall continue engagement with the public and education opportunities for students via all the Administration’s mission directorates to the maximum extent practicable.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id572e2aac-acf0-4901-9f58-a620ac21b641"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the Administration's near-term outreach plans for advancing space law education.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6518b9284c3c4d08821af8cb0f15c764" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>825.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across mission directorates</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id967ebc8b0f7348e6b255886e0739dcac"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id109fbedb162b43f482408e617b1a0565"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Refueling and relocating aging satellites to extend their operational lifetimes is a capacity that NASA will substantially benefit from and is important for lowering the costs of ongoing scientific, national security, and commercial satellite operations.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id38fb0d535d8640949d2b1059121644fa"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The technologies involved in satellite servicing, such as dexterous robotic arms, propellant transfer systems, and solar electric propulsion, are all critical capabilities to support a human exploration mission to Mars.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idce6e415e7b6e4afc881c02651ffa6310"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4255C808FB224A33AF93C26E555C3B98"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">satellite servicing is a vital capability that will bolster the capacity and affordability of NASA’s ongoing scientific and human exploration operations while simultaneously enhancing the ability of domestic companies to compete in the global marketplace; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id76F0C2F5FE774C8ABBEA1BD3638703CC"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">future NASA satellites and spacecraft across mission directorates should be constructed in a manner that allows for servicing in order to maximize operational longevity and affordability.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4ad69444c6124c4ebf48d4fe83c3f54d"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Leveraging of capabilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD5D02EAD1DD74936A264AD190907B267"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">identify orbital assets in both the Science Mission Directorate and the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate that could benefit from satellite servicing-related technologies; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id745EF18BDB754973BC8F68A9FCF0FEB4"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">work across all NASA mission directorates to evaluate opportunities for the private sector to perform such services or advance technical capabilities by leveraging the technologies and techniques developed by NASA programs and other industry programs.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id439C18ECF3854946A2F4742812B898DD" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>826.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Flight opportunities</header>
					<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idca6cd11c2df146bda20c06b4579c8ada"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Development of payloads</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE8AD4E3B29FA4507A0F749D9E5B396E4"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In order to conduct necessary research, the Administrator shall continue and, as the Administrator considers appropriate, expand the development of technology payloads for—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id074E2F57A03C4FEBAA8D661C949838EF"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">scientific research; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF6CCF3105BE7412D93475AD286FBBDB1"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">investigating new or improved capabilities.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4AA1FFC87A5844A9BAAC717B4ED12A54"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Funds</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For the purpose of carrying out paragraph (1), the Administrator shall make funds available for—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id97CCDF27EDDB4885A652A8BC20E4C48E"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">flight testing;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1B04F63ACD804C86950282BFE668068B"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">payload development; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id383C0798B6F244CEA3EF688126D09611"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">hardware related to subparagraphs (A) and (B).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id52f749f61ab84df7b7231aa5348045eb"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reaffirmation of policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress reaffirms that the Administrator should provide flight opportunities for payloads to microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes as authorized by section 907 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18405">42 U.S.C. 18405</external-xref>).</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6652a8eaae6c4a4480faca0fac9685c4" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>827.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress on small class launch missions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7070AD2509D94A928DA23C782306DAA5"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Venture Class Launch Services contracts awarded under the Launch Services Program will expand opportunities for future dedicated launches of CubeSats and other small satellites and small orbital science missions; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide012194d81ed4a75a3a5e6206eebc38e"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">principal investigator-led small orbital science missions, including CubeSat class, Small Explorer (SMEX) class, and Venture class, offer valuable opportunities to advance science at low cost, train the next generation of scientists and engineers, and enable participants to acquire skills in systems engineering and systems integration that are critical to maintaining the Nation’s leadership in space and to enhancing United States innovation and competitiveness abroad.</text>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idfe7073e71c1244efbbba5eb96e0880d9" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>828.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Baseline and cost controls</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 30104(a)(1) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>Procedural Requirements 7120.5c, dated March 22, 2005</quote> and inserting <quote>Procedural Requirements 7120.5E, dated August 14, 2012</quote>.</text> </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4d1046da270148bfa75e82c7630a5a13" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>829.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Commercial technology transfer program</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 50116(a) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting <quote>, while protecting national security</quote> after <quote>research community</quote>.</text>
				</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc6a518eb3cef41b5b86db540daa599f2" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>830.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Avoiding organizational conflicts of interest in major administration acquisition programs</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida5e98f9a0cbc4ea2adb6a350715066cc"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Revised regulations required</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the Administration Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to provide uniform guidance and recommend revised requirements for organizational conflicts of interest by contractors in major acquisition programs in order to address the elements identified in subsection (b).</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id487dffa50bd241f6913d266d425bed38"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Elements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The revised regulations under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida266e4ddd32e43cebb6da5f9fee61803"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">address organizational conflicts of interest that could potentially arise as a result of—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb24d10791c0f46c8a837147dc82f6dd9"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">lead system integrator contracts on major acquisition programs and contracts that follow lead system integrator contracts on such programs, particularly contracts for production;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1a5f414522e24de1976f360b234a028e"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the ownership of business units performing systems engineering and technical assistance functions, professional services, or management support services in relation to major acquisition programs by contractors who simultaneously own business units competing to perform as either the prime contractor or the supplier of a major subsystem or component for such programs;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc0b5afb9e3be44089e7b7341e4ba9b3f"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the award of major subsystem contracts by a prime contractor for a major acquisition program to business units or other affiliates of the same parent corporate entity, and particularly the award of subcontracts for software integration or the development of a proprietary software system architecture; or</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7f51795c893a4d33bf9bdc48b72434cc"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the performance by, or assistance of, contractors in technical evaluations on major acquisition programs;</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1ff377f9ddba48658562b9899137d884"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require the Administration to request advice on systems architecture and systems engineering matters with respect to major acquisition programs from objective sources independent of the prime contractor;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57ac7d9286f24f898d256a43ef3e9a27"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require that a contract for the performance of systems engineering and technical assistance functions for a major acquisition program contains a provision prohibiting the contractor or any affiliate of the contractor from participating as a prime contractor or a major subcontractor in the development of a system under the program; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4487cc448dea489f88830ccc42f1e9a8"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish such limited exceptions to the requirement in paragraphs (2) and (3) as the Administrator considers necessary to ensure that the Administration has continued access to advice on systems architecture and systems engineering matters from highly qualified contractors with domain experience and expertise, while ensuring that such advice comes from sources that are objective and unbiased.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida09b8bc78308458cb93f3a6354542418" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>831.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Protection of Apollo landing sites</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9a3b3cbf5f4441239d7d676991732c2a"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consultation with relevant Federal agencies and stakeholders, shall assess the issues relating to protecting and preserving historically important Apollo Program lunar landing sites and Apollo program artifacts residing on the lunar surface, including those pertaining to Apollo 11 and Apollo 17.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id228303FC20E043FEAB84BBEB0E2E8199"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In conducting the assessment, the Director shall include—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id22D21D744F484026B2EB8F811B60A738"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a determination of what risks to the protection and preservation of those sites and artifacts exist or may exist in the future;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id24D9ADB174E54458B799AA35924CCBD9"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a determination of what measures are required to ensure such protection and preservation;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8275E7E191CE46D3BF152FF404A0A68C"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a determination of the extent to which additional domestic legislation or international treaties or agreements will be required; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4BE6B951C74A4A50AA3600F7D50D77C8"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">specific recommendations for protecting and preserving those lunar landing sites and artifacts.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id85eff1a552954281944547d4fe3d3f18"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the results of the assessment.</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id86398C3CBDBF49AA9257537966C079CD" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>832.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA lease of non-excess property</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 20145(g) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>10 years after December 26, 2007</quote> and inserting <quote>December 31, 2018</quote>.</text> </section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id90C8ED4CE1994A6484749F1257296F7E" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>833.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Termination liability</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id10D216C6F943444F88F87FC158793B9C"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the ISS, the Space Launch System, and the Orion will enable the Nation to continue operations in low-Earth orbit and to send its astronauts to deep space;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6E869B057F264A74B6F04C36DCC18C7A"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the James Webb Space Telescope will revolutionize our understanding of star and planet formation and how galaxies evolved, and will advance the search for the origins of our universe;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB803506BF3B04982AE805C0A0F16D68F"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">as a result of their unique capabilities and their critical contribution to the future of space exploration, these systems have been designated by Congress and the Administration as priority investments;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id904639E2C9F946ED978F203F9285EF5B"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contractors are currently holding program funding, estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars, to cover the potential termination liability should the Government choose to terminate a program for convenience;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2AF0E28A086843BF8297612A908A5099"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">as a result, hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars are unavailable for meaningful work on these programs;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCD1E17876C70465C8C193C8D1B70CB78"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">according to the Government Accountability Office, the Administration procures most of its goods and services through contracts, and it terminates very few of them;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE00A919EF3A845DD9CC03350D83B5F8E"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in fiscal year 2010, the Administration terminated 28 of 16,343 active contracts and orders, a termination rate of about 0.17 percent; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA64831685FA84735AA29A376B6753D71"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration should vigorously pursue a policy on termination liability that maximizes the utilization of its appropriated funds to make maximum progress in meeting established technical goals and schedule milestones on these high-priority programs.</text>
 </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id757E7CE454354277B71F60A392BD8C8E" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>834.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Independent reviews</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB7109D5B0A724F32947C8F6EA524BBD5"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration’s procedures for conducting independent reviews of projects and programs at lifecycle milestones;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF2E1E8EEF7FB41CEAC6B1EA99D81BE93"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">how the Administration ensures the independence of the individuals who conduct those reviews prior to their assignment;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id527FCAD43967411CA1E05C26067E18D5"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the internal and external entities independent of project and program management that conduct reviews of projects and programs at life cycle milestones; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57A3BFD303FA4B419C21B80C11235D3B"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">how the Administration ensures the independence of such entities and their members.</text> </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id348204B91F6C4DFD863E08DE673EA517" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>835.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA Advisory Council</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB9CE2CC33E4447A38345A5AA418C64FE"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Assessment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Public Administration to assess the effectiveness of the NASA Advisory Council and to make recommendations to Congress for any change to—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id27423BDEC3AF43318D85ABB01E0D7211"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the functions of the Council;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4409A93101B841E8B5732C40935F0D83"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the appointment of members to the Council;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id23FD1265A1CF4AEBA3842D695F129578"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the qualifications for members of the Council;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id451B6F282AD84CDD9C0B2B3FEC957F4F"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the duration of terms of office for members of the Council;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2A236680B4944F5EAE46DC20CD1804BB"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the frequency of meetings of the Council;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id67895459151042B2BFFC42EC6E58AED7"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the structure of leadership and Committees of the Council; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id25C2C606BF414667942B3C6820A8886E"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the levels of professional staffing for the Council.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4191674D9BC94D43A720A57A7BCFB593"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Considerations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the assessment under subsection (a), the National Academy of Public Administration shall—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6F2C277A203D4DD9B1B3283E0D405CFD"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider the impacts of broadening the Council’s role to include providing consultation and advice to Congress under section 20113(g) of title 51, United States Code;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD822EE54FCA048018F640B78C8F1F87E"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider the past activities of the Council and the activities of other analogous Federal advisory bodies; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2A73834406564DEAA6A6CEC1DFBAAD11"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any other issues that the National Academy of Public Administration determines could potentially impact the effectiveness of the Council.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4595F9F3B7974B9E9BB5D814763F6B32"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The National Academy of Public Administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the results of the assessment, including any recommendations.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC027C0314A14403FBE3DB1EE39EEF634"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consultation and advice</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7929207FCDF04E79B3E22853E28316F4"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 20113(g) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting <quote>and Congress</quote> after <quote>advice to the Administration</quote>.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7A77AE78E49B46B5A55E34CD6A21CB77"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sunset</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Effective September 30, 2017, section 20113(g) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>and Congress</quote>.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8B0F23AF317B46E98A7E2AA6659F0BBF" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>836.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cost estimation</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id76586075BE9149BB889DE26C14385E79"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE39BFBFEC50E4508A6216F1F4E394CD4"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">realistic cost estimating is critically important to the ultimate success of major space development projects; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7147C93220A041459A385A66495653A0"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration has devoted significant efforts over the past 5 years to improving its cost estimating capabilities, but it is important that the Administration continue its efforts to develop and implement guidance in establishing realistic cost estimates.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id05489f6ecade48418c5363dd314a2afa"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Guidance and criteria</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall provide to its acquisition programs and projects, in a manner consistent with the Administration’s Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements—</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id610cda610f1542228221baf80155b54c"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">guidance on when to use an Independent Cost Estimate and Independent Cost Assessment; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4f6c3ecfb1554fae97c83a3d8b8ae038"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">criteria to use to make a determination under paragraph (1).</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE17EA50FB8BD47DA8CDB75D076002CAA" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>837.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Facilities and infrastructure</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDBEA3C19B0C549629B72FD6E8D2303C5"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7D4E1276EA1B4040B320063FA5BC988F"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration must address, mitigate, and reverse, where possible, the deterioration of its facilities and infrastructure, as their condition is hampering the effectiveness and efficiency of research performed by both the Administration and industry participants making use of Administration facilities, thus harming the competitiveness of the United States aerospace industry;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3501A466706D4609AE9042A051792FB4"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Administration has a role in providing laboratory capabilities to industry participants that are not economically viable as commercial entities and thus are not available elsewhere;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id22B93C96D8F5480385F2E636987CA11B"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to ensure continued access to reliable and efficient world-class facilities by researchers, the Administration should establish strategic partnerships with other Federal agencies, State agencies, FAA-licensed spaceports, institutions of higher education, and industry, as appropriate; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9A6252D10AEE42829E036B99475B285E"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">decisions on whether to dispose of, maintain, or modernize existing facilities must be made in the context of meeting Administration and other needs, including those required to meet the activities supporting the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of this Act, considering other national laboratory needs as the Administrator deems appropriate.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id82618B8183E544F9BFC0653A46774E7F"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States that the Administration maintain reliable and efficient facilities and infrastructure and that decisions on whether to dispose of, maintain, or modernize existing facilities or infrastructure be made in the context of meeting future Administration needs.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA419DC3BEC664494AF14220322D44131"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Plan</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9F99A97BB18D4D90B75A2442D4917525"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall develop a facilities and infrastructure plan.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id85B2794E4CB340FC811317C41F3E701B"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Goal</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The goal of the plan is to position the Administration to have the facilities and infrastructure, including laboratories, tools, and approaches, necessary to meet future Administration and other Federal agencies’ laboratory needs.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8838345FA97B46C89784042202298729"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The plan shall identify—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7BB090B4F5534A36A8698D609B70F709"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">current Administration and other Federal agency laboratory needs;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4CA8CDCE1C4E4C3BBE44400ABF1E38DC"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">future Administration research and development and testing needs;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF8BDF5D1B3104143B64CC43EAB6D9EA7"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a strategy for identifying facilities and infrastructure that are candidates for disposal, that is consistent with the national strategic direction set forth in—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id61C7AA71D2934E17A195151830060793"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the National Space Policy;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5B0FD78519F943FEBAD5E64FF24DC48E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the National Aeronautics Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Infrastructure Plan;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBDCEDDD893E3499A8A86EDD90FA0CAAF"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/155">Public Law 109–155</external-xref>; 119 Stat. 2895), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/110/422">Public Law 110–422</external-xref>; 122 Stat. 4779), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18301">42 U.S.C. 18301</external-xref> et seq.); and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4DC47D1A1AEF4481B694A27AC95A53AC"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of this Act;</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6150B5507DA045DCB436EBFA75878BF7"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a strategy for the maintenance, repair, upgrading, and modernization of Administration facilities and infrastructure, including laboratories and equipment;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id648F8D1DC4B149D096B1D98F239D80E5"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">criteria for—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6019C2492E614C3DAA63CCCD2A5590AE"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">prioritizing deferred maintenance tasks;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id393997A0D9CF40DA8447B345E1D9E153"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">maintaining, repairing, upgrading, or modernizing Administration facilities and infrastructure; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCAC6F05D8CAF4ADA9751584068907FCB"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">implementing processes, plans, and policies for guiding the Administration’s Centers on whether to maintain, repair, upgrade, or modernize a facility or infrastructure and for determining the type of instrument to be used;</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC24C4A59BFDB49269F51E33F7F361B8D"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an assessment of modifications needed to maximize usage of facilities that offer unique and highly specialized benefits to the aerospace industry and the American public; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7F77A452AE474271836CE033B4BA251A"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">implementation steps, including a timeline, milestones, and an estimate of resources required for carrying out the plan.</text>
							</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id303CE79A759B45F2915DBD38659B973A"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirement To establish policy</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40E9E82682814F7A9B8063478872E696"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish and make publicly available a policy that guides the Administration’s use of existing authorities to out-grant, lease, excess to the General Services Administration, sell, decommission, demolish, or otherwise transfer property, facilities, or infrastructure.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3639EBFFEB2645D0A88FCCA5AD7BDC3E"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Criteria</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The policy shall include criteria for the use of authorities, best practices, standardized procedures, and guidelines for how to appropriately manage property, facilities, and infrastructure.</text>
 </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id99D32833E2BD466EBDDCF00820198C94"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Submission to Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the plan developed under subsection (c).</text>
 </subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40D9267424724D8C9790FC2AA2719208" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>838.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Human space flight accident investigations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 70702 of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id71115576C0254A1AA504D563B2EAC0AE"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by amending subsection (a)(3) to read as follows:</text>
						<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id02b4310c2314401493026c3c01a76c90" style="OLC">
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf0429d26e49a4270b6614c64bee83918"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any other orbital or suborbital space vehicle carrying humans that is—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id36D7BA9D697645C2AA0544BE87CFBF9D"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">owned by the Federal Government; or</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id95e1460d927a442ca107d4a1519552d4"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">being used pursuant to a contract or Space Act Agreement with the Federal Government for carrying a government astronaut or a researcher funded by the Federal Government; or</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id912FB2E2CC5D4AF38DBA40BF01B46ABC"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCB719BA0FDEF4C48B9728BF0F7F384D4" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id57023B5EA5AC433981D1DB318D61D185"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id750A8E8A67C04A54962176994BB8BB49"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Government astronaut</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>government astronaut</term> has the meaning given the term in section 50902.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB05C098EBA6C4F1EA5C53EC122C98CE0"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Act Agreement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Space Act Agreement</term> means an agreement entered into by the Administration pursuant to its other transactions authority under section 20113(e).</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
					</paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id103ca2cb33434a98af0e6b382c84b04d" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>839.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Orbital debris</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5f0956af94844279a52eb146203a90ef"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id069937377EE74B8697A35181DE5CE832"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">orbital debris poses serious risks to the operational space capabilities of the United States;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6D19FD703AE4F298BE446C74CCB73F4"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an international commitment and integrated strategic plan are needed to mitigate the growth of orbital debris wherever possible; and</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7D19DB62797845D8984D57E2700D6CDB"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the delay in the Office of Science and Technology Policy’s submission of a report on the status of international coordination and development of orbital debris mitigation strategies is inconsistent with such risks.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idb27283f76164462181b952db03600295"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Reports</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4007311bab6049069524fed6ffc537be"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Coordination</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of efforts to coordinate with foreign countries within the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee to mitigate the effects and growth of orbital debris under section 1202(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18441">42 U.S.C. 18441(b)(1)</external-xref>).</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id197ef8766ba84f71afa6295536a2c6b9"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mitigation strategy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of the orbital debris mitigation strategy required under section 1202(b)(2) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18441">42 U.S.C. 18441(b)(2)</external-xref>).</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida9e936a0bc8b4eb6942c474027109b95" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>840.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Review of orbital debris removal concepts</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id23ad283390544aa0b69f0874a02f7819"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6D1FB7ADBBEE4222810F2BD8D9A4B749"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">orbital debris in low-Earth orbit poses significant risks to spacecraft;</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6D2D6CAA80B44395AA4EEEC9F3EBF6A7"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such orbital debris may increase due to collisions between existing debris objects; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDDDEB674D4CE4E41A9823F8D56AD210E"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">understanding options to address and remove orbital debris is important for ensuring safe and effective spacecraft operations in low-Earth orbit.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id58300331dfb744afa8b02c1d804bbb3c"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Review</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4A09F0E6D3024727A423CDA5CE62CAED"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0B390BE848F643D69B54B4DE2457CF3C"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in collaboration with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall solicit and review concepts and options for removing orbital debris from low-Earth orbit; and</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id26985F3D48614D8E85F9B6BC81C38C75"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the solicitation and review under subparagraph (A), including recommendations on the best options for decreasing the risks associated with orbital debris.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id01F84F5BEB2F42AB844EE826A4F927E1"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The solicitation and review under paragraph (1) shall address the requirements for and feasibility of developing and implementing each of the options.</text>
						</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC085DDC86F8A4E098D2EA07A0A956192" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>841.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space Act Agreements</header>
 <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE4EA27A60F3243789D654D3709ADE57B"><enum>(a)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that, when used appropriately, Space Act Agreements can provide significant value in furtherance of NASA's mission.</text>
 </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd1219f2d21744aeca5820183db842256"><enum>(b)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Funded Space Act Agreements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">To the extent appropriate, the Administrator shall seek to maximize the value of contributions provided by other parties under a funded Space Act Agreement in order to advance NASA’s mission.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6D672EB39E314E4E8AEE5C77E4DBBE66"><enum>(c)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Non-exclusivity</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9415255B05DD4A42AD5BBB4D4835CC5E"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, issue each Space Act Agreement—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE1B80A7EE0B44CA3AB244672110C854A"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">except as provided in paragraph (2), on a nonexclusive basis;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00A06979A47043FD9FC5CE549543E9D3"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in a manner that ensures all non-government parties have equal access to NASA resources; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCC9D1C1D7BD14701B3BFB1069198BE33"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">exercising reasonable care not to reveal unique or proprietary information.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idAA70A952369742128CA15CA862905C5D"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Exclusivity</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Administrator determines an exclusive arrangement is necessary, the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, issue the Space Act Agreement—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7049002345EA4657858F1022B92F658F"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">utilizing a competitive selection process when exclusive arrangements are necessary; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id145E2DE8C5AD45AD9CF0AD732EC90190"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">pursuant to public announcements when exclusive arrangements are necessary.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idd890cbfc7594408182b462c42468021b"><enum>(d)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Transparency</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall publicly disclose on the Administration’s website and make available in a searchable format each Space Act Agreement, including an estimate of committed NASA resources and the expected benefits to agency objectives for each agreement, with appropriate redactions for proprietary, sensitive, or classified information, not later than 60 days after such agreement is signed by the parties.</text>
					</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9A5BCD1B460F4E499B6E86012AEC65AB"><enum>(e)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Annual reports</header>
 <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ida40ad6072f09475d8c2fb604b36da58c"><enum>(1)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Requirement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the use of Space Act Agreement authority by the Administration during the previous fiscal year.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3fee149ecf60499f9d89f3e53c54f094"><enum>(2)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The report shall include for each Space Act Agreement in effect at the time of the report—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id12b61f5f47f24535b24d934220c589ca"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an indication of whether the agreement is a reimbursable, non-reimbursable, or funded Space Act Agreement;</text>
 </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ide5bd06d1e2df4173a7f05edda9fa8a4e"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbb57c085977f4ce896c4114c4aac1edc"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the subject and terms;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9aa147a83f6645b39bfa567fd2a1aa3a"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the parties;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idbe259c0705164aaaa61fe5ce61bc94dd"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the responsible—</text>
 <subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc6002136f8744cdf880a10a3aa9de44d"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Mission Directorate;</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2911e70c38074f5cbb555ffa64f37571"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Center; or</text>
 </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id807da280693d45fb8a5657c6dd73d06c"><enum>(III)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">headquarters element;</text> </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6b477caf17a144b798488f88bdfb5989"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the value;</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idc9818b3ecde14b998a2fbfbae1d77134"><enum>(v)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the extent of the cost sharing among Federal Government and non-Federal sources;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id31bd2e608e6240d7ade232d0081c4160"><enum>(vi)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the time period or schedule; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id69f72f11d84a4323b52b89dc1a477114"><enum>(vii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">all milestones; and</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1b87ef4a618a4c24b5ca6127072f2c2b"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an indication of whether the agreement was renewed during the previous fiscal year.</text>
 </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id75919dda62ac4035a8aca75c926d95b6"><enum>(3)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Anticipated agreements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The report shall include a list of all anticipated reimbursable, non-reimbursable, and funded Space Act Agreements for the upcoming fiscal year.</text>
 </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idaaba277fc55f468794e9ff0f552d95c2"><enum>(4)</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cumulative program benefits</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The report shall include, with respect to each Space Act Agreement covered by the report, a summary of—</text>
 <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92756e23a3dd46ca96fe073692db85eb"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the technology areas in which research projects were conducted under that agreement;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id79f7eb375a314b93a6e94e33f0eb779e"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the extent to which the use of that agreement—</text>
 <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id88d7823dc2b4490aaa054ba05af54ae6"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has contributed to a broadening of the technology and industrial base available for meeting Administration needs; and</text>
 </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0a039b215d8a4634a866aec31f39a76f"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has fostered within the technology and industrial base new relationships and practices that support the United States; and</text>
 </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCB8939537512478F83C39920EA2E757F"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the total amount of value received by the Federal Government during the fiscal year under that agreement.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section></subtitle></title></legis-body><attestation><attestation-group><attestation-date chamber="Senate" date="20170217" legis-day="20170217">Passed the Senate February 17 (legislative day, February 16), 2017.</attestation-date><attestor display="yes">Julie E. Adams,</attestor><role>Secretary</role></attestation-group></attestation></bill>


