113 HR 3212 RS: Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2013
U.S. House of Representatives
2013-12-17
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title and table of contents(a)This Act may be cited as the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2013
.(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.Sec. 2. Findings; sense of Congress; purposes.Sec. 3. Definitions.Title I—Department of State ActionsSec. 101. Annual report.Sec. 102. Standards and assistance.Sec. 103. Memorandum of understanding.Sec. 104. Notification of congressional representatives.Title II—Presidential ActionsSec. 201. Presidential actions in response to unresolved cases.Sec. 202. Presidential actions in response to patterns of noncooperation in cases of international
child abductions.Sec. 203. Consultations with foreign governments.Sec. 204. Report to Congress.Sec. 205. Presidential actions.Sec. 206. Presidential waiver.Sec. 207. Publication in Federal Register.Sec. 208. Termination of Presidential actions.2.Findings; sense of Congress; purposes(a)Congress finds the following:(1)Sean Goldman, a United States citizen and resident of New Jersey, was abducted from the United
States in 2004 and separated from his father, David Goldman, who spent
nearly six years battling for the return of his son from Brazil before
Sean was finally returned to Mr. Goldman’s custody on December 24, 2009.(2)The Department of State’s Office of Children’s Issues, which serves as the Central Authority of the
United States for the purposes of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil
Aspects of International Child Abduction, has received thousands of
requests since 2007 for assistance in the return to the United States of
children who have been abducted by a parent or other legal guardian to
another country. For a variety of reasons reflecting the significant
obstacles to the recovery of abducted children, as well as the legal and
factual complexity involving such cases, not all cases are reported to the
Central Authority of the United States.(3)More than one thousand outgoing international child abductions are reported to the Central
Authority of the United States every year.(4)Only about half of the children abducted from the United States to countries with which the United
States enjoys reciprocal obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention
are returned to the United States.(5)The United States and Convention countries have expressed their desire, through the Hague Abduction
Convention, to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of their wrongful removal or retention
and to establish procedures to ensure their prompt return to the State of
their habitual residence, as well as to secure protection for rights of
access.
.(6)Compliance by the United States and Convention countries depends on the actions of their designated
central authorities, the performance of their judiciaries as reflected in
the legal process and decisions rendered to enforce or effectuate the
Hague Abduction Convention, and the ability and willingness of their law
enforcement to insure the swift enforcement of orders rendered pursuant to
the Hague Abduction Convention.(7)According to data compiled by the Central Authority of the United States, approximately 40 percent
of abduction cases and access cases involve children taken from the United
States to countries with which the United States does not have Hague
Abduction Convention obligations or other agreements relating to the
resolution of abduction cases and access cases.(8)According to the Department of State’s April 2010 Report on Compliance with the Hague Convention on
the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, parental child abduction jeopardizes the child and has substantial long-term consequences for both
the child and the left-behind parent.
.(9)Abducted children are at risk of serious emotional and psychological problems and have been found
to experience anxiety, eating problems, nightmares, mood swings, sleep
disturbances, aggressive behavior, resentment, guilt and fearfulness, and
as adults may struggle with identity issues, personal relationships, and
parenting.(10)Left-behind parents may encounter substantial psychological and emotional problems, and few have
the extraordinary financial resources necessary to pursue individual civil
or criminal remedies in both the United States and a foreign country, even
where available, or to engage in repeated foreign travel to attempt to
procure the return of their children by evoking diplomatic and
humanitarian remedies.(11)Left-behind parents who are military parents may be unable to leave their military duties to pursue
multinational litigation or take leave to attend multiple court
proceedings, and foreign authorities may not schedule proceedings to
accommodate such duties.(b)It is the sense of Congress that the United States should set a strong example for Convention
countries in the timely location and return of abducted children in the
United States whose habitual residence is not the United States.(c)The purposes of this Act are to—(1)protect children whose habitual residence is the United States from the harmful effects of
abduction and to assist left-behind parents to have access to their
abducted child in a safe and predictable manner, wherever the child is
located, while an abduction case is pending;(2)provide left-behind parents, including military parents, their advocates, and judges the
information they need to enhance the resolution of abduction cases and
access cases through established legal procedures, risk assessment tools,
and the practical means for overcoming obstacles to recovering an abducted
child;(3)establish measured, effective, and predictable actions to be undertaken by the President on behalf
of abducted children whose habitual residence is the United States at the
time of the abduction;(4)promote an international consensus that it is in the interest of children to have any issues
related to their care and custody determined in the country of their
habitual residence;(5)provide the necessary training for officials of the United States Armed Forces and the Department
of Defense to establish policies and provide services to military parents
that address the unique circumstances of abductions and violations of
rights of access that may occur with regard to military dependent
children; and(6)encourage the effective implementation of international mechanisms, particularly those established
pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention, to achieve reciprocity in the
resolution of abductions and to protect children from the harmful effects
of an abduction.3.In this Act:(1)The term abducted child means a child who is the victim of an abduction.(2)The term abduction means—(A)the alleged wrongful removal of a child from the child’s country of habitual residence;(B)the alleged wrongful retention of a child outside the child’s country of habitual residence; or(C)the alleged wrongful removal or retention of a military dependent child from the exercise of rights
of custody of a military parent.(3)The term abduction case means a case involving an application filed with the Central Authority of the United States by a
left-behind parent for the resolution of an abduction.(4)The term access case means a case involving an application filed with the Central Authority of the United States by a
left-behind parent for the establishment of rights of access.(5)The term Annual Report means the Annual Report on International Child Abduction required under section 101.(6)The term application means—(A)in the case of a Convention country, the application required pursuant to article 8 of the Hague
Abduction Convention;(B)in the case of an MOU country, the formal document required pursuant to the provisions of the
applicable MOU to request the return of an abducted child or to request
rights of access, as applicable; and(C)in the case of a nonparty country, the formal request by the Central Authority of the United States
to the Central Authority of such country requesting the return of an
abducted child or for rights of access to an abducted child.(7)Appropriate congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional committees means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate.(8)The term Central Authority means—(A)in the case of a Convention country, the meaning given such term in article 6 of the Hague
Abduction Convention;(B)in the case of an MOU country, the official entity designated by the government of the MOU country
within the applicable MOU pursuant to section 103(b)(1) to discharge the
duties imposed on the entity in such MOU; and(C)in the case of a nonparty country, the foreign ministry of such country.(9)The term child means an individual who has not attained the age of 16.(10)The term Convention country means a country other than the United States that has ratified, acceded, or succeeded to the Hague
Abduction Convention and with respect to which the United States has
entered into a reciprocal agreement pursuant to the Hague Abduction
Convention.(11)Hague abduction conventionThe term Hague Abduction Convention means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on
October 25, 1980.(12)The term left-behind parent means an individual or entity, either individually or jointly, who alleges that an abduction has
occurred that is in breach of rights of custody—(A)attributed to such individual or entity, as applicable; and(B)exercised at the time of the abduction or that would have been exercised but for the abduction.(13)The term legal residence means the congressional district and State in which an individual either is residing, or if an
individual is residing temporarily outside the United States, the
congressional district and State to which the individual intends to
return.(14)The term military dependent child means a child whose habitual residence is the United States according to United States law even
though the child is residing outside the United States with a military
parent.(15)The term military parent means an individual who has rights of custody over a child and who is serving outside the United
States as a member of the United States Armed Forces.(16)The term MOU means a memorandum of understanding between the United States and a country that is not a
Convention country to resolve abduction cases and access cases.(17)The term MOU country means a country with respect to which the United States has entered into an MOU.(18)The term nonparty country means a country that is neither a Convention country nor an MOU country.(19)Pattern of noncooperation(A)The term pattern of noncooperation means the persistent failure—(i)of a Convention country to implement and abide by the provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention;
and(ii)of an MOU country to implement and abide by the provisions of the applicable MOU.(B)Such persistent failure may be evidenced by one or more of the following criteria:(i)The existence of 10 or more unresolved abduction cases.(ii)The failure of the Central Authority of the country to fulfill its responsibilities pursuant to the
Hague Abduction Convention or the MOU, as applicable.(iii)The failure of the judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the national government of
the country to implement and comply with the provisions of the Hague
Abduction Convention or the MOU, as applicable.(iv)The failure of law enforcement to locate abducted children or to enforce return orders or
determinations of rights of access rendered by the judicial or
administrative authorities of the national government of the country in
abduction cases or access cases.(20)The term rights of access means the rights of contact between a child and a left-behind parent provided as a provisional
measure while an abduction case is pending, by operation of law or by
reason of judicial or administrative determination or by agreement having
legal effect, under the law of the country in which the child is located.(21)The term rights of custody means rights of care and custody of an abducted child, including the right to determine the place
of residence of an abducted child—(A)attributed to an individual or entity, either individually or jointly, and(B)arising by operation of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of
an agreement having legal effect,under the law of the country in which the child was an habitual resident immediately before the
abduction.(22)Unresolved abduction case(A)Subject to subparagraph (B), the term unresolved abduction case means an abduction case that remains unresolved for a period that exceeds 180 days after the date
on which the completed application for return of the child is submitted
for determination to the judicial or administrative authority, as
applicable, in the country in which the child is located.(B)An abduction case shall be considered to be resolved if—(i)the child is returned to the country of habitual residence, pursuant to the Hague Abduction
Convention or MOU, if applicable;(ii)the judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the national government of the country in
which the child is located has implemented and is complying with the
provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention or the MOU, as applicable,
and a final determination is made by such judicial or administrative
branch that the child will not be returned to the country of habitual
residence; or(iii)the child attains the age of 16.<enum>I</enum><header>Department of State Actions</header><section id="H20E247A528AF4A2D831953A8D1197CCA"><enum>101.</enum><header>Annual report</header><subsection id="HE51DD4DFFF5749BDB480696021006876"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than March 31 of each year, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees an Annual Report on International Child
Abduction.</text></subsection><subsection id="H16AE36286739486BB782CEF6CCC35123"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each Annual Report shall include the following:</text><paragraph id="H6332A49470F749DFAE21D8919F32A9A9"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A list of all countries with respect to which there were one or more abduction cases during the
preceding year that identifies whether each such country is a Convention
country, an MOU country, or a nonparty country.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H33586BB1049F4A78928F8085C32E99E3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>For each country with respect to which there were 5 or more abduction cases during the preceding
year:</text><subparagraph id="HF6EE1AFDD58249C692F176C8F43FFFC3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>The number of abduction cases and the number of access cases, respectively, reported during the
preceding year.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6E7F43C2A1504DF69B072F77F0713C54"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The number of abduction cases and the number of access cases, respectively, that are pending as of
March 1 of the year in which such Annual Report is submitted.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62D684B87D7D499A9B9D4C3EF28E6083"><enum>(C)</enum><clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H9B4EC29BE0104F89A8441ED17CB9A194"><enum>(i)</enum><text>For Convention and MOU countries, the number of abduction cases and the number of access cases,
respectively, that were pending at any point for more than 180 days after
the date on which the Central Authority of the United States transmitted
the complete application for each such case to the Central Authority of
such country, and were not submitted by the Central Authority to the
judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, of such country
within the 180-day period.</text></clause><clause changed="deleted" committee-id="SSFR00" id="HB42324CA990942D1B688F957E66A26E7" indent="up1" reported-display-style="strikethrough"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>The reason for the delay in submission of each case identified in clause (i) by the Central
Authority of such country to the judicial or administrative authority.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H432B0B0BECF44865B0F99A078C211E0E"><enum>(D)</enum><text>The number of unresolved abduction cases, and the length of time each case has been pending.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBBEF961F01DD4AA2A1E11CC0752FFA91"><enum>(E)</enum><text>The number of unresolved abduction cases in which a completed application has been filed and law
enforcement has failed to locate the abducted child or to enforce a return
order rendered by the judicial or administrative authorities of such
country.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H83132CA099BA472A959F74122ADC3DA3"><enum>(F)</enum><text>The median time required for resolution of abduction cases during the preceding year, to be
measured from the date on which the application with respect to the
abduction case is transmitted by the Central Authority of the United
States to the Central Authority of such country to the date on which the
abduction case is resolved.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H87A969E385024701AA9B7A04700A6A0D"><enum>(G)</enum><text>The total number and the percentage of the total number of abduction cases and access cases,
respectively, resolved during the preceding year.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBEC60D41F2114DA6B95F4FB7DB48AC3A"><enum>(H)</enum><text>Detailed information about each unresolved abduction case described in subparagraph (E) and on
actions taken by the Department of State to resolve such case, including
the specific actions taken by the United States chief of mission in such
country.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H07EDB71534F14215A6BD5106E61B38BA"><enum>(I)</enum><text>Recommendations to improve resolution of abduction cases and access cases.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAA9BC3B40C8747A19F24420C31CF26CD"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The number of abducted children from the United States who were returned to the United States from
Convention countries, MOU countries, and nonparty countries, respectively.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB3C7CE3B51E0493591C224794F07F294"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A list of Convention countries and MOU countries that have failed to comply with any of their
obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or the MOU, as
applicable, with respect to the resolution of abduction cases and access
cases.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4E6B06C2C3A64DE683028CAF5F17D6BA"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A list of countries demonstrating a pattern of noncooperation, and a summary of the criteria on
which the determination of a pattern of noncooperation for each country is
based.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA15A8E2E95A74370B1F74BAE8F78B829"><enum>(6)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H02B1833D924F466FA8BAF3805BA386F5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Information on efforts by the Secretary of State to encourage other countries to become signatories
to the Hague Abduction Convention or to enter into an MOU.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph changed="deleted" committee-id="SSFR00" id="HA05B5BD8232144CEA9E6AD6524393D4A" indent="up1" reported-display-style="strikethrough"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The efforts referred to in subparagraph (A) shall include efforts to address pending abduction
cases and access cases in such countries.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCE0695E0C17E45469CFE54A9089F0AB5"><enum>(7)</enum><text>A description of the efforts of the Secretary of State to encourage Convention countries and MOU
countries to facilitate the work of nongovernmental organizations within
their respective countries that assist left-behind parents.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8EEEC49080A74B6F8651C986B249F3E0"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The number of cases which were successfully resolved without abducted children being returned to
the United States from Convention countries, MOU countries, and nonparty
countries, respectively.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HEE7330F1494C46188DD704DCEAE681ED"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The Annual Report shall not include—</text><paragraph id="H97B483BB8BC34A33AEF8006491336F54"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the names of left-behind parents or children involved in abduction cases or access cases; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H63D79BD7B53642859E605935B1DBD472"><enum>(2)</enum><text>information that may identify a party involved in an abduction case or access case unless the party
stipulates in writing to the Central Authority of the United States that
such information may be included in the Annual Report.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H26E3A80989BF47B38A1DED13E431DBEF"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Additional thematic sections</header><text>Each Annual Report shall also include—</text><paragraph id="HB2F878416F4A4849AB3CF482E54AB3F7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>information on the number of unresolved abduction cases affecting left-behind parents who are
military parents and a summary of assistance offered to such left-behind
parents;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H021C0CE1BAC5443A9D5485063A91382E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>information on the use of airlines in abductions, voluntary airline practices to prevent
abductions, and recommendations for best airline practices to prevent
abductions;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3AF2BC7A29E34D0A8AB312703A68F091"><enum>(3)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train domestic judges
in application of the Hague Abduction Convention; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2866842C9DA849B0A3B1A633DABCB2B6"><enum>(4)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train United States
Armed Forces legal assistance personnel, military chaplains, and military
family support center personnel about abductions, the risk of loss of
access to children, and the legal frameworks available to resolve such
cases.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9D6F76C652E344B39158A5E85B338711"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Repeal of the Hague Convention Compliance Report</header><text>Section 2803 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/11611">42 U.S.C. 11611</external-xref>) is repealed.</text></subsection></section><section id="H9DCE5FF6F5B24E4D8FCF401833728BB3"><enum>102.</enum><header>Standards and assistance</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of State shall ensure that United States diplomatic and consular missions abroad—</text><paragraph id="H2B1BE28A63244DF1B2BB1074166F8AA2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>maintain a consistent reporting standard with respect to abduction cases and access cases involving
abducted children in the country in which such mission is located for
purposes of the Annual Report;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9F0AB0ABE98541C1BB10FD16C7D2076B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>designate at least one official in each such mission to assist left-behind parents from the United
States who are visiting such country to resolve cases involving an
abduction or rights of access; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9A8D897BE2F04B459A9AB8774492B641"><enum>(3)</enum><text>monitor developments in cases involving abducted children in the country in which such mission is
located.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H9A0C6542324E44A7AC386B1E78D7EAE2"><enum>103.</enum><header>Memorandum of understanding</header><subsection id="H505A8AECC4B340C39DE58D7A0724DC02"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State should seek to enter into an MOU with every country that is not a Convention
country and is unlikely to become a Convention country in the forseeable
future, that includes—</text><paragraph id="H23159743C6D047338AB7038138A218A9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>identification of the Central Authority;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8FB665A00A4449629976FFA7037A452E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a protocol to identify, locate, and effectuate the return of an abducted child identified in an
abduction case not later than 6 weeks after the application with respect
to the abduction case has been submitted to the judicial or administrative
authority, as applicable, of the country in which the abducted child is
located;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3970F2E541A1481F946455C02551ED70"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a protocol for the establishment and protection of the rights of access;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD60737F902D447958B10D8C091379E5F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>identification of the judicial or administrative authority that will promptly adjudicate abduction
cases and access cases;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAA70BB8CDBDE4D5688E9405475101628"><enum>(5)</enum><text>identification of a law enforcement agency and available law enforcement mechanisms and procedures
to ensure the immediate enforcement of an order issued by the authority
identified pursuant to paragraph (4) to return an abducted child to a
left-behind parent, including by—</text><subparagraph id="H050DF1B05AE349A3860E5BAD36C4F507"><enum>(A)</enum><text>conducting an investigation to ascertain the location of the abducted child;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3DA51D1313C744409DE8FF90D57BDD7F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>providing protection to the abducted child after such child is located; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD4EDD76BEE164A958930555AB44CC014"><enum>(C)</enum><text>retrieving the abducted child and making the appropriate arrangements for such child to be returned
to the country of habitual residence;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H466AF3B2554E4B31B47DB497CC38B764"><enum>(6)</enum><text>a protocol to establish periodic visits between a United States embassy or consular official and an
abducted child to allow the official to ascertain the child’s location and
welfare; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCF245FBB7FCA4AECB16F69925583117C"><enum>(7)</enum><text>such other provisions as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary of State.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H242CC0D7CBED4166A19EEDCB77F89AC2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Rule of construction</header><paragraph id="H5155F98B01CA45E1A88842D97AF09F12"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit the United States from proposing and entering
into a memorandum of understanding with a Convention country to further
clarify the reciprocal obligations of the United States and the Convention
country under the Hague Abduction Convention.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HFC49F7A90D78423EA2751A40DE28B083"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Treatment of obligations of convention country</header><text>In those instances in which there is a memorandum of understanding as described in paragraph (1),
the obligations of the Convention country under such memorandum shall be
considered to be obligations of such country under the Hague Abduction
Convention for purposes of this Act.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H566CB1E271094287833A4A18CDFBC174"><enum>104.</enum><header>Notification of congressional representatives</header><subsection id="H9C73FE9B0B0B4D32BE33DC90CB60A281"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall notify in writing the Member of
Congress and Senators representing the legal residence of a left-behind
parent when such parent reports an abduction to the Central Authority of
the United States.</text></subsection><subsection id="H2BC0AE6F098A4DB298A3D34D92087147"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The notification requirement under subsection (a) shall not apply if the left-behind parent does
not consent to the notification described in such subsection.</text></subsection><subsection id="H142B0396DA4A4FBFB655555AB9BAC3CD"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Timing</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">At the request of any person who is a left-behind parent, including a left-behind parent who
previously reported an abduction to the Central Authority of the United
States before the date of the enactment of this Act, notification of a
Member of Congress, in accordance with subsections (a) and (b), shall be
provided as soon as is practicable.</text></subsection><subsection id="HF6DD4DFCD1EB40ECB2E604B129067ABB"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Member of congress defined</header><text>In this section, the term <term>Member of Congress</term> means a Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.</text></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Presidential Actions</header><section id="H5AC567E29CC34585AA9015B8EF9FD1EF"><enum>201.</enum><header>Presidential actions in response to unresolved cases</header><subsection id="H402017D245904A27A1107605AF09030D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Response to international child abductions</header><paragraph id="HB3361908C93E4B219DF851E596FCAB97"><enum>(1)</enum><header>United states policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States to—</text><subparagraph id="HAB55D28DB5014044B23E4FD77447E2B5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>promote the best interest of children abducted from the United States by establishing legal rights
and procedures for their prompt return and by promoting such rights and
procedures through actions that ensure the enforcement of reciprocal
international obligations; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H56D89909243543BFBF2F7ADDA8A3BC35"><enum>(B)</enum><text>recognize the international character of the Hague Abduction Convention, and the need for
reciprocity pursuant to and the uniform international interpretation of
the Hague Abduction Convention, by promoting the timely resolution of
abduction cases through one or more of the actions described in section
205.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H14D452C529E24BFCB1B58D4B84393647"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Requirement of presidential action</header><text>Whenever the President determines that the government of a foreign country has failed to resolve an
unresolved abduction case, the President shall oppose such failure through
one or more of the actions described in subsection (b).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H631A5D68C36146A898CAD3A7B006286A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Presidential actions</header><paragraph id="H973011AE509040F29E9D9E327905B24A"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the President, in consultation with the Secretary of State,
shall, as expeditiously as practicable in response to the failure
described in subsection (a) by the government of a foreign country, take
one or more of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (13) of
section 205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)) with
respect to such country.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0D3FDB8E0A16438BA1AAD4490DA08AC5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Deadline for actions</header><subparagraph id="HFA631730D7CE45028546A4C942E0858E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than March 31 of each year, the President shall
take one or more of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (13)
of section 205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section 205(b))
with respect to each foreign country the government of which has failed to
resolve an unresolved abduction case that is pending as of such date.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA6B3F2EF620049D89AAF258E61DBC48F"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>In the case of an action under any of paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 205(a) (or
commensurate action as provided in section 205(b))—</text><clause id="HA382411AE0414BBBB6079713B94F884F"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the action may only be taken after the requirements of sections 203 and 204 have been satisfied;
and</text></clause><clause id="H47C698AB347A4FEC9EAEEC6DF162699C"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the March 31 deadline to take the action shall not apply.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7C51A44845984A4FA2C8D686628A13AC"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Authority for delay of presidential actions</header><text>The President may delay action described in any of the paragraphs (10) through (13) of section
205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)), as required
under paragraph (2), if the President determines and certifies to the
appropriate congressional committees that an additional, specified period
of time is necessary for a continuation of negotiations that have been
commenced with the country to resolve the unresolved case.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1D81EF2789E84E6783AFB3FD1C17D2BE"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Implementation</header><paragraph id="H7FA2BDFDD12E41B78BD59264C7873C34"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out subsection (b), the President shall—</text><subparagraph id="H7F4347737FDC475E904AABF5138534F3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take one or more actions that most appropriately respond to the nature and severity of the failure
to resolve the unresolved abduction cases; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H063B2A39732A406FBA11988ECAD1FC82"><enum>(B)</enum><text>seek to the fullest extent possible to target action as narrowly as practicable with respect to the
agencies or instrumentalities of the foreign government that are
responsible for such failures, in ways that respect the separation of
powers and independence of the judiciary in foreign countries.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7A8ACDDA6C424E159513A3A9883DC618"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Guidelines for presidential actions</header><text>In addition to the guidelines under paragraph (1), the President, in determining whether to take
one or more actions under paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 205(a)
(or commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)), shall seek to
minimize any adverse impact on—</text><subparagraph id="HC364DBE92CBF49B6847D55943B3B3238"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the population of the country whose government is targeted by the action or actions; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFB67359DA7C34CB2AFBA4348977FBD6F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the humanitarian activities of United States and foreign nongovernmental organizations in the
country.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HB02DBD03717244459C91DA48C79DEBAE"><enum>202.</enum><header>Presidential actions in response to patterns of noncooperation in cases of international child
abductions</header><subsection id="H9BEEEFF303634263A3725EC2B5252E55"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Response to a pattern of noncooperation</header><paragraph id="HB3585652FA0143BC9B3B97FAF66D3DA6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>United states policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States to—</text><subparagraph id="H7A25D5DF43264417B5D7C452C2F3266E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>oppose institutional or other systemic failures of foreign governments to fulfill their obligations
pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention or MOU, as applicable, to
resolve abduction cases and access cases; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H150058514FFA4CB2AD0FE14152A3BEB8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>promote reciprocity pursuant to and compliance with the Hague Abduction Convention by Convention
countries and compliance with the applicable MOU by MOU countries.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H825BD91B9CDA45729EAECD5895ACDCA4"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Requirement of presidential action</header><text>Whenever the President determines that the government of a foreign country has engaged in a pattern
of noncooperation, the President shall promote the resolution of the
unresolved abduction cases through one or more of the actions described in
subsection (c).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7CBD639FB83C481A90A1D7B5620F968A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Designations of countries with patterns of noncooperation in cases of international child abduction</header><paragraph id="HB148BD0FF4B348319760A69F4FAAA8C9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Annual review</header><subparagraph id="HD1E9D81838274AD08079981AA299EA7F"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than March 31 of each year, the President shall review the status of abduction cases and
access cases in each foreign country to determine whether the government
of such country has engaged in a pattern of noncooperation during the
preceding 12 months or since the date of the last review of such country
under this subparagraph, whichever period is longer. The President shall
designate each country the government of which has engaged in a pattern of
noncooperation as a Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2E5EEB3755C541AC9A1E988307065493"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Basis of review</header><text>Each review conducted under subparagraph (A) shall be based upon information contained in the
latest Annual Report and on any other evidence available.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF65FA4D82A5145349DA59E773E1502EA"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Determinations of responsible parties</header><text>For the government of each country designated as a Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation under
paragraph (1)(A), the President shall seek to determine the agencies or
instrumentalities of such government that are responsible for the pattern
of noncooperation by such government in order to appropriately target
actions under this section in response.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1977229144704FEA8DA484E9FED09715"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Congressional notification</header><text>Whenever the President designates a country as a Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation under
paragraph (1)(A), the President shall, as soon as practicable after such
designation is made, transmit to the appropriate congressional committees—</text><subparagraph id="HAA28529CEB0543F8A4030914FBD23B96"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the designation of the country, signed by the President; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEBB2211D59654CE8ABA71C90EB69F113"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the identification, if any, of responsible agencies or instrumentalities determined under paragraph
(2).</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE5ABFDB8739D46109D5DAC7CD9A4EE49"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Presidential actions with respect to a country with a pattern of noncooperation</header><paragraph id="H3074053DCA5B450DA1B35F6C2B462566"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) with respect to each Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation
designated under subsection (b)(1)(A), the President shall, after the
requirements of sections 203 and 204 have been satisfied, but not later
than 90 days (or 180 days in case of a delay under paragraph (2)) after
the date of such designation of the country under such subsection, take
one or more of the actions under paragraphs (10) through (13) of section
205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9AF578D89CF240B597F700B435AC919A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authority for delay of presidential actions</header><text>If, on or before the date that the President is required to take action under paragraph (1), the
President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that a single, additional period of time not to exceed 90 days
is necessary—</text><subparagraph id="H1139F8A764AD4C6A872BF78359F4858B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>for a continuation of negotiations that have been commenced with the government of a country
described in such paragraph to bring about a cessation of the pattern of
noncooperation by such country, or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDF13493794FE4342848829D8047F9AF0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for a review of corrective action taken by such country after designation of such country as a
Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation under subsection (b)(1)(A) or in
anticipation that corrective action will be taken by such country during
such 90-day period,</text></subparagraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">the President shall not be required to take such action until the expiration of such period of
time.</continuation-text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1E16265AE3D34EA08EAD923260DA383C"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Exception for ongoing presidential action</header><subparagraph id="HC87D1F4988464F7EB433D605869D95A8"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The President shall not be required to take action under paragraph (1) with respect to a Country
With a Pattern of Noncooperation if—</text><clause id="H7B919F6CBEBB4623B964EBED40EBD70B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the President has taken action pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to such country in a
preceding year, such action is in effect at the time such country is
designated as a Country with a Pattern of Noncooperation under subsection
(b)(1)(A), and the President submits to the appropriate congressional
committees the information described in section 204 regarding the actions
in effect with respect to such country; or</text></clause><clause id="H2DC47FC50CA14CC5BAFA569C6FDCC021"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>subject to subparagraph (B), the President determines that such country is subject to multiple,
broad-based sanctions imposed in significant part in response to human
rights abuses and that such sanctions also satisfy the requirements of
this subsection.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H539AA86E0C484CC2A3B34771283E64B2"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Additional requirements</header><text>If the President makes a determination under subparagraph (A)(ii)—</text><clause id="H7124EA476A234009B262C9F0BDA10966"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the report under section 204 and, as applicable, the publication in the Federal Register under
section 208, shall specify the specific sanction or sanctions that the
President has determined satisfy the requirements of this subsection; and</text></clause><clause id="HCA9805046F9D41D6B09EB1CE61F474AA"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>such sanctions shall remain in effect subject to section 209.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD92E4B644CD54F09B992ED2DCF8DD864"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Rule of construction</header><text>A determination under this section that a foreign country has engaged in a pattern of
noncooperation shall not be construed to require the termination of
assistance or other activities with respect to such country under any
other provision of law, including section 116 or 502B of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151">22 U.S.C. 2151(n)</external-xref> or 2304).</text></subsection></section><section id="H736055E091D34FE799A9D3087BDB1DB6"><enum>203.</enum><header>Consultations with foreign governments</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">As soon as practicable after the President makes a determination under section 201 in response to
failures to resolve unresolved abduction cases and the President decides
to take action under paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 205(a) (or
commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)) with respect to that
country, or not later than 90 days after the President designates a
country as a country with a pattern of noncooperation pursuant to section
202(b)(1)(a), the President shall—</text><paragraph id="HE12F921A394B4980A5AA674E2EF89FA0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>request consultation with the government of such country regarding the failures giving rise to
designation of that country as a Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation
regarding the pattern of noncooperation or to action under section 201;
and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1545031B36A54B1D889EB71023065AF0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>if agreed to, enter into such consultations with such country, privately or publicly.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H4E6C8EAA5B52459CBA89C38BF83A5762"><enum>204.</enum><header>Report to Congress</header><subsection id="H871CCEB258C045C4A7D402EFAF819D4B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), not later than 90 days after the President makes a determination under
section 201 in response to failures to resolve unresolved abduction cases
and the President decides to take action under paragraphs (10) through
(13) of section 205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section
205(b)) with respect to that country, or not later than 90 days after the
President designates a country as a Country With a Pattern of
Noncooperation pursuant to section 202(b)(1)(A), the President shall
transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the
following:</text><paragraph id="HDCCE1914688E4547B22690E5E0FD36BE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Identification of presidential actions</header><text>An identification of the action or actions described in section 205(a) (or commensurate action as
provided in section 205(b)) to be taken with respect to such country.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2DE45FECBC0342B5ACF2078F9093BB3C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Description of violations</header><text>A description of the failure to resolve an unresolved case or the pattern of noncooperation, as
applicable, giving rise to the action or actions to be taken by the
President.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H23A064C59E514CA2B8B508BD2D21CAFF"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Purpose of presidential actions</header><text>A description of the purpose of the action or actions.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0C052E75EA194739B500BD7D0441A0B1"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Evaluation</header><subparagraph id="HC81643D234184D45836E42C5EF4BC173"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Description</header><text>An evaluation, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the parties described in section
203(b), and other parties the President determines appropriate, of the
anticipated impact of the Presidential action upon—</text><clause id="HEAADB5A0A3264D4B93FC7419A975A6FA"><enum>(i)</enum><text>pending abduction cases in such country;</text></clause><clause id="HE3B8DA21D4624E21820287843967A641"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the government of such country;</text></clause><clause id="HC83469EC10664E3DB2DA9801B873B3E8"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the population of such country;</text></clause><clause id="H5683333CEA6B42368D8FAEE4D16B9C79"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>the United States economy;</text></clause><clause id="H4FE5B9345FD240AEA4FBFB1E4F3DB469"><enum>(v)</enum><text>other interested parties; and</text></clause><clause id="H24190E540E9A49D6A12CD221B891B627"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>if such country is a Convention country or an MOU country, the reciprocal fulfillment of
obligations pursuant to such Convention or applicable MOU, as applicable.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF1EFE88B8DDA48EEA379BDFDFD5A423A"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The evaluation under subparagraph (A) shall be transmitted in unclassified form, but may contain a
classified annex if necessary.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H53D58CBC7F604D7F8BDD5099F25CF3CB"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Statement of policy options</header><text>A statement that noneconomic policy options designed to resolve the unresolved case or bring about
the cessation of the pattern of noncooperation have reasonably been
exhausted, including the consultations required in section 203.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7D0407F6B71D412FB5E0AFE848DA166B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Delay in transmittal of report</header><text>If, on or before the date that the President is required to submit a report under subsection (a) to
the appropriate congressional committees, the President determines and
certifies to such committees that a single, additional period of time not
to exceed 90 days is necessary pursuant to section 202(c)(2), the
President shall not be required to submit the report to such committees
until the expiration of such period of time.</text></subsection></section><section id="H6A892B19D7294BEFAD364D1A17D73CCF"><enum>205.</enum><header>Presidential actions</header><subsection id="HB2B3D19B8D8743F991DBFF61B95D6EA1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Description of presidential actions</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (c), the Presidential actions referred to in this subsection are
the following:</text><paragraph id="HFA55845DAF3B44C1A0D03A500EEED471"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A private demarche.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2A99434AD5524CBF843AF83F62340D5A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>An official public demarche.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0F8B81433A9846A98F61818171B00BCA"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A public condemnation.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAE34A11864DF4207B088B020964B0A17"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A public condemnation within one or more multilateral fora.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8BCA00867D184CB8ABD11CE63201C54F"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The delay or cancellation of one or more scientific exchanges.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H879D5A224A004A6F9430EBE9117AB0AC"><enum>(6)</enum><text>The delay or cancellation of one or more cultural exchanges.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H54BA47A9BEEC4CD1BC3CF799632529E1"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The denial of one or more working, official, or state visits.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB318C675AF154FA1A74E0F5CC5073F92"><enum>(8)</enum><text>The delay or cancellation of one or more working, official, or state visits.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6A6B4E092E244310A96C9069F08749CB"><enum>(9)</enum><text>A formal request to the foreign country concerned to extradite an individual who is engaged in
abduction and who has been formally accused of, charged with, or convicted
of an extraditable offense.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF3E7E1A633F8440C81E7EE188D452AB4"><enum>(10)</enum><text>The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance
with section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151n">22 U.S.C. 2151n</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H320DB88DD2DE4768906A23C0CBEC3451"><enum>(11)</enum><text>The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with
section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2304">22 U.S.C. 2304</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H234F11D196A842E7BB39FC8E6CDEB1F0"><enum>(12)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of assistance to the central government of a country
pursuant to chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2346">22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.</external-xref>; relating to the Economic Support Fund).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB482965DD19A41A4BA7F3210B287941A"><enum>(13)</enum><text>Ordering the heads of the appropriate United States agencies not to issue any (or a specified
number of) specific licenses, and not to grant any other specific
authority (or a specified number of authorities), to export any goods or
technology to such government or to the agency or instrumentality of such
government determined by the President to be responsible for such
unresolved case or pattern of noncooperation, as applicable, under—</text><subparagraph id="H042CF3666A5D4BEA8C725B14850BCDFF"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act);</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1669116EBB0346428703F1472E81DC2C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Arms Export Control Act;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB0D4079F634B4A9F88FC60E91A833F1A"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3BCA4AFC76C64CE1A8A10BAF6AAC93E5"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any other statute that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as a
condition for the export or re-export of goods or services.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE1D1E0E4F9E649209D2327EC8B129F46"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Commensurate action</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (c), the President may substitute any other action authorized by
law for any action described in subsection (a) if such action is
commensurate in effect to the action substituted and if such action would
further the purposes of this Act as specified in section 2(c). The
President shall seek to take all appropriate and feasible actions
authorized by law to resolve the unresolved case or to obtain the
cessation of such pattern of noncooperation, as applicable. If
commensurate action is taken under this subsection, the President shall
transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on such
action, together with an explanation for taking such action.</text></subsection><subsection id="HE47AA7C72E8D4738B31ED7375F35D9C0"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><paragraph id="H23CF8F5224C042EC879F6EFE18A62982"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Humanitarian exception</header><text>Any action taken pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) may not prohibit or restrict the provision of
medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other life-saving
humanitarian assistance.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5B4DD8D84EF348BDAD9CCB2DBA01E8CD"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Defense and national security exception</header><text>The President shall not be required to apply or maintain any action under section 205—</text><subparagraph id="HDF7AB88E0C484BF3851F79D33C6734A3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense services—</text><clause id="HAC7C97B152D248B5BA352905832E00A8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>under existing contracts or subcontracts, including the exercise of options for production
quantities, to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of
the United States;</text></clause><clause id="H40AB9A047EDD49BC9B44C1202E7EE2BD"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>if the President determines in writing and transmits to the appropriate congressional committees a
report that the government or the agency or instrumentality of such
government to which such action would otherwise be applied is a sole
source supplier of such defense articles or services, that such defense
articles or services are essential, and that alternative sources are not
readily or reasonably available; or</text></clause><clause id="HC4CF7B76357549F38789613174675259"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>if the President determines in writing and transmits to the appropriate congressional committees a
report that such defense articles or services are essential to the
national security of the United States under defense co-production
agreements; or</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H00D372667D004CE0B52F4FB54EB032CD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to products or services provided under contracts entered into before the date on which the
President publishes in the Federal Register notice of such action in
accordance with section 208.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HF02C073DFCE44C1281FFD2FBF8ABCBF4"><enum>206.</enum><header>Presidential waiver</header><subsection id="H40FF4A30937B465FB8D93C3E6299287F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), the President may waive the application of any of the actions described
in paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 205(a) (or commensurate action
as provided in section 205(b)) with respect to a country, if the President
determines and so reports to the appropriate congressional committees
that—</text><paragraph id="H8B7427063A774B0EB223FF1E7FCA65C5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the government of such country has satisfactorily resolved any abduction case giving rise to the
application of any of such actions and—</text><subparagraph id="H83B0AFADB7084256B311E126D56FBE54"><enum>(A)</enum><text>if such country is a Convention country, such country has taken measures to ensure future
compliance with the provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H81A5F8560F64419CABAA506C83DFC16A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if such country is an MOU country, such country has taken measures to ensure future compliance with
the provisions of the MOU at issue; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEF171C2715DC4A3D93EF2F71AB4577AC"><enum>(C)</enum><text>if such country was a nonparty country at the time the abductions or denials of rights of access
resulting in the abduction cases or access cases occurred, such country
has become a Convention country or an MOU country;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8B8FEFF820D84868B32CDC96F8066BD7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the exercise of such waiver authority would further the purposes of this Act; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6D54A08874DD4C8DB64A8229B8630AD2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the important national interest of the United States requires the exercise of such waiver
authority.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H642A0A7F55544DE28AB76E2247454838"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Congressional notification</header><text>Not later than the date of the exercise of a waiver under subsection (a), the President shall
notify the appropriate congressional committees of such waiver or the
intention to exercise such waiver, together with a detailed justification
thereof.</text></subsection></section><section id="H8770BA92A55B419782978AC57883FE86"><enum>207.</enum><header>Publication in Federal Register</header><subsection id="H404211E50101463981595ACAADC37234"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), the President shall ensure publication in the Federal Register of the
following:</text><paragraph id="H111D4453490E4729B1F5A53276CFF678"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Determinations of governments, agencies, instrumentalities of countries with patterns of
noncooperation</header><text>Any designation of a country that the President has designated as a Country With a Pattern of
Noncooperation under section 202(b)(1)(A), together with, when applicable
and to the extent practicable, the identities of agencies or
instrumentalities determined to be responsible for such pattern of
noncooperation.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB16508C66B19468AA46100FA57C3A511"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Presidential actions</header><text>A description of any action under paragraphs (10) through (13) of section 205(a) (or commensurate
action as provided in section 205(b)) and the effective date of such
action.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB279D13E5C074247BEB058E59D3809CC"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Delays in transmittal of presidential action reports</header><text>Any delay in transmittal of a report required under section 204.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF777FE1ABF714D52B1BBD372E448F259"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Waivers</header><text>Any waiver issued under section 206.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H44B801CDBE844B389AEF031BE73B9A2C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Limited disclosure of information</header><text>The President may limit publication of information under this section in the same manner and to the
same extent as the President may limit the publication of findings and
determinations described in section 654(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2414">22 U.S.C. 2414(c)</external-xref>), if the President determines that the publication of such information—</text><paragraph id="H603256EBA23F4F7B8A50EEA332C4C41A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>would be harmful to the national security of the United States; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H229C02A3EDC54F4BA55748CAE78DA76D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>would not further the purposes of this Act.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HBB8FAB486465416EADC771518756F84C"><enum>208.</enum><header>Termination of Presidential actions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any action taken under this Act or any amendment made by this Act with respect to a foreign country
shall terminate on the earlier of the following two dates:</text><paragraph id="HFCAE9D0FF5A348218CDA6ED740A3C1DA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Not later than two years after the effective date of such action unless expressly reauthorized by
law.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HBDDC6132D7D84D15960827D1ED98FD5D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The date on which the President transmits to Congress a certification containing a determination of
the President that the government of such country has resolved any
unresolved abduction case or has taken substantial and verifiable steps to
correct the pattern of noncooperation at issue, as applicable, that gave
rise to such action.</text></paragraph></section>1.Short title and table of contents(a)This Act may be cited as the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014
.(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.Sec. 2. Findings; sense of Congress; purposes.Sec. 3. Definitions.TITLE I—Department of State actionsSec. 101. Annual report.Sec. 102. Standards and assistance.Sec. 103. Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding.Sec. 104. Report to congressional representatives.TITLE II—Actions by the Secretary of StateSec. 201. Response to international child abductions.Sec. 202. Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of
international child abductions.Sec. 203. Consultations with foreign governments.Sec. 204. Waiver by the Secretary of State.Sec. 205. Termination of actions by the Secretary of State.TITLE III—Prevention of International Child AbductionSec. 301. Preventing children from leaving the United States in violation of a court order.Sec. 302. Authorization for judicial training on international parental child abduction.2.Findings; sense of Congress; purposes(a)Congress finds the following:(1)Sean Goldman, a United States citizen and resident of New Jersey, was abducted from the United
States in 2004 and separated from his father, David Goldman, who spent
nearly 6 years battling for the return of his son from Brazil before
Sean was finally returned to Mr. Goldman’s custody on December 24, 2009.(2)The Department of State’s Office of Children’s Issues, which serves as the Central Authority of the
United States for the purposes of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil
Aspects of International Child Abduction (referred to in this Act as the Hague Abduction Convention
), has received thousands of
requests since 2007 for assistance in the return to the United States of
children who have been wrongfully abducted by a parent or other legal
guardian to
another country.(3)For a variety of reasons reflecting the significant
obstacles to the recovery of abducted children, as well as the legal and
factual complexity involving such cases, not all cases are reported to the
Central Authority of the United States.(4)More than 1,000 outgoing international child abductions are reported every year to the Central
Authority of the United States, which depends solely on proactive
reporting of abduction cases.(5)Only about one-half of the children abducted from the United States to countries with which the
United
States enjoys reciprocal obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention
are returned to the United States.(6)The United States and other Convention countries have expressed their desire, through the Hague
Abduction
Convention, to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of their wrongful removal or retention
and to establish procedures to ensure their prompt return to the State of
their habitual residence, as well as to secure protection for rights of
access.
(7)Compliance by the United States and other Convention countries depends on the actions of their
designated
central authorities, the performance of their judicial systems as
reflected in
the legal process and decisions rendered to enforce or effectuate the
Hague Abduction Convention, and the ability and willingness of their law
enforcement authorities to ensure the swift enforcement of orders rendered
pursuant to
the Hague Abduction Convention.(8)According to data from the Department of State, approximately 40 percent
of abduction cases involve children taken from the United
States to countries with which the United States does not have reciprocal
obligations under the Hague
Abduction Convention or other arrangements relating to the
resolution of abduction cases.(9)According to the Department of State’s April 2010 Report on Compliance with the Hague Convention on
the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, parental child abduction jeopardizes the child and has substantial long-term consequences for both
the child and the left-behind parent.
(10)Few left-behind parents have
the extraordinary financial resources necessary—(A)to pursue individual civil
or criminal remedies in both the United States and a foreign country, even
if such remedies are available; or(B)to engage in repeated foreign travel to attempt to
obtain the return of their children through diplomatic or
other channels.(11)Military parents often face additional complications in resolving abduction
cases because of the challenges presented by their military obligations.(12)In addition to using the Hague Abduction Convention to achieve the return of abducted children, the
United States has an array of Federal, State, and local law enforcement,
criminal justice, and judicial tools at its disposal to prevent
international abductions.(13)Federal agencies tasked with preventing international abductions have indicated that the most
effective way to stop international child abductions is while they are in
progress, rather than after the child has been removed to a foreign
destination.(14)Parental awareness of abductions in progress, rapid response by relevant law enforcement, and
effective coordination among Federal, State, local, and international
stakeholders are critical in preventing such abductions.(15)A more robust application of domestic tools, in cooperation with international law enforcement
entities and appropriate application of the Hague Abduction Convention
could—(A)discourage some parents from attempting abductions;(B)block attempted abductions at ports of exit; and(C)help achieve the return of more abducted children.(b)It is the sense of Congress that the United States should set a strong example for other Convention
countries in the timely location and prompt resolution of cases involving
children abducted abroad and brought to the
United States.(c)The purposes of this Act are—(1)to protect children whose habitual residence is the United States from wrongful
abduction;(2)to assist left-behind parents in quickly resolving cases and maintaining safe and predictable
contact with their
child while an abduction case is pending;(3)to protect the custodial rights of parents, including military parents, by providing the parents,
the judicial system, and law enforcement authorities with the
information they need to prevent unlawful abduction before it occurs;(4)to enhance
the prompt resolution of abduction and access cases;(5)to detail an appropriate set of actions to be undertaken by the Secretary of State
to address persistent problems in the resolution of abduction cases;(6)to establish a program to prevent wrongful abductions; and(7)to increase interagency coordination in preventing international child abduction by convening a
working group composed of presidentially appointed and Senate confirmed
officials from the Department of State, the Department of Homeland
Security, and the Department of Justice.3.In this Act:(1)The term abducted child means a child who is the victim of international child abduction.(2)The term abduction means the alleged wrongful removal of a child from the child’s country of habitual residence, or
the wrongful retention of a child outside such country, in
violation of a left-behind parent’s custodial rights, including the rights
of a military parent.(3)The term abduction case means a case that—(A)has been reported to the Central Authority of the United States by a
left-behind parent for the resolution of an abduction; and(B)meets the criteria for an international child abduction under the Hague Abduction
Convention, regardless of whether the country at issue is a Convention
country.(4)The term access case means a case involving an application filed with the Central Authority of the United States by a
parent seeking rights of access.(5)The term Annual Report means the Annual Report on International Child Abduction required under section 101.(6)The term application means—(A)in the case of a Convention country, the application required pursuant to article 8 of the Hague
Abduction Convention;(B)in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the formal document required, pursuant to the
provisions of the
applicable arrangement, to request the return of an abducted child or to
request
rights of access, as applicable; and(C)in the case of a non-Convention country, the formal request by the Central Authority of the United
States
to the Central Authority of such country requesting the return of an
abducted child or for rights of contact with an abducted child.(7)Appropriate congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional committees means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.(8)The term bilateral procedures means any procedures established by, or pursuant to, a bilateral arrangement, including a
Memorandum of Understanding between the United States
and another
country, to resolve abduction and access cases,
including procedures to address interim contact matters.(9)Bilateral procedures countryThe term bilateral procedures country means a country with which the United States has entered into bilateral procedures, including
Memoranda of Understanding, with respect to child abductions.(10)The term Central Authority means—(A)in the case of a Convention country, the meaning given such term in article 6 of the Hague
Abduction Convention;(B)in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the official entity designated by the government of
the bilateral procedures country within the applicable memorandum of
understanding pursuant to section 103(b)(1) to discharge the duties
imposed on the entity; and(C)in the case of a non-Convention country, the foreign ministry or other appropriate authority of
such country.(11)The term child means an individual who has not attained 16 years of age.(12)The term Convention country means a country for which the Hague Abduction Convention has entered into force with respect to
the United States.(13)Hague abduction conventionThe term Hague Abduction Convention means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague
October 25, 1980.(14)The term interim contact means the ability of a left-behind parent to communicate with or visit an abducted child during
the pendency of an abduction case.(15)The term left-behind parent means an individual or legal custodian who alleges that an abduction has
occurred that is in breach of rights of custody attributed to such
individual.(16)The term non-Convention country means a country in which the Hague Abduction Convention has not entered into force with respect to
the United States.(17)Overseas military dependent childThe term overseas military dependent child means a child whose habitual residence is the United States according to United States law even
though the child is residing outside the United States with a military
parent.(18)The term overseas military parent means an individual who—(A)has custodial rights with respect to a child; and(B)is serving outside the United
States as a member of the United States Armed Forces.(19)(A)The term pattern of noncompliance means the persistent failure—(i)of a Convention country to implement and abide by provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention;(ii)of a non-Convention country to abide by bilateral procedures that have been
established between the United States and such country; or(iii)of a non-Convention country to work with the Central Authority of the United States to resolve
abduction cases.(B)Persistent failure under subparagraph (A) may be evidenced in a given country by the presence of 1
or more of the following criteria:(i)Thirty percent or more of the total abduction cases in such country are unresolved abduction cases.(ii)The Central Authority regularly fails to fulfill its responsibilities pursuant to—(I)the
Hague Abduction Convention; or(II)any bilateral procedures between the United States and such country.(iii)The judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the national government of
a Convention country or a bilateral procedures country fails to
regularly implement and comply with the provisions of the Hague
Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as applicable.(iv)Law enforcement authorities regularly fail to enforce return orders or
determinations of rights of access rendered by the judicial or
administrative authorities of the government of the country in
abduction cases.(20)The term rights of access means the establishment of rights of contact between a child and a parent seeking access in
Convention countries—(A)by operation of law;(B)through a judicial or administrative determination; or(C)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.(21)The term rights of custody means rights of care and custody of a child, including the right to determine the place
of residence of a child, under the laws of the country in which
the child is a habitual resident—(A)attributed to an individual or legal custodian; and(B)arising—(i)by operation of law; or(ii)through a judicial or administrative decision; or(iii)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.(22)Rights of interim contactThe term rights of interim contact means the rights of contact between a child and a left-behind parent, which has been provided as a
provisional measure while an abduction case is pending, under the laws of
the country in which the child is located—(A)by operation of law; or(B)through a judicial or administrative determination; or(C)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.(23)Unresolved abduction case(A)Subject to subparagraph (B), the term unresolved abduction case means an abduction case that remains unresolved for a period that exceeds 12 months after the date
on which the completed application for return of the child is submitted
for determination to the judicial or administrative authority, as
applicable, in the country in which the child is located.(B)An abduction case shall be considered to be resolved if—(i)the child is returned to the country of habitual residence, pursuant to the Hague Abduction
Convention or other appropriate bilateral procedures, if applicable;(ii)the judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the government of the country in
which the child is located has implemented, and is complying with, the
provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention or other bilateral
procedures, as applicable;(iii)the left-behind parent reaches a voluntary arrangement with the other parent;(iv)the left-behind parent submits a written withdrawal of the application or the request for
assistance to the Department of State;(v)the left-behind parent cannot be located for 1 year despite the documented efforts of the
Department of State to locate the parent; or(vi)the child or left-behind parent is deceased.<enum>I</enum><header>Department of State actions</header><section id="id9caf7c49-d3ee-4cef-8e7a-13da758e031f"><enum>101.</enum><header>Annual report</header><subsection id="idcaafd1fc-f4fb-489f-9e99-a7e77b02c640"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than April 30 of each year, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees an Annual Report on International Child
Abduction. The Secretary shall post the Annual Report to the publicly
accessible website of the Department of
State.</text></subsection><subsection id="id064c4001-8a22-405b-8e42-3e62c1af3501"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each Annual Report shall include—</text><paragraph id="iddd0863a5-9d9d-4e17-97a1-1c078a88eec6"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of all countries in which there were 1 or more abduction cases, during the
preceding calendar year, relating to a child whose habitual residence is
the United States, including a description of whether each such country—</text><subparagraph id="id6E848F27AA6F4C2199F87383710D34A6"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is a
Convention
country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id14FA8A4DD5614BF38DBF5DCBC3C7A4EB"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is a bilateral procedures country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD308658BC5424427B7F29CC16B148054"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has other procedures for resolving such abductions; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idA2631DD7445D48A889ED00D07C58347F"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">adheres to no protocols with respect to child abduction;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id4380bc78-29de-4dc0-8ebd-881d0a0b961f"><enum>(2)</enum><text>for each country with respect to which there were 5 or more pending abduction cases, during the
preceding
year, relating to a child whose habitual residence is the United States—</text><subparagraph id="id6c85573c-780c-4d21-9422-a2f4d3a55e06"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the number of such new abduction and access cases reported during the
preceding year;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id4845ccbe-918e-4d36-a779-034f7f690d72"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for Convention and bilateral procedures countries—</text><clause id="id373F7924EEBA494C97BF3D8221015A5A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the number of abduction and access cases that the Central Authority of the United States
transmitted
to the Central Authority of
such country; and</text></clause><clause id="idD634900D69164897B1E7BA1BEDDD8D07"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the number of abduction and access cases that were not submitted by the Central Authority to the
judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, of such country;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id6CCF67E331234ED29B312A6D28DEF6DA"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the reason for the delay in submission of each case identified in subparagraph (B)(ii) by the
Central
Authority of such country to the judicial or administrative authority of
that country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7527600a-700b-4718-a651-450f658e7f57"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the number of unresolved abduction and access cases, and the length of time each case has been
pending;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id2a842acc-12a6-416b-a0aa-50fd5137bd26"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the number and percentage of unresolved abduction cases in which law
enforcement authorities have—</text><clause id="id07D1839754934149857D225ADCDF83AC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>not located the abducted child;</text></clause><clause id="id023A460B29DA422AB174CF6AABB65799"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>failed to undertake serious efforts to locate the abducted child; and</text></clause><clause id="id8ED00FCAE6934D6CB113BB75E3F1BEF0"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>failed to enforce a return
order rendered by the judicial or administrative authorities of such
country;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="iddc273fd3-9d16-4b65-a469-06fca8ff9c3b"><enum>(F)</enum><text>the total number and the percentage of the total number of abduction and access cases,
respectively, resolved during the preceding year;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ida5cd034f-b3f3-4d04-9436-52acc89e9418"><enum>(G)</enum><text>recommendations to improve the resolution of abduction and access cases; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idC6746DD2F8D5450488BD476B80985E02"><enum>(H)</enum><text>the average time it takes to locate a child;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id42db6827-0055-4a8b-9ddf-2a2bbe76242f"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the number of abducted children whose habitual residence is in the United States and who were
returned to the United States from—</text><subparagraph id="id2EC4011363F748D194102B1E1DE784CA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Convention countries;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id97079DCE2BE248BCBD5B789F131D52C1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>bilateral procedures countries;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id057DA238A37849128612F5B66E0B9994"><enum>(C)</enum><text>countries having other procedures for resolving such abductions; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id012AEF9354A24A15A8A90FD9ED5C932B"><enum>(D)</enum><text>countries adhering to no protocols with respect to child abduction;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id4cfaf9d7-79c6-4ee6-9360-8474a1af7e00"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a list of Convention countries and bilateral procedures countries that have failed to
comply with any of their
obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures,
as
applicable, with respect to the resolution of abduction and access
cases;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id2bb547fa-73a9-497d-8eb0-8561e47d8f5a"><enum>(5)</enum><text>a list of countries demonstrating a pattern of noncompliance and a description of the
criteria on
which the determination of a pattern of noncompliance for each country is
based;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id80c3e59a-676c-4ecf-b915-dc21b19e8563"><enum>(6)</enum><text>information on efforts by the Secretary of State to encourage non-Convention countries—</text><subparagraph id="idDEAD16C9310B4E4A8204754312B3D012"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to ratify or accede to the Hague Abduction Convention;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id22D676DE816F4F2885A48036F3E22103"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to enter into or implement other bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding, with
the United States; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idFED757A8A3F943699FC0ED7BFCC68065"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to address pending abduction
and access cases;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id990223eb-5483-48c7-9518-7487fb737568"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the number of cases resolved without abducted children being returned to
the United States from Convention countries, bilateral
procedures countries, or
other non-Convention
countries;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id57C986D1D14044268E607D389DD16453"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of countries that became Convention countries with respect to the United States during
the preceding year; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idA6DDE9FAFAF64C898B1F30CDA30C96B8"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">information about efforts to seek resolution of abduction cases of children whose habitual
residence is in the United States and whose abduction occurred before the
Hague Abduction Convention entered into force with respect
to the United States.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idba2af67d-ebb8-4746-b730-b2d19453a422"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>Unless a left-behind parent provides written permission to the Central Authority of the United
States to include personally identifiable information about the parent or
the child in the Annual Report, the
Annual Report may not include any personally identifiable information
about any such parent, child, or party to an abduction or access case
involving such parent or child.</text></subsection><subsection id="id90903fec-cbaa-4e1a-86d4-f6f67a9a79f1"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Additional sections</header><text>Each Annual Report shall also include—</text><paragraph id="id1258d14e-3b6d-4dcd-a029-2a681bb34b1e"><enum>(1)</enum><text>information on the number of unresolved abduction cases affecting military parents;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id591004D05B9C48D093E305769FA304EC"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a description of the assistance offered to such military parents;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id762e40c7-c009-43a4-b266-3da9f9d901cf"><enum>(3)</enum><text>information on the use of airlines in abductions, voluntary airline practices to prevent
abductions, and recommendations for best airline practices to prevent
abductions;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id778a008f-0ba5-4bf2-989f-f66e4edbfd9d"><enum>(4)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train domestic judges
in the application of the Hague Abduction Convention; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id2fde81e2-1c0c-4869-b6a3-5aa10c93bde4"><enum>(5)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train United States
Armed Forces legal assistance personnel, military chaplains, and military
family support center personnel about—</text><subparagraph id="idCE30DB5C5BC14A968C01F39002CD7F91"><enum>(A)</enum><text>abductions;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD53041044A164225A96662350C291182"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the risk of loss of
contact with children; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7575E50060EC46BDA9D9CDBB0C04C46F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the legal means available to resolve such
cases.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id66b133d8-625a-44c7-b5ca-af8e2098d3ab"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Repeal of the Hague Abduction Convention Compliance Report</header><text>Section 2803 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/11611">42 U.S.C. 11611</external-xref>) is repealed.</text></subsection><subsection id="id60b9c4bba4ce406ab4764cffb28cf942"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Notification to Congress on countries in noncompliance</header><paragraph id="id17B49DEE07B448ADA0AB1F99257E631E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State shall include, in a separate section of the
Annual
Report, the Secretary’s determination, pursuant to the provisions under
section 202(b), of whether each country listed in
the report has engaged in a pattern of
noncompliance in cases of child abduction during the preceding 12 months.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idEE578B79E239499986603B909A3ACA4E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The section described in paragraph (1)—</text><subparagraph id="id8193BFEFF13D472C85D1091B1E3A2DA2"><enum>(A)</enum><text>shall identify any action or actions described in section 202(d) (or commensurate action as
provided in section 202(e)) that have been taken by the Secretary with
respect to each country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id08F08060407D4927886CD45B1E570C97"><enum>(B)</enum><text>shall describe the basis for the Secretary’s determination of the pattern of noncompliance by each
country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id145B2EC12FAC485E9920A5F7A159E86F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>shall indicate whether noneconomic policy options designed to resolve the pattern of
noncompliance
have reasonably been
exhausted, including the consultations required under section 203.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id52938abd-b47f-40b1-84c4-830f86e4a5a7"><enum>102.</enum><header>Standards and assistance</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of State shall—</text><paragraph id="id9821AA02E4974B56BBBC36E78DF4A7BF"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure that United States diplomatic and consular missions abroad—</text><subparagraph id="idCCBE581B26184429BC7E015BAD700E19"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">maintain a consistent reporting standard with respect to abduction and access cases;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD4AEDA1FDBD14F5A8F29827108E08628"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">designate at least 1 senior official in each such mission, at the discretion of the Chief of
Mission, to assist left-behind parents from the United
States who are visiting such country or otherwise seeking to resolve
abduction or access cases; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idB5E6BFE53AE3456194D76EC18F43AC62"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">monitor developments in abduction and access cases; and</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id9fd19410b2244a48b90b521e61cde31b"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop and implement written strategic plans for engagement with any Convention or non-Convention
country in which there are 5 or more cases of international child
abduction.</text></paragraph></section><section id="id1f1eac1d-c868-4f20-b687-7ae016e2008e"><enum>103.</enum><header>Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding</header><subsection id="id7E3581338A06468FB69FB3492FFA98D8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Development</header><paragraph id="id5C6CD5FF804D4CBF93EF5243EFE621A2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall
initiate a process to develop and enter into appropriate bilateral
procedures, including
memoranda of understanding, as appropriate, with non-Convention
countries that are unlikely to become Convention countries in the
foreseeable
future, or with Convention countries that have unresolved abduction cases
that occurred before the Hague Abduction Convention entered into force
with respect to the United States or that country.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idFA3D956CA3404FA0B738F66FB7613B55"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Prioritization</header><text>In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary of State shall give priority to countries with
significant abduction cases and related issues.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id1BA1C2C4419147FEB6143CE18F038C62"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Elements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The bilateral procedures described in subsection (a) should include provisions relating to—</text><paragraph id="id6ff3f61b-458b-4d81-9d91-3fb5b9694018"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the identification of—</text><subparagraph id="id4AF8AEBDB05E451A9CEC7E3ABF5D156F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Central Authority;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id9b53c5978b9a4e78b56e1aa81a15d904"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the judicial or administrative authority that will promptly adjudicate abduction and access cases;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idb359da5d3c254ae7bd2f622bb15ae0b1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the law enforcement agencies; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id85080CA5A90D4CD99AC2C255D717ACBB"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the implementation of procedures to ensure the
immediate enforcement of an order issued by the authority identified
pursuant to subparagraph (B) to return an abducted child to a left-behind
parent, including by—</text><clause id="idffd3801857fe436489d0d745058d9ae3"><enum>(i)</enum><text>conducting an investigation to ascertain the location of the abducted child;</text></clause><clause id="ida1c0eeeab0f64230a04fcca01e14e2a3"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>providing protection to the abducted child after such child is located; and</text></clause><clause id="id59e190cb038c4c898a9b9a61cec68690"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>retrieving the abducted child and making the appropriate arrangements for such child to be returned
to the child’s country of habitual residence;</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id0c8a0f23-3987-4694-b1a3-b2f6f4ea35f3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol to effectuate the return of an abducted child identified in an
abduction case not later than 6 weeks after the application with respect
to the abduction case has been submitted to the judicial or administrative
authority, as applicable, of the country in which the abducted child is
located;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id64944280-9ba7-4f60-80e6-e23a61466f29"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol for the establishment and protection of the rights of interim
contact during pendency of
abduction cases; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="ide3835e7a-6bae-4daf-bd21-27daf067dbee"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol to establish periodic visits between a United States embassy or
consular official and an
abducted child, in order to allow the official to ascertain the child’s
location and
welfare.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id8c958807-b634-41eb-a650-c7ca6655d661"><enum>104.</enum><header>Report to congressional representatives</header><subsection id="id1e68d035-b247-4470-84c6-85144c3c6b2d"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>The Secretary of State shall submit written notification to the Member of
Congress and Senators, or Resident Commissioner or Delegate, as
appropriate, representing the legal residence of a left-behind
parent if such parent—</text><paragraph id="idC40D7B8AB6B9468A864163AAD086CB95"><enum>(1)</enum><text>reports an abduction to the Central Authority of
the United States; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id82618D52641648FF9306A48483553271"><enum>(2)</enum><text>consents to such notification.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idEB0491EC8CB24DFF90CDFAF6C3682682"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Timing</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">At the request of any person who is a left-behind parent, including a left-behind parent who
previously reported an abduction to the Central Authority of the United
States before the date of the enactment of this Act, the notification
required under subsection (a) shall be
provided as soon as is practicable.</text></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State</header><section id="id2edbdec5-58c3-4dda-b171-4b64585d9ee8"><enum>201.</enum><header>Response to international child abductions</header><subsection id="idef2f1fd6-ee6c-4be6-a4a6-5db522db0eea"><enum>(a)</enum><header>United States policy</header><text>It is the policy of the United States—</text><paragraph id="idb077a3a0-f1af-4c92-b5ed-29d565ee6fdf"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to promote the best interest of children wrongfully abducted from the United States by—</text><subparagraph id="idECC232F1C7534A79B50D74A945010B7A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing legal
rights
and procedures for their prompt return; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id9D4D667E4B2F47EE953BFA2F9442C592"><enum>(B)</enum><text>ensuring the enforcement of reciprocal
international obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or
arrangements under bilateral procedures;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id75F1344BE5644BB0A5DBA26710370E1B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to promote the timely resolution of abduction cases through 1 or more of the actions described in
section 202; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idc9119eec-19e5-4b0a-87bf-c7a6a275e1c2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to ensure appropriate coordination within the Federal Government and between Federal, State, and
local agencies involved in abduction prevention, investigation, and
resolution.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id1456869B520F46E7B338DB2BE07D4267"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State in response to unresolved cases</header><paragraph id="id79bac7b8-264a-471e-932f-fbac302f453d"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Determination of action by the secretary of state</header><text>For each abduction or access case relating to a child whose habitual residence is in the United
States that remains pending or is otherwise unresolved on the date that is
12 months after the date on which the Central Authority of the United
States submits such case to a foreign country, the Secretary of State
shall determine whether the government of such foreign country has failed
to take
appropriate steps to resolve the case. If the Secretary of State
determines that such failure occurred, the Secretary should, as
expeditiously as
practicable—</text><subparagraph id="id399A5F94865844AE81793C40FF1042AE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take 1 or more of the actions described in subsections (d) and (e) of section 202; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id0E54AD5AE87B450FACD1DB30D194C68F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>direct the Chief of Mission in that foreign country to directly address the resolution of the case
with senior officials in the foreign government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idb5cc1a22-6135-45a4-bd2f-ef627aae1edc"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authority for delay of action by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary of State may delay any action described in paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines
that an additional period
of time, not to exceed 1 year, will substantially assist in resolving the
case.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idFEB3D932C124472FA769C2F86DD4B403"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Report</header><text>If the Secretary of State delays any action pursuant to paragraph (2) or decides not to take an
action described in subsection (d) or (e) of section 202 after making the
determination described in paragraph (1), the Secretary, not later than
15 days after such delay or decision, shall provide a report to the
appropriate
congressional committees that details the reasons for delaying action or
not taking action, as appropriate.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idFCA5845CAAA643C9ACFB8B90371D9017"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Congressional briefings</header><text>At the request of the appropriate congressional committees, the Secretary of State shall provide a
detailed briefing, including a written report, if requested, on actions
taken to resolve a case or the cause for delay.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idff98af31-2426-4dc3-9db0-d13f0745c2ce"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Implementation</header><paragraph id="id8494ef7b-ee7c-4e2a-921b-4de357277498"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out subsection (b), the Secretary of State should—</text><subparagraph id="id88843497-63e8-4f8b-ba08-ff1a9640fece"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take 1 or more actions that most appropriately respond to the nature and severity of the
governmental failure
to resolve the unresolved abduction case; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ided0d88ed-f883-477b-8a33-49637a24ffd8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>seek, to the fullest extent possible—</text><clause id="id0FC7A1746E0C47C88EF8B011EBDF21AE"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to initially respond by communicating with the
Central Authority of the country; and</text></clause><clause id="id20F329A5CDFD447D970D767442649E45"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>if clause (i) is unsuccessful, to target subsequent actions—</text><subclause id="id026F3C2FD16A4ACFADFD9C695CA2A24D"><enum>(I)</enum><text>as narrowly as
practicable, with respect to the
agencies or instrumentalities of the foreign government that are
responsible for such failures; and</text></subclause><subclause id="id3C82950440F94483893EE74E23238099"><enum>(II)</enum><text>in ways that respect the separation of
powers and independence of the judiciary of the country, as applicable.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id16af8801-b8dd-4970-9467-a3e49c259a3c"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Guidelines for actions by the secretary of state</header><text>In addition to the guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State, in determining whether
to take
1 or more actions under paragraphs (5) through (7) of section 202(d) or
section 202(e), shall seek to
minimize any adverse impact on—</text><subparagraph id="id46e28f16-db6e-44bc-9b9f-f2a236dc722a"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the population of the country whose government is targeted by the action or actions;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id372f8553-db93-4139-9eea-9aff25064f86"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the humanitarian activities of United States and nongovernmental organizations in the
country; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id0EF37111EA55407F8D18B353AD678E17"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the national security interests of the United States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id2a492550-51c6-4f74-8726-d337873b6dcb"><enum>202.</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of
international child
abductions</header><subsection id="idd1b4ff81-f268-4c3f-8ef1-375b7a449f91"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Response to a pattern of noncompliance</header><text>It is the policy of the United States—</text><paragraph id="id56b29df1-6e61-4544-8b86-8d056e72c4f9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to oppose institutional or other systemic failures of foreign governments to fulfill their
obligations
pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as
applicable, to
resolve abduction and access cases;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id40b8a48c-c72c-4235-a757-f47fc0e9aa76"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to promote reciprocity pursuant to, and in compliance with, the Hague Abduction Convention or
bilateral procedures, as appropriate; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id3CD7F03970544DD2AC43E191F65954E6"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to directly engage with senior foreign government officials to most effectively address patterns of
noncompliance.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id104f017d-1a53-4e1e-9ce9-0a01b8775339"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Determination of countries with patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abduction</header><paragraph id="id12845286-9bcb-48bb-aa01-9345888fb855"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Annual review</header><text>Not later than April 30 of each year, the Secretary of State shall—</text><subparagraph id="idFB4EB4A7303C44969996F4352CA61EA0"><enum>(A)</enum><text>review the status of abduction
and
access cases in each foreign country in order to determine whether the
government
of such country has engaged in a pattern of noncompliance during the
preceding 12 months; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id883ADC02E81E4A71922DF9D7E8DB6915"><enum>(B)</enum><text>report such determination pursuant to section 101(f).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id7b9f55b5-838d-448b-906b-cc20ceb0f6c1"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Determinations of responsible parties</header><text>The Secretary of State shall seek to determine the
agencies or
instrumentalities of the government of each country determined to have
engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under
paragraph (1)(A) that are responsible for such pattern
of noncompliance—</text><subparagraph id="idB0788865E9504547BE956789DF2DB3BD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to appropriately target
actions in response to such noncompliance; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id934510A9C14B4A0FA69DD6AD6EE46B56"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to engage with senior foreign government officials to effectively address such noncompliance.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id19a17853-7197-4689-8c8e-8f359e7850e1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State with respect to a country with a pattern of noncompliance</header><paragraph id="ide3beafe2-1ef9-405d-95cb-39f5dd5f2edd"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later
than 90 days (or 180 days in case of a delay under paragraph (2)) after a
country is determined to have been engaged in a pattern
of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A), the Secretary of State shall—</text><subparagraph id="id032564B31EB945959367B92D83B5F298"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take
1 or more of the actions described in subsection
(d);</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD3CEA005734E455AB86F30D723355AD6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>direct the Chief of Mission in that country to directly address the systemic problems that led to
such determination; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id52FAB0ACD99D48A9BC5ED386C368B6A5"><enum>(C)</enum><text>inform senior officials in the foreign government of the potential repercussions related to such
designation.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id62b6ba01-1d09-4b54-a183-bc1c8f6eb840"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authority for delay of actions by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary shall not be required to take action under paragraph (1) until the expiration of a
single, additional period of up to 90 days if, on or before the date on
which the Secretary of State is required to take such action, the
Secretary determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that
such additional period is necessary—</text><subparagraph id="iddc49f313-0f5b-42a0-a772-17eb02492258"><enum>(A)</enum><text>for a continuation of negotiations that have been commenced with the government of a country
described in paragraph (1) in order to bring about a cessation of the
pattern of
noncompliance by such country;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id48612bb4-d470-4183-8f83-1b38f5633134"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for a review of corrective action taken by a country after the designation of such country as being
engaged in a
pattern of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A); or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5DA9E7C1B2214A1390A0F0E07738C4FD"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in
anticipation that corrective action will be taken by such country during
such 90-day period.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id56087a08-e3b9-4b5a-a6da-50416d7c79df"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Exception for additional action by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary of State shall not be required to take additional action under paragraph (1) with
respect to a
country
determined to have been engaged in a persistent pattern of noncompliance
if the Secretary—</text><subparagraph id="id4E713C5B369E4BF1926C1A280348AAEA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has taken action pursuant to paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of subsection (d) with respect to such
country in the
preceding year and such action continues to be in effect;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id771092F317E34F36B4A488ADBAF16DE0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>exercises the waiver under section 204 and briefs the appropriate congressional committees; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idB135A6DC669F49309D43DFD810E54643"><enum>(C)</enum><text>submits a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—</text><clause id="id96057B24D03643D5A2B4EF09623B9010"><enum>(i)</enum><text>indicates that such country is subject to multiple,
broad-based sanctions; and</text></clause><clause id="id8E7BD7670EDD47DC993D70FC266CC84D"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>describes how such sanctions satisfy the requirements under this subsection.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idbb38afc3e5b542f0bf488f3c510b59d7"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Report to congress</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the submission of the Annual Report, the Secretary shall submit a
report to Congress on the specific actions taken against countries
determined to have been engaged in a
pattern of noncompliance under this section.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id8419e01b2e48485dbd26d5b387f4475d"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Description of actions by the Secretary of State in Hague Abduction Convention countries</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the actions by the Secretary of State referred to in this
subsection are—</text><paragraph id="idd76a3cd4818c4fa58e76bbdbf195e065"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a demarche;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="ide000034f8815498a9a55fa53adabb2c6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an official public statement detailing unresolved cases;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idf9ebd5f9e1cc4e4a91aee05c413879e2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a public condemnation;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id3e422b07f7364f89afc44b6ce9fd515d"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a delay or cancellation of 1 or more bilateral working, official, or state visits;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id5438cb666bf94cf5898bea45615b8608"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance
with section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151n">22 U.S.C. 2151n</external-xref>);</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idf0869d9e0e734de6af87e0847ba653d6"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with
section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2304">22 U.S.C. 2304</external-xref>);</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id5567b711e1e543178e42a87d0baaa2e8"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of assistance to the central government of a country
pursuant to chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2346 et seq.; relating to the Economic Support Fund); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id8d325058be8649cca85761ec74954ddd"><enum>(8)</enum><text>a formal request to the foreign country concerned to extradite an individual who is engaged in
abduction and who has been formally accused of, charged with, or convicted
of an extraditable offense.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ide770c12de6824312b5134c73b770fa41"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Commensurate action</header><paragraph id="idbc98949c982d4ea0b873c5f5fd1625b1"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the Secretary of State may substitute any other action
authorized by law for any action described in subsection (d) if the
Secretary determines that such
action—</text><subparagraph id="id1a0d4d4876684914b71c9722fde0aece"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is commensurate in effect to the action substituted; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id377937b25f124e1387f32dc46672a29c"><enum>(B)</enum><text>would substantially further the purposes of this Act.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ide855581ff4e546679cc356e9ac196e87"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>If commensurate action is taken pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall submit a report to
the appropriate congressional committees that—</text><subparagraph id="id514CF2870D4A466BB482DF3E7776CA0F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>describes such action;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id8C45379C22E34414BDC647C9B7544F31"><enum>(B)</enum><text>explains the reasons for taking such action; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id8B13F13E98B440A198B2ED09A640359B"><enum>(C)</enum><text>specifically describes the basis for the Secretary’s determination under paragraph (1) that such
action—</text><clause id="id1A15C90D93604CA18D23925107CA2143"><enum>(i)</enum><text>is commensurate with the action substituted; and</text></clause><clause id="id0C4A97D1DD594788BC1784BA54FB287C"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>substantially furthers the purposes of this Act.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id6991d3b9632543fcbc5871c23edae8ea"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Resolution</header><text>The Secretary of State shall seek to take all appropriate actions authorized by law to
resolve the unresolved case or to obtain the cessation of such pattern of
noncompliance, as applicable.</text></subsection><subsection id="id82769dd7d7e7443abac8e6031daccf15"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Humanitarian exception</header><text>Any action taken pursuant to subsection (d) or (e) may not prohibit or restrict the provision of
medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other life-saving
humanitarian assistance.</text></subsection></section><section id="idc4395f02-d80e-4d9f-a074-b38105f75490"><enum>203.</enum><header>Consultations with foreign governments</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">As soon as practicable after the Secretary of State makes a determination under section 201 in
response to
a failure to resolve unresolved abduction cases or the Secretary takes an
action under subsection (d) or (e) of section 202, based on a pattern of
noncompliance, the Secretary
shall request consultations with the government of such country regarding
the situation giving rise to
such determination.</text></section><section id="id3244aa3f-472e-4557-b1eb-c1967687d12c"><enum>204.</enum><header>Waiver by the Secretary of State</header><subsection id="id0625cc1d-eac5-4401-aac6-5564691b541d"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of State may waive the application of any of the actions
described
in subsections (d) and (e) of section 202 with respect to a country if
the Secretary
determines and notifies the appropriate congressional committees
that—</text><paragraph id="ide4f09764-aa88-40c5-9406-caef83081716"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the government of such country—</text><subparagraph id="idA4022F6BA672421F9C379C251FB7821C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has satisfactorily resolved the abduction cases giving
rise to the
application of any of such actions; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD5EC71EA112D4BE18F4520687274EE06"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ended such country’s pattern of noncompliance; or</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id5794582b-7be7-4431-906f-ad967dc00145"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the national security interest of the United States requires the exercise of such waiver
authority.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id1f3cb7d3-6067-4285-947a-af7bad807692"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Congressional notification</header><text>Not later than the date on which the Secretary of State exercises the waiver
authority under
subsection (a), the Secretary shall—</text><paragraph id="id575F49FF5C7A4CC495F2D6868D794A6A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>notify the appropriate congressional committees of such waiver; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id3F8C994EE38F4C329DB8EF271343EBD7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provide such committees with a detailed justification
for such waiver, including an explanation of the steps the noncompliant
government has taken—</text><subparagraph id="idECA41FEA55D44D85BDF37EC7D6C3719D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to resolve abductions cases; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id3B28B713A8D74A5CBECCF2277D4A8C71"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to end its pattern of noncompliance.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id91f529d7-c916-45e9-b243-bba166e3067b"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Publication in Federal Register</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subsection (d), the Secretary of State shall ensure that each waiver determination
under this section—</text><paragraph id="id0B589B42B3604A59BA88634FC56EBDBC"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is published in the Federal Register; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id7552B8CEF7BB44C88DD17EF5C79F7C49"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is posted on the Department of State website.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="id76c0634660ab45599b86bbaff54d830f"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Limited disclosure of information</header><text>The Secretary of State may limit the publication of information under subsection (c) in the
same
manner and to the same extent as the President may limit the publication
of findings and determinations described in section 654(c) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2414">22 U.S.C. 2414(c)</external-xref>), if the Secretary determines
that the publication of such information would be harmful to the national
security of the United States and would not further the purposes of this
Act.</text></subsection></section><section id="id669dd411-b3b7-4595-9ee5-dbdb976d2d3c"><enum>205.</enum><header>Termination of actions by the Secretary of State</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any specific action taken under this Act or any amendment made by this Act with respect to a
foreign country
shall terminate on the date on which the Secretary of State submits a
written certification to Congress that the
government of such country—</text><paragraph id="id9AAF081EBF694633B7EC781153065006"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has resolved any
unresolved abduction case that gave rise to such specific action; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id42DA26B00E484CA4A669F5295A4547D8"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has taken substantial and verifiable steps to
correct such country’s persistent pattern of noncompliance that gave rise
to such specific action, as applicable.</text></paragraph></section><enum>III</enum><header>Prevention of International Child Abduction</header><section id="id511C2CB3AEFC4A06B8054B2BE921EDC9"><enum>301.</enum><header>Preventing children from leaving the United States in violation of a court order</header><subsection id="id02886C4722074765A7E765763CC19E6A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/6/231">6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by
adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block changed="added" committee-id="SSFR00" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD84C972E83AD4EBAB765858CCABB2A1B" reported-display-style="italic" style="OLC"><section id="id1FEEFE93A29D4ABEAA78862281D20357"><enum>433.</enum><header>Prevention of international child abduction</header><subsection id="idA478346C69BF4DBFB345EDC7C7E78096"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program established</header><text>The Secretary, through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (referred to in this
section as <quote>CBP</quote>), in coordination with the Secretary of State,
the Attorney General, and the Director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, shall establish a program that—</text><paragraph id="idD31A32D128694F259880CDA2FEBEC12E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>seeks to prevent a child
(as
defined in <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/18/1204">section 1204(b)(1)</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code) from
departing from the territory of the United States if a parent
or legal guardian of such child presents a court order from a court of
competent jurisdiction prohibiting the removal of such child from the
United States to a CBP Officer in sufficient time to prevent such
departure for the
duration of such court order; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idDF5D2EC436D9456A8B74EF4CB8326037"><enum>(2)</enum><text>leverages other existing authorities and processes to address the wrongful removal and return of a
child.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id52A7CF635AE14F538D9505462F73AC5C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Interagency coordination</header><paragraph id="id6359AD04BD9145518E9AEC84C04178D1"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State shall convene and chair an interagency working group to prevent
international parental child abduction. The group shall be composed of
presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed officials from—</text><subparagraph id="idD5453E6AF6524A758A5A792722B77AEF"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Department of State;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id1392AF2533934D9BBDEF9D1C44A6E1CF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Department of Homeland Security, including U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S.
Immigration and
Customs Enforcement; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id03B2BD13F6334171B77C046D90D6DD3E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id0CE3B3217BD34D5A82FEAD3DB8761438"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Department of defense</header><text>The Secretary of Defense shall designate an official within the Department of Defense—</text><subparagraph id="idFCC88F54356B44A7852346ECC361E4CD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to coordinate with the Department of State on international child abduction issues; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF5619B0E666B4310BE42340421F79B4D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to oversee activities designed to prevent or resolve international child abduction cases relating
to active duty military service members.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="id0808651AD5EA4FF996DAEB488FD68A2A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Clerical amendment</header><text>The table of contents of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/6/101">6 U.S.C. 101</external-xref> note) is amended by adding
after the item relating to section 432 the following:</text><quoted-block changed="added" committee-id="SSFR00" id="id41e56dc4-3163-40e6-81c5-3bc97496b600" reported-display-style="italic" style="OLC"><toc changed="added" committee-id="SSFR00" reported-display-style="italic"><toc-entry idref="id1FEEFE93A29D4ABEAA78862281D20357" level="section">Sec. 433. Prevention of international child abduction.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="id0025fe9b6bbd41b2a8776152e689b317"><enum>302.</enum><header>Authorization for judicial training on international parental child abduction</header><subsection id="id57d32a294f954d5d95b08a3e15027a6d"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State, subject to the availability of appropriations, shall seek to provide
training, directly or through another government agency or nongovernmental
organizations, on the
effective handling of parental abduction cases to the judicial and
administrative authorities in countries—</text><paragraph id="id39d88563eea74ec1ae6c3fb8e8a05d03"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in which a significant number of unresolved abduction cases are pending; or</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id42e2133751af4f8aa5ac60cad05c084b"><enum>(2)</enum><text>that have been designated as having a pattern of noncompliance under section 202(b).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idcd6257fd4a374a4d8b132be0a278b175"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Strategy requirement</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit a
strategy to carry out the activities described in subsection (a) to—</text><paragraph id="ida6acbc4ac892478fb4596c35e5db79ef"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="SSFR00">Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate</committee-name>;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idF1D1D3797C7E4881B03A7E993A7362DB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives</committee-name>;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id807D02EC3DB64EA391605C79D00C3D4D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="SSAP00">Committee on Appropriations of the Senate</committee-name>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id69501b02390d4e7c8e1de5a5412e46d7"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives</committee-name>.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id2318800bca6545abba126abb2b699dc2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><paragraph id="id87288337DAFF42A88073AD3831C588C6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $1,000,000 for each of the
fiscal years 2015 and 2016
to carry out subsection (a).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idD6F1EA5E16094040B83B29DA879AD2DC"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Use of funds</header><text>Amounts appropriated for the activities set forth in subsection (a) shall be used pursuant to the
authorization and requirements under this section.</text></paragraph></subsection></section>June 26, 2014Reported with an amendment