HR 3212 ENR: Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014
U.S. House of Representatives
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EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title and table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014
.
(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings; sense of Congress; purposes.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
Title I—Department of State actions
Sec. 101. Annual report.
Sec. 102. Standards and assistance.
Sec. 103. Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding.
Sec. 104. Report to congressional representatives.
Title II—Actions by the Secretary of State
Sec. 201. Response to international child abductions.
Sec. 202. Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abductions.
Sec. 203. Consultations with foreign governments.
Sec. 204. Waiver by the Secretary of State.
Sec. 205. Termination of actions by the Secretary of State.
Title III—Prevention of International Child Abduction
Sec. 301. Preventing children from leaving the United States in violation of a court order.
Sec. 302. Authorization for judicial training on international parental child abduction.
2.Findings; sense of Congress; purposes
(a)Congress finds the following:
(1)Sean Goldman, a United States citizen and resident of New Jersey, was abducted from the United States in 2004 and separated from his father, David Goldman, who spent nearly 6 years battling for the return of his son from Brazil before Sean was finally returned to Mr. Goldman’s custody on December 24, 2009.
(2)The Department of State’s Office of Children’s Issues, which serves as the Central Authority of the United States for the purposes of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (referred to in this Act as the Hague Abduction Convention
), has received thousands of requests since 2007 for assistance in the return to the United States of children who have been wrongfully abducted by a parent or other legal guardian to another country.
(3)For a variety of reasons reflecting the significant obstacles to the recovery of abducted children, as well as the legal and factual complexity involving such cases, not all cases are reported to the Central Authority of the United States.
(4)More than 1,000 outgoing international child abductions are reported every year to the Central Authority of the United States, which depends solely on proactive reporting of abduction cases.
(5)Only about one-half of the children abducted from the United States to countries with which the United States enjoys reciprocal obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention are returned to the United States.
(6)The United States and other Convention countries have expressed their desire, through the Hague Abduction Convention, to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of their wrongful removal or retention and to establish procedures to ensure their prompt return to the State of their habitual residence, as well as to secure protection for rights of access.
(7)Compliance by the United States and other Convention countries depends on the actions of their designated central authorities, the performance of their judicial systems as reflected in the legal process and decisions rendered to enforce or effectuate the Hague Abduction Convention, and the ability and willingness of their law enforcement authorities to ensure the swift enforcement of orders rendered pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention.
(8)According to data from the Department of State, approximately 40 percent of abduction cases involve children taken from the United States to countries with which the United States does not have reciprocal obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or other arrangements relating to the resolution of abduction cases.
(9)According to the Department of State’s April 2010 Report on Compliance with the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, parental child abduction jeopardizes the child and has substantial long-term consequences for both the child and the left-behind parent.
(10)Few left-behind parents have the extraordinary financial resources necessary—
(A)to pursue individual civil or criminal remedies in both the United States and a foreign country, even if such remedies are available; or
(B)to engage in repeated foreign travel to attempt to obtain the return of their children through diplomatic or other channels.
(11)Military parents often face additional complications in resolving abduction cases because of the challenges presented by their military obligations.
(12)In addition to using the Hague Abduction Convention to achieve the return of abducted children, the United States has an array of Federal, State, and local law enforcement, criminal justice, and judicial tools at its disposal to prevent international abductions.
(13)Federal agencies tasked with preventing international abductions have indicated that the most effective way to stop international child abductions is while they are in progress, rather than after the child has been removed to a foreign destination.
(14)Parental awareness of abductions in progress, rapid response by relevant law enforcement, and effective coordination among Federal, State, local, and international stakeholders are critical in preventing such abductions.
(15)A more robust application of domestic tools, in cooperation with international law enforcement entities and appropriate application of the Hague Abduction Convention could—
(A)discourage some parents from attempting abductions;
(B)block attempted abductions at ports of exit; and
(C)help achieve the return of more abducted children.
(b)It is the sense of Congress that the United States should set a strong example for other Convention countries in the timely location and prompt resolution of cases involving children abducted abroad and brought to the United States.
(c)The purposes of this Act are—
(1)to protect children whose habitual residence is the United States from wrongful abduction;
(2)to assist left-behind parents in quickly resolving cases and maintaining safe and predictable contact with their child while an abduction case is pending;
(3)to protect the custodial rights of parents, including military parents, by providing the parents, the judicial system, and law enforcement authorities with the information they need to prevent unlawful abduction before it occurs;
(4)to enhance the prompt resolution of abduction and access cases;
(5)to detail an appropriate set of actions to be undertaken by the Secretary of State to address persistent problems in the resolution of abduction cases;
(6)to establish a program to prevent wrongful abductions; and
(7)to increase interagency coordination in preventing international child abduction by convening a working group composed of presidentially appointed and Senate confirmed officials from the Department of State, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Justice.
3.In this Act:
(1)The term abducted child means a child who is the victim of international child abduction.
(2)The term abduction means the alleged wrongful removal of a child from the child’s country of habitual residence, or the wrongful retention of a child outside such country, in violation of a left-behind parent’s custodial rights, including the rights of a military parent.
(3)The term abduction case means a case that—
(A)has been reported to the Central Authority of the United States by a left-behind parent for the resolution of an abduction; and
(B)meets the criteria for an international child abduction under the Hague Abduction Convention, regardless of whether the country at issue is a Convention country.
(4)The term access case means a case involving an application filed with the Central Authority of the United States by a parent seeking rights of access.
(5)The term Annual Report means the Annual Report on International Child Abduction required under section 101.
(6)The term application means—
(A)in the case of a Convention country, the application required pursuant to article 8 of the Hague Abduction Convention;
(B)in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the formal document required, pursuant to the provisions of the applicable arrangement, to request the return of an abducted child or to request rights of access, as applicable; and
(C)in the case of a non-Convention country, the formal request by the Central Authority of the United States to the Central Authority of such country requesting the return of an abducted child or for rights of contact with an abducted child.
(7)Appropriate congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional committees means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(8)The term bilateral procedures means any procedures established by, or pursuant to, a bilateral arrangement, including a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and another country, to resolve abduction and access cases, including procedures to address interim contact matters.
(9)Bilateral procedures countryThe term bilateral procedures country means a country with which the United States has entered into bilateral procedures, including Memoranda of Understanding, with respect to child abductions.
(10)The term Central Authority means—
(A)in the case of a Convention country, the meaning given such term in article 6 of the Hague Abduction Convention;
(B)in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the official entity designated by the government of the bilateral procedures country within the applicable memorandum of understanding pursuant to section 103(b)(1) to discharge the duties imposed on the entity; and
(C)in the case of a non-Convention country, the foreign ministry or other appropriate authority of such country.
(11)The term child means an individual who has not attained 16 years of age.
(12)The term Convention country means a country for which the Hague Abduction Convention has entered into force with respect to the United States.
(13)Hague abduction conventionThe term Hague Abduction Convention means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague October 25, 1980.
(14)The term interim contact means the ability of a left-behind parent to communicate with or visit an abducted child during the pendency of an abduction case.
(15)The term left-behind parent means an individual or legal custodian who alleges that an abduction has occurred that is in breach of rights of custody attributed to such individual.
(16)The term non-Convention country means a country in which the Hague Abduction Convention has not entered into force with respect to the United States.
(17)Overseas military dependent childThe term overseas military dependent child means a child whose habitual residence is the United States according to United States law even though the child is residing outside the United States with a military parent.
(18)The term overseas military parent means an individual who—
(A)has custodial rights with respect to a child; and
(B)is serving outside the United States as a member of the United States Armed Forces.
(19)
(A)The term pattern of noncompliance means the persistent failure—
(i)of a Convention country to implement and abide by provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention;
(ii)of a non-Convention country to abide by bilateral procedures that have been established between the United States and such country; or
(iii)of a non-Convention country to work with the Central Authority of the United States to resolve abduction cases.
(B)Persistent failure under subparagraph (A) may be evidenced in a given country by the presence of 1 or more of the following criteria:
(i)Thirty percent or more of the total abduction cases in such country are unresolved abduction cases.
(ii)The Central Authority regularly fails to fulfill its responsibilities pursuant to—
(I)the Hague Abduction Convention; or
(II)any bilateral procedures between the United States and such country.
(iii)The judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the national government of a Convention country or a bilateral procedures country fails to regularly implement and comply with the provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as applicable.
(iv)Law enforcement authorities regularly fail to enforce return orders or determinations of rights of access rendered by the judicial or administrative authorities of the government of the country in abduction cases.
(20)The term rights of access means the establishment of rights of contact between a child and a parent seeking access in Convention countries—
(A)by operation of law;
(B)through a judicial or administrative determination; or
(C)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.
(21)The term rights of custody means rights of care and custody of a child, including the right to determine the place of residence of a child, under the laws of the country in which the child is a habitual resident—
(A)attributed to an individual or legal custodian; and
(B)arising—
(i)by operation of law; or
(ii)through a judicial or administrative decision; or
(iii)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.
(22)Rights of interim contactThe term rights of interim contact means the rights of contact between a child and a left-behind parent, which has been provided as a provisional measure while an abduction case is pending, under the laws of the country in which the child is located—
(A)by operation of law; or
(B)through a judicial or administrative determination; or
(C)through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties.
(23)Unresolved abduction case
(A)Subject to subparagraph (B), the term unresolved abduction case means an abduction case that remains unresolved for a period that exceeds 12 months after the date on which the completed application for return of the child is submitted for determination to the judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, in the country in which the child is located.
(B)An abduction case shall be considered to be resolved if—
(i)the child is returned to the country of habitual residence, pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention or other appropriate bilateral procedures, if applicable;
(ii)the judicial or administrative branch, as applicable, of the government of the country in which the child is located has implemented, and is complying with, the provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention or other bilateral procedures, as applicable;
(iii)the left-behind parent reaches a voluntary arrangement with the other parent;
(iv)the left-behind parent submits a written withdrawal of the application or the request for assistance to the Department of State;
(v)the left-behind parent cannot be located for 1 year despite the documented efforts of the Department of State to locate the parent; or
(vi)the child or left-behind parent is deceased.
<enum>I</enum><header>Department of State actions</header>
<section id="HD357548928754E52909771C686E174DB"><enum>101.</enum><header>Annual report</header>
<subsection id="HA139215EF44D42CF8C2E749B8A4CDA86"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than April 30 of each year, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an Annual Report on International Child Abduction. The Secretary shall post the Annual Report to the publicly accessible website of the Department of State.</text></subsection>
<subsection id="HCF0D5F35EFD742F3AFC7100975951E68"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each Annual Report shall include—</text>
<paragraph id="HF2E9B8BB81404062B9B1CFBA6C1BA2B4"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of all countries in which there were 1 or more abduction cases, during the preceding calendar year, relating to a child whose habitual residence is the United States, including a description of whether each such country—</text>
<subparagraph id="HDB1FBFDC254C4F2BBB31E3D0AEE2A6B1"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is a Convention country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HBD6FD4953EE04AB896BBFBD4747C16B8"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is a bilateral procedures country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HAFE07ECC3CED4C6887E4AF1DDFF7966E"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has other procedures for resolving such abductions; or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H474098C5BBE9420F92B64B7D68FCCB76"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">adheres to no protocols with respect to child abduction;</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H818C5F8DB093494AB9E6BDB061638A2C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>for each country with respect to which there were 5 or more pending abduction cases, during the preceding year, relating to a child whose habitual residence is the United States—</text>
<subparagraph id="HB9C450C811C24F1D9313A72A8D743E25"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the number of such new abduction and access cases reported during the preceding year;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HD1A63B2C066F4FF9A635CBF841DBDEC6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for Convention and bilateral procedures countries—</text>
<clause id="H0584F0AD4D3A4646A79A87F83EB38D2C"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the number of abduction and access cases that the Central Authority of the United States transmitted to the Central Authority of such country; and</text></clause>
<clause id="H51FE7E7A5A4A42BBACEF511A5EEC9639"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the number of abduction and access cases that were not submitted by the Central Authority to the judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, of such country;</text></clause></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H18D573E9C003422FB5CA565A5438F692"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the reason for the delay in submission of each case identified in subparagraph (B)(ii) by the Central Authority of such country to the judicial or administrative authority of that country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HEADB90D49AAA41E3BA4D2F6F3244B89B"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the number of unresolved abduction and access cases, and the length of time each case has been pending;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HB4934C94F72A428D9C9BB3DF4D87ABA6"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the number and percentage of unresolved abduction cases in which law enforcement authorities have—</text>
<clause id="H6B5D1774FFA44B14A17EF53AF54A8C89"><enum>(i)</enum><text>not located the abducted child;</text></clause>
<clause id="HE9669D732C364F6FB47781EB2128AB0A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>failed to undertake serious efforts to locate the abducted child; and</text></clause>
<clause id="H7F54FDD54CFB46FEB9CDF2CD435E71E8"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>failed to enforce a return order rendered by the judicial or administrative authorities of such country;</text></clause></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9867B5B2C161443A9ADA2663A213C316"><enum>(F)</enum><text>the total number and the percentage of the total number of abduction and access cases, respectively, resolved during the preceding year;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HE35C550820C14432B042CDB4F5D80D42"><enum>(G)</enum><text>recommendations to improve the resolution of abduction and access cases; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9C902B5206984573A66807FA1EA4DD4C"><enum>(H)</enum><text>the average time it takes to locate a child;</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H36C6E4E4E13947F19DCAAD64522E2ABE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the number of abducted children whose habitual residence is in the United States and who were returned to the United States from—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5470C558E4DD4D3984BB024F91BF9718"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Convention countries;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H4D7A6F6C3915455EA489DA78FC994C71"><enum>(B)</enum><text>bilateral procedures countries;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9FAE891BB18740F0AE72F147F8993A49"><enum>(C)</enum><text>countries having other procedures for resolving such abductions; or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HDAAB656E4A6F41CEA63646F57E2FC531"><enum>(D)</enum><text>countries adhering to no protocols with respect to child abduction;</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H3A5AC83FC4834ED39EF7AFD10B485D57"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a list of Convention countries and bilateral procedures countries that have failed to comply with any of their obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as applicable, with respect to the resolution of abduction and access cases;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HB6BCD6DBEF2843B99A5C2BE1E0FDA59F"><enum>(5)</enum><text>a list of countries demonstrating a pattern of noncompliance and a description of the criteria on which the determination of a pattern of noncompliance for each country is based;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HA75E90B73828479CB9C26E9FB254AFFA"><enum>(6)</enum><text>information on efforts by the Secretary of State to encourage non-Convention countries—</text>
<subparagraph id="HAD3320FCF2604144B15221727417C626"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to ratify or accede to the Hague Abduction Convention;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9D457916DB264AF1B1637F5896A44208"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to enter into or implement other bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding, with the United States; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H8F1F55BD63CD4F87A8C47FBC2E075642"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to address pending abduction and access cases;</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H3351B5F4BAE04587996333CCDEBE6796"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the number of cases resolved without abducted children being returned to the United States from Convention countries, bilateral procedures countries, or other non-Convention countries;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H9AEE7147E2D44496BC6BBEE8DD8F242C"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a list of countries that became Convention countries with respect to the United States during the preceding year; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4CCDF7D2DC7747429D2C3DAECEC91734"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">information about efforts to seek resolution of abduction cases of children whose habitual residence is in the United States and whose abduction occurred before the Hague Abduction Convention entered into force with respect to the United States.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H0D86ABF35C22455AAFD61D25F7E67289"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>Unless a left-behind parent provides written permission to the Central Authority of the United States to include personally identifiable information about the parent or the child in the Annual Report, the Annual Report may not include any personally identifiable information about any such parent, child, or party to an abduction or access case involving such parent or child.</text></subsection>
<subsection id="H5B69A9D09E9346B692D956376D0484CA"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Additional sections</header><text>Each Annual Report shall also include—</text>
<paragraph id="H6250555CF6EA4BE798B6E82629FF77E2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>information on the number of unresolved abduction cases affecting military parents;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H33D0A844AC36424FAD2004912EDF0C44"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a description of the assistance offered to such military parents;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HFAF86EE3BAFB48E792E9B2B1CA614E89"><enum>(3)</enum><text>information on the use of airlines in abductions, voluntary airline practices to prevent abductions, and recommendations for best airline practices to prevent abductions;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HA789FED8BFC2465B8B6CD020F0381429"><enum>(4)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train domestic judges in the application of the Hague Abduction Convention; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HDED06CEFD4BD4CC88DA9D8E7E7F8B408"><enum>(5)</enum><text>information on actions taken by the Central Authority of the United States to train United States Armed Forces legal assistance personnel, military chaplains, and military family support center personnel about—</text>
<subparagraph id="HB1BC6F77BA2A42DC8C242F2E5B8BCD0F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>abductions;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H989874799A2D4580BA68E366EA4D6858"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the risk of loss of contact with children; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HABA390EA4C3F40628831802162699170"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the legal means available to resolve such cases.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H09EED756BAA048AF907BE4FBF3E90A4E"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Repeal of the Hague Abduction Convention Compliance Report</header><text>Section 2803 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/11611">42 U.S.C. 11611</external-xref>) is repealed.</text></subsection>
<subsection id="HBBD812B8AEC2475B810A3A46D9AD056B"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Notification to Congress on countries in noncompliance</header>
<paragraph id="H66AAFCC06DEB49E98DE60E7C5F05BFA3"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State shall include, in a separate section of the Annual Report, the Secretary’s determination, pursuant to the provisions under section 202(b), of whether each country listed in the report has engaged in a pattern of noncompliance in cases of child abduction during the preceding 12 months.</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H344B1D50F87844879411AFC08CF1B3C1"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The section described in paragraph (1)—</text>
<subparagraph id="H445718379C374E6B95E0ADC52906D7DB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>shall identify any action or actions described in section 202(d) (or commensurate action as provided in section 202(e)) that have been taken by the Secretary with respect to each country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HA2E821A4D0E844B9ABFCCB16592FDE0B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>shall describe the basis for the Secretary’s determination of the pattern of noncompliance by each country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HEFCD0D622F6D4F218A6F6A306E6C83A3"><enum>(C)</enum><text>shall indicate whether noneconomic policy options designed to resolve the pattern of noncompliance have reasonably been exhausted, including the consultations required under section 203.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>
<section id="HB753FD9535134FDC8075F00ADB640B1A"><enum>102.</enum><header>Standards and assistance</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of State shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H51BCFF19987B47F7931299EF444E4FB8"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ensure that United States diplomatic and consular missions abroad—</text>
<subparagraph id="H911D0CE026084B62B8B336DC095E25CD"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">maintain a consistent reporting standard with respect to abduction and access cases;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H3977EB6E43F84E178C39CF9DC026480C"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">designate at least 1 senior official in each such mission, at the discretion of the Chief of Mission, to assist left-behind parents from the United States who are visiting such country or otherwise seeking to resolve abduction or access cases; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HBCBF9A2E7668442AA5340CB1EF3C798C"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">monitor developments in abduction and access cases; and</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HE7123D87A8884820A0B3159E86204F61"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop and implement written strategic plans for engagement with any Convention or non-Convention country in which there are 5 or more cases of international child abduction.</text></paragraph></section>
<section id="H35FDFCD24B244E638CB3BB26EBA2A18C"><enum>103.</enum><header>Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding</header>
<subsection id="H57268AE779B84445AB9168097EE0DB03"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Development</header>
<paragraph id="HDADF997F3E294C03A180025D00B008DD"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall initiate a process to develop and enter into appropriate bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding, as appropriate, with non-Convention countries that are unlikely to become Convention countries in the foreseeable future, or with Convention countries that have unresolved abduction cases that occurred before the Hague Abduction Convention entered into force with respect to the United States or that country.</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HAA81976C5FC241B7A5A986D258D50B65"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Prioritization</header><text>In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary of State shall give priority to countries with significant abduction cases and related issues.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HA2768782E7BB453B8370A3BEF9D688CA"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Elements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The bilateral procedures described in subsection (a) should include provisions relating to—</text>
<paragraph id="HDECA39F986AF413EA4418FA1454526F9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the identification of—</text>
<subparagraph id="H298DDB7159CF4EA7ABAAB2808F76C174"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Central Authority;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H4F995B365373460F943426DAF18E7C21"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the judicial or administrative authority that will promptly adjudicate abduction and access cases;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H317C3B2B4981471AA6A51D6AAD52069C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the law enforcement agencies; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H55452DB4F7294EB4AFC1816AC0D1250A"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the implementation of procedures to ensure the immediate enforcement of an order issued by the authority identified pursuant to subparagraph (B) to return an abducted child to a left-behind parent, including by—</text>
<clause id="H7747C121CE5B4CF2826D74B6306E97E6"><enum>(i)</enum><text>conducting an investigation to ascertain the location of the abducted child;</text></clause>
<clause id="HA2599E098EAF4BFA91CAA9927FC3DFAF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>providing protection to the abducted child after such child is located; and</text></clause>
<clause id="HA57A2676D60945BDB45617326AB37B32"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>retrieving the abducted child and making the appropriate arrangements for such child to be returned to the child’s country of habitual residence;</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HA5F59AF3A6E24836A1308BBD904D5902"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol to effectuate the return of an abducted child identified in an abduction case not later than 6 weeks after the application with respect to the abduction case has been submitted to the judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, of the country in which the abducted child is located;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H15F3D8F992954733A2159D7DE865707E"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol for the establishment and protection of the rights of interim contact during pendency of abduction cases; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H1EA5DF63A18D4EC8AC8BF1093EEECA22"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the implementation of a protocol to establish periodic visits between a United States embassy or consular official and an abducted child, in order to allow the official to ascertain the child’s location and welfare.</text></paragraph></subsection></section>
<section id="H53BBCBFE9CF0404885F7B68F448DFDE8"><enum>104.</enum><header>Report to congressional representatives</header>
<subsection id="H41AE65B70FDC48059B5AA24D228A7714"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>The Secretary of State shall submit written notification to the Member of Congress and Senators, or Resident Commissioner or Delegate, as appropriate, representing the legal residence of a left-behind parent if such parent—</text>
<paragraph id="H0461EFED06DF4FCF90E0085F1B373049"><enum>(1)</enum><text>reports an abduction to the Central Authority of the United States; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4131EFFCCC4A4620A94FE22FBF4DEC1E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>consents to such notification.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HA377AA10641E4EB1A44F9F008B0BB287"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Timing</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">At the request of any person who is a left-behind parent, including a left-behind parent who previously reported an abduction to the Central Authority of the United States before the date of the enactment of this Act, the notification required under subsection (a) shall be provided as soon as is practicable.</text></subsection></section>
<enum>II</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State</header>
<section id="H1C8ACEDBCBBC47EE805F0DE0BD08F4A9"><enum>201.</enum><header>Response to international child abductions</header>
<subsection id="H7021A1B6A7E4450B9E9FAE458223D35D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>United States policy</header><text>It is the policy of the United States—</text>
<paragraph id="HEF9B4235DCB04229B0693CC0678DCAE8"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to promote the best interest of children wrongfully abducted from the United States by—</text>
<subparagraph id="HA69D726F46B24CA7812C74E5B6B095AA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing legal rights and procedures for their prompt return; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HE42CAD1D72364711A3549C1BF75D3259"><enum>(B)</enum><text>ensuring the enforcement of reciprocal international obligations under the Hague Abduction Convention or arrangements under bilateral procedures;</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H081272043F60479CB202733C124C3331"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to promote the timely resolution of abduction cases through 1 or more of the actions described in section 202; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4A067F4555B940C1A206639780E16C70"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to ensure appropriate coordination within the Federal Government and between Federal, State, and local agencies involved in abduction prevention, investigation, and resolution.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H510E41DEB8DB4FFE86D42745F8258EC0"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State in response to unresolved cases</header>
<paragraph id="HEF37AE5350DA4A6EBE6AFF6998D289F4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Determination of action by the secretary of state</header><text>For each abduction or access case relating to a child whose habitual residence is in the United States that remains pending or is otherwise unresolved on the date that is 12 months after the date on which the Central Authority of the United States submits such case to a foreign country, the Secretary of State shall determine whether the government of such foreign country has failed to take appropriate steps to resolve the case. If the Secretary of State determines that such failure occurred, the Secretary should, as expeditiously as practicable—</text>
<subparagraph id="H91B663A9723D469E80D9A6817AAC047D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take 1 or more of the actions described in subsections (d) and (e) of section 202; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H04168AF8BB5D40D38C02CD303456359F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>direct the Chief of Mission in that foreign country to directly address the resolution of the case with senior officials in the foreign government.</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H64A3F05782234D9D84E8D259ABE2DDA8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authority for delay of action by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary of State may delay any action described in paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines that an additional period of time, not to exceed 1 year, will substantially assist in resolving the case.</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4BF5CEB2E9984A1B89C76C8506958E46"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Report</header><text>If the Secretary of State delays any action pursuant to paragraph (2) or decides not to take an action described in subsection (d) or (e) of section 202 after making the determination described in paragraph (1), the Secretary, not later than 15 days after such delay or decision, shall provide a report to the appropriate congressional committees that details the reasons for delaying action or not taking action, as appropriate.</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H140E134233064109B3C935AF7230533A"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Congressional briefings</header><text>At the request of the appropriate congressional committees, the Secretary of State shall provide a detailed briefing, including a written report, if requested, on actions taken to resolve a case or the cause for delay.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H7760689B2EC749D3BF3C3EA20662A693"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Implementation</header>
<paragraph id="HECFB57EE9C574496870461D438CA25F2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out subsection (b), the Secretary of State should—</text>
<subparagraph id="H3FB8C825E0A349068652FA27E6B025B6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take 1 or more actions that most appropriately respond to the nature and severity of the governmental failure to resolve the unresolved abduction case; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H63F944862571450793FF41733A801CEA"><enum>(B)</enum><text>seek, to the fullest extent possible—</text>
<clause id="H1B1F0AAFCAAD4C579F3F9D44E67FE2A7"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to initially respond by communicating with the Central Authority of the country; and</text></clause>
<clause id="H6321597684B0489E9059D42BB6C34DB8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>if clause (i) is unsuccessful, to target subsequent actions—</text>
<subclause id="H811D33EB151541CF95E954643B56D239"><enum>(I)</enum><text>as narrowly as practicable, with respect to the agencies or instrumentalities of the foreign government that are responsible for such failures; and</text></subclause>
<subclause id="H34D397B8CBCC4F108E0271856F0980FF"><enum>(II)</enum><text>in ways that respect the separation of powers and independence of the judiciary of the country, as applicable.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HD2135C83D9D0414789A210E8974096C8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Guidelines for actions by the secretary of state</header><text>In addition to the guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State, in determining whether to take 1 or more actions under paragraphs (5) through (7) of section 202(d) or section 202(e), shall seek to minimize any adverse impact on—</text>
<subparagraph id="H2E475FCBFE304169AC58262682632B75"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the population of the country whose government is targeted by the action or actions;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H333183D817834127A1C20CBC1E8A431B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the humanitarian activities of United States and nongovernmental organizations in the country; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H1DE324C318824DB090294AF0A77952CE"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the national security interests of the United States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>
<section id="H383EEF03DC5C47B2B01116A0268A0CAE"><enum>202.</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abductions</header>
<subsection id="HAF1661C5911D45C4AB0343C95E2F1AE1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Response to a pattern of noncompliance</header><text>It is the policy of the United States—</text>
<paragraph id="HA49417E060D949AF8B08D83A3B20530B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to oppose institutional or other systemic failures of foreign governments to fulfill their obligations pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as applicable, to resolve abduction and access cases;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H3D4781047CE441BAB4F2E6E8FD4E4590"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to promote reciprocity pursuant to, and in compliance with, the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as appropriate; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HC105CDE1AE5645E0B33A2C1F133AC706"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to directly engage with senior foreign government officials to most effectively address patterns of noncompliance.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H24D1D9AD712D4513A325923F760C44AE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Determination of countries with patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abduction</header>
<paragraph id="H3B941B421A8A4B73B9EEE31DBFC06EAF"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Annual review</header><text>Not later than April 30 of each year, the Secretary of State shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="HEE9EBF1801BA4F488F88BEFEAFC4BCC6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>review the status of abduction and access cases in each foreign country in order to determine whether the government of such country has engaged in a pattern of noncompliance during the preceding 12 months; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H01A761E184A948C683CF70E6E8497AE6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>report such determination pursuant to section 101(f).</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H650BF304AF3747A395EC3CB81F7192B3"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Determinations of responsible parties</header><text>The Secretary of State shall seek to determine the agencies or instrumentalities of the government of each country determined to have engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under paragraph (1)(A) that are responsible for such pattern of noncompliance—</text>
<subparagraph id="HA0959818634D46B1BB57AC487CDE3EA0"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to appropriately target actions in response to such noncompliance; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H983CFA980C1D487C95A61037732D1B04"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to engage with senior foreign government officials to effectively address such noncompliance.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H32CE71FEEF3F4411BA377E0417235CED"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Actions by the Secretary of State with respect to a country with a pattern of noncompliance</header>
<paragraph id="HD0494FE07DBA4557BB95285F96DD78B9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 90 days (or 180 days in case of a delay under paragraph (2)) after a country is determined to have been engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A), the Secretary of State shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="HD1C3F5E769E44CBF87AA825E3FB98ADA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>take 1 or more of the actions described in subsection (d);</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HBEA27E684E804B5D96866238D94AEA4B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>direct the Chief of Mission in that country to directly address the systemic problems that led to such determination; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H5D6AFA71B4A24687A84A6E22928C34F2"><enum>(C)</enum><text>inform senior officials in the foreign government of the potential repercussions related to such designation.</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HACCAD4CA731A4622AC59E6AE011D3A85"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authority for delay of actions by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary shall not be required to take action under paragraph (1) until the expiration of a single, additional period of up to 90 days if, on or before the date on which the Secretary of State is required to take such action, the Secretary determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that such additional period is necessary—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9F672567373B442E9C3E5557A612B022"><enum>(A)</enum><text>for a continuation of negotiations that have been commenced with the government of a country described in paragraph (1) in order to bring about a cessation of the pattern of noncompliance by such country;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HCF1B1B53DB634B0489F24A6F3D83FFDF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for a review of corrective action taken by a country after the designation of such country as being engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A); or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H6068168E5144436D9DD23A6D4D34C29D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in anticipation that corrective action will be taken by such country during such 90-day period.</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HED9EA2DDF24A4639BADB6FC699412669"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Exception for additional action by the secretary of state</header><text>The Secretary of State shall not be required to take additional action under paragraph (1) with respect to a country determined to have been engaged in a persistent pattern of noncompliance if the Secretary—</text>
<subparagraph id="H553E14B0191E46639D35C0C1358CB368"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has taken action pursuant to paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of subsection (d) with respect to such country in the preceding year and such action continues to be in effect;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HE814D22066EF421E83FC04A68FA514EF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>exercises the waiver under section 204 and briefs the appropriate congressional committees; or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HA00CB532F6BF48E697946D3265273169"><enum>(C)</enum><text>submits a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—</text>
<clause id="H655A74707445403F83374CE190844E2C"><enum>(i)</enum><text>indicates that such country is subject to multiple, broad-based sanctions; and</text></clause>
<clause id="HF95AE8CDB88C4BCBAEF690C01BCBDD2F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>describes how such sanctions satisfy the requirements under this subsection.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HCFD4F39CA3574CC2BBF25F133789F383"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Report to congress</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the submission of the Annual Report, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress on the specific actions taken against countries determined to have been engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under this section.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H820B81D0EB0A4871A30F972A9EA2B5A1"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Description of actions by the Secretary of State in Hague Abduction Convention countries</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the actions by the Secretary of State referred to in this subsection are—</text>
<paragraph id="H45E3790BF9B74B74ADC2294C0F1C1F21"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a demarche;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H555DDB6E9D10448FB941597194F4976D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an official public statement detailing unresolved cases;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H83ED88D61A8B4353ADB0649DC42E0A84"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a public condemnation;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H7BC58A13EC584312B12C7F7257453FBE"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a delay or cancellation of 1 or more bilateral working, official, or state visits;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H1EB0EAB293984BDF880F5D93C0FC9E2D"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance with section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151n">22 U.S.C. 2151n</external-xref>);</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H6EE38BB2875F42F9B1EC6AA0B67D1CD9"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2304">22 U.S.C. 2304</external-xref>);</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H5864EDB8C1644B45B79AE9F59B73FEC3"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of assistance to the central government of a country pursuant to chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2346">22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.</external-xref>; relating to the Economic Support Fund); and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HEDC9F4CDD2A743FBB395A1EA5B5C806E"><enum>(8)</enum><text>a formal request to the foreign country concerned to extradite an individual who is engaged in abduction and who has been formally accused of, charged with, or convicted of an extraditable offense.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H22E8390992A7470A9B3BE82C71631918"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Commensurate action</header>
<paragraph id="HFB71F16701744FCA86B51816E7C55BAA"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the Secretary of State may substitute any other action authorized by law for any action described in subsection (d) if the Secretary determines that such action—</text>
<subparagraph id="H4BC0F24D6E0043759F3BA444C30702D0"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is commensurate in effect to the action substituted; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H14617A3DADCD4D57B91CCC808F79646C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>would substantially further the purposes of this Act.</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H705F0FA00AB641BAAE18560E984EB911"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>If commensurate action is taken pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—</text>
<subparagraph id="HBEF166EAF0B2496CB52DABD530755625"><enum>(A)</enum><text>describes such action;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H115972F0537E41728ACFAF8B34ABDD73"><enum>(B)</enum><text>explains the reasons for taking such action; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HBD5DED2EB7D84575A1B554A62104E7F7"><enum>(C)</enum><text>specifically describes the basis for the Secretary’s determination under paragraph (1) that such action—</text>
<clause id="HA89A9A44BF634D0F889A457E49EA13CC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>is commensurate with the action substituted; and</text></clause>
<clause id="H352F8E3D98914B989F5949448799A0EE"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>substantially furthers the purposes of this Act.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HF2345F5EAB974782BC54C0D289381FF8"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Resolution</header><text>The Secretary of State shall seek to take all appropriate actions authorized by law to resolve the unresolved case or to obtain the cessation of such pattern of noncompliance, as applicable.</text></subsection>
<subsection id="HDC8EAC2E082149AC96694562E3EAB711"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Humanitarian exception</header><text>Any action taken pursuant to subsection (d) or (e) may not prohibit or restrict the provision of medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other life-saving humanitarian assistance.</text></subsection></section>
<section id="HE7585AB5DCBC420FAE89D7BCE2E5C81F"><enum>203.</enum><header>Consultations with foreign governments</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">As soon as practicable after the Secretary of State makes a determination under section 201 in response to a failure to resolve unresolved abduction cases or the Secretary takes an action under subsection (d) or (e) of section 202, based on a pattern of noncompliance, the Secretary shall request consultations with the government of such country regarding the situation giving rise to such determination.</text></section>
<section id="H071095F5B7E341BEB1A08E50F5B97E85"><enum>204.</enum><header>Waiver by the Secretary of State</header>
<subsection id="H1D93AAE4EFA34C959E173DCD4071A55F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of State may waive the application of any of the actions described in subsections (d) and (e) of section 202 with respect to a country if the Secretary determines and notifies the appropriate congressional committees that—</text>
<paragraph id="H17252A6C9ECA4834BD3F30A7386392D9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the government of such country—</text>
<subparagraph id="H0F15BDBDBFEB45A58C68E3CE88C7D9B2"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has satisfactorily resolved the abduction cases giving rise to the application of any of such actions; or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H2E075D18F8FD4624877211AD192ADC53"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ended such country’s pattern of noncompliance; or</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H72C1442C34D147F7B2C2CBD1F894B0C0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the national security interest of the United States requires the exercise of such waiver authority.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H00A7B404180541399B35C28D2967A08F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Congressional notification</header><text>Not later than the date on which the Secretary of State exercises the waiver authority under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H61B5941EDF75447E8EF39F4B24891233"><enum>(1)</enum><text>notify the appropriate congressional committees of such waiver; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H1C56DF2E880640FEBE4FD1E6A0657924"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provide such committees with a detailed justification for such waiver, including an explanation of the steps the noncompliant government has taken—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5FCDEDB2981540A9A126506DB8792856"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to resolve abductions cases; or</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9235B00F279046D7AD78B8E65AA1C1BA"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to end its pattern of noncompliance.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HEF0C1656C77947518C05C2BCD9BFF902"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Publication in Federal Register</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subsection (d), the Secretary of State shall ensure that each waiver determination under this section—</text>
<paragraph id="HD8ED6843DA884FCEB92A7B08E9BFD714"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is published in the Federal Register; or</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HD8BA9C435D2643D8B073F4A9A35A0702"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is posted on the Department of State website.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection commented="no" id="H7DBFF226E1FA40EA956D00743F3AD2A0"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Limited disclosure of information</header><text>The Secretary of State may limit the publication of information under subsection (c) in the same manner and to the same extent as the President may limit the publication of findings and determinations described in section 654(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2414">22 U.S.C. 2414(c)</external-xref>), if the Secretary determines that the publication of such information would be harmful to the national security of the United States and would not further the purposes of this Act.</text></subsection></section>
<section id="H19911AA11FBE4E1199FAFA5F8CCBA2EA"><enum>205.</enum><header>Termination of actions by the Secretary of State</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any specific action taken under this Act or any amendment made by this Act with respect to a foreign country shall terminate on the date on which the Secretary of State submits a written certification to Congress that the government of such country—</text>
<paragraph id="HB6EA47876E6644CDB5C468614ECA3F4F"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has resolved any unresolved abduction case that gave rise to such specific action; or</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H798348AF171E4BE3A68B608976E29190"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has taken substantial and verifiable steps to correct such country’s persistent pattern of noncompliance that gave rise to such specific action, as applicable.</text></paragraph></section>
<enum>III</enum><header>Prevention of International Child Abduction</header>
<section id="HEF3761E2E4744050A0FD616092771935"><enum>301.</enum><header>Preventing children from leaving the United States in violation of a court order</header>
<subsection id="H8FE96667EA1D47C5AEF33104F8AA5020"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/6/231">6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block changed="added" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H0757E3BB8CBE48088B3A922D400FDF6B" reported-display-style="italic" style="OLC">
<section id="H066AB5B938A44F9F9AD9E51F7C9DFC50"><enum>433.</enum><header>Prevention of international child abduction</header>
<subsection id="HA8F3EE42293C4CBCB7437A0C34942449"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program established</header><text>The Secretary, through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (referred to in this section as <quote>CBP</quote>), in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall establish a program that—</text>
<paragraph id="HEE71C588A4554F4BB9C5021511A0EDBF"><enum>(1)</enum><text>seeks to prevent a child (as defined in <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/18/1204">section 1204(b)(1)</external-xref> of title 18, United States Code) from departing from the territory of the United States if a parent or legal guardian of such child presents a court order from a court of competent jurisdiction prohibiting the removal of such child from the United States to a CBP Officer in sufficient time to prevent such departure for the duration of such court order; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HFB3C88F22A054B8AB19887D4D6A5960D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>leverages other existing authorities and processes to address the wrongful removal and return of a child.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HD54A01D4E19843F8A72B96C6D5D70F30"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Interagency coordination</header>
<paragraph id="HFC6F2A81F2C44E4D9D82DEE60C591450"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State shall convene and chair an interagency working group to prevent international parental child abduction. The group shall be composed of presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed officials from—</text>
<subparagraph id="H8669B059D94F45798F4AD525BD5812E5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Department of State;</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HC9B9D442E2F84BFF991C08679CDEBE2C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Department of Homeland Security, including U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H93169F34B4CE4CC481F158D4D090FA49"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation.</text></subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H578C765683184C098633290600245BD6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Department of defense</header><text>The Secretary of Defense shall designate an official within the Department of Defense—</text>
<subparagraph id="HCD3290511D234FE380193DF4A7546A4C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to coordinate with the Department of State on international child abduction issues; and</text></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H5675ED2688374DC391363A9088CCEE13"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to oversee activities designed to prevent or resolve international child abduction cases relating to active duty military service members.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection>
<subsection id="H73004654E1754036A67BBEAE6535EDE6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Clerical amendment</header><text>The table of contents of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/6/101">6 U.S.C. 101</external-xref> note) is amended by adding after the item relating to section 432 the following:</text>
<quoted-block changed="added" id="HADB546E38AEC4465B71FE33E14737224" reported-display-style="italic" style="OLC">
<toc changed="not-changed">
<toc-entry idref="H066AB5B938A44F9F9AD9E51F7C9DFC50" level="section">Sec. 433. Prevention of international child abduction.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section>
<section id="HCB83779E194F4EF8B084939BA1DB56EC"><enum>302.</enum><header>Authorization for judicial training on international parental child abduction</header>
<subsection id="H35602467A0964DF0ADBBD7F1BC38853B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State, subject to the availability of appropriations, shall seek to provide training, directly or through another government agency or nongovernmental organizations, on the effective handling of parental abduction cases to the judicial and administrative authorities in countries—</text>
<paragraph id="H755073E9909F4EFBA738586E8BFD5ECC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in which a significant number of unresolved abduction cases are pending; or</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4EFF5704A0614377AF9F42CE74525140"><enum>(2)</enum><text>that have been designated as having a pattern of noncompliance under section 202(b).</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HA4A2FC9649AA45E0A5841200F134C213"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Strategy requirement</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit a strategy to carry out the activities described in subsection (a) to—</text>
<paragraph id="HE48B0D05D9354A5B92BA624AFB75707F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="SSFR00">Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate</committee-name>;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H2E35677D480646AA8767045EBBF4AFDA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives</committee-name>;</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H5E2386A36A374DB68AF7AE9E237465AF"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="SSAP00">Committee on Appropriations of the Senate</committee-name>; and</text></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H441B90692CC54E8BA8893A4BF2AE75F1"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives</committee-name>.</text></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H06A915358FD847A988A88CEF87B7A6BF"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header>
<paragraph id="H15162D14E379480D93DA2C995D3E5AFD"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2015 and 2016 to carry out subsection (a).</text></paragraph>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H4677183FF30D42F4AE32558406DEE074"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Use of funds</header><text>Amounts appropriated for the activities set forth in subsection (a) shall be used pursuant to the authorization and requirements under this section.</text></paragraph></subsection></section>
Speaker of the House of Representatives.Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.