113 S960 IS: Syria Transition Support Act of 2013
U.S. Senate
2013-05-15
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short
title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited
as the Syria Transition Support Act of
2013
.
(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of
contents.
Sec. 2. Appropriate congressional committees
defined.
Sec. 3. Findings.
Sec. 4. Purposes of assistance.
Sec. 5. No authorization for the use of military
force.
TITLE I—United States strategy and congressional
oversight
Sec. 101. Report on United States strategy on
Syria.
Sec. 102. Congressional oversight of United States Government
activities in Syria.
TITLE II—Humanitarian assistance
Sec. 201. Humanitarian assistance to the people of
Syria.
Sec. 202. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 203. Report on strategy to communicate to the Syrian
people about assistance provided by the United States Government.
TITLE III—Promoting an effective transition
Sec. 301. Syria Transition Fund.
Sec. 302. Adjusting sanctions provisions in preparation for a
political transition.
Sec. 303. Report on Syrian weapons stockpiles.
Sec. 304. Pre-transition international consensus.
TITLE IV—Sanctions
Sec. 401. Definitions.
Sec. 402. Imposition of sanctions with respect to selling,
transferring, or transporting defense articles, defense services, or military
training to the Assad regime of Syria.
Sec. 403. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons
providing petroleum or petroleum products to the Assad regime of
Syria.
Sec. 404. Sanctions described.
Sec. 405. Waivers.
Sec. 406. Sense of Congress on sanctions.
TITLE V—Increased support for the opposition
Sec. 501. Lethal and increased non-lethal support for the
vetted opposition.
2.Appropriate
congressional committees definedIn this Act, except as specifically provided
in title IV of this Act, the term appropriate congressional
committees means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
3.Congress makes the following
findings:
(1)Since mass
peaceful demonstrations started in Syria on March 15, 2011, the Government of
Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad, has responded by committing human rights abuses
and launching a violent crackdown that has claimed an estimated 70,000 lives
and degenerated into a civil war.
(2)The civil war has
caused a humanitarian crisis. According to the United Nations, there are more
than 1,400,000 Syrian refugees registered in Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Egypt,
and Iraq and more than 2,600,000 Syrians displaced within the country. More
than three-quarters of refugees and internally displaced persons are women and
children.
(3)The refugee
crisis threatens the stability of the Middle East, putting immense burdens on
Syria’s neighbors, most notably Lebanon and Jordan, but also Turkey and
Iraq.
(4)The civil war has
increased the danger that the Assad regime could lose control of its chemical
weapons stockpile, with the chemical weapons potentially falling into the hands
of terrorist groups like Hizballah and al Qaeda.
(5)On April 25,
2013, the White House issued a letter to Congress stating that our
intelligence community does assess with varying degrees of confidence that the
Syrian regime has used chemical weapons on a small scale in Syria, specifically
the chemical agent Sarin
.
(6)The security
vacuum in Syria has created a safe haven for both Shia and Sunni extremists,
which could threaten the security of the United States and its partners in the
region.
(7)Instability in
Syria has threatened Israel’s security, particularly on the shared border along
the Golan Heights.
(8)A change of
government in Syria could be a significant blow to the Government of Iran and
Hizballah, which would lose a strong ally and which have also been aggressively
providing military and other assistance to Bashar al-Assad’s forces, including
through the trafficking of weapons and supplies on commercial flights
originating from or terminating in Iran.
(9)The commitments
made by the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
at the international meeting in Istanbul on April 20 and 21, 2013, constitute
an important endorsement of shared principles and objectives that should guide
United States Government cooperation with the National Coalition for Syrian
Revolutionary and Opposition Forces and affiliated forces. These principles
include a commitment to the territorial integrity of Syria, a rejection of
sectarianism and extremism, and pledges to secure chemical weapons and support
nonproliferation efforts.
(10)It is vital to
the national security interests of the United States to ensure that the United
States planning and programs, specifically those conducted under the
authorities or funding provided in or authorized under this Act, are focused on
ensuring a stable and appropriate political transition in Syria and limiting
the threats posed by extremist groups, weapons proliferation, sectarian and
ethnic violence, and refugee flows in the aftermath of the current
conflict.
4.The purposes of
assistance authorized by this Act are—
(1)to support
transition from the current regime to a just and democratic state that is
inclusive and protects the rights of all Syrians regardless of religion,
ethnicity, or gender;
(2)to assist the
people of Syria, especially internally displaced persons and refugees, in
meeting basic needs including access to food, health care, shelter, and clean
drinking water;
(3)to provide
political and economic support to those neighboring countries who are hosting
refugees fleeing Syria and to international organizations that are providing
assistance and coordinating humanitarian relief efforts;
(4)to oppose the
unlawful use of violence against civilians by all parties to the conflict in
Syria;
(5)to use a broad
array of instruments of national power to expedite a negotiated solution to the
conflict in Syria, including the departure of Bashar al-Assad;
(6)to recognize the
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (in this Act
referred to as the Syrian Opposition Coalition or
SOC) as a legitimate representative of the Syrian people;
(7)to engage with
opposition groups that reflect United States interests and values, most notably
the Syrian Opposition Coalition, any legitimate successor groups, including
appropriate subgroups within the opposition that are representative of the
Syrian people, as well as the broader international community, that are
committed to facilitating an orderly transition to a more stable democratic
political order, including—
(A)protecting human
rights, expanding political participation, and providing religious freedom to
all Syrians, irrespective of religion, ethnicity, or gender;
(B)supporting the
rule of law;
(C)rejecting
terrorism and extremist ideologies;
(D)subordinating the
military to civilian authority;
(E)protecting the
Syrian population against sectarian violence and reprisals;
(F)cooperating with
international counterterrorism and nonproliferation efforts;
(G)supporting
regional stability and avoiding interference in the affairs of neighboring
countries; and
(H)establishing a
strong justice system and ensuring accountability for conflict-related
crimes;
(8)to promote the
territorial integrity of Syria and continuity of the Syrian state by supporting
a post-Assad government that is capable of providing security, services, and
political and religious rights to its people;
(9)to provide
foreign assistance, defense articles, defense services, and training to
specific members of the Syrian Supreme Military Council, particular units of
the Free Syrian Army, and other Syrian entities opposed to the government of
Bashar al-Assad that have been properly and fully vetted and share common
values and interests with the United States;
(10)to closely
coordinate with key partners on contingency planning, including Turkey, Jordan,
Israel, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the European Union, to ensure that
these partners are prepared for an appropriate response to the evolving
situation in Syria, including being ready and capable of securing of chemical
or biological weapons or other proliferation emergencies, preventing the flow
of fighters and weapons out of Syria into neighboring countries, or taking
other measures against the Government of Syria, including contingency planning
for a no-fly zone;
(11)to support
efforts to identify and document the activities of those individuals who target
or lead units or organizations that target civilian populations and vulnerable
populations, including women and children, or have engaged in otherwise
unlawful acts, and to ensure that they are held accountable for their actions;
and
(12)to ensure a
stable and appropriate political transition in Syria and limit the threats
posed by extremist groups, weapons proliferation, sectarian and ethnic
violence, and refugee flows in the aftermath of the current conflict.
5.No authorization
for the use of military forceNothing in this Act shall be construed as
providing authorization for the use of military force by the United States
Armed Forces.
<enum>I</enum><header>United States
strategy and congressional oversight</header>
<section id="idb6be3ce0b304451fbacacc0a85df3370"><enum>101.</enum><header>Report on
United States strategy on Syria</header>
<subsection id="id295d0524c4364442b94338a96f2b0873"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees an unclassified report, with an classified annex, as necessary, on
an integrated United States Government strategy to achieve the purposes set
forth in section 4.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id2564d904b305420a9ca8e2a2d4c62b86"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Metrics</header><text>The
strategy referenced in subsection (a) should include specific proposed actions
to be taken by each relevant government agency, a timeframe for beginning and
completing such actions, and metrics for evaluating the success of each
proposed action relative to the purpose of such action.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ida0b050b713b949ffa1e2836c4d6a93c6"><enum>(c)</enum><header>International
engagement strategy</header><text>The strategy referenced in subsection (a)
should specifically include sections describing specific United States
Government programs and efforts—</text>
<paragraph id="ide8505cab1d95493aa47596f9e53a2027"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to establish
international consensus on the transition and post-transition period and
government in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idee38def84f164b4aba3adf54e74999b3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to work with the
Government of Russia on the situation in Syria and the transition and
post-transition period and government in Syria, including how such programs can
leverage the shared interests of the United States and Russia in avoiding the
expansion of extremist ideologies and terrorist groups in Syria and the
region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idd0973626c60e4a8c9cb1008f36d5b3c2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to work with the
Friends of Syria group to ensure that extremist and terrorist groups in Syria
are isolated and that the core of the opposition can be brought to the
negotiating table; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ida664b707e8874c95aca216039ff4282a"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to build an
international consensus to limit and, to the greatest extent possible
eliminate, support from the Government of Iran for the Syrian regime, including
a potential ban on all commercial flights between Iran and Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ideb1e1b157a5a4e739a3e77c9789eb198"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Congressional
consultation</header><text>The President shall actively consult with the
appropriate congressional committees prior to the submission of the report
required under subsection (a).</text>
</subsection></section><section id="id8dbaff3322ed4840bc56840917619f3d"><enum>102.</enum><header>Congressional
oversight of United States Government activities in Syria</header>
<subsection id="idb4e38018d31d4afa8d4e9ea39fd84f0a"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President shall keep Congress, through the
appropriate congressional committees, fully and currently informed of all
United States Government activities with respect to Syria, including activities
and programs conducted or funded pursuant to this Act.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id7fd73a4317744abdbaae38e5a1a72790"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text>The
President shall provide a classified briefing not less than on a quarterly
basis to the appropriate congressional committees detailing all United States
Government activities with respect to Syria, including activities and programs
conducted or funded pursuant to this Act.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Humanitarian
assistance</header>
<section id="id82a0f947b9b24f31a5631fac490e3789"><enum>201.</enum><header>Humanitarian
assistance to the people of Syria</header>
<subsection id="id3337b48f2e7a4b7ab4e9ce9d6d18f7d9"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authority</header><text>Notwithstanding
any other provision of law that restricts the provision of United States
economic or other non-military assistance in Syria, the President is authorized
to provide economic and other non-military assistance to meet humanitarian
needs to the people of Syria, either directly or through appropriate groups and
organizations pursuant to the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151">22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.</external-xref>) or the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (22 U.S.C.
2601 et seq.).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id4c42eb15e6f84e928a18345f0a71fcc5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Rule of
construction</header><text>Nothing in this section shall be construed to
authorize new or additional funding for humanitarian needs.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="ida85d9cfba11946beb85919366673432b"><enum>202.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Consistent with the
policy objectives described in section 4, it is the sense of Congress
that—</text>
<paragraph id="id8b32c49ed0034a80add48a1209c1bc19"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the United States
should continue to coordinate with other donor nations, the United Nations,
other multilateral agencies, and nongovernmental organizations to enhance the
effectiveness of humanitarian assistance to the people suffering as a result of
the crisis in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id81adf80836544440985e5fbcac6b53ec"><enum>(2)</enum><text>countries hosting
Syrian refugees should be commended for their efforts and should be encouraged
to maintain an open border policy for fleeing Syrians;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idd3d8e00e16314d6ba4792822a7571c1e"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the United States
Government should continue to work with these partners to help their national
systems accommodate the population influx and also maintain delivery of basic
services to their own citizens; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id8079675c106e42f8ba9220d958e8a215"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the United States
Government should seek to identify humanitarian assistance as originating from
the American people wherever possible and to the fullest extent practicable,
while maintaining consideration for the health and safety of the implementers
and recipients of that assistance and the achievement of United States policy
goals and the purposes set forth in section 4.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="id55ec6a4648e44fc785561196b7db0c0f"><enum>203.</enum><header>Report on
strategy to communicate to the Syrian people about assistance provided by the
United States Government</header>
<subsection id="idd826a966ab764bfc87219f83aaa816b8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees an unclassified report with a classified annex, as necessary, on an
integrated United States Government strategy to ensure that the people of Syria
people are made aware to the maximum extent possible of the assistance that the
United States Government provides to Syrians both inside Syria and those
seeking refuge in neighboring countries.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id812e1833876d43a8bbfd6271ad6ec420"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Content</header><text>The
report should include the following elements:</text>
<paragraph id="ida5404c60c596455b8b2dab8d269d0ccf"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A discussion of
how the United States balances three imperatives of—</text>
<subparagraph id="idf04fcaf2d19844609848c483cf475c64"><enum>(A)</enum><text>maximizing the
efficacy of aid provided to the people of Syria;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id160a3c45b76343c1a112a9d2a56e9daa"><enum>(B)</enum><text>ensuring that
there is awareness among the people of Syria on the amount and nature of this
aid; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id24c77c587bce4a4ea414994090b2d2ac"><enum>(C)</enum><text>leveraging this
aid to improve the credibility of the Syrian Opposition Coalition amongst the
people of Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id85e854101bd14b5d9edf6bfc7da4771d"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Methods by which
the United States Government and its partners plan to communicate to the people
of Syria what assistance the United States has provided.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id6d6bc22fb7094eaab713e873558eb662"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A plan, with
specific action, timelines, and evaluation metrics for promoting awareness of
the United States Government’s assistance to the maximum extent possible while
taking into consideration and ensuring the safety of its implementing partners
and personnel providing that assistance and the achievement of the United
States policy goals and the purposes set forth in section 4.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idaeb87d0bf0644632ae8353ac9eeea849"><enum>(4)</enum><text>An assessment of
the Syrian Opposition Coalition’s Assistance Coordination Unit (ACU)’s, or any
appropriate successor entity’s, capacity to participate in the distribution of
assistance, and a description of steps the United States Government is taking
to increase their profile so as to help build their credibility among
Syrians.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Promoting an
effective transition</header>
<section id="idd0be853fa75d40f6906be8479512f415"><enum>301.</enum><header>Syria
Transition Fund</header>
<subsection id="idcf0ea03442cc40088017abac5a91c979"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Syria
Transition Fund</header>
<paragraph id="id5549e5fef90c4fe2be2d1a9103f897cb"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text>There
is established a Syria Transition Fund (in this title referred to as the
<term>Transition Fund</term>) from which funds may be made available,
notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts the provision of
United States economic or non-military assistance in Syria, for assistance and
contributions to promote security and support the objectives described in
section 4.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id77e4db37ab42450c8a573ba5431f2e07"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Obligation of
funds; notification</header>
<subparagraph id="idCA94B4D73BCB4587819EEA41823FEECE"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Transition Fund may rely upon the administrative
authorities of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151">22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.</external-xref>), and
obligation of such funds may not occur until 15 days after the date on which
the President has provided notice of intent to obligate to the appropriate
congressional committees and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and
the House of Representatives.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id0E79DE97EF3B469DAEBEDD138CB9BAD4"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
notification required under subparagraph (A) may be waived if failure to do so
would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare, in which case
notification shall be provided as early as practicable, but in no event later
than three days after taking the action to which such notification requirement
was applicable in the context of the circumstances necessitating such waiver.
Any notification provided pursuant to such a waiver shall contain an
explanation of the emergency circumstances.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idbbc33660befa428ab7f6fbc24eca3b79"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Purpose</header><text>The
purpose of the Transition Fund is to provide support in the early transition
period to enable an effective political transition to a more democratic and
inclusive political structure and provide for initiatives that will improve the
security of the United States, United States partners and allies, and the
people of Syria. The Transition Fund may be used to support programs in the
following areas and in priority order:</text>
<paragraph id="idedafce64df9d4069b1cefbf7bd00d74a"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Security sector
support</header><text>Programs to train, equip, and professionalize law
enforcement and military forces in Syria, including police and border
protection forces, to protect the people of Syria.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id76525e35912c4fa1af8dce79034cfdeb"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Support for
regional stability</header><text>Programs to support government agencies and
law enforcement and military forces in Syria, as well as those in neighboring
countries, to provide support to refugees from Syria, to stem the flow of
weapons and fighters out of Syria into other nations, and to prevent the
proliferation of chemical or other weapons of mass destruction, including
preventing such weapons from falling into the hands of al Qaeda, Hizballah, and
other terrorist groups.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id9932e1818a104416926d5dc0a1c83b31"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Transitional
justice and conflict resolution</header><text>Programs to reduce the likelihood
of retribution or sectarian violence in the aftermath of the end of the Assad
regime and to promote the creation of a stable center, including improving
relations between the moderate Sunni, Alawite, and Christian
communities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ide52f627b3f9b499ba69ae156e23dc4ec"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Technical
assistance to promote democracy and building democratic
institutions</header><text>Technical assistance, capacity building, and
training programs that—</text>
<subparagraph id="id7d7a2f47ea484a5d959a3b08670b9172"><enum>(A)</enum><text>facilitate the
development of an accountable, effective, and representative democratic
government;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id1226296c4fba45a1a12e65f9a6236933"><enum>(B)</enum><text>protect the rule
of law during the transition;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id0cf559b85c7d430dbc9b0f9c16d88b75"><enum>(C)</enum><text>support the
development and administration of a modern justice system;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id592e7be33246444ebd7290936ffb537c"><enum>(D)</enum><text>assist with the
development of a Syrian constitution that fosters a sense of unity and
contributes to national reconciliation among different components of Syrian
society; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id8d7f053392f54ca28a88dc5cca4f1faf"><enum>(E)</enum><text>support the
establishment of an inclusive and transparent electoral system in Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id1b01452f10d0432fb640ededfa2ac86a"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Technical
assistance to support economic revitalization</header><text>Technical
assistance, capacity building, and training programs that support the
resumption of economic activity, restore access to international markets,
promote international investment, provide for financial transparency and fiscal
stability, and empower the private sector.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id266f11ebf5fe4323bbf2552eb432bad7"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Technical
assistance for basic services</header><text>Technical assistance, capacity
building, and training programs to provide basic civil government services to
the people of Syria.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id0fe2f15430c743d5bf93ddd16d29275c"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Collection of
evidence on unlawful activities targeting civilian
populations</header><text>Programs that support the collection of evidence
related to the activities of those individuals who target or lead units or
organizations that target civilian populations and vulnerable populations,
including women and children, or have engaged in otherwise unlawful acts, and
to ensure that they are held accountable for their actions.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id62cac65c02c34c10a2452390fdada2e5"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>In addition to other assistance authorized
under law, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Transition Fund, out
of amounts appropriated for the support of political and economic transition in
the Middle East and North Africa, up to $250,000,000 annually for fiscal years
2013 through 2015.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id79abe746a50849aeaa6f16e478e5002a"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Uses of funds
for nonproliferation</header><text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law
that restricts the provision of United States assistance in Syria, up to
$100,000,000 of the funds authorized to be appropriated annually under
subsection (c) may also be transferred to and merged with funds made available
to carry out in Syria the purposes of chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2349bb">22 U.S.C. 2349bb et seq.</external-xref>; nonproliferation and export
control assistance).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idd7a654e544104bf3965988b0007d5c83"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Transfer
authority</header>
<paragraph id="idddb5920efc2a4511b673e707e97b4ad6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>In addition to other transfer authorities available to
the Department of State, the Department of Defense, or other United States
Government agencies or departments, funds available for foreign assistance or
funds of the Department of Defense or other United States Government agencies
or departments that are specifically allocated towards addressing the situation
in Syria may be transferred to the Transition Fund by the agencies or
departments to which the funds are available, subject to existing reprogramming
requirements and limitations, including congressional notification and approval
requirements. Amounts so transferred shall be merged with funds otherwise made
available under this section and remain available until expended for the
purposes specified in subsection (b).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idff150cfa382a4b1ab9b6d3dbec320f13"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limit</header><text>The
total amount of funds made available to the Transition Fund may not exceed
$250,000,000 in any fiscal year.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ida3494e2e38a745fd866ca96cf0a3584e"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Transfer
authority</header><text>Funds available to carry out assistance authorized by
this section may be transferred to an agency or account determined most
appropriate to facilitate the provision of assistance authorized by this
section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id3a782cdff4404bbc8e6e88df2a4a9a9f"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Additional to
other authorities</header><text>The transfer authorities in paragraphs (1) and
(3) are in addition to any other transfer authority available to the Department
of State or other United States Government agencies.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idaba8f7df628b49f1baabb9de29695bb3"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Sunset
provision</header><text>Unless specifically renewed, the Transition Fund shall
terminate on September 30, 2015.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id5a4edef6cb9b41f999669250081fa4ad"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Annual
report</header>
<paragraph id="id5ef657933f2144b489c0cf2ddf21d400"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the establishment of the
Transition Fund, and annually thereafter for the duration of the Transition
Fund, the Secretary of State, in collaboration with the Secretary of Defense
and other appropriate agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on United States efforts to assist the political transition
in Syria with a specific focus on the efforts supported by the Transition Fund.
The Secretary shall also provide an update briefing to the appropriate
congressional committees every 180 days.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id176cc976897f49a6b7d6eb4ceebec655"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Content</header><text>The
report required under paragraph (1) shall include the following
elements:</text>
<subparagraph id="idd7ee47ff9ad14ee1b995b38f3a9e0d8c"><enum>(A)</enum><text>A description of
the efforts undertaken and planned to be undertaken by the United States
Government through the Transition Fund to support the policy objectives
outlined in section 4.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idbdc2bb6d9b2f486badec125cac7d7317"><enum>(B)</enum><text>A description of
the efforts supported by the Transition Fund to support an effective and secure
political transition in Syria and how those activities align with the purposes
described in subsection (b).</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id88836eaa5870473d8ad66aa2a335e7a9"><enum>(C)</enum><text>A specific
accounting of all monies obligated through the Transition Fund by program and
project.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id154fe525a7c7492f9945beaf93baeb38"><enum>(D)</enum><text>Metrics and
benchmarks to make allocations from the Transition Fund and measure the
performance of the Transition Fund and programs funded by the Transition
Fund.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id94dfa5b376794c22b75d0c8dc9da040a"><enum>(E)</enum><text>A description of
efforts undertaken to coordinate with other donors and ensure that there is not
a duplication of efforts, including among Federal agencies.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idb3d28565dc1147e3b5e8f3afb1d3d07e"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The
report under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may
include a classified annex.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id869b36e78d804724871605bcd8a3d87f"><enum>302.</enum><header>Adjusting
sanctions provisions in preparation for a political transition</header>
<subsection id="id9b08fc78235242418459c412fc87ad16"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of
Congress</header><text>It is the sense of Congress that the United States
Government should begin a phased process to remove sanctions on Syria once the
Government of Syria has ceased its campaign of violence against the people of
Syria and a transition has begun to a representative and inclusive government
that is demonstrably committed to the principles set forth in subparagraphs (A)
through (H) of section 4(7) and is recognized by the United States.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id3ae6da1a44aa445f9d21c4015a5544d6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Amendments to
Syria accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of
2003</header><text>Section 5 of the Syria Accountability and Lebanese
Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/108/175">Public Law 108–175</external-xref>; <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2151">22 U.S.C. 2151</external-xref> note)
is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="id78c7ffde4fa44021aa7a02dc5507a113"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection
(c)—</text>
<subparagraph id="id70c4e7be953e4637999f776a2e034049"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in paragraph
(1)—</text>
<clause id="idc4f73c494adc4a31a9797ce2f8395bb7"><enum>(i)</enum><text>by
inserting <quote>(A)</quote> after <quote>(1)</quote>; and</text>
</clause><clause id="id9f03944622f94c3c9d518a5af18ace08"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>by
striking <quote>paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (d)</quote> and
inserting <quote>subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph (1) of subsection
(d)</quote>;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id997a5e2e38f2468bb71beeb7138ed8d3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by redesignating
paragraphs (2) and (3) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id6e909401e52341a8acfe6e5c4555bc1c"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in subparagraph
(C), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking the
comma at the end and inserting the following: “or;</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6c4f8d84539c4988b4ba30e5c2ca5a31" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="idf11767403b064c8b82fbf409e9158d68"><enum>(2)</enum><text>makes the
determination that the Government of Syria meets the requirements described in
paragraph (2) of such subsection and certifies such determination to Congress
in accordance with such subsection,</text>
</paragraph><after-quoted-block>;
and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id94f7aa58142747f1bfaf407022d7df8e"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection
(d)—</text>
<subparagraph id="id8c175de18f9248309fb450c56b7c1f33"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in paragraph (1),
by inserting <quote>(A)</quote> after <quote>(1)</quote>;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id23c12d61da9d42cd90cbd419008c692e"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by redesignating
paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), respectively;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id952d79e414a44f2e9f5258f81fdb9bb5"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in subparagraph
(D), as redesignated by subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and
inserting the following: “or;</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idf29b24dc31f9442782ebdf8263949281" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="ide05b4df08b2f46eba65e61f5b3e2f8af"><enum>(2)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idA758E41D903A4D73A01DFB9C1F146520"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Bashar al-Assad is no
longer the leader of Syria; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id4f1bae6b7cba4ae9ba82c22cc29c27c1" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Government of Syria has ceased its
campaign of violence against the people of Syria and begun the transition to a
representative and inclusive government that is demonstrably committed to the
principles of—</text>
<clause id="id63a5ac93a1a444e18a91878a5eb3fe2a"><enum>(i)</enum><text>protecting human rights, expanding
political participation, and providing religious freedom to all Syrians,
irrespective of, religion, ethnicity, or gender;</text>
</clause><clause id="idc4270f34d2be400aa1f53f7543e2bc78"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>supporting the rule of law;</text>
</clause><clause id="id5db606b76e884a87975612c3b5a63ca2"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>rejecting terrorism and extremist
ideologies;</text>
</clause><clause id="id219c13988c494e09b4a616a9d9ea6c4b"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>subordinating the military to
civilian authority;</text>
</clause><clause id="id653d3f43b4584e86b3cc56219451b1d2"><enum>(v)</enum><text>protecting the Syrian population
against sectarian violence and reprisals;</text>
</clause><clause id="id1da6523897d043dfbdeaca5b69e12d8c"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>cooperating with international
counterterrorism and nonproliferation efforts;</text>
</clause><clause id="ideac7ab32e4ca4a118e1cd55b43036181"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>supporting regional stability and
avoiding interference in the affairs of neighboring countries;</text>
</clause><clause id="idc818a8dcd1b646e683eb13110b2d56f9"><enum>(viii)</enum><text>establishing a strong justice
system and ensuring accountability for conflict-related crimes; and</text>
</clause><clause id="idc51d658eee3b4607a041a214ab83a257"><enum>(ix)</enum><text>recognizing the Golan Heights
<quote>Separation of Forces Agreement Between Israel And Syria,</quote> signed
on May 31, 1974, and the related protocol regarding United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
functions.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id38f0fa7d3b1941d29713f8693975c42c"><enum>303.</enum><header>Report on
Syrian weapons stockpiles</header>
<subsection id="id63abb992089548cb9dce7a148c8c7f01"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of
this Act, the President shall submit to Congress an assessment of the size and
security of conventional and non-conventional weapons stockpiles in
Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ida5f4c86016c947ecbbc61cc1b2fbde94"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Content</header><text>The
report required under subsection (a) shall include the following
elements:</text>
<paragraph id="id0bae38f05d914c1d887edac8390cd77d"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A description of
who has or may have access to the stockpiles.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id79b2416bf13149548cf61441338973fc"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A description of
the sources and types of weapons flowing from outside Syria to both government
and opposition forces.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id58d8f67af16542c6a6ed632f07eb9db1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A detailed plan
to prevent the proliferation of conventional, biological, chemical, and other
types of weapons in Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id6a83ef0a59004f6caa5c8b4c1960a767"><enum>304.</enum><header>Pre-transition
international consensus</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The
Secretary of State should establish international consensus on the transition
and post-transition period and government in Syria by—</text>
<paragraph id="idf275f854d2a0463d9e3d6915a4bcc38d"><enum>(1)</enum><text>working with the
government of Russia on the situation in Syria and the transition and
post-transition period and government in Syria, including how such programs can
leverage the shared interests of the United States and Russia in avoiding the
expansion of extremist ideologies and terrorist groups in Syria and the
region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idb5e39daaccb847de84233949a26238ac"><enum>(2)</enum><text>working with the
Friends of Syria group to ensure that extremist and terrorist groups in Syria
are isolated and that the core of the opposition can be brought to the
negotiating table; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id65ab4d8001db4326bd44a5046be4f44c"><enum>(3)</enum><text>building an
international consensus to limit and, to the greatest extent possible,
eliminate support from the Government of Iran for the Syrian regime, including
a potential ban on all commercial flights between Iran and Syria.</text>
</paragraph></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Sanctions</header>
<section id="id23cdfa84de1345e0a09cda9397368010"><enum>401.</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In this title:</text>
<paragraph id="idbfc1406d442e42eca83323ff18dbfce8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Appropriate
congressional committees</header><text>The term <term>appropriate congressional
committees</term> means—</text>
<subparagraph id="id2e51ff8853e04ae0b03d9bc0897391a4"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Committee on
Foreign Relations, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idadbda18eb6ec4cd498cf1f992d8ac495"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Committee on
Financial Services of the House of Representatives.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id8C14B092084144DA858A6C0EE3C2B726"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Defense
article; defense service</header><text>The terms <term>defense article</term>
and <term>defense service</term> have the meanings given those terms in section
47 of the Arms Export Control Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2794">22 U.S.C. 2794</external-xref>).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id1dc242b2f5b64826877e602b43e10c51"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Person</header><text>The
term <term>person</term> means an individual or entity.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id09ac5a8ccf394aafa6f8591209359289"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Petroleum</header><text>The
term <term>petroleum</term> includes crude oil and any mixture of hydrocarbons
that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains
liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating
facilities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id62B62894CF4248ACAE070CB143FAA35C"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Petroleum
products</header><text>The term <term>petroleum products</term> includes
unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline,
motor gasoline, naptha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene,
distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special
naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and
miscellaneous products obtained from the processing of crude oil (including
lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id6f9755fc38b842a08830626214a2a439"><enum>(6)</enum><header>United states
person</header><text>The term <term>United States person</term> means—</text>
<subparagraph id="id90b36b4b07d544d8bc652de45713b181"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a natural person
who is a citizen or resident of the United States or a national of the United
States (as defined in section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1101(a))); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idd6de744b9ed549eaa7fb2151950d14bc"><enum>(B)</enum><text>an entity that is
organized under the laws of the United States or a jurisdiction within the
United States.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></section><section id="id0121EA3143E34A54B6F6998ADE895611"><enum>402.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions with respect to selling, transferring, or transporting defense
articles, defense services, or military training to the Assad regime of
Syria</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">On or after the date
that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may
impose sanctions from among the sanctions described in section 404 with respect
to any person that the President determines has, on or after such date of
enactment, knowingly participated in or facilitated a significant transaction
related to the sale, transfer, or transportation of defense articles, defense
services, or military training to the Assad regime of Syria or any successor
regime in Syria that the President determines is not a legitimate transitional
or replacement government.</text>
</section><section id="idd3929c4f2ef64570be5f89ecd0e42c53"><enum>403.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions with respect to persons providing petroleum or petroleum products to
the Assad regime of Syria</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">On
or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act,
the President shall impose the sanction described in paragraph (5) of section
404 and 2 or more of the other sanctions described in that section with respect
to each person that the President determines has, on or after such date of
enactment, knowingly participated in or facilitated a significant transaction
related to the sale or transfer of petroleum or petroleum products to the Assad
regime of Syria or any successor regime in Syria that the President determines
is not a legitimate transitional or replacement government.</text>
</section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id63bd8d722c974ee3b1c74323d44d44a5"><enum>404.</enum><header>Sanctions
described</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The sanctions the
President may impose with respect to a person under sections 402 and 403 are
the following:</text>
<paragraph id="id82ad75b70bcc4a17ba825f1f2626e075"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Export-Import
Bank assistance</header><text>The President may direct the Export-Import Bank
of the United States not to give approval to the issuance of any guarantee,
insurance, extension of credit, or participation in the extension of credit in
connection with the export of any goods or services to the person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idc5ac41e02f39410dbcd30b561d493d24"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The President may prohibit the United States Government
from procuring, or entering into any contract for the procurement of, any goods
or services from the person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idde9f8c25a4934a6dafcea8da1dc90437"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Arms export
prohibition</header><text>The President may prohibit United States Government
sales to the person of any item on the United States Munitions List under
section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2778">22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)</external-xref>) and
require termination of sales to the person of any defense articles, defense
services, or design and construction services under that Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et
seq.).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ided4267d5e5b34f9e979161f04cf06137"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Dual-use export
prohibition</header><text>The President may deny licenses and suspend existing
licenses for the transfer to the person of items the export of which is
controlled under the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et
seq.) (as in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1701">50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.</external-xref>)) or the Export Administration Regulations under
subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idddc5ac9471744283b8c8f80c49071467"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Blocking of
assets</header><text>The President may, pursuant to such regulations as the
President may prescribe, block and prohibit all transactions in all property
and interests in property of the person if such property and interests in
property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or
come within the possession or control of a United States person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id20d95468d4ac4951b8e5d1a8f8a815ef"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Visa
ineligibility</header><text>In the case of a person that is an alien, the
President may direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the
Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United States, the person,
subject to regulatory exceptions to permit the United States to comply with the
Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding
the Headquarters of the United Nations and other applicable international
obligations.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="idec48af732eb646c29593e5b2561b46a3"><enum>405.</enum><header>Waivers</header>
<subsection id="idf637307f85174593a53b15eaf5e4c469"><enum>(a)</enum><header>General waiver
authority</header><text>The President may waive the application of section 402
or 403 to a person or category of persons for a period of 180 days, and may
renew the waiver for additional periods of not more than 180 days, if the
President determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees
every 180 days that the waiver is in the vital national security interests of
the United States.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idc9f11c06dfea4ae58b750c779aab6cc9"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Waiver for
humanitarian needs</header><text>The President may waive the application of
section 403 to a person for a period of not more than 180 days, and may renew
the waiver for additional periods of not more than 180 days, if the President
determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees every 180
days that the waiver is to necessary to permit the person to conduct or
facilitate a transaction that is necessary to meet humanitarian needs of the
people of Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ida2ea49ab6b14438fbfc947db168397f2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Form</header><text>Each
report submitted under subsection (a) or (b) shall be submitted in unclassified
form but may include a classified annex.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="id9f93f4d816334bf8b52f6eb17d35cf44"><enum>406.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress on sanctions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is
the sense of Congress that the President should work closely with allies of the
United States to obtain broad multilateral support for countries to impose
sanctions that are equivalent to the sanctions set forth in this title under
the laws of those countries.</text>
</section><enum>V</enum><header>Increased support
for the opposition</header>
<section id="id1732407db85a4d5ba8af36c121d0ac55"><enum>501.</enum><header>Lethal and
increased non-lethal support for the vetted opposition</header>
<subsection id="id79660c2312bd429488b42c4e20f839d8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authorization
To provide lethal and increased non-Lethal assistance to vetted elements of the
syrian opposition</header><text>Subject to subsection (b), the President is
authorized, notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts military,
non-military, or economic assistance to Syria, to provide defense articles,
defense services, and military training to specific members of the Syrian
Supreme Military Council, particular units of the Free Syrian Army, and other
Syrian entities opposed to the government of Bashar al-Assad, with funds made
available for foreign assistance.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idec325cb7f89c473485f3cc8bd655d726"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>Not
later than 15 days before obligating funds, otherwise providing any assistance,
or otherwise making any commitment to provide the assistance described in
subsection (a), the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees—</text>
<paragraph id="id9ff3a1afdd8947938e0b327cb216468b"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a certification
that—</text>
<subparagraph id="iddf103c8c0b624c99b10ee24e5657643c"><enum>(A)</enum><text>assistance to any
individual, unit, or entities will be provided consistent with section 620M of
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2378d">22 U.S.C. 2378d</external-xref>);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idf3ed7af002254f4b9dc49ce7509d1eda"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the individual to
whom assistance is being provided or is planned to be provided, or leader or
leaders of any unit or entity, including all senior members of such unit or
entity, to which assistance is being provided or is planned to be provided,
are, based on the information available to the United States Government—</text>
<clause id="id9a2efe94a2594ce3b06bda3e0a0d3312"><enum>(i)</enum><text>not
an organization or person that has been designated, or is affiliated with any
organization or person that has been designated, as a foreign terrorist
organization pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1189) or a <term>Specially Designated Global Terrorist</term> pursuant
to Executive Order 13224 (66 Fed. Reg. 49079);</text>
</clause><clause id="id60e7ffa56452450faae92f5f7b710471"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>committed to
rejecting terrorism and extremist ideologies;</text>
</clause><clause id="id567d361a015a46fab826c07fe1368fff"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>opposed to the
carrying out of sectarian violence and revenge killings;</text>
</clause><clause id="id28c7f7cb836a42ea81f92f0cad76d4d3"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>committed to
civilian rule, including subordinating the military to civilian authority, and
the rule of law for Syria;</text>
</clause><clause id="idb186704c041b4ba7915f4ae11530407a"><enum>(v)</enum><text>committed to
cooperating with international counterterrorism and nonproliferation efforts;
and</text>
</clause><clause id="idc21dfa4a93d9408d88c202a2542766c5"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>supporting
regional stability and avoiding interference in the affairs of neighboring
countries;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idbf5f7b45fd724912a060903630ec24f9"><enum>(C)</enum><text>any military
education and training should include information and training on appropriate
leadership and command skills, protection of critical infrastructure,
observance of and respect for applicable laws of armed conflict, respect for
the rule of law, and the importance of civilian control of the military, and,
when appropriate, on securing chemical weapons sites and other important sites;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id385c29124f7d4dda86262fcf5dab20b4"><enum>(D)</enum><text>assistance
provided under this section to any specific individual or entity shall
immediately be terminated if the United States Government receives information
that indicates that the individual or entity is not in compliance with the
terms laid out in subparagraph (B); and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ide9e3a08c22364e7c9ebb72f76e6640eb"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a written policy
justification, budget, execution plan and timeline, and anticipated completion
date for the planned activity.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id69229b967e4447e088c9f0b5bdf8f497"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Restriction on
anti-Aircraft defensive systems</header>
<paragraph id="id5B317B895B1C4A069094CE096A904FB8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided under paragraph (2), no anti-aircraft
defensive systems may be transferred as part of the assistance authorized under
this section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id31f424c9036048d1a90d7f64782e1d6e"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
President may waive the restriction under paragraph (1) if—</text>
<subparagraph id="idd3e4838133f7462883e83c301c17422b"><enum>(A)</enum><text>it is in the
vital national security interest to do so;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id67fd45d30449404b83b1ae632ac9c9db"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the President
notifies Congress not later than 15 days before exercising such waiver;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id16d4c07435704f33addfac14414808af"><enum>(C)</enum><text>not later than 15
days before exercising such waiver, the President transmits to the appropriate
congressional committees a report described in subsection (e), together with
the certification required under subsection (b)(1) specifically with respect to
anti-aircraft defensive systems;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ide0fafe0d5e1b4d29a97bddf57d39d802"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the President
certifies that—</text>
<clause id="id1df973aefb0a4c54a20398cd7caee250"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the
systems provided have been equipped with appropriate tracking, disabling, or
anti-tamper devices; or</text>
</clause><clause id="id1fd72e1416b748c6befb65c8f0da67d0"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>effective end
use monitoring, including appropriate disposition of systems, is in place;
and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id11805ff3637b405599902f079158b676"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the President
certifies that the United States has consulted with regional allies regarding
the systems provided.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id5479c68aed4a48338b175ceac953f441"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Code of
conduct</header><text>The United States Government shall encourage any entity
receiving assistance pursuant to subsection (a) to commit to a code of conduct
that includes respect for applicable laws of armed conflict, respect for the
rule of law, and a commitment to refrain from sectarian violence and revenge
killings.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id2cd7a2e9eff64deabdea571c20bdf88a"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Reporting
requirement</header><text>In the event that the President exercises the
authority in subsection (a), the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees every 90 days thereafter until such time as the
authority is no longer being exercised, a detailed report on—</text>
<paragraph id="id69a1e5bb9b3344619e2f54d86f1ed2a7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the education,
training or assistance provided;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ida38faa2988fb45168517c3735ca17d7a"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the vetting
conducted to satisfy the certification requirement in subsection (b)(1);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idfb3f18225fba4fe792349c585c51908e"><enum>(3)</enum><text>steps taken to
encourage the development of a code of conduct outlined in subsection
(c);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id5ab5db7a73c84d37af784ee03ea4a673"><enum>(4)</enum><text>an assessment of
the current military capacity of opposition forces receiving assistance;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ida26cbb0e215b4380827bc6135733ff71"><enum>(5)</enum><text>an assessment of
the ability of opposition forces inside and outside of Syrian to establish
military activities impacting Syria, together with a practicable timetable for
accomplishing these objectives;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="iddca93a810dd54c50adbb26595bee60f7"><enum>(6)</enum><text>an assessment of
the ability of opposition groups to establish effective military control over
Syria; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idc5c6628db64f44f79dac533425ba5256"><enum>(7)</enum><text>a description of
the financial and materiel resources currently available to opposition
forces.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idf4a3d68aee6a42a2a79ad82c83f339a1"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Sunset
provision</header><text>Unless specifically renewed, the authority described in
subsection (a) shall terminate on September 30, 2015.</text>
</subsection></section>