Slacum HW Jr, Burton WH, Vølstad J, Dew J, Weber E, Llansó R, Wong D (Versar, Inc., Columbia, MD). 2005. Comparisons between marine communities residing on sand shoals and uniform-bottom substrates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Herndon (VA): US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 151 p. Obligation No.: 85060. Report No.: OCS Study MMS 2005-042. URL: https://espis.boem.gov/Final%20Reports/4160.pdf
The main objectives of this study were to 1) determine what species of fish and mobile benthos reside at offshore sand shoals and 2) evaluate if the shoals represent important habitat for those species. The focus of this study was to compare the four sand shoals to four reference habitats located in the same region that exhibited similar macro and microhabitat features but did not exhibit vertical relief like the shoals. To evaluate if shoals are important habitat we compared species abundances and diversity between the four shoals and four reference habitats. Species abundance and diversity were used as determinants of habitat quality and we defined an area to be “preferred” if total species or communities occur at greater abundances and higher diversities within that area.
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Chicago
Minerals Management Service, Interior Department. "Comparisons Between Marine Communities Residing on Sand Shoals and Uniform-Bottom Substrates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight". Government. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, January 1, 2005. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-I-969939f726d5dad1646e6ebee5f70c9c
APA
Minerals Management Service, Interior Department. (2005, January 1). Comparisons Between Marine Communities Residing on Sand Shoals and Uniform-Bottom Substrates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. [Government]. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-I-969939f726d5dad1646e6ebee5f70c9c
MLA
Minerals Management Service, Interior Department. Comparisons Between Marine Communities Residing on Sand Shoals and Uniform-Bottom Substrates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, (1 Jan 2005), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-I-969939f726d5dad1646e6ebee5f70c9c
Bluebook
Minerals Management Service, Interior Department, Comparisons Between Marine Communities Residing on Sand Shoals and Uniform-Bottom Substrates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, GovInfo, (January 1, 2005), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-I-969939f726d5dad1646e6ebee5f70c9c
