A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of materials, designs, and configurations were studied under various wind conditions. The 187 experiments were split into five categories: mulch only, fence only, fence plus mulch, parallel fences, and long range firebrand experiments. Fence materials included western redcedar, California redwood, pine, vinyl, and wood-plastic composites, and fence styles included privacy, lattice, and good neighbor (board on board). The tested mulch types were shredded hardwood, mini pine bark nuggets, pine straw, rubber, and artificial turf. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The fence and/or mulch bed was ignited by a propane burner on the ground at the end farthest from the structure. A small structure was located between 0 m and 1.83 m (0 ft to 6 ft) downwind of the fence or mulch bed as a target for flames and firebrands. A target mulch bed at the base of the structure tested the ability of firebrands produced by the burning fence and mulch bed to ignite spot fires that threatened the structure.
Document Citations
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Chicago
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. "Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch". Government. Commerce Department, August 10, 2022. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc
APA
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. (2022, August 10). Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch. [Government]. Commerce Department. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc
MLA
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch. Commerce Department, (10 Aug 2022), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc
Bluebook
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department, Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch, GovInfo, (August 10, 2022), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc
